CN116586901A - A Machining Technology for Machining Large Holes at Shaft Ends - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a machining process for machining large holes at shaft ends, and relates to the technical field of machining devices. The process of processing the large hole at the shaft end, the processing object of the process of processing the large hole at the shaft end includes a base plate, one end of the base plate is fixedly connected with a shaft end hole, the inside of the shaft end hole is provided with a thread groove, and the inside of the thread groove There is a threaded screw for rotating connection, and a knob is fixedly connected to one side of the threaded screw; the required size between the bottom plate and the shaft end hole can be changed according to the drawing; the threaded screw and the shaft end hole can be freely replaced according to the drawing, according to The principle of threaded screws and nuts is to process the screw according to the size of the threaded hole, tighten the processed screw to the threaded hole, and re-drill the center hole on the screw to achieve the same process as the ordinary version of the roller, so that the processing of the threaded screw is shortened. The construction period required for its production is reduced, while cost is saved, and rework costs caused by large shaft runout and ellipse are eliminated.

Description

A Machining Technology for Machining Large Holes at Shaft Ends

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of processing devices, in particular to a large hole processing technology for processing shaft ends.

Background technique

Shaft parts often contain shaft shoulders, journal steps, or shaft end holes, among which steel balls can be built into the shaft end holes. When processing such shaft end holes, the outer peripheral edge of the shaft end hole is required to be chamfered. This kind of shaft The processing dimensions of end holes and chamfers generally require tolerances within ±0.05, so precise control and processing dimensions have become a major difficulty.

During the processing of the plate roller, the ordinary 5# top cannot stand up, and the umbrella-shaped top will appear jumping, ellipse, etc. after processing. It manifests in the following situations:

1. Large runout: Because the umbrella-shaped top is a live top, the runout of the top itself is 0.01-0.02mm. After the top plate roller hole is processed, the plate roll runout is 0.01-0.02mm, but the customer requires the plate roll runout to be <0.01mm. The processing technology does not meet the customer's requirements;

2. Ellipse: Because the umbrella-shaped top is a live top, and the interior is driven by a bearing, the bearing will heat up after the plate roller rotates for a long time in the grinding machine, resulting in an ellipse after the plate roller is ground.

Contents of the invention

Technical issues resolved

Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a process for processing large holes at the end of the shaft, which solves the problem that the ordinary 5# top cannot stand up during the processing of the plate roll, and jumping, ellipse, etc. occur after the umbrella-shaped top is processed. It manifests in the following situations:

1. Large runout: Because the umbrella-shaped top is a live top, the runout of the top itself is 0.01-0.02mm. After the top plate roller hole is processed, the plate roll runout is 0.01-0.02mm, but the customer requires the plate roll runout to be <0.01mm. The processing technology does not meet the customer's requirements;

2. Oval: Because the umbrella-shaped top is a live top, and the interior is driven by a bearing, the bearing will heat up after the plate roller is rotated for a long time during the grinding machine, resulting in an ellipse problem after the plate roller is ground.

Technical solutions

In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: a large hole machining process for the shaft end, including a bottom plate, one side of the bottom plate is fixedly connected with a shaft end hole, and the inside of the shaft end hole is provided with A threaded groove, the inside of the threaded groove is rotatably connected with a threaded screw, and one end of the threaded screw is fixedly connected with a knob;

The required size between the bottom plate and the shaft end hole can be changed according to the drawing;

The threaded screw and the shaft end hole can be replaced at will according to the drawings.

The machining process of the large hole at the shaft end is as follows:

Step 1: Make the shaft end:

Check the size requirements of the shaft end hole by checking the drawing and turn it out through the machine tool;

Step 2: Processing:

As required by the installation drawings, process the hole inside the shaft end hole to meet the required size;

Step 3: Make the thread:

When the bottom plate and the shaft end hole are finished, process the thread tooling inside the shaft end hole by using 45# round steel;

Step 4: Assembly:

Enter the inside of the shaft end hole through the threaded screw, cooperate with the threaded screw through the threaded groove, and turn the knob so that the threaded screw is tightened inside the shaft end hole;

Step five: final processing:

When the threaded screw enters the inside of the shaft end hole and is tightened, put the bottom plate on the machine tool and use a B4 center drill to re-drill the center hole. When the hole is completed, put it into the grinding machine or CNC machining layout, and align it according to the required size of the drawing. The threaded screw is machined to the required size.

