CN116569796B - Seedling raising method for pteris miq spores - Google Patents
Seedling raising method for pteris miq sporesInfo
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- CN116569796B CN116569796B CN202310738213.3A CN202310738213A CN116569796B CN 116569796 B CN116569796 B CN 116569796B CN 202310738213 A CN202310738213 A CN 202310738213A CN 116569796 B CN116569796 B CN 116569796B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/23—Wood, e.g. wood chips or sawdust
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/04—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth
- A01G7/045—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth with electric lighting
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Abstract
本发明涉及植物栽培技术领域，具体涉及一种金毛狗蕨孢子育苗方法。一种金毛狗蕨孢子育苗方法，包括以下步骤：S1:基质调配后加水预湿后进行高压灭菌处理；S2:将灭菌处理后的基质铺入育苗盘作为孢子播种基质；S3:将金毛狗蕨孢子制成悬浮液后利用喷洒在S2的育苗基质上，进行日常管理培养至孢子萌发；S4:在精子器和颈卵器形成后浸透水一次，以便于精子与卵结合形成孢子体；S5:根据幼苗生长情况进行换盆培养至幼苗苗高约6cm～10cm，根部形成块茎时育苗完成转入林下培养；该方法具有孢子萌发快、出苗整齐、苗情健壮出苗率高的优点。The present invention relates to the field of plant cultivation technology, and more particularly to a method for raising seedlings from spores of Pteris chrysantha. The method comprises the following steps: S1: after preparing a substrate, pre-wetting it with water and then sterilizing it under high pressure; S2: spreading the sterilized substrate into a seedling tray as a spore sowing substrate; S3: preparing a suspension of Pteris chrysantha spores and spraying it on the seedling substrate in S2, and performing daily management and cultivation until spores germinate; S4: soaking the suspension with water once after the formation of the antheridia and archegonium to facilitate the combination of sperm and eggs to form a sporophyte; S5: repotting the seedlings according to their growth until they are about 6 cm to 10 cm tall, and transferring the seedlings to understory cultivation when tubers are formed on the roots. This method has the advantages of rapid spore germination, uniform seedling emergence, strong seedlings, and a high emergence rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, in particular to a method for culturing seedlings of pteris miq spores.
Background
The Fimbristylis Dichotomae is Liu Shengjue of Fimbristylis of family Pteriidae of large scale tree-like mussel, the plant has the effects of nourishing liver and kidney, strengthening waist and knee, eliminating rheumatism, strengthening tendons and bones, inducing diuresis, treating stranguria, etc. by taking the root-shaped stems as medicines, and the fuzz on the stems can stop bleeding. The pteris fern has extremely high ornamental value and medicinal value, the pteris fern is a national second-level protection fern plant, the digging is forbidden, the medicine enterprise faces the crisis of shortage and production stopping, and the contradiction between medicine supply and demand is very prominent, so that the research on the artificial breeding method of the pteris fern is very important.
The separated propagation of the dryopteris crassifolia is greatly influenced by seasons and temperatures, the propagation coefficient is low, and a large number of seedlings are difficult to obtain. The spore propagation method is an important method for obtaining a large number of seedlings, but the spore propagation of the golden dog has higher requirements on environmental conditions, the change of conditions such as soil, humidity, illumination, air temperature and the like can influence the propagation process of spores, the spores germinate less and the seedlings grow unevenly, the gametophyte sporophyte yellow leaves and develop slowly grow for a long time, the weak seedling proportion is high, the seedlings have poor environmental adaptability under natural forests, grow slowly and even a large number of dead seedlings appear alternately and repeatedly, and the problems make the artificial large-scale breeding of the golden dog fern difficult and heavy, and become the problems to be solved urgently for the artificial breeding of the golden dog fern at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for cultivating the pteris miq spores, which has the advantages of regular seedling emergence, strong seedling condition and low seedling rate.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
1. a method for culturing seedlings of pteris miq spores is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, adding water into a matrix for prewetting after blending, and then carrying out high-pressure sterilization treatment;
s2, paving the sterilized substrate into a seedling tray to serve as a spore sowing substrate;
s3, preparing the pteris miq spores into suspension, and then performing daily management culture until spores germinate by spraying on the seedling substrate of the S2;
S4, soaking water once after the spermatic device and the cervical ovum device are formed so that sperms and ovum are combined to form sporophytes;
S5, carrying out pot-changing culture until the seedling height is about 6 cm-10 cm according to the growth condition of the seedlings, and completing seedling culture when tubers are formed at roots and transferring the seedlings into under-forest culture;
the matrix comprises, by weight, 60-70 parts of pine wood dust powder, 10-20 parts of a porous humidifying matrix, 10-30 parts of river sand and 0-4 parts of decomposed cow dung.
