Full-automatic container loading machine and loading method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to a full-automatic container loading machine and a loading method thereof, belonging to logistics loading equipment.
Background
At present, the box type truck has a structure which can only move to the interior of a carriage through a conveyor and then be placed manually or by using a manipulator, or by using a forklift to move to the interior of the carriage and then be placed by forking a tray.
The conveyor cooperates the manipulator, and the inefficiency of manipulator, current joint manipulator need space in the height, and box freight train is not suitable for. And finally, the goods are not suitable for loading with a large quantity of goods.
The pallet is suitable for forklift fork picking, the placing density is low, and for some bagged cargoes, the transportation efficiency is poor due to the low density.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a full-automatic container loader, which solves the problem of high-efficiency automatic loading in a small space of a truck.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention comprises the following steps:
The device comprises a double-layer telescopic conveyor at the rear end of a full-automatic container loader, an elastic buffer conveyor in the middle and a stacking trolley at the front end.
The double-layer telescopic conveyor comprises an upper layer fixed conveyor and a lower layer telescopic conveyor, wherein a rack of the upper layer conveyor is fixed on a conveyor rack, slide rail mechanisms are arranged on two sides of the rack of the lower layer conveyor, a slide rail part of the slide rail structure is fixed on the conveyor rack, the lower layer conveyor can slide back and forth along the slide rail mechanism, and the lower layer slides forward to form up-down staggered connection with the upper layer conveyor;
The unloading mechanical arm is arranged on a lifting platform of the stacking trolley and comprises a parallel mechanical arm and a steering unloading plate, a fixed platform of the parallel mechanical arm is arranged on the lifting platform, the steering unloading plate is arranged at a movable platform end of the parallel mechanical arm, unloading rollers which are transversely and longitudinally arranged are arranged on the steering unloading plate, and the unloading rollers are provided with unloading motors for driving the unloading rollers to rotate;
The front end of the elastic buffer conveyor is connected with the stripper plate, the rear end of the elastic buffer conveyor is connected with the lower layer conveyor of the double-layer conveyor, the elastic buffer conveyor comprises cross brackets at two sides and side-by-side conveying rollers at the top, the roller shafts of the conveying rollers are arranged at the top of the cross brackets, the cross brackets at the lower parts of each group of conveying rollers are connected front and back, and the distance between adjacent conveying rollers is prolonged when the cross brackets are reduced in height.
According to the full-automatic container loader, slide ways are arranged on two sides of a conveyor frame in the double-layer telescopic conveyor, sliding blocks are arranged on two sides of the conveyor frame of the lower-layer conveyor, the sliding blocks move the lower-layer conveyor in the slide ways to realize forward or sequential telescopic movement, the lower-layer conveyor is connected with a stacking trolley, and the lower-layer conveyor is pulled to stretch forward or backward when the stacking trolley moves.
According to the full-automatic container loader, the lifting frame is arranged on the chassis of the pallet truck, the lifting frame is a cross lifting mechanism and comprises scissors and lifting hydraulic cylinders for driving the scissors and the fork, which are symmetrically arranged, the top of the scissors and the fork is connected with the lifting table, and the bottom of the scissors and the fork is a lifting driving hydraulic cylinder.
According to the full-automatic container loader, the unloading mechanical arm is a three-degree-of-freedom parallel robot and comprises three groups of electric push rods and a group of telescopic guide rods, two groups of the three groups of electric push rods are located above, one group of electric push rods are located below, the front ends of the three groups of electric push rods are connected with a movable platform, the rear ends of the three groups of electric push rods are connected with a fixed platform through Hooke hinges, the fixed platform is fixed on a lifting table, and the movable platform is provided with the steering stripper plate.
According to the full-automatic container loader, the movable platform is divided into a hinged frame and a fixed bottom plate, the hinged frame is hinged to the fixed bottom plate, three groups of electric push rods are respectively hinged to the top and the bottom of the hinged frame, an angle adjusting hydraulic telescopic cylinder is arranged between the upper part of the hinged frame and the fixed bottom plate, and the angle between the hinged frame and the fixed bottom plate is adjusted by the angle adjusting hydraulic telescopic cylinder.