Preferably, the material of the shaft end hole is high-quality carbon steel 35, 45, 50, 45 and 40Cr steel. For steel with less load or less important, Q235 or Q275 ordinary carbon steel is also commonly used. The force is large, the size and weight of the shaft end hole are limited, and there are some special requirements, alloy steel can be used, commonly used are 40Cr, 40MnB, 40CrNi, the material of the shaft end hole is mainly carbon steel and alloy steel, and the shaft end hole is mainly made of carbon steel and alloy steel. Most of the blanks for the end holes are rolled round steel and forgings.

Preferably, when the threaded screw is drilled on a drilling machine, it is easy to cause the axis of the hole to deviate and not be straight, but there is no significant change in the diameter of the hole; when drilling on a lathe, it is easy to cause a change in the diameter of the hole, but the axis of the hole is still straight , Therefore, the end face should be processed before drilling, and a cone pit should be pre-drilled with a drill bit or a center drill to facilitate the centering of the drill bit. Drilling is carried out by rotating the workpiece.

Preferably, when the threaded screw is drilled, when the drilled hole diameter d > 30mm, the drilling is performed twice, the first time (0.5 ~ 0.7) d is drilled, and the second time is drilled to the required aperture, Since the chisel edge does not participate in cutting for the second time, a larger feed rate can be used to improve the surface quality and productivity of the hole.

Preferably, the processing cutter for processing the threaded screw has: 1. Milling cutter: used for milling the surface of the shaft workpiece to obtain the required size and shape, 2. Thread cutter: used for cutting threads on the shaft workpiece to obtain the required thread size and shape, 3. Broach: used to cut the broach on the shaft workpiece to obtain the required broach size and shape, 4. Saw knife: used to cut the broach on the shaft workpiece Cutting the saw blade to obtain the required size and shape of the saw blade, 5. Drill bit: used to drill holes in shaft workpieces to obtain the required hole size and shape.

Preferably, the material of the shaft end hole is carbon steel and alloy steel, and the commonly used carbon steel is 45 steel, which is subjected to normalizing or quenching and tempering treatment to improve its mechanical properties.

Preferably, the threaded screw adopts the same reference scale or directly provides coordinate dimensions on the part drawing of the CNC milling machine.

Beneficial effect

The invention provides a process for machining large holes at shaft ends. Has the following beneficial effects:

Put the bottom plate on the machine tool and re-drill the center hole with a B4 center drill. When the drilling is completed, put it into the grinding machine or CNC machining layout, and process the threaded screw to the required size according to the size required by the drawing. According to the threaded screw and nut The principle is to process the screw according to the size of the threaded hole, tighten the processed screw to the threaded hole, and re-drill the center hole on the screw to achieve the same process as the ordinary version of the roller, so that the production of the threaded screw can be shortened when processing the threaded screw. The construction period is shortened, while cost is saved, and the rework cost caused by large shaft runout and ellipse is eliminated.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of processing object of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 1 .

In the figure: 1. Base plate; 2. Shaft end hole; 3. Threaded screw; 4. Knob; 5. Thread groove.

Detailed ways

The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Please refer to Figures 1-2, the present invention provides a technical solution: a process for machining large holes at the shaft end, including a bottom plate 1, one side of the bottom plate 1 is fixedly connected with a shaft end hole 2, and the inside of the shaft end hole 2 is opened There is a threaded groove 5, the internal rotation of the threaded groove 5 is connected with a threaded screw 3, and one side end of the threaded screw 3 is fixedly connected with a knob 4;

The required size between the bottom plate 1 and the shaft end hole 2 can be changed according to the drawing;

The threaded screw rod 3 and the shaft end hole 2 can be replaced arbitrarily according to the drawings.