Further, pine wood dust powder in the matrix is obtained by decomposing and fermenting pine needles and pine barks according to the mass ratio of 100 (20-40).
The pine wood dust powder in the matrix is prepared by collecting pine needles and pine barks which naturally fall off from pine forests, respectively sun-drying the pine needles and the pine barks in the sun, crushing the pine needles and the pine barks to particles of about 8-10 mm, putting the pine needles and the pine barks into a black plastic bag according to the mass ratio of 100 (20-40), paving a layer of pine needles at the bottom of the bag, paving a layer of pine barks, uniformly spraying EM bacterial diluent, repeating the steps for a plurality of times until the bag is fully filled, sealing the bag mouth, spraying the EM bacterial diluent to increase weight to 40-50%, and stacking the plastic bag at a warm place for fermentation for 3-6 months until the plastic bag is fully decomposed for later use.
The application has the important improvement points that the germination and growth of spores are directly affected by different substrate raw material types and components, the substrate for cultivating the pteris miq spores is prepared, pine needles with rich local sources of the rongalite and pine wood processing waste pine barks are adopted as raw materials, after the raw materials are fermented and decomposed by EM bacteria, porous moisture-regulating substrate and river sand are added, the prepared substrate is loose in soil texture, water-retaining, breathable, water-fixing and moisture-regulating, compared with the common seedling substrate, the germination rate of the pteris miq spores can be greatly improved, the growth vigor of the protophylls is good, the seedling emergence rate is high, the resistance to natural environment is strong, and the environment under natural forests can be well adapted.
Further, the preparation method of the suspension of the pteris aureobasidium spores in S3 comprises the steps of adding 200-400 mg/L of Brevibacterium laterosporus into purified water to prepare spore treatment microbial inoculum, adding the pteris aureobasidium spores into the microbial inoculum according to the proportion of 1500mg/L, soaking for 24 hours, and then fully shaking uniformly.
Another important improvement point of the application is that the bacillus laterosporus and spores with proper concentration are adopted for sowing together after being mixed, the bacillus laterosporus can help the nutrition and moisture to be absorbed in the soil of the protoleaf body, the disease resistance of the protoleaf body is enhanced, and the bacillus laterosporus has obvious promotion effect on tuber growth of the pteris fern seedlings and the seedling emergence time of the seedlings is shorter from the seedling raising result.
Further, the porous humidity-regulating matrix comprises the following preparation raw materials, by weight, 40 parts of rice hull ash, 5 parts of seaweed meal, 1 part of potassium polyacrylate and 0.5 part of dilute phosphoric acid.
Further, the preparation method of the porous humidity-regulating matrix comprises the steps of adding 20 parts of rice hull ash into 100 parts of water for full dispersion, adding 5 parts of seaweed powder, 1 part of potassium polyacrylate and 0.5 part of dilute phosphoric acid (10%), stirring for 3 hours at 80 ℃, adding 20 parts of rice hull ash, stirring and mixing for 30 minutes, granulating and drying to obtain the porous humidity-regulating matrix.
