CN116696231B - Rectangular pile foundation hole repairing device - Google Patents

Rectangular pile foundation hole repairing device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116696231B
CN116696231B CN202310985048.1A CN202310985048A CN116696231B CN 116696231 B CN116696231 B CN 116696231B CN 202310985048 A CN202310985048 A CN 202310985048A CN 116696231 B CN116696231 B CN 116696231B
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
pile foundation
mounting plate
rectangular pile
hole
rod
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Active
Application number
CN202310985048.1A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN116696231A (en
Inventor
刘静
缪成银
张海涛
任恒毅
郭朗
曹振彪
王庆楠
刘士伟
余剑搏
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Sichuan Intelligent Construction Technology Co ltd
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Sichuan Intelligent Construction Technology Co ltd
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Application filed by Sichuan Intelligent Construction Technology Co ltd filed Critical Sichuan Intelligent Construction Technology Co ltd
Priority to CN202310985048.1A priority Critical patent/CN116696231B/en
Publication of CN116696231A publication Critical patent/CN116696231A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN116696231B publication Critical patent/CN116696231B/en
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Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/001Drilling a non circular hole
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/02Determining slope or direction
    • E21B47/022Determining slope or direction of the borehole, e.g. using geomagnetism
    • E21B47/0228Determining slope or direction of the borehole, e.g. using geomagnetism using electromagnetic energy or detectors therefor
    • E21B47/0232Determining slope or direction of the borehole, e.g. using geomagnetism using electromagnetic energy or detectors therefor at least one of the energy sources or one of the detectors being located on or above the ground surface

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Geophysics (AREA)
  • Placing Or Removing Of Piles Or Sheet Piles, Or Accessories Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

The application provides a rectangular pile foundation hole repairing device, which belongs to the technical field of pile foundation square excavating equipment, and comprises: and (3) mounting the plate and the drill rod. The periphery of the mounting plate is respectively provided with a group of cutterheads, each cutterhead is provided with an independent driving motor, and each group of cutterheads moves back and forth along one side of the rectangle and is respectively used for trimming the four inner walls of the rectangular pile foundation; the top surface of the mounting plate is provided with a target, a baffle plate is arranged above the mounting plate corresponding to the cutterhead, and the baffle plate is arranged in a moving way along the direction perpendicular to the inner wall of the rectangular pile foundation; the lower extreme of drilling rod is connected in the middle part of mounting panel, and the outside of drilling rod is equipped with laser emitter, and when laser emitter sent laser beam was located the middle part of mark target, it is straight line state to indicate to repair the hole direction. The scheme can effectively prevent the rectangular pile foundation hole from deflecting during hole repair.

