CN116604106A - Machining method and machining tool for finish machining of stepped hole - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a machining method and a machining tool for step hole finishing. The machining method includes pre-processing preparation, preliminary machining, fixing a workpiece, assembling the tool, finishing and disassembling the tool. Adopting the processing method and processing tool described in the present invention, using a detachable combined reamer, respectively processing two stepped holes with different apertures through a small reamer and a large reamer, can reduce the preparation auxiliary time before processing, and do not need to use a special Fixtures do not occupy device resources. By processing two stepped holes at the same time, it can not only meet the coaxiality requirements of the stepped holes, improve its dimensional accuracy, but also prevent the tool from scratching the processed surface, which greatly improves the processing efficiency and effectively reduces the The processing cost is low, the structure is simple, the operation is convenient, and it is suitable for popularization and application.

Description

A processing method and processing tool for step hole finishing

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of mechanical processing, in particular to a processing method and a processing tool for step hole finishing.

Background technique

The stepped hole is a very common mechanical structure set on the workpiece, which is often used to cooperate with other equipment or mechanical structures to achieve certain mechanical functions. The workpiece shown in Figure 1 is a precision part used for aircraft. In the two connecting pieces, two stepped holes with different diameters, large and small, need to be processed on the same axis. For the processing of this type of stepped hole, the rough In the processing stage, it can be obtained by turning or milling the workpiece with tools of different diameters.

The workpiece shown in Figure 1 has relatively high requirements for the coaxiality, surface quality and dimensional tolerance accuracy between the two stepped holes. After rough machining, finishing machining is required. During the finishing process, according to the actual Some conventional processing methods require boring machines or CNC milling machines, or other finishing equipment, which require precise positioning and effective clamping and installation of the workpiece, and there are the following problems: First, for mass production, special fixtures are required , but for single-piece or small-scale production, complex assembly is required, resulting in a long preparation time before processing; second, during the processing, it is necessary to align the tool with the center of the positioning hole. During the operation, it generally requires skilled It can be seen that the coaxiality of the processed parts cannot meet the requirements of use if the existing finishing method is adopted. In addition, for the finishing of the stepped hole, in order to meet the requirements of coaxiality, if two existing tools with different diameters are used for processing, although the problem of coaxiality can be guaranteed, since the tool is fixed as an integral structure, when the machining is completed Finally, in the process of returning and retracting the knife, the edge of the knife is easy to scratch the machined surface, which affects the accuracy of the product, and finally leads to the processing quality of the obtained stepped hole not meeting the requirements for use.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method and a machining tool capable of finishing two stepped holes at the same time for the problems existing in the background technology. Auxiliary time for preparation before, through one-time processing, not only can meet the requirements of coaxiality, but also improve its dimensional accuracy, avoiding the problem of scratching of the processed surface by the tool. In addition, by processing two stepped holes at the same time, The processing efficiency can be greatly improved, and the processing cost can be effectively reduced. Specifically, it is a processing method and a processing tool for step hole finishing.

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a processing method for step hole finishing, characterized in that, the processing method includes pre-processing preparation, preliminary processing, fixing workpieces, assembling tools, finishing Machining and dismantling of tools includes the following steps:

(1) Preparation before processing: provide the workpiece and the processing tool, the processing tool includes a combined reamer and a hinge bar, the combined reamer and the hinge bar are detachably connected, wherein the combined reamer includes A small reamer, a large reamer and an operating handle, the small reamer, the large reamer and the operating handle are sequentially connected to form a detachable connection structure arranged on the coaxial line, and the combined reamer is connected to the operating handle connected by hinges;

(2) Preliminary processing: After the provided workpiece is fixed, in the two connecting pieces in the workpiece, two coaxially arranged first through holes and second through holes are processed in advance by using the existing method, wherein The diameter of the first through hole is larger than the diameter of the second through hole, and a coaxially arranged stepped hole structure is formed between the first through hole and the second through hole;

(3) Fix the workpiece: fix the processed workpiece with the first through hole and the second through hole on the machine tool or vise, and the first through hole with a large aperture is required to be arranged upward;

(4) Assembling the tool: First insert the lower ends of the small reamer and the large reamer into the corresponding second through hole and the first through hole respectively, then connect and fix the small reamer and the large reamer, and then operate the handle It is connected and fixed with the large reamer, and finally connected with the operating handle through the reamer, and the combined reamer that is connected as one is required to be arranged coaxially;

(5) Finishing: Use the existing power device or use both hands to turn the reamer, and use the reamer to rotate the combined reamer, so that the combined reamer moves down during the rotation, and passes through the blades of the small reamer and the large reamer. The second through hole and the first through hole can be finished, and the dimensional accuracy and roughness can meet the requirements;

(6) Removing the tool: After the processing is completed, in order to prevent the blades of the small reamer and the large reamer from returning upward and scratching the processing surface, first disassemble the small reamer and the large reamer from bottom to top.