Further, the particle size of the matrix shown in the S1 is 0 mm-6 mm, and the particle size of river sand in the matrix is 0.35 mm-0.5 mm.
Further, the daily culture management in S5 adopts a light supplementing lamp to supplement light, the illumination condition is 100 mu mol/m 2·s～140μmol/m2.s, the illumination period is 10 h/d-16 h/d, the temperature of a culture room is controlled to be 25-26 ℃, and the relative humidity of air is 50-70%.
Further, the specific method of S5 is as follows:
Transplanting the sporophyte seedlings when the first true leaves are 3-5 mm long, transplanting the seedlings to a plug tray by forceps, and continuously culturing the seedlings in a culture room;
The seedlings are cultured to 3 cm-5 cm long and then are transferred into a seedling raising basin with the caliber of 5 cm-8 cm, the seedlings are cultured in a temperature control greenhouse until the height of the seedlings is about 6 cm-10 cm, and when tubers are formed at the roots (the adaptability of the seedlings of the pteris miq is poor, the adaptability of plants is higher after tubers are formed, and the survival rate of transfer into the forest is higher at the moment), the seedlings are transferred into the forest for continuous culture.
Further, the daily culture management in S3 adopts a light supplementing lamp to supplement light, the illumination condition is 70 mu mol/m 2·s～90μmol/m2.s, the illumination period is 8-16 h/d, the temperature of the culture room is controlled to be 25-26 ℃, and the relative humidity of air is 50-70%.
Compared with the prior art, the application has the beneficial effects that the method for cultivating the spores of the golden dog fern is developed, the seedling cultivation matrix is improved, the daily cultivation management method of the golden dog fern body is perfected and optimized, the seedling germination time can be greatly shortened, the germination rate is high, the growth and development of the seedling body are faster, the leaves are emerald green, the time from sowing to emergence can be controlled to about 150d, the emergence rate of healthy and strong potted seedlings of the seedlings reaches more than 80%, the adaptability of the seedlings to natural environment is strong, the seedlings do not need to be trained, and the survival rate of the seedlings cultivated in a forest for 3 months under natural conditions is high.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The methods are conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the starting materials are commercially available from the public sources unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
Seedling test was performed in culture room and temperature control greenhouse of Fujian and Kangyazhi technologies, and 4 test groups and 2 control groups were set. The test group 1 adopts a seedling substrate 1, the test group 2 adopts a seedling substrate 2, the test group 3 adopts a seedling substrate 3, the test group 4 adopts a seedling substrate 4, the control group 1 adopts a seedling substrate 5, and the control group 2 adopts commercially available 0-6 mm toepping peat moss. 3 seedling trays were set for each of the 4 test groups and the 2 control groups.
The preparation method of the seedling substrate comprises the following steps:
The seedling substrate 1 is prepared by uniformly mixing 65 parts by weight of pine wood dust powder, 10 parts by weight of a porous humidity-regulating substrate and 20 parts by weight of river sand (1.5 parts of decomposed cow dung needs to be added into a seedling pot substrate to increase the substrate fertility; the obtained substrate can be directly used in the seedling pot substrate, and the seedling pot substrate and the hole pot need to be crushed again to 0 mm-6 mm specification).
The pine needle wood dust powder is prepared by collecting pine needles which naturally fall from pine forest, sun-drying the pine needles, crushing the pine needles into small sections of about 8-10 mm, collecting pine bark of pine tree processing waste, sun-drying the pine bark, crushing the pine needles into small particles of about 8-10 mm, putting the processed pine needles and pine bark into a black plastic bag layer by layer according to the mass ratio of 100:20, paving a layer of pine needles at the bottom of the bag, paving a layer of pine bark, uniformly spraying 100 times of dilution liquid of EM bacteria after paving, repeating the steps for a plurality of times until the plastic bag is filled, pricking a bag opening, controlling the bag opening to be 50%, stacking the plastic bag at a warm place, and fermenting for 3-6 months until the plastic bag is completely decomposed for later use.
