Lathe tool seat for processing annular groove in deep hole
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of lathe machining, in particular to a lathe tool seat for machining an annular groove in a deep hole.
Background
When processing in a deep hole, the length of the cutter bar is long, and under the condition that the cutting tool is subjected to unidirectional load, the cutter bar is easy to deform under the bending moment, so that the cutting is difficult to normally process, or the cutting amount is small, the cutting efficiency is reduced, and the like are caused.
For example, "a long handle cutter for processing a titanium alloy deep hole of a numerical control lathe" disclosed in Chinese patent literature, the publication number of which is CN218283773U, comprises a cutter handle head and a mounting groove, wherein the mounting groove is arranged in the cutter handle head, a titanium alloy turning tool is arranged in the mounting groove, a positioning bolt is arranged in the cutter handle head on one side of the titanium alloy turning tool, one end of the positioning bolt extends to the surface of the titanium alloy turning tool, a locking bolt is arranged in the cutter handle head below the positioning bolt, one end of the locking bolt extends to the surface of the titanium alloy turning tool, an adjusting rod is arranged in the cutter handle head, the adjusting rod is in sliding connection with the cutter handle head, and a plurality of groups of equidistant through holes are arranged in the adjusting rod. The tool not only realizes convenient installation of the long-handle tool and facilitates deep hole deep processing, but also increases the application range of the long-handle tool. However, the disadvantage of this patent is that the tool shank is deformed easily by the bending moment due to the unidirectional load applied to the turning tool when the tool shank is extended into the deep hole for machining, and thus the cutting is difficult to be performed normally, or the cutting amount is small and the cutting efficiency is reduced.
In order to solve the above problems, some prior art provides a double-sided turning tool, which eliminates the unidirectional bending moment of the tool shank by two turning tools, however, the double-sided turning tool cannot be applied to the processing of annular grooves in deep holes or the processing of structures with larger inner diameters.
For example, "a lathe turning deep hole processing double-sided lathe tool" disclosed in Chinese patent literature, its publication number is CN107570736A, including the operation panel, the supporting legs is installed to the bottom symmetry of operation panel, the top of operation panel is provided with the slide rail, install the work piece mount on the slide rail, install the work piece on the work piece mount, one side of work piece is provided with deep hole processingequipment, deep hole processingequipment installs on drive arrangement, drive arrangement places at the top of operation panel, deep hole processingequipment includes first lathe tool, second lathe tool, apron and cutter arbor, be provided with first arch and second arch on the cutter arbor, first arch and second arch parallel symmetry are arranged. According to the lathe turning deep hole machining double-sided lathe tool, one lathe tool work is increased to two lathe tool works, the first lathe tool and the second lathe tool are symmetrically clamped in a positive-negative mode, the cutting force is uniform, the cutting amount is increased, the cutter bar deformation amount is small, and the cutting efficiency is remarkably improved. However, the disadvantage of this patent lies in, when carrying out the annular groove processing in the deep hole, the cutter still need carry out radial removal after stretching into the deep hole, and the cutter of this patent is after radial removal, can't ensure that two lathe tools cut annular groove in the deep hole simultaneously, can't play the effect that improves cutting efficiency, reduce the cutter arbor and warp.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a turning tool seat for processing an annular groove in a deep hole, which can process the annular groove in the deep hole, avoid the deformation of a cutter bar as far as possible, ensure that the cutting quantity accords with an expected value and ensure that the cutting efficiency is not influenced, and aims to solve the problems that in the prior art, when the annular groove in the deep hole is processed, the cutter bar is subjected to unidirectional load, and the cutter bar is subjected to bending moment to easily deform, so that the cutting is difficult to normally process, or the cutting quantity is smaller, the cutting efficiency is reduced and the like.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention discloses a turning tool seat for machining an annular groove in a deep hole, which comprises a deep hole cutter bar, a turning tool structure, a radial feeding structure and a turning tool structure, wherein the deep hole cutter bar is used for providing axial length to convey a cutting tool into the deep hole, the turning tool structure is arranged on the deep hole cutter bar and used for cutting an annular groove, the radial feeding structure is used for adjusting the radial position of a tool bit of the whole tool, the turning tool structure comprises a turning tool mounting seat and at least two cutting tools which are circumferentially uniformly distributed on the turning tool mounting seat and are used for simultaneously cutting, and the directions of cutting surfaces of the cutting tools are clockwise or anticlockwise relative to the center of the turning tool mounting seat.