According to the full-automatic container loader, the fixed bottom plate is connected with the stripper plate through a rotating bearing, the rotating bearing is provided with a rotating motor for driving the stripper plate to horizontally swing around the fixed bottom plate, and the stripper plate is provided with a transverse and a longitudinal discharging rollers which are respectively driven.
According to the full-automatic container loader, a conveying connecting plate is arranged at the top of the fixed bottom plate and used for fixing the front end of the elastic buffer conveyor, the fixed platform is a rectangular frame, the rear ends of three groups of electric push rods of the three-degree-of-freedom parallel robot are connected to Hooke hinges in the rectangular frame, and the rear end of the elastic buffer conveyor is fixed to the top of the fixed platform.
According to the full-automatic container loader, a connecting conveyor is arranged between the top of the fixed platform and the lower layer conveyor of the telescopic conveyor, the front end of the connecting conveyor is hinged to the fixed platform, and the rear end of the connecting conveyor is hinged to the lower layer conveyor frame of the telescopic conveyor.
The loading method of the full-automatic container loader comprises the following steps,
1) The pallet truck moves to a loading position, and the lower layer conveyor of the telescopic conveyor is driven by the pallet truck to extend forwards to the loading position;
2) The lifting frame of the stacking trolley drives the three-degree-of-freedom parallel robot to lift to the stacking height;
2) The material falls to the lower layer conveyor through the upper layer conveyor of the telescopic conveyor and then falls to the elastic buffer conveyor, and the elastic buffer conveyor is conveyed to the stripper plate of the pallet truck;
3) The three-degree-of-freedom parallel robot on the stacking trolley drives the stripper plate to swing leftwards or rightwards to a stacking position, and the stripper plate rotates to a material swinging direction;
4) The discharging roller on the discharging plate rotates to drive the materials on the discharging plate to fall to the stacking and placing position;
5) And (3) repeating the steps 1-4 to realize automatic repeated palletizing and loading.
The device has the advantages that the parallel mechanical arm is driven to load by the movable stacking trolley, and compared with the joint mechanical arm, the device has high carrying stacking efficiency;
the parallel mechanical arm can swing left and right and lift, the loading space requirement is small, the rollers which are transversely and longitudinally arranged are arranged on the stripper plate at the front end and can be horizontally placed, the placing angle of goods can be adjusted, the parallel mechanical arm is suitable for various loading requirements in a truck, and the high-density loading requirement is met.
Drawings
Figure 1 is a loading diagram of the present invention,
Figure 2 is a loading diagram of the present invention,
Figure 3 is a block diagram of the pallet truck of the invention in one,
Figure 4 is a second block diagram of the pallet truck of the invention,
Figure 5 is a structural view of the diverter stripper of the present invention,
Figure 6 is a partial construction view of the diverter stripper of the present invention,
Reference numerals:
1. The pallet truck, 11, chassis, 12, moving wheel sets, 13, lifting frames, 14, lifting tables, 15, lifting driving hydraulic cylinders, 2, a discharging mechanical arm, 21, a movable platform end, 22, a fixed platform, 23, a parallel mechanical arm, 24, a steering stripper plate, 25, a telescopic guide rod, 26, a hinged frame, 27, a fixed bottom plate, 28 and a hook hinge, 29, a discharging roller, 3 elastic buffer conveyors, 31 cross supports, 32, conveying rollers, 33, roller shafts, 34, a height guide rod, 35, cross connecting rods, 4, a double-layer telescopic conveyor, 41, an upper-layer conveyor, 42, a lower-layer conveyor, 43, a slideway, 44, a sliding block and 45 conveyor frames, 5 and a connecting conveyor 6, and a truck 7 fix the goods on the platform 8.