Description

Rectangular pile foundation hole repairing device
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of pile foundation square excavating equipment, and particularly relates to a rectangular pile foundation hole repairing device.
Background
The current rectangular pile foundation construction technology is to drill a hole by using a rotary drilling rig, then replace the rotary drilling barrel with a rectangular hole forming device, finish repairing the hole once or several times, and finally form a regular rectangular hole. The existing construction technology lacks of deflection detection for the hole repairing process, basically only depends on the operation level of an operator, and simultaneously ignores the gap between the power head of the rotary drilling rig and the drill rod, when the stratum working condition of hard rock or uneven hardness is met, the problem of hole guiding deflection easily occurs, and the problem also causes a final rectangular pile foundation Kong Pianxie.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the application provides a rectangular pile foundation hole repairing device which can effectively prevent a rectangular pile foundation hole from deflecting during hole repairing.
In order to achieve the object of the application, the following scheme is adopted:
a rectangular pile foundation hole repair device, comprising: and (3) mounting the plate and the drill rod.
The periphery of the mounting plate is respectively provided with a group of cutterheads, each cutterhead is provided with an independent driving motor, and each group of cutterheads moves back and forth along one side of the rectangle and is respectively used for trimming the four inner walls of the rectangular pile foundation; the top surface of the mounting plate is provided with a target, a baffle plate is arranged above the mounting plate corresponding to the cutterhead, and the baffle plate is arranged in a moving way along the direction perpendicular to the inner wall of the rectangular pile foundation;
the lower extreme of drilling rod is connected in the middle part of mounting panel, and the outside of drilling rod is equipped with laser emitter, and when laser emitter sent laser beam was located the middle part of mark target, it is straight line state to indicate to repair the hole direction.
The application has the beneficial effects that:
1. whether hole repairing direction is carried out along straight line can be effectively judged through observing the position of laser beam on the target to after laser beam skew target accessible mobile baffle revises, make laser beam get back to on the target again, in order to guarantee rectangular pile foundation's straightness accuracy.
2. The four groups of cutterheads can move simultaneously and are controlled through the same gear ring, so that the hole repairing device has high construction efficiency and is simple in structure.
Drawings
The drawings described herein are for illustration of selected embodiments only and not all possible implementations, and are not intended to limit the scope of the application.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic overall structure of a preferred embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic bottom structure of a preferred embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 3 shows a schematic view of the driving structure of the skateboard.
Fig. 4 shows a schematic view of a preferred construction of the slide plate and cutterhead.
Fig. 5 shows a schematic structural view of the connection head.
Fig. 6 shows a schematic structural view of the ball head.
Fig. 7 shows a partial cross-sectional view of the connection of the drill pipe to the tubular and the upper and lower screw rods.
The marks in the figure: the device comprises a mounting plate-1, a target-11, a baffle-12, a guide rail-13, a hydraulic cylinder-14, a storage hopper-15, a round tube-16, a lower screw rod-17, a ball head-171, an outer arc tooth-172, a cutter head-21, a raised strip-211, a driving motor-22, a sliding plate-23, a gear ring-24, a telescopic rod-25, a hinge block-26, a telescopic spring-27, a drill rod-3, a laser emitter-31, an upper screw rod-32, a connector-33, an inner arc tooth-331, a corrugated pipe-4 and a connecting spring-5.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more apparent, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application will be given with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the described embodiments of the present application are some, but not all embodiments of the present application.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a rectangular pile foundation hole repairing device includes: mounting plate 1 and drill rod 3.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the mounting plate 1 has a rectangular plate structure, a group of cutterheads 21 are respectively arranged at the periphery of the rectangular plate structure, independent driving motors 22 are respectively arranged on the cutterheads 21, and each group of cutterheads 21 respectively moves back and forth along one side of the rectangle and is respectively used for trimming four inner walls of a rectangular pile foundation; the top surface of mounting panel 1 is equipped with the mark target 11, and the mounting panel 1 corresponds the top of blade disc 21 and respectively is equipped with a baffle 12, blocks the mud stone that blade disc 21 throwed away with baffle 12, prevents that the mud stone from being thrown on mark target 11 to influence the detection, can prevent simultaneously that the mud stone from piling up at the top surface of mounting panel 1, baffle 12 removes along the direction of perpendicular to rectangle pile foundation inner wall and sets up, in order to adapt to the size of rectangle pile foundation, and conveniently repair the hole device business turn over pile foundation, the top surface of mounting panel 1 corresponds every baffle 12 and all is equipped with pneumatic cylinder 14 for driving baffle 12 and remove.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the lower end of the drill rod 3 is connected to the middle part of the mounting plate 1, the outside of the drill rod 3 is provided with a laser emitter 31, when the laser beam emitted by the laser emitter 31 is located in the middle part of the target 11, the hole repairing direction is in a straight line state, when the laser beam deviates from the target 11, the mounting plate 1 can be moved relative to the pile foundation by moving the baffle 12 so as to correct the position of the mounting plate 1, so that the laser beam irradiates the target 11 again, and the hole repairing is ensured to be carried out along the straight line, for example, when the laser beam deviates to the left side of the target, the left baffle 12 can be extended and props against the side wall of the pile foundation, so that the mounting plate 1 moves to the right side relative to the drill rod 3, so that the target 11 moves to the lower part of the laser beam, and the hole repairing direction is corrected. And when repairing hole device downwardly moving's in-process, the border of accessible baffle 12 is strickleed to the inner wall of pile foundation to make the inner wall of pile foundation smoother, moreover, locate mounting panel 1 baffle 12 all around, through the contact with the pile foundation inner wall, formed the supporting role to mounting panel 1, can reduce the rocking of mounting panel 1 in the pile foundation, thereby can effectively guarantee the accuracy of repairing hole direction.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the bottom surface of the mounting plate 1 is provided with four guide rails 13, the four guide rails 13 form a rectangular frame structure, the guide rails 13 are all provided with sliding plates 23, the sliding plates 23 are perpendicular to the mounting plate 1 and are parallel to the corresponding guide rails 13, a driving motor 22 is arranged on one side of the sliding plates 23 facing the middle part of the mounting plate 1, mud stones can be prevented from splashing on the driving motor 22 when the mounting is realized, in this mounting mode, a cutter 21 is arranged below the mounting plate 1, the top surface of the mounting plate 1 can be effectively kept clean, mud stones are prevented from entering the upper part of the mounting plate 1, the cutter 21 is positioned on the outer side of the sliding plates 23, the sliding plates 23 slide reciprocally along the corresponding guide rails 13 respectively, so as to realize the purpose that the cutter 21 reciprocate along the rectangular sides, and each sliding plate 23 can be provided with an independent telescopic device for controlling the movement, for example, a cylinder parallel to the side of each guide rail 13 is arranged on the side of each sliding plate 23 for driving the sliding plates 23 to move.