Furthermore, the processing method of the present invention is adopted, wherein the geometric angles of the blades of the small reamer and the large reamer are the same.

The present invention also discloses a processing tool for finishing the above-mentioned stepped hole, the processing tool includes a combination reamer and a reamer bar, a connecting hole is arranged in the middle of the reamer bar, wherein the combination reamer includes There are a small reamer, a large reamer and an operating handle, the upper end of the small reamer is detachably connected to the lower end of the large reamer, and the upper end of the large reamer is detachably connected to the operating handle. The top of the operating knife handle is provided with a connecting column corresponding to the connecting hole, and the operating knife handle is inserted into the connecting hole in the hinge bar through the connecting column to form a detachable connection structure between the combined reamer and the hinge bar; The combined reamer is sequentially connected through the small reamer, the large reamer and the operating knife handle to form a detachable connection structure arranged on a coaxial line.

Further, using the processing tool according to the present invention, the small reamer includes a small cutter body and a first quick-loading and detachable connecting block, a small guide post and a small blade portion are arranged on the small cutter body, and a small blade is provided on the small blade. A small guide column is respectively arranged on both sides of the part, and the first quick-loading and dismounting connecting block is located on the small cutter body above the upper small guiding column; the small reamer is connected with the large reamer through the first quick-loading and detaching connecting block.

Furthermore, the processing tool according to the present invention is adopted, wherein the outer diameter of the small guide post is smaller than the outer diameter of the small blade part, and the small guide post, the small blade part and the small cutter body are integrally formed.

Further, using the processing tool according to the present invention, the large reamer includes a large cutter body and a second quick-loading and detachable connecting block, a large guide post and a large blade part are arranged on the large cutter body, and the large guide post Located above the large blade, the large knife body below the large blade is provided with a first fast loading and unloading slot corresponding to the first fast loading and unloading connecting block, and the small reamer is inserted into the first fast loading and unloading connecting block through the first fast loading and unloading connecting block. In the fast loading and unloading slot, the detachable connection between the small reamer and the large reamer is realized; the second fast loading and unloading connecting block is located on the large cutter body above the large guide column, and the large reamer is connected through the second fast loading and unloading The connecting block is connected with the operating handle.

Further, the processing tool according to the present invention is adopted, wherein the outer diameter of the large guide post is smaller than the outer diameter of the large blade part, and the large guide post, the large blade part and the large cutter body are integrally formed.

Further, the processing tool according to the present invention is adopted, wherein the geometric angles of the small blade part in the small reamer and the large blade part in the large reamer include a main deflection angle, a rake angle and a rear angle, and the main deflection angle Angle, rake angle and rear angle are the same respectively.

Further, using the processing tool according to the present invention, the operating tool handle is arranged in a cylindrical structure, and a second quick loading and unloading slot corresponding to the second quick loading and unloading connecting block is provided at the bottom of the operating knife handle, The large reamer is inserted into the second fast loading and unloading slot through the second fast loading and unloading connecting block, so as to realize the detachable connection between the large reamer and the operating knife handle; Corresponding to the card slot, the connecting column is welded with the operating knife handle through the card slot as an integral structure, and the operating knife handle is connected to the hinge bar through the connecting column.

Further, using the processing tool according to the present invention, the hinge bar is arranged in a cuboid plate-like structure, a connecting hole in a square structure is arranged in the middle of the hinge bar, and the connecting column in the operating knife handle is arranged in a shape similar to that of a rectangular parallelepiped. The connecting hole has a matching square structure, and the operating knife handle is inserted into the connecting hole through a connecting column to realize the detachable connection between the operating knife handle and the hinge bar.

Compared with the prior art, the processing method and processing tool for step hole finishing according to the present invention have the beneficial effect that: use the detachable combined reamer to process two parts respectively through the small reamer and the large reamer. Stepped holes with different diameters can reduce the auxiliary preparation time before processing, do not need to use special fixtures, and do not occupy equipment resources. By processing two stepped holes at the same time, it can not only meet the coaxiality requirements of the stepped holes, improve its dimensional accuracy, but also prevent the tool from scratching the processed surface, which greatly improves the processing efficiency and effectively reduces the The processing cost is low, the structure is simple, the operation is convenient, and it is suitable for popularization and application.