Detailed Description
The specific structure of the present invention will be further described below:
the invention relates to a full-automatic loading machine for a container, which comprises a discharging mechanical arm at the front end, a stacking trolley, a spring buffer conveyor and a double-layer telescopic conveyor.
The following describes the components of the present invention in detail:
the double-layer telescopic conveyor 4 comprises a fixed upper-layer conveyor 41 and a telescopic lower-layer conveyor 42, a frame of the upper-layer conveyor 41 is fixed on a conveyor frame, slide rail mechanisms are arranged on two sides of the frame of the lower-layer conveyor 42, a slide rail part of the slide rail structure is fixed on the conveyor frame, the lower-layer conveyor 42 can slide back and forth along the slide rail mechanisms, and the lower-layer conveyor 42 slides forward to form up-down staggered connection with the upper-layer conveyor 41. The conveyor frame is arranged on a fixed platform, and the height of the fixed platform is consistent with the height of a carriage of a truck.
The bottom of the chassis 11 of the pallet truck 1 is provided with a movable wheel set 12, a lifting frame 13 and a lifting table 14 are arranged above the movable wheel set, the lifting table 14 is arranged on the lifting frame 13 to realize up-and-down lifting, and a discharging mechanical arm 2 and a spring buffer conveyor are arranged above the lifting table 14. The movable wheel group can drive the pallet truck to move forwards or backwards so as to reach the pallet loading and stacking position. The pallet truck 1 moves between the fixed platform and the truck. When no truck is available, the truck is retracted onto the fixed platform, and when the truck is available, the truck is advanced into the truck carriage.
The unloading mechanical arm 2 is arranged on the lifting platform 14 of the pallet truck 1 and comprises a parallel mechanical arm 23 and a steering unloading plate 24, a fixed platform 22 of the parallel mechanical arm 23 is arranged on the lifting platform 14, the steering unloading plate 24 is arranged at the movable platform end 21 of the parallel mechanical arm 23, the steering unloading plate 24 is provided with unloading rollers which are transversely and longitudinally arranged, and the unloading rollers are provided with unloading motors for driving rotation. The unloading mechanical arm 2 receives cargoes, and then unloads after adjusting the angle, so that the stacking and placing process is realized.
The front end of the elastic buffer conveyor 3 is connected with a stripper plate, the rear end is connected with a lower layer conveyor 42 of the double-layer conveyor, the lower layer conveyor comprises cross brackets 31 at two sides and side-by-side conveying rollers 32 at the top, roller shafts 33 of the conveying rollers 32 are arranged at the top of the cross brackets 31, the cross brackets 31 at the lower part of each group of conveying rollers 32 are connected front and back, and the distance between adjacent conveying rollers 32 is prolonged when the cross brackets 31 are lowered.
Specifically, slide ways are arranged on two sides of a conveyor frame in the double-layer telescopic conveyor 4, sliding blocks are arranged on two sides of a frame of the lower-layer conveyor 42, the sliding blocks move the lower-layer conveyor 42 in the slide ways to realize forward or sequential telescopic movement, the lower-layer conveyor 42 is connected with the pallet truck 1, and the lower-layer conveyor 42 is pulled to stretch forward or backward when the pallet truck 1 moves.
Furthermore, the lifting frame 13 is arranged on the chassis 11 of the pallet truck 1, the lifting frame 13 is a scissor fork lifting mechanism, and comprises a scissor fork and a lifting driving hydraulic cylinder for driving the scissor fork, which are symmetrically arranged, the top of the scissor fork is connected with the lifting table 14, and the bottom of the scissor fork is provided with the lifting driving hydraulic cylinder 15.