The cutting lathe tools which are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction can cut simultaneously, and the load directions of the cutting lathe tools can be mutually offset, so that the radial load of the cutter bar is greatly reduced, and deformation of the cutter bar due to bending moment is avoided. Simultaneously, radial feeding structure can be adjusted the radial position of turning tool bit, after the turning tool bit stretches into the deep hole, only need adjust the radial position of turning tool bit, even need carry out the bigger processing of internal diameter, also can ensure that two turning tool bits cut simultaneously to solve the problem that exists among the prior art.
Preferably, the radial feeding structure comprises a pushing block for pushing all cutting turning tools to synchronously and radially move, a wedge-shaped part is arranged on one end of the cutting turning tools, which faces the pushing block, and an abutting surface which is in adaptive abutting connection with the wedge-shaped part is arranged on the cutting turning tools. The pushing block can simultaneously push a plurality of cutting turning tools, and the distance from the cutting turning tool bit to the center of the deep hole is ensured to be consistent all the time.
Preferably, the turning tool structure is arranged at one end of a deep hole cutter bar, and a radial feeding driving structure is arranged at one end of the deep hole cutter bar far away from the turning tool structure. By this construction, a sufficient installation space for the radial feed drive can be ensured.
Preferably, the radial feeding structure comprises a driving screw rod, wherein a driving piece is adaptively arranged on the driving screw rod, and the driving piece is fixedly connected with the pushing block. Because the deep hole cutter bar needs to stretch into the deep hole, the length is long, if the pushing block is driven by adopting a cylinder and other structures, the bending moment born by the driving rod can be increased due to the load of the driving rod in the axial direction born by the axis of the driving rod. In this scheme, drive through the drive lead screw, because the stress point of drive lead screw is on the screw thread to the equipartition is in axle center outside circumference, is difficult to lead to the moment of flexure to increase.
Preferably, the driving piece comprises a plurality of internal thread parts which are arranged at intervals in the axial direction and are in threaded fit with the driving screw rod, and the internal thread parts which are arranged at intervals can enable stress points of the screw rod to be distributed at different positions in the axial direction as far as possible, so that the driving screw rod is further prevented from being deformed due to bending moment.
Preferably, the length of the driving member is not less than half the length of the driving screw. Through this scheme make the drive lead screw can receive the spacing of driving piece in radial direction, further avoid the drive lead screw to take place deformation.
Preferably, the sum of the axial lengths of all the internal thread portions does not exceed one third of the length of the drive screw. By this solution it is possible to reduce the energy loss at the thread and to avoid excessive forces being blocked during driving.
Preferably, a bearing installation part is arranged in the deep hole cutter bar, a connecting rod perforation is arranged on the bearing installation part, the driving piece is connected with the pushing block through a connecting rod, and the connecting rod penetrates through the connecting rod perforation. The structure can ensure the connection reliability of the driving piece and the pushing block on the premise of not influencing the installation of the driving screw rod.
Preferably, the lathe tool mounting seat is further provided with a lathe tool limiting hole, the length direction of the lathe tool limiting hole is the same as the radial feeding direction of the cutting lathe tool, and a wear-resisting pad is arranged between the lathe tool limiting hole and the cutting lathe tool. The wear pad can reduce the abrasion of the turning tool limiting hole caused by vibration generated during cutting.
Preferably, the deep hole cutter bar is further provided with a cooling liquid spray head aligned with the turning head of the cutting lathe tool, and a cooling liquid pipeline connected with the cooling liquid spray head is arranged in the deep hole cutter bar. The cutting process can be cooled in real time through the cooling liquid spray head.
The invention has the advantages that (1) the load directions of the cutting turning tools can be mutually offset, thereby greatly reducing the radial load of the cutter bar and avoiding deformation caused by bending moment, (2) when the turning tools extend into deep holes, the radial positions of the turning tools are only required to be adjusted, even if the machining with larger inner diameter is required, the two turning tools can be cut simultaneously, and (3) the driving screw rod is not easy to deform in the driving process.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an internal structure of a first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic side view of a first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion of an embodiment of the present invention at an end of the deep hole tool bar of fig. 1 adjacent to a turning tool structure.