The porous humidity-regulating matrix (raw materials are weight parts) is prepared by adding 20 parts of rice hull ash into 100 parts of water for full dispersion, adding 5 parts of seaweed powder, 1 part of potassium polyacrylate and 0.5 part of dilute phosphoric acid (10%), stirring at 80 ℃ for 3 hours, adding 20 parts of rice hull ash, stirring and mixing for 30 minutes, granulating and drying.
The seedling substrate 2 is different from the seedling substrate 1 in that pine needle chip powder is prepared by the following method that pine needles and pine barks are in a mass ratio of 100:40.
The seedling substrate 3 is different from the seedling substrate 1 in that pine needle sawdust powder does not contain pine bark, the pine needle sawdust powder is prepared by collecting pine needles naturally dropped from pine forests, sun-drying, crushing into small sections of about 8-10 mm, putting the processed pine needles into black plastic bags layer by layer, paving a layer of pine needles at the bottom of the bags, uniformly spraying 100 times of dilution liquid of EM bacteria after paving, repeating the steps for a plurality of times until the bags are fully filled, pricking the bags, controlling the weight gain to be 50%, stacking the plastic bags at a warm place, and fermenting for 3-6 months until the plastic bags are fully decomposed for later use.
The seedling substrate 4 is different from the seedling substrate 1 in that 20 parts of porous humidity-regulating substrate is adopted in the seedling substrate 2.
The seedling substrate 5 is different from the seedling substrate 1 in that the porous humidity-adjusting substrate of the substrate formula is replaced by equivalent rice hull ash.
The method for cultivating the seedling of the pteris miq spores is as follows:
S1, pouring the prepared matrix into a preparation barrel, stirring until the matrix is dispersed and has no large aggregates, adding water, stirring uniformly until the matrix can be agglomerated by holding, falling to the dispersing degree, then filling the pre-wetted matrix into a cotton cloth bag, packing, not compacting, keeping the matrix loose, facilitating subsequent sterilization, sealing a bag mouth after filling, sterilizing for 40min at 121 ℃ by adopting a sterilizing pot, and naturally reducing pressure and cooling after sterilization.
And S2, sterilizing the substrate by an ultraviolet lamp in advance for 60 minutes each time, uniformly paving the sterilized substrate into a seedling tray with a water-permeable bottom, which is 465mm long, 335mm wide and 85mm high, in the operation room, properly compacting to enable the substrate to be flat and compact, enabling the thickness of the substrate to be about 3cm, soaking the substrate in a tray filled with purified water thoroughly, filtering out excessive water, and sterilizing the substrate by the ultraviolet lamp for 1 hour.
S3, adding the pteris british spores into purified water according to the proportion of 1500mg/L, soaking for 24 hours, and fully shaking up. The spray nozzle of the watering can is regulated to be thinnest and evenly sprayed on the surface of a prepared substrate, the seeding amount of 1 seedling pot is controlled to be about 100mg, the water at the edge of the seedling pot is wiped dry, the seedling pot is covered with glass and transferred to a culture chamber for culture (the culture chamber is sterilized in the morning and evening by an ultraviolet lamp for 1 day in advance, and 60 minutes each time), and daily culture management is carried out until spores germinate.
The daily culture management adopts a light supplementing lamp to supplement light, the illumination condition is 80 mu mol/m 2 & s, the illumination period is 12h/d, the temperature of a culture room is controlled at 25+/-2 ℃, and the relative humidity of air is 50% -60%.
If more glass water drops are needed to be placed obliquely when the sowing is performed for about one week, so that the situation that the substrate pothole spores cannot germinate due to the fact that the glass water drops fall is avoided, the substrate pothole spores are placed obliquely for 3-7 days, if the substrate pothole spores are placed obliquely, a plurality of water drops are placed obliquely for a few days, the substrate pothole spores are placed obliquely, and meanwhile, the humidity change of the substrate is checked, and the substrate pothole spores are adjusted timely.