The machining process of the large hole at the shaft end is as follows:

Step 1: Make the shaft end:

Check the size requirements of the shaft end hole by checking the drawing and turn it out through the machine tool;

Step 2: Processing:

Process the hole inside the shaft end hole 2 as required by the installation drawing to meet the required size;

Step 3: Make the thread:

When the bottom plate 1 and the shaft end hole 2 are finished, the inside of the shaft end hole 2 is processed by using 45# round steel;

Step 4: Assembly:

Enter the interior of the shaft end hole 2 through the threaded screw 3, cooperate with the threaded screw 3 through the threaded groove 5, and rotate the knob 4 so that the threaded screw 3 is tightened inside the shaft end hole 2;

Step five: final processing:

When the threaded screw 3 enters the inside of the shaft end hole 2 and is tightened, put the base plate 1 on the machine tool and use a B4 center drill to re-drill the center hole. The size of threaded screw rod 3 is processed to the required size.

When working, fix the size of the shaft end hole 2 through the drawing and turn it out through the machine tool. The inner hole of the obtained shaft end hole 2 is synchronized with the size marked on the drawing, and the inner hole of the shaft end hole 2 is adjusted by a thread cutter. The hole is processed with threaded tooling so that the thread inside the shaft end hole 2 matches the thread between the knob 4. At this time, by rotating the knob 4, the threaded screw 3 enters the inside of the shaft end hole 2, and passes through the thread groove 5 and The threaded screws 3 are matched so that the threaded screws 3 are tightened inside the shaft end hole 2. After the threaded screw 3 enters the inside of the shaft end hole 2 and is tightened, put the bottom plate 1 on the machine tool and re-drill it with a B4 center drill Center hole, when the drilling is completed, put it into the grinding machine or CNC machining layout, and process the threaded screw rod 3 to the required size according to the size required by the drawing, and process the screw rod according to the threaded hole size according to the principle of threaded screw and nut. The processed screw is screwed to the threaded hole, and the center hole is re-drilled on the screw to achieve the same process as the ordinary roller.

Please refer to Fig. 1-2, the present invention provides a kind of technical scheme: the material of the shaft end hole 2 is high-quality carbon steel 35, 45, 50, 45 and 40Cr steel, for the steel with less or less important load, also Q235 or Q275 ordinary carbon steel is commonly used. For shafts with large force, limited shaft size and weight, and some special requirements, alloy steel can be used. Commonly used are 40Cr, 40MnB, and 40CrNi. The shaft materials are mainly It is carbon steel and alloy steel. Most of the blanks of steel shafts use rolled round steel and forgings, and some directly use round steel.

When working, because carbon steel is cheaper than alloy steel and less sensitive to stress concentration, and heat treatment or chemical heat treatment can also be used to improve its wear resistance and fatigue resistance, so carbon steel is widely used. Among them The most commonly used is No. 45 steel, alloy steel has higher mechanical properties and better quenching performance than carbon steel. Therefore, alloy steel is often used for shafts that transmit large power, require reduced size and quality, improve the wear resistance of the journal, and work under high or low temperature conditions.

Please refer to Fig. 1-2, the present invention provides a kind of technical scheme: when threaded screw rod 3 drills a hole on a drilling machine, it is easy to cause the axis of the hole to deviate and not straight, but the aperture does not change significantly; when drilling a hole on a lathe, it is easy to The diameter of the hole is changed, but the axis of the hole is still straight. Therefore, the end face should be processed before drilling, and a cone hole should be pre-drilled with a drill bit or a center drill so that the drill bit can be centered. When drilling small holes and deep holes, for To avoid the axis deviation and non-straightness of the hole, the workpiece should be rotated as much as possible for drilling.

When working, the end face should be processed before drilling, and a cone hole should be pre-drilled with a drill bit or center drill to facilitate the centering of the drill bit. When drilling small and deep holes, in order to avoid the axis deviation and non-straightness of the hole, the workpiece rotation method should be used for drilling as much as possible.

Please refer to Fig. 1-2, the present invention provides a kind of technical proposal: when using drilling to threaded screw rod 3, when drilling diameter d > 30mm, carry out drilling in two times, drill out (0.5～0.7) for the first time d. Drilling to the required hole diameter for the second time, since the chisel edge does not participate in cutting for the second time, a larger feed rate can be used to improve the surface quality and productivity of the hole.