It is further preferable, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, that a gear ring 24 is provided in the middle of the bottom surface of the mounting plate 1, four telescopic rods 25 are provided along the circumferential array, the ends of the telescopic rods 25 are respectively hinged to four sliding plates 23, and the axis of the hinge is perpendicular to the mounting plate 1. When the gear ring 24 is reciprocated around the axis of the gear ring 24, the four sliding plates 23 can be simultaneously driven to reciprocate along the corresponding guide rails 13 by the four telescopic rods 25, and in the swinging process, the telescopic rods 25 swing around the hinge shafts between the sliding plates 23 so as to adapt to the angle change between the telescopic rods 25 and the guide rails 13, and the telescopic structure of the telescopic rods 25 is used for adapting to the distance change between the sliding plates 23 and the gear ring 24; the structure can correct four inner walls of the pile foundation at the same time, can effectively improve the construction efficiency, can reduce the number of driving devices of the sliding plate 23, simplify the structure of the hole repairing device, reduce the failure rate, lighten the overall weight, the gear ring 24 can be driven in a gear meshing mode, a motor for driving the gear ring to run can be arranged on the top surface of the mounting plate 1, a gear meshed with the gear ring 24 is arranged on the bottom surface of the mounting plate 1, the gear ring 24 can be driven by a rack, and the rack meshed with the gear ring 24 is controlled to reciprocate by a telescopic motor or an air cylinder so as to drive the gear ring 24 to swing reciprocally.
Further preferably, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the sliding plate 23 is provided with a hinge block 26 for hinging the tail end of the telescopic rod 25, and the hinge block 26 is reciprocally moved relative to the sliding plate 23 along the moving direction of the sliding plate 23, so as to adapt to different side lengths of rectangular pile foundations, and the hole repairing device can be used for repairing pile foundations with rectangular sections; when the sliding plate 23 corresponding to the short side is moved to the end of the corresponding guide rail 13 during construction, the gear ring 24 needs to be continuously swung to enable the sliding plate 23 on the long side to be moved to the end of the corresponding guide rail 13, and the gear ring 24 continuously swung tends to drive all the telescopic rods 25 to continuously swing; at this time, the sliding plate 23 on the short side can meet the swinging requirement of the corresponding telescopic rod 25 through the movement of the hinging block 26.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, a telescopic spring 27 is arranged between the hinge block 26 and the sliding plate 23 along the moving direction, so that the hinge block 26 can prevent the hinge block 26 from moving on the sliding plate 23 at will while having a reciprocating space, and the hinge block 26 has a buffer structure, and in general, the hardness of mud stones around pile foundations is not uniform, and when the cutterhead 21 encounters mud stones with harder textures, the telescopic spring 27 can be used for reducing the impact between the cutterhead 21 and the mud stones so as to prevent the cutterhead 21 from being damaged.
Preferably, the drill rod 3 is provided with illumination means and a camera for monitoring the position of the laser beam on the target 11.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 1, a storage hopper 15 is arranged below the mounting plate 1 and below the cutter head 21, and is used for collecting mud stones cleaned from the side wall of the pile foundation so as to reduce subsequent salvaging work.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 1 to 3 and 7, the middle part of the mounting plate 1 is vertically penetrated with a circular tube 16, the inside of the mounting plate 1 is provided with a lower spiral rod 17 penetrating through the circular tube for directly discharging mud stones from the storage hopper 15 or the bottom of a pile foundation, the inside of the mounting plate 3 is provided with an upper spiral rod 32 penetrating through the drill rod 3, the lower end of the mounting plate is connected with the upper end of the lower spiral rod 17, the lower spiral rod 17 is driven to rotate together by the upper spiral rod 32, mud stones in the storage hopper 15 can be discharged upwards, the repeated hole repairing device is prevented from being taken out of the pile foundation, the construction efficiency can be effectively improved, the circular tube 16 is connected with the drill rod 3 through a flexible corrugated tube 4, the drill rod 3 is connected with the circular tube 16 between the drill rod 3 and the upper spiral rod 32 and the lower spiral rod 17 in a swinging manner around an axis relatively so as to be convenient for rectifying and adjusting the mounting plate 1, the mounting plate 1 is connected with the drill rod 3 through a plurality of connecting springs 5, the mounting plate 1 and the drill rod 3 are provided with a space for relatively moving when the drill rods are mutually connected, the two can be relatively moved when rectifying and the drill rods are enabled to vibrate relatively when rectifying and the drill rod is clean, the mounting plate 1 can be relatively and vibrate and convenient for rapidly repairing the mud stones on the device.
More specifically, as shown in fig. 5 to 7, the top of the lower screw 17 is provided with a ball head 171, the outer wall of the ball head is provided with outer arc teeth 172 along the axis array, the overall outer contour of the outer arc teeth 172 is circular, the bottom of the upper screw 32 is provided with a connector 33, the inside of the ball head is provided with a hemispherical hole, the inner wall of the hemispherical hole is provided with inner arc teeth 331 along the circumference array, the ball head 171 is arranged in the hemispherical hole, the outer arc teeth 172 are meshed with the inner arc teeth 331, the torque transmission requirement can be met, meanwhile, the requirement of relative swinging between the upper screw 32 and the lower screw 17 around the axis can be met, the structure is compact, the occupied space is smaller relative to the connecting structure of a universal joint, the mud stone can conveniently pass through the circular tube 16 and the drill rod 3, and the connector 33 is in an upper section and lower section structure and is connected by adopting screws, so that the ball head 171 can be conveniently dismounted.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 4, the cutterhead 21 has a conical structure, the cone top of the cutterhead faces the middle of the mounting plate 1, and a plurality of raised strips 211 are arranged on the outer wall of the cutterhead 21, so as to conveniently and rapidly eliminate mud stones on the side wall of the pile foundation, and meanwhile, the eliminated mud stones are gathered towards the middle of the mounting plate 1, so as to conveniently collect the mud stones on a collecting tray arranged below the mounting plate 1, for example, a storage hopper 15 arranged below the mounting plate 1.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the application is merely exemplary and is not intended to be exhaustive or limiting of the application. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the application.