And S4, gametophyte stage culture management, namely observing the growth state of spores after germination, and soaking water once after the formation of a sperm cell and a neck ovum cell so as to facilitate the combination of sperms and eggs to form sporophyte seedlings.
S5, seedling transplanting is carried out when the first true leaves of the sporophyte seedlings are 3mm long, the seedlings are transplanted to 50 hole trays by forceps and are continuously cultivated in a cultivation room, the daily cultivation management illumination condition of the hole seedlings is 120 mu mol/m 2 & S, the illumination period is 12h/d, the temperature of the cultivation room is controlled to be 23+/-2 ℃, and the relative air humidity is 50% -60%.
And S6, culturing the seedlings to 3 cm-5 cm long, transferring the seedlings into a 5cm caliber seedling raising basin, and culturing the seedlings in a temperature control greenhouse to about 6 cm-10 cm high, wherein the seedlings are raised when tubers are formed at roots.
Counting and recording growth conditions of each stage of seedlings, wherein spore germination time is based on visible filament formation, full-disc seedling germination is based on clear observation of two leaves, growth and development conditions of the former leaf are observed, seedling raising time is recorded (from seeding to 90% of survival seedlings to 6 cm-10 cm), seedling qualification rate is based on qualified strong seedlings of culture pots/total number of culture pots multiplied by 100%, under-forest culture survival rate is based on the number of survival seedlings/total number of culture pots multiplied by 100% after three months (in order to put each culture pot to a ridge planted between forests with 35% light transmittance), and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from Table 1, test groups 1-2 have shorter germination time, regular germination and faster original She Tisheng length speed than test group 3, and seedlings have strong adaptability to natural environment, which indicates that pine needles and pine barks adopted in pine wood dust powder in seedling raising substrates have better seedling raising effect than pine needles adopted alone. As can be seen by combining the test group 1-2 with the control group 2, compared with the common 0-6 mm toepsia wrapper peat moss, the seedling culture matrix provided by the application has the advantages of quick growth and development of the primordium, shorter seedling culture time and strong adaptability of seedlings to natural environments. As can be seen from the combination of the test groups 1 and 4 and the control group 1, the addition of the proper porous humidity-regulating matrix in the seedling culture matrix is beneficial to spore germination and growth, shortens the seedling culture time, improves the seedling culture qualification rate, and compared with the test group 2, the test group 1 has better seedling condition, thus indicating that the addition amount of the porous humidity-regulating matrix in the seedling culture matrix is not too much.
Example 2
The seedling substrate of the test group 1 of example 1 is adopted, and the spore seedling method of the dryopteris crassifolia is properly adjusted, and the seedling method is as follows:
S1, pouring the prepared matrix into a preparation barrel, stirring until the matrix is dispersed and has no large aggregates, adding water, stirring uniformly until the matrix can be agglomerated by holding, falling to the dispersing degree, then filling the pre-wetted matrix into a cotton cloth bag, packing, not compacting, keeping the matrix loose, facilitating subsequent sterilization, sealing a bag mouth after filling, sterilizing for 40min at 121 ℃ by adopting a sterilizing pot, and naturally reducing pressure and cooling after sterilization.
And S2, sterilizing the substrate by an ultraviolet lamp in advance for 60 minutes each time, uniformly paving the sterilized substrate into a seedling tray with a water-permeable bottom, which is 465mm long, 335mm wide and 85mm high, in the operation room, properly compacting to enable the substrate to be flat and compact, enabling the thickness of the substrate to be about 3cm, soaking the substrate in a tray filled with purified water thoroughly, filtering out excessive water, and sterilizing the substrate by the ultraviolet lamp for 1 hour.