When working, because the chisel edge does not participate in the cutting for the second time, a larger feed rate can be used to improve the surface quality and productivity of the hole.

Please refer to Fig. 1-2, the present invention provides a kind of technical scheme: the machining tool that thread screw rod 3 is processed has: 1, milling cutter: be used for milling the surface of shaft workpiece, to obtain required size and shape, 2 1. Thread cutter: used to cut threads on shaft workpieces to obtain the required thread size and shape, 3. Broach: used to cut broaches on shaft workpieces to obtain the required size and shape of broaches , 4. Saw blade: used to cut the saw blade on the shaft workpiece to obtain the required size and shape of the saw blade, 5. Drill bit: used to drill holes on the shaft workpiece to obtain the required hole size and shape shape.

When working, use different tool cutters when different shapes are required, milling cutter: used to mill the surface of shaft workpieces to obtain the required size and shape, thread cutter: used to cut threads on shaft workpieces to obtain Required thread size and shape, broaches: used to cut broaches on shaft workpieces to obtain the required broach size and shape, saw blades: used to cut saw blades on shaft workpieces to obtain all The required size and shape of the saw blade, drill bit: used to drill holes in shaft workpieces to obtain the required hole size and shape.

Please refer to Figure 1-2. The material of the shaft end hole 2 is carbon steel and alloy steel. The commonly used carbon steel is 45 steel, which should be normalized or quenched and tempered to improve its mechanical properties.

When working, alloy steel has higher mechanical properties and heat treatment properties than carbon steel, but it is more sensitive to stress concentration and more expensive. In the case of special conditions, since the elastic modulus difference between alloy steel and carbon steel is very small at room temperature, replacing carbon steel with alloy steel cannot significantly improve the stiffness of the shaft.

Please refer to Figs. 1-2, the present invention provides a technical solution: the threaded screw 3 adopts the same reference reference scale or directly provides the coordinate size on the part drawing of the CNC milling machine.

When working, this marking method on the part drawings of CNC milling machine is not only convenient for programming, but also convenient for coordinating the setting and calculation of design reference, process reference, detection reference and programming zero point.

To sum up, the large hole machining process at the shaft end fixes the size of the shaft end hole 2 through the drawing and turns it out through the machine tool. The inner hole of the obtained shaft end hole 2 is synchronized with the size marked on the drawing, and is passed through The thread cutter processes the hole inside the shaft end hole 2, so that the thread inside the shaft end hole 2 matches the thread between the knob 4. At this time, the threaded screw 3 enters the shaft end hole 2 by rotating the knob 4 inside, and through the cooperation between the threaded groove 5 and the threaded screw 3, the threaded screw 3 is tightened inside the shaft end hole 2. When the threaded screw 3 enters the inside of the shaft end hole 2 and is tightened, put the bottom plate 1 Go to the machine tool and use the B4 center drill to re-drill the center hole. When the drilling is completed, put it into the grinding machine or CNC machining layout, and process the threaded screw 3 to the required size according to the size required by the drawing. According to the principle of threaded screws and nuts, Process the screw according to the size of the threaded hole, tighten the processed screw to the threaded hole, and re-drill the center hole on the screw to achieve the same process as the ordinary roller. .

It should be noted that in this article, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply that there is a relationship between these entities or operations. There is no such actual relationship or order between them. Furthermore, the term "comprises", "comprises" or any other variation thereof is intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion such that a process, method, article, or apparatus comprising a set of elements includes not only those elements, but also includes elements not expressly listed. other elements of or also include elements inherent in such a process, method, article, or device.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art can understand that various changes, modifications and substitutions can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention. and modifications, the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (7)

1. The machining object of the machining shaft end large hole machining process comprises a bottom plate (1), one side end of the bottom plate (1) is fixedly connected with a shaft end hole (2), a thread groove (5) is formed in the shaft end hole (2), a thread screw (3) is rotatably connected in the thread groove (5), and one side end of the thread screw (3) is fixedly connected with a knob (4);

the required size between the bottom plate (1) and the shaft end hole (2) is changed according to a drawing;

the threaded screw rod (3) and the shaft end hole (2) are replaced at will according to a drawing.