In the invention, the unloading mechanical arm is a three-degree-of-freedom parallel robot, 3UPS-UPU represents a Hooke hinge and has two rotational degrees of freedom, P represents a moving pair and has one rotational degree of freedom, and S represents a spherical hinge and has a three rotational degree of freedom structure. With two rotational and one translational degrees of freedom, rotational about X and Y, and translational degrees of freedom in the Z direction. The three-degree-of-freedom parallel robot is specifically configured as three groups of parallel mechanical arms 23 and a group of telescopic guide rods 25, two groups of three groups of electric push rods are located above, one group of three groups of electric push rods are located below, the front ends of the three groups of electric push rods are connected with a movable platform end, the rear ends of the three groups of electric push rods are connected with a fixed platform 22 through a hook hinge 28, the fixed platform 22 is fixed on the lifting platform 14, and the movable platform end is provided with the steering stripper plate 24.
The movable platform end is divided into a hinged frame 26 and a fixed bottom plate 27, the hinged frame 26 is hinged to the fixed bottom plate 27, three groups of electric push rods are respectively hinged to the top and the bottom of the hinged frame 26, an angle adjusting hydraulic telescopic cylinder is arranged between the upper portion of the hinged frame 26 and the fixed bottom plate 27, and the angle between the hinged frame 26 and the fixed bottom plate 27 is adjusted by telescopic of the angle adjusting hydraulic telescopic cylinder.
The fixed bottom plate 27 is connected with the stripper plate through a rotary bearing, the rotary bearing is provided with a rotary motor for driving the stripper plate to horizontally swing around the fixed bottom plate 27, and the stripper plate is provided with a transverse and a longitudinal discharging rollers which are respectively driven between the transverse discharging rollers and the longitudinal discharging rollers.
The top of the fixed bottom plate 27 is provided with a conveying joint plate, the conveying joint plate is used for fixing the front end of the elastic buffer conveyor 3, the fixed platform 22 is a rectangular frame, the rear ends of three groups of electric push rods of the three-degree-of-freedom parallel robot are connected with Hooke hinges 28 in the rectangular frame, and the rear end of the elastic buffer conveyor 3 is fixed at the top of the fixed platform 22.
A connecting conveyor 5 is arranged between the top of a fixed platform 22 and a lower layer conveyor 42 of a telescopic conveyor, the front end of the connecting conveyor 5 is hinged to the fixed platform 22, and the rear end of the connecting conveyor 5 is hinged to a frame of the lower layer conveyor 42 of the telescopic conveyor. The connecting conveyor 5 moves along with the pallet truck to drive the rear lower layer conveyor to move forward. Simultaneously, the front end of the connecting conveyor 5 ascends and descends synchronously with the lifting platform so as to form material conveying connection with the front elastic buffer conveyor.
Describing the operation of the present invention in detail, the loading method of the full-automatic container loader of the present invention comprises the following steps,
1) The pallet truck 1 moves to a loading position in the truck, and a lower layer conveyor 42 of the telescopic conveyor extends forwards to the loading position under the drive of the pallet truck 1;
2) The lifting frame 13 of the stacking trolley 1 drives the three-degree-of-freedom parallel robot to lift to the stacking height;
2) The materials fall to the lower layer conveyor 42 through the upper layer conveyor 41 of the telescopic conveyor and then fall to the elastic buffer conveyor 3, and the elastic buffer conveyor 3 is conveyed to the stripper plate of the stacking trolley 1;
3) The three-degree-of-freedom parallel robot on the stacking trolley 1 drives the stripper plate to swing leftwards or rightwards to a stacking position, and the stripper plate rotates to a material swinging direction;
4) The discharging roller on the discharging plate rotates to drive the materials on the discharging plate to fall to the stacking and placing position;
5) And (3) repeating the steps 1-4 to realize automatic repeated palletizing and loading.
The device drives the parallel mechanical arm to load by moving the stacking trolley, has high carrying stacking efficiency compared with the joint mechanical arm, realizes deep transport into a wagon box from high to low through the telescopic conveyor, can reduce equipment space required by lifting goods, can swing left and right and lift the parallel mechanical arm, has small loading space requirement, is provided with the rollers which are transversely and longitudinally arranged on the stripper plate at the front end and can be horizontally placed, can adjust the placing angle of the goods, is suitable for various loading requirements in the wagon, and meets the high-density loading requirement.