Description of drawings

The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of workpiece to be processed;

Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the combination reamer described in the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the combined reamer described in Fig. 2 before assembly;

Fig. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of the hinge bar in the present invention.

As shown in the figure: 1- small reamer, 11- small blade part, 12- small guide column, 13- the first fast loading and unloading connecting block, 2- large reamer, 21- large blade part, 22- large guide column, 23-the first fast loading and unloading slot, 24-the second fast loading and unloading connecting block, 3-operation knife handle, 31-connecting column, 32-the second fast loading and unloading slot, 4-hinge bar, 41-connection hole.

Implementation

In order to further illustrate the concept of the present invention, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

The workpiece shown in Figure 1, as a shaft precision connector for aircraft, needs to process two large and small stepped holes with different diameters on the same axis in the two connecting pieces. For the processing of this type of stepped hole, In the rough machining stage, two tools with different diameters can be used for machining. In order to meet the precision, finishing treatment is required. However, the existing machining method not only takes a long time, but also easily leads to inconsistent machining accuracy, which cannot meet the requirements of the application. Requirements, in order to make the large and small stepped holes with different diameters meet the requirements of use, so as to provide a different processing tool to meet the processing requirements.

As shown in Figures 2 to 4, the present invention provides a machining tool for the finishing of stepped holes, the machining tool includes a combined reamer and a hinge bar 4, and a connecting hole is provided in the middle of the hinge bar 4 41, wherein the combined reamer includes a small reamer 1, a large reamer 2 and an operating handle 3, the upper end of the small reamer 1 is detachably connected to the lower end of the large reamer 2, and the large reamer The upper end of the reamer 2 is detachably connected to the operating knife handle 3, and the top of the operating knife handle 3 is provided with a connecting column 31 corresponding to the connecting hole 41, and the operating knife handle 3 is inserted through the connecting column 31. In the connection hole 41 in the hinge bar 4, a detachable connection structure between the combined reamer and the hinge bar 4 is formed; Detachable connection structure arranged by coaxial line.

Further, the processing tool according to the present invention is adopted, wherein the small reamer 1 includes a small cutter body and a first quick-loading connecting block 13, and a small guide post 12 and a small blade portion 11 are arranged on the small cutter body , a small guide column 12 is respectively arranged on both sides of the small blade part 11, and the first quick-loading and dismounting connecting block 13 is located on the small knife body above the small guide column 12 on the upper part; the small reamer 1 passes through the first Quick loading and unloading connecting block 13 is connected with big reamer 2.

The large reamer 2 includes a large cutter body and a second fast loading and unloading connecting block 24, a large guide post 22 and a large blade portion 21 are arranged on the large cutter body, and the large guide post 22 is located above the large blade portion 21. , the large cutter body located below the large blade portion 21 is provided with a first fast detachable slot 23 corresponding to the first fast detachable connecting block 13, and the small reamer 1 is inserted into the first fast detachable connecting block 13 through the first fast detachable connecting block 13. In the fast loading and unloading slot 23, the detachable connection between the small reamer 1 and the large reamer 2 is realized; the second fast loading and unloading connection block 24 is located on the large cutter body above the large guide column 22, and the large reamer 2 is connected with the operating knife handle 3 through the second quick detachable connecting block 24.

The operating knife handle 3 is arranged in a cylindrical structure, and a second quick loading and unloading slot 32 corresponding to the second quick loading and unloading connecting block 24 is provided at the bottom of the operating knife handle 3, and the large reamer 2 passes through the first The second fast loading and unloading connecting block 24 is inserted into the second fast loading and unloading slot 32 to realize the detachable connection between the large reamer 2 and the operating knife handle 3; The connecting column 31 is integrally welded with the operating handle 3 through the engaging slot, and the operating handle 3 is connected to the hinge bar 4 through the connecting column 31 .

The hinge bar 4 is arranged in a cuboid plate-like structure, and a connecting hole 41 of a square structure is arranged in the middle of the hinge bar 4 , and the connecting column 31 in the operating knife handle 3 is arranged to match the connecting hole 41 The operating knife handle 3 is inserted into the connecting hole 41 through the connecting column 31 to realize the detachable connection between the operating knife handle 3 and the hinge bar 4 .

Further, the processing tool according to the present invention is adopted, wherein the outer diameter of the small guide column 12 is smaller than the outer diameter of the small blade part 11, and the distance between the small guide post 12, the small blade part 11 and the small knife body is An integrally formed structure; and the outer diameter of the large guide post 22 is smaller than the outer diameter of the large blade part 21, and the large guide post 22, the large blade part 21 and the large knife body are integrally formed.