S3, preparing 200mg/L of bacillus laterosporus as a spore treatment microbial inoculum, adding the pteris miq spores into the microbial inoculum according to the proportion of 1500mg/L, soaking for 24 hours, and fully shaking uniformly. The spray nozzle of the watering can is regulated to be thinnest and evenly sprayed on the surface of a prepared substrate, the seeding amount of 1 seedling pot is controlled to be about 100mg, the water at the edge of the seedling pot is wiped dry, the seedling pot is covered with glass and transferred to a culture chamber for culture (the culture chamber is sterilized in the morning and evening by an ultraviolet lamp for 1 day in advance, and 60 minutes each time), and daily culture management is carried out until spores germinate.
The daily culture management adopts a light supplementing lamp to supplement light, the illumination condition is 70 mu mol/m 2 & s, the illumination period is 14h/d, the temperature of a culture room is controlled at 25+/-2 ℃, and the relative humidity of air is 60% -70%.
If more glass water drops are needed to be placed obliquely when the sowing is performed for about one week, so that the situation that the substrate pothole spores cannot germinate due to the fact that the glass water drops fall is avoided, the substrate pothole spores are placed obliquely for 3-7 days, if the substrate pothole spores are placed obliquely, a plurality of water drops are placed obliquely for a few days, the substrate pothole spores are placed obliquely, and meanwhile, the substrate pothole spores are checked for humidity changes and adjusted timely.
And S4, gametophyte stage culture management, namely observing the growth state of spores after germination, and soaking water once after the formation of a sperm cell and a neck ovum cell so as to facilitate the combination of sperms and eggs to form sporophyte seedlings.
S5, seedling transplanting is carried out when the first true leaves of the sporophyte seedlings are 3mm long, the seedlings are transplanted to 50 hole trays by forceps and are continuously cultivated in a cultivation room, the daily cultivation management illumination condition of the hole seedlings is 140 mu mol/m 2 & S, the illumination period is 16h/d, the temperature of the cultivation room is controlled to be 23+/-2 ℃, and the relative air humidity is 60% -70%.
S6, transferring the seedlings to a seedling raising basin with the caliber of 5cm when the seedlings are cultured to the length of 3 cm-5 cm, culturing in a temperature control greenhouse until the heights of the seedlings are about 6 cm-10 cm, and transferring the seedlings to a forest for continuous culture when tubers are formed in roots.
The seedling raising result shows that the time from sowing to spore germination (macroscopic filament formation) is 8-10 d, the germination is neat, the germination rate is high, the growth and development of the germinated protoleaf bodies are faster, the leaves are emerald, the time from sowing to emergence is 138d, the statistical seedling qualification rate is 92%, the adaptability of the seedlings to the natural environment is strong, and the survival rate is 98% after the seedlings are transferred to the culture under the forest for 3 months.
Example 3
The method for cultivating the seedlings of the pteris aureobasidium spores in example 2 is different in that the concentration of the S3 side spore Bacillus pumilus is 400mg/L.
The seedling raising result shows that the time from sowing to spore germination (macroscopic filament formation) is 8 d-10 d, the germination is neat, the germination rate is high, the growth and development of the germinated protoleaf bodies are faster, the leaves are emerald, the time from sowing to emergence is 142d, the statistical seedling qualification rate is 92%, the adaptability of the seedlings to the natural environment is strong, and the survival rate is 97% after the seedlings are transferred to the culture under the forest for 3 months.
Comparative example 1
The method for cultivating the seedlings of the pteris aureobasidium spores in example 2 is different in that the concentration of the S3 side spore Bacillus pumilus is 700mg/L.
The seedling raising result shows that the time from sowing to spore germination (macroscopic filament formation) is 20 d-22 d, the spores are germinated sparsely in the culture pot, and the germinated sporadic protoleaf blades are yellow or yellow-green and grow slowly.
It should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present application and not for limiting the same, and although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present application may be modified or some technical features may be equivalently replaced, and all the modifications are included in the scope of the technical solution of the present application.