Claims (9)

1. The utility model provides a hole device is repaiied to rectangle pile foundation which characterized in that includes:
the mounting plate (1) is provided with a group of cutterheads (21) around each, and the cutterheads (21) are provided with independent driving motors (22); a target (11) is arranged on the top surface of the mounting plate (1), a baffle (12) is arranged above the mounting plate (1) corresponding to the cutterhead (21), and the baffle (12) is arranged in a moving way along the direction perpendicular to the inner wall of the rectangular pile foundation;
four guide rails (13) are arranged on the bottom surface of the mounting plate (1), the four guide rails (13) form a rectangular frame structure, sliding plates (23) are arranged on the guide rails (13), a driving motor (22) is arranged on one side of the sliding plates (23) facing the middle of the mounting plate (1), cutter discs (21) are positioned on the outer sides of the sliding plates (23), the sliding plates (23) slide back and forth along the corresponding guide rails (13) respectively, and are used for driving each cutter disc (21) to move back and forth along one side of a rectangle and respectively used for finishing four inner walls of a rectangular pile foundation;
the drilling rod (3), the lower extreme is connected in the middle part of mounting panel (1), and the outside of drilling rod (3) is equipped with laser emitter (31), and when laser beam that laser emitter (31) sent was located the middle part of target (11), it is straight line state to indicate to repair the hole direction.
2. Rectangular pile foundation hole repairing device according to claim 1, characterized in that the middle part of the bottom surface of the mounting plate (1) is provided with a gear ring (24) which is provided with four telescopic rods (25) along the circumferential array, the tail ends of the telescopic rods (25) are respectively hinged with four sliding plates (23), and the hinged axis is perpendicular to the mounting plate (1).
3. Rectangular pile foundation hole repair device according to claim 2, characterized in that the slide plate (23) is provided with a hinge block (26) for hinging the end of the telescopic rod (25), the hinge block (26) being arranged in a reciprocating manner relative to the slide plate (23) in the direction of movement of the slide plate (23).
4. A rectangular pile foundation hole repair device according to claim 3, characterized in that a telescopic spring (27) is arranged between the hinge block (26) and the slide plate (23) in the direction of movement.
5. Rectangular pile foundation hole trimming device according to claim 1, characterized in that the drill rod (3) is provided with lighting equipment and a camera.
6. Rectangular pile foundation hole repair device according to claim 1, characterized in that below the mounting plate (1) a storage hopper (15) is provided, which is located below the cutterhead (21).
7. Rectangular pile foundation hole repairing device according to claim 1, characterized in that the middle part of the mounting plate (1) is vertically penetrated with a circular tube (16), the inside of the mounting plate is provided with a lower spiral rod (17), the inside of the drill rod (3) is provided with an upper spiral rod (32), the lower end of the drill rod is connected with the upper end of the lower spiral rod (17), the circular tube (16) is connected with the drill rod (3) through a flexible corrugated tube (4), the drill rod (3) and the circular tube (16) and the upper spiral rod (32) and the lower spiral rod (17) are arranged in a swinging manner around an axis relatively, and the mounting plate (1) and the drill rod (3) are connected through a plurality of connecting springs (5).
8. Rectangular pile foundation hole repairing device according to claim 7, characterized in that the top of the lower screw rod (17) is provided with a ball head (171), the outer wall of the ball head is provided with outer arc teeth (172) along the axis array, the whole outer contour of the outer arc teeth (172) is circular, the bottom of the upper screw rod (32) is provided with a connector (33), the inside of the upper screw rod is provided with a hemispherical hole, the inner wall of the hemispherical hole is provided with inner arc teeth (331) along the circumference array, the ball head (171) is arranged in the hemispherical hole, and the outer arc teeth (172) are meshed with the inner arc teeth (331).
9. Rectangular pile foundation hole repairing device according to claim 1, characterized in that the cutter head (21) is of conical structure, the cone top of the cutter head faces the middle part of the mounting plate (1), and the outer wall of the cutter head (21) is provided with a plurality of raised strips (211).
CN202310985048.1A 2023-08-07 2023-08-07 Rectangular pile foundation hole repairing device Active CN116696231B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202310985048.1A CN116696231B (en) 2023-08-07 2023-08-07 Rectangular pile foundation hole repairing device