Further, using the processing tool according to the present invention, wherein the geometric angles of the small blade portion 11 in the small reamer 1 and the large blade portion 21 in the large reamer 2 include a main declination angle, a rake angle and a relief angle, The entering angle, rake angle and relief angle are respectively the same.

The present invention also discloses a processing method using the processing tool for step hole finishing, the processing method includes pre-processing preparation, preliminary processing, fixing the workpiece, assembling the tool, finishing and disassembling the tool, specifically including the following steps :

(1) Preparation before processing: provide the workpiece and the processing tool, the processing tool includes a combined reamer and a hinge bar 4, which is detachably connected between the combined reamer and the hinge bar 4, wherein the combined reamer It includes a small reamer 1, a large reamer 2 and an operating handle 3, the small reamer 1, the large reamer 2 and the operating handle 3 are sequentially connected to form a detachable connection structure arranged on a coaxial line. The combination reamer is connected with the hinge bar 4 through the operation tool handle 3;

(2) Preliminary processing: After the provided workpiece is fixed, in the two connecting pieces in the workpiece, two coaxially arranged first through holes and second through holes are processed in advance by using the existing method, wherein The aperture D of the first through hole is larger than the aperture d of the second through hole, and a coaxially arranged stepped hole structure is formed between the first through hole and the second through hole;

(3) Fix the workpiece: fix the processed workpiece with the first through hole and the second through hole on the machine tool or vise, and the first through hole with a large aperture is required to be arranged upward;

(4) Assembling the tool: first insert the lower ends of the small reamer 1 and the large reamer 2 into the corresponding second through hole and the first through hole respectively, then connect and fix the small reamer 1 and the large reamer 2, and then The large reamer 2 is connected and fixed by the operating knife handle 3, and finally connected to the operating knife handle 3 by the hinge bar 4, and the coaxial arrangement of the combined reamer required to be connected as one;

(5) Finishing: Use the existing power device or use both hands to turn the hinge bar 4, use the hinge bar 4 to rotate the combined reamer, so that the combined reamer moves down during the rotation, and passes through the small reamer 1 and the large reamer 2 The second through hole and the first through hole can be finished on the edge of the blade, and the dimensional accuracy and roughness can meet the requirements;

(6) Disassemble the tool: After the processing is completed, in order to prevent the blades of the small reamer 1 and the large reamer 2 from returning upward and scratching the processing surface, first disassemble the small reamer 1 and the large reamer 2 from bottom to top. .

Other non-exhaustive details of the present invention are conventional techniques known to those skilled in the art.

Adopt processing tool described in the present invention, because processing tool is made up of combined reamer and reamer bar 4, and described combined reamer includes small reamer 1, large reamer 2 and operating knife handle 3, described combined reamer The small reamer 1, the large reamer 2 and the operating knife handle 3 are sequentially connected to form a detachable connection structure arranged on a coaxial line. Using the detachable combined reamer, the small reamer 1 and the large reamer 2 are used to process two stepped holes with different apertures respectively, which can reduce the auxiliary time for preparation before processing, does not need to use special fixtures, and does not occupy equipment resources.

It can be seen that, by using the processing method and the processing tool described in the present invention, by simultaneously processing two stepped holes, not only can the coaxiality requirements of the stepped holes be met, but the dimensional accuracy can be improved, and the tool can also avoid the impact of the tool on the processed The problem of scratches on the processing surface greatly improves the processing efficiency and effectively reduces the processing cost. It has a simple structure and convenient operation, and is suitable for popularization and application.

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, there can be various modifications and changes, and any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made by the present invention , should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The machining method for the finish machining of the stepped hole is characterized by comprising the steps of preparing before machining, performing initial machining, fixing a machined part, assembling a cutter, finishing and disassembling the cutter, and specifically comprises the following steps of:

(1) Preparation before processing: providing a machined part and a machining tool, wherein the machining tool comprises a combined reamer and a hinged bar, the combined reamer and the hinged bar are detachably connected, the combined reamer comprises a small reamer, a large reamer and an operation knife handle, the small reamer, the large reamer and the operation knife handle are sequentially connected to form a detachable connecting structure which is coaxially arranged, and the combined reamer is connected with the hinged bar through the operation knife handle;

(2) And (3) primary processing: after the provided workpiece is fixed, in two connecting sheets in the workpiece, a first through hole and a second through hole which are coaxially arranged are processed in advance by adopting the prior method, wherein the aperture of the first through hole is larger than that of the second through hole, and a stepped hole structure which is coaxially arranged is formed between the first through hole and the second through hole;