Claims (7)
1. A method for culturing seedlings of pteris miq spores is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, adding water into a matrix for prewetting after blending, and then carrying out high-pressure sterilization treatment;
s2, paving the sterilized substrate into a seedling tray to serve as a spore sowing substrate;
s3, preparing the pteris miq spores into suspension, spraying the suspension onto the seedling substrate of the S2, and carrying out daily management culture until the spores germinate;
S4, soaking water once after the spermatic device and the cervical ovum device are formed so that sperms and ovum are combined to form sporophytes;
S5, carrying out pot-changing culture according to the growth condition of the seedlings until the height of the seedlings is 6 cm-10 cm, and carrying out under-forest culture after the seedlings are grown when tubers are formed at roots;
Wherein the matrix adopts the following raw materials, by weight, 60-70 parts of pine wood dust powder, 10-20 parts of porous humidifying matrix, 10-30 parts of river sand and 0-4 parts of decomposed cow dung;
the porous humidity-regulating matrix comprises the following preparation raw materials, by weight, 40 parts of rice hull ash, 5 parts of seaweed powder, 1 part of potassium polyacrylate and 0.5 part of dilute phosphoric acid, wherein pine tree wood dust powder in the matrix is obtained by decomposing and fermenting pine needles and pine barks according to the mass ratio of 100 (20-40).
2. The seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein the specific preparation method of pine wood dust powder in the matrix is characterized in that pine needles and pine barks which naturally fall off from pine forests are collected and respectively dried in the sun and then crushed into particles with the particle size of 8 mm-10 mm, the pine needles and the pine barks are put into a black plastic bag according to the mass ratio of 100 (20-40), a layer of pine needles is paved at the bottom of the bag, then a layer of pine barks is paved, EM bacteria diluent is uniformly sprayed after paving, the steps are repeated for a plurality of times until the bag mouths are pricked after the plastic bag is filled, the EM bacteria diluent is sprayed for weight increment of 40% -50%, and the plastic bag is piled in a warm place for fermentation for 3-6 months until the plastic bag is thoroughly decomposed for later use.
3. The seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein the S3 preparation method of the pteris miq spore suspension is characterized in that 200 mg/L-400 mg/L of bacillus pumilus is added into purified water to prepare spore treatment bacterial agent, and the pteris miq spores are added into the bacterial agent according to the proportion of 1500mg/L and are fully and uniformly shaken after being soaked for 24 hours.
4. The method for raising seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the porous humidity-controlling matrix is prepared by adding 20 parts of rice hull ash into 100 parts of water, sufficiently dispersing, adding 5 parts of seaweed powder, 1 part of potassium polyacrylate and 0.5 part of dilute phosphoric acid (10%), stirring at 80 ℃ for 3 hours, adding 20 parts of rice hull ash, stirring and mixing for 30 minutes, granulating, and drying.
5. The seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of the matrix shown in S1 is 0 mm-6 mm, and the particle size of river sand in the matrix is 0.35 mm-0.5 mm.
6. The seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein the specific method of S5 is:
Transplanting the sporophyte seedlings when the first true leaves are 3-5 mm long, transplanting the seedlings to a plug tray by forceps, and continuously culturing the seedlings in a culture room;
The seedlings are cultivated to 3 cm-5 cm long and then are transferred into a seedling raising basin with the caliber of 5 cm-8 cm, the seedlings are cultivated in a temperature control greenhouse until the seedling height is 6 cm-10 cm, and the seedlings are transferred into a forest for continuous cultivation after tubers are formed in roots.
7. The seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein the daily management culture in S3 adopts a light supplementing lamp for supplementing light, the illumination condition is 70 mu mol/m 2·s～90μmol/m2 & S, the illumination period is 8-16 h/d, the temperature of a culture room is controlled at 25-26 ℃, and the relative humidity of air is 50-70%.
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| CN103141353A (en) * | 2012-04-12 | 2013-06-12 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | Cibotium barometz overwintering cold-proof method |
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