Fig. 4 is a schematic side view of a second embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure, 1, a mounting seat 2, a deep hole cutter bar 3, a turning tool structure 4, a radial feeding structure 5, a radial feeding driving structure 6, a cooling liquid spray head 7, a spray head mounting cover 8, a turning tool mounting seat 9, a cutting turning tool 10, a cutting surface 11, a turning tool limiting hole 12, a push block 13, a driving screw rod 14, a driving piece 15, an internal thread part 16, a bearing mounting part 17, a connecting rod perforation 18 and a connecting rod.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and detailed description.
In a first embodiment, as shown in fig. 1-3, a lathe tool holder for machining an annular groove in a deep hole comprises a mounting seat 1, a deep hole cutter bar 2, a lathe tool structure 3 and a radial feeding structure 4.
The installation seat is used for fixing the lathe tool seat, is generally fixed on the sliding rail and is driven by the axial feeding device, so that the lathe tool structure can feed and cut in the axial direction of the deep hole, and a cutter bar installation hole for installing a cutter bar of the deep hole is formed in the installation seat.
The deep hole cutter bar is of a hollow structure, the radial feeding structure is arranged in the deep hole cutter bar, and the radial feeding driving structure 5 and the turning tool structure are respectively arranged at two ends of the deep hole cutter bar. The radial feeding driving structure can be a hand wheel with scales or a stepping motor with a speed reducer.
The deep hole cutter bar is further provided with a milling surface near the turning tool structure, and a nozzle mounting cover 7 for mounting the cooling liquid nozzle 6 on the deep hole cutter bar is mounted on the milling surface. And a cooling liquid pipeline communicated with the cooling liquid spray head is further arranged in the deep hole cutter bar. And a cooling liquid inlet connected with the cooling liquid pipeline is also arranged on the mounting seat.
The lathe tool structure includes lathe tool mount pad 8 to and at least two circumference equipartitions install on the lathe tool mount pad, cut simultaneously the cutting lathe tool 9, the orientation of the cutting face 10 of cutting lathe tool is clockwise to the center of lathe tool mount pad, perhaps is anticlockwise, in this embodiment, the quantity of cutting lathe tool is two, and the cutting face all faces anticlockwise. Still be equipped with lathe tool spacing hole 11 on the lathe tool mount pad, the length direction in lathe tool spacing hole is the same with the radial direction of feed of cutting lathe tool, install the wear pad between lathe tool spacing hole and the cutting lathe tool.
The radial feeding structure comprises a push block 12 for pushing all cutting turning tools to synchronously and radially move, a wedge-shaped part is arranged on one end of the cutting turning tools, which faces the push block, and an abutting surface which is in adaptive abutting connection with the wedge-shaped part is arranged on the cutting turning tools. The radial feeding structure comprises a driving screw rod 13 connected with the radial feeding driving structure, a driving piece 14 is adaptively arranged on the driving screw rod, and a limiting groove for limiting the circumferential rotation direction of the driving piece is formed in the deep hole cutter bar. The driving piece with ejector pad fixed connection, the length of driving piece is not less than half of drive lead screw length, the driving piece includes a plurality of internal thread portion 15 that set up at axial direction interval, internal thread portion and drive lead screw thread fit, the axial length sum of all internal thread portions is not more than the third of drive lead screw length. The deep hole cutter bar is internally provided with a bearing installation part 16, the bearing installation part is provided with a connecting rod perforation 17, the driving piece is connected with the pushing block through a connecting rod 18, and the connecting rod penetrates through the connecting rod perforation.
In the use of the device, the radial position of the turning tool is adjusted firstly, so that the distance from the end part of the turning tool to the center of the installation seat of the turning tool does not exceed the radius of the deep hole, and then the turning tool structure stretches into the position to be machined in the deep hole through the movement of the installation seat on the sliding rail. The part to be machined is then brought into rapid rotation and the cutting tool is radially fed. When the cutting turning tool is radially fed, the driving screw rod is required to be rotated, so that the driving piece is driven to move in the axial direction of the driving screw rod, and the pushing block is driven to move in the axial direction of the driving screw rod. The axial movement of the pusher block is translated into radial movement of the cutting tool due to the contact of the abutment surface and the wedge. After the cutting lathe tool moves radially, the inner wall of the deep hole is cut, and along with the movement of the mounting seat on the sliding rail, the annular groove is gradually cut. When the depth of the annular groove is large, exceeding the upper limit of the single radial feed, the radial feed can be decomposed into a plurality of smaller feeds.
In the second embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, a turning tool holder for machining an annular groove in a deep hole is different from the first embodiment in that in the present embodiment, the number of cutting tools 9 is 4, and adjacent cutting tools are spaced by 90 °.