(3) Fixing a workpiece: fixing the machined parts with the first through holes and the second through holes on a machine tool or a vice, wherein the first through holes with large apertures are required to be arranged upwards;

(4) Assembling a cutter: the lower ends of the small reamer and the large reamer are respectively inserted into the corresponding second through hole and the first through hole, then the small reamer and the large reamer are fixedly connected through the operation handle, and finally the small reamer and the large reamer are connected with the operation handle through the hinge rod, so that the combined reamer which is required to be integrally connected is coaxially arranged;

(5) And (3) finishing: the existing power device or two hands are used for rotating the reamer, the reamer is rotated by the reamer to enable the reamer to move downwards in the rotating process, and the second through hole and the first through hole can be finished through the cutting edge parts of the small reamer and the large reamer until the size precision and the roughness meet the requirements;

(6) Disassembling the cutter: after the processing is finished, in order to prevent the cutting edge parts in the small reamer and the large reamer from upwards returning to scratch the processing surface, the small reamer and the large reamer are detached from bottom to top respectively.

2. The method for finishing the stepped hole according to claim 1, wherein: the geometric angles of the edge parts of the small reamer and the large reamer are the same.

3. A machining tool for use in the machining method of claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the processing cutter comprises a combined reamer and a reaming bar, wherein a connecting hole is formed in the middle of the reaming bar, the combined reamer comprises a small reamer, a large reamer and an operation cutter handle, the upper end of the small reamer is detachably connected with the lower end of the large reamer, the upper end of the large reamer is detachably connected with the operation cutter handle, a connecting column corresponding to the connecting hole is arranged at the top of the operation cutter handle, and the operation cutter handle is inserted into the connecting hole in the reaming bar through the connecting column to form a detachable connecting structure between the combined reamer and the reaming bar; the combined reamer is sequentially connected with the small reamer, the large reamer and the operating knife handle to form a detachable connecting structure which is coaxially arranged.

4. A machining tool according to claim 3, wherein: the reamer comprises a reamer body and a first quick-assembling and disassembling connecting block, wherein the reamer body is provided with a small guide post and a small blade part 11, two sides of the small blade part 11 are respectively provided with a small guide post, and the first quick-assembling and disassembling connecting block is positioned on the reamer body above the small guide post at the upper part; the small reamer is connected with the large reamer through a first quick assembling and disassembling connecting block.

5. The machining tool according to claim 4, wherein: the external diameter of the small guide post is smaller than that of the small blade part 11, and the small guide post, the small blade part 11 and the small cutter body are of an integrated structure.

6. The machining tool according to claim 4, wherein: the large reamer comprises a large cutter body and a second quick-assembling and disassembling connecting block, the large cutter body is provided with a large guide post and a large cutting edge part, the large guide post is positioned above the large cutting edge part, the large cutter body positioned below the large cutting edge part is provided with a first quick-assembling and disassembling slot corresponding to the first quick-assembling and disassembling connecting block, and the small reamer is inserted into the first quick-assembling and disassembling slot through the first quick-assembling and disassembling connecting block to realize detachable connection between the small reamer and the large reamer; the second quick loading and unloading connecting block is located on the large cutter body above the large guide post, and the large reamer is connected with the operation cutter handle through the second quick loading and unloading connecting block.

7. The machining tool according to claim 6, wherein: the outer diameter of the large guide post is smaller than that of the large blade part, and the large guide post, the large blade part and the large cutter body are of an integrated structure.

8. The machining tool according to claim 6, wherein: the geometric angles of the small blade part in the small reamer and the large blade part in the large reamer comprise a principal deflection angle, a front angle and a rear angle, and the principal deflection angle, the front angle and the rear angle are respectively the same.

9. The machining tool according to claim 6, wherein: the large reamer is inserted into the second quick-assembling and disassembling slot through the second quick-assembling and disassembling connecting block, so that the large reamer is detachably connected with the operation tool handle; the operation handle is provided with a clamping groove corresponding to the connecting column, the connecting column is welded with the operation handle into an integrated structure through the clamping groove, and the operation handle is connected with the hinge rod through the connecting column.

10. The machining tool according to claim 9, wherein: the hinge setting is cuboid platy structure the hinge middle part is equipped with the connecting hole that is square structure, spliced pole setting in the operation handle of a knife be with connecting hole assorted square structure, the operation handle of a knife passes through the spliced pole and inserts in the connecting hole, realizes can dismantle between operation handle of a knife and the hinge and be connected.