The method is characterized in that: the processing technology of the large hole at the processing shaft end comprises the following steps:

step one: and (3) manufacturing a shaft end:

the method comprises the steps that a machine tool is used for running out through checking the size requirement required by a drawing core for a shaft end hole;

step two: processing:

machining holes in the shaft end holes (2) required by the installation drawing to reach the required size;

step three: and (3) manufacturing screw threads:

when the manufacture of the bottom plate (1) and the shaft end hole (2) is completed, the 45# round steel is used for processing a thread tool in the shaft end hole (2);

step four: and (3) assembling:

enters the inside of the shaft end hole (2) through the threaded screw (3), is matched with the threaded screw (3) through the threaded groove (5), and rotates the knob (4) to enable the threaded screw (3) to be screwed in the inside of the shaft end hole (2);

step five: and (3) final processing:

after the threaded screw rod (3) enters the shaft end hole (2) and is screwed, the bottom plate (1) is put on a machine tool to re-punch a central hole by using a B4 central drill, and when the punching is finished, the bottom plate is put on a grinding machine or a numerical control machining layout _{And according to} Drawing paper _{Required to be as follows} A kind of electronic device _{Dimension pair} Screw thread _Rod (3) ^Adding Worker's work _{To the point of} Compliance with _{To be used for the preparation of} Calculated by _Size.

2. The machining process for machining a shaft end macropore according to claim 1, wherein: the shaft end hole (2) is made of high-quality carbon steel 35, 45, 50, 45 and 40Cr steel, for the steel with smaller load or less importance, Q235 or Q275 common carbon steel is also commonly used, for the steel with larger load, the shaft end hole (2) is limited in size and weight, alloy steel can be adopted with certain special requirements, 40Cr, 40MnB and 40CrNi are commonly used, the shaft end hole (2) is mainly made of carbon steel and alloy steel, and the blank of the shaft end hole (2) is mostly made of rolled round steel and forgings.

3. The machining process for machining a shaft end macropore according to claim 1, wherein: when the threaded screw (3) drills on a drilling machine, the axial line of the hole is easy to deviate and not straight, but the aperture is not changed obviously; when drilling holes on a lathe, the change of the aperture is easy to cause, but the axis of the hole is still straight, so that the end face is machined before drilling, a cone pit is pre-drilled by a drill bit or a central drill, so that the drill bit is centered, and when drilling small holes and deep holes, the drilling is performed by adopting a workpiece rotation mode as much as possible in order to avoid the offset and the non-straight of the axis of the hole.

4. The machining process for machining a shaft end macropore according to claim 1, wherein: when the threaded screw (3) is drilled, when the diameter d of the drilled hole is larger than 30mm, the drilling is carried out twice, the first drilling (0.5-0.7) d is carried out, the second drilling is carried out to the required aperture, and the chisel edge does not participate in cutting for the second time, so that a larger feeding amount can be adopted, and the surface quality and the productivity of the hole are improved.

5. The machining process for machining a shaft end macropore according to claim 1, wherein: a processing tool for processing a threaded screw (3) is provided with: 1. milling cutter: for milling the surface of a shaft-like workpiece to obtain the desired size and shape, 2, a threading tool: for cutting threads on shaft-like workpieces to obtain the desired thread size and shape, 3, broach: for cutting broaches on shaft-like workpieces to obtain the desired broach size and shape, 4, saw blade: for cutting a saw blade on a shaft-like workpiece to obtain a desired saw blade size and shape, 5, drill bit: for drilling holes in shaft-like workpieces to achieve a desired hole size and shape.

6. The machining process for machining a shaft end macropore according to claim 1, wherein: the shaft end hole (2) is made of carbon steel and alloy steel, the common carbon steel is 45 steel, and normalizing or tempering treatment is carried out to improve the mechanical property of the carbon steel.

7. The machining process for machining a shaft end macropore according to claim 1, wherein: the threaded screw (3) adopts the same reference to draw the annotating scale or directly gives the coordinate size on the part drawing of the numerical control milling machine.