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202310985048.1A CN116696231B (en) 2023-08-07 2023-08-07 Rectangular pile foundation hole repairing device

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CN116696231A CN116696231A (en) 2023-09-05
CN116696231B true CN116696231B (en) 2023-11-07

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB416264A (en) * 1933-02-20 1934-09-13 Bess Lorena Reed Improvements in or relating to earth boring drills
RU2410521C1 (en) * 2009-09-30 2011-01-27 Федеральное государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Сибирский федеральный университет" (СФУ) Rock destruction tool
CN102947032A (en) * 2010-05-07 2013-02-27 奥贝里克斯控股有限公司 Undercutting tool
CN105569572A (en) * 2016-01-12 2016-05-11 深圳市工勘岩土集团有限公司 Square drill bit
CN207436063U (en) * 2017-11-10 2018-06-01 中铁隧道集团一处有限公司 Friction pile churning driven fast pore-creating edger
CN208203133U (en) * 2018-05-17 2018-12-07 福建建中建设科技股份有限公司 A kind of rotary digging cutter barrel brill
CN213743227U (en) * 2020-08-14 2021-07-20 和洪明 One-step forming excavation drill bit for shallow layer square foundation pit
CN213773320U (en) * 2020-11-27 2021-07-23 中铁十二局集团第一工程有限公司 Conical square hammer with edge foot
CN113431500A (en) * 2021-07-20 2021-09-24 西南交通建设集团股份有限公司 Square processing percussion bit
CN115748675A (en) * 2022-11-23 2023-03-07 成都倍特建筑安装工程有限公司 Long spiral bored pile construction method combined with laser tracking technology

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB416264A (en) * 1933-02-20 1934-09-13 Bess Lorena Reed Improvements in or relating to earth boring drills
RU2410521C1 (en) * 2009-09-30 2011-01-27 Федеральное государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Сибирский федеральный университет" (СФУ) Rock destruction tool
CN102947032A (en) * 2010-05-07 2013-02-27 奥贝里克斯控股有限公司 Undercutting tool
CN105569572A (en) * 2016-01-12 2016-05-11 深圳市工勘岩土集团有限公司 Square drill bit
CN207436063U (en) * 2017-11-10 2018-06-01 中铁隧道集团一处有限公司 Friction pile churning driven fast pore-creating edger
CN208203133U (en) * 2018-05-17 2018-12-07 福建建中建设科技股份有限公司 A kind of rotary digging cutter barrel brill
CN213743227U (en) * 2020-08-14 2021-07-20 和洪明 One-step forming excavation drill bit for shallow layer square foundation pit
CN213773320U (en) * 2020-11-27 2021-07-23 中铁十二局集团第一工程有限公司 Conical square hammer with edge foot
CN113431500A (en) * 2021-07-20 2021-09-24 西南交通建设集团股份有限公司 Square processing percussion bit
CN115748675A (en) * 2022-11-23 2023-03-07 成都倍特建筑安装工程有限公司 Long spiral bored pile construction method combined with laser tracking technology

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
传统人工挖孔与旋挖机结合方钻头挖孔的比较;成永良;董丽娜;宋宁;魏孔昱;;公路交通科技(应用技术版)(第12期);全文 *

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