CN116551131B - Back chipping-free welding method - Google Patents
Back chipping-free welding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN116551131B CN116551131B CN202310835426.8A CN202310835426A CN116551131B CN 116551131 B CN116551131 B CN 116551131B CN 202310835426 A CN202310835426 A CN 202310835426A CN 116551131 B CN116551131 B CN 116551131B
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 250
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- -1 burrs Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000963 austenitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009863 impact test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/18—Submerged-arc welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K28/00—Welding or cutting not covered by any of the preceding groups, e.g. electrolytic welding
- B23K28/02—Combined welding or cutting procedures or apparatus
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/235—Preliminary treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
Abstract
The application provides a back-gouging-free welding method which is used for welding two workpieces. The welding method comprises the following steps: groove processing: processing the workpieces to enable the grooves of the workpieces to be 1/2Y-shaped grooves, and butting the two workpieces to form Y-shaped welding grooves; the thickness of the workpiece is more than or equal to 10mm; pretreatment: removing impurities such as rust, cutting slag, burrs, oil stains, dirt and the like at a part to be welded of the workpiece; spot welding: assembling and spot welding the two workpieces to position the two workpieces; backing welding: adopting plasma welding to weld the Y-shaped welding groove, and enabling one side to be thoroughly welded; filling and cover welding: and (5) continuing welding the Y-shaped welding groove by adopting submerged arc welding, filling the Y-shaped welding groove, and finishing welding. The back-gouging-free welding method combines the shape of the welding groove, plasma welding and submerged arc welding, realizes back-gouging-free, thereby improving the whole welding efficiency, and saving welding materials because the plasma welding does not need to fill wires. Meanwhile, the strength and impact performance of the joint welded by the back chipping-free welding method meet the requirements.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of welding, in particular to a back-gouging-free welding method.
Background
In the field of pressure vessels, welding of longitudinal circumferential seams of medium plate cylinders is an important link in product manufacture, and the traditional welding method of the medium plate cylinders generally adopts the following processes: and the bevel is cut, the bevel is welded by submerged arc welding on the front side, and the bevel is welded after back gouging and polishing of the carbon arc on the back side of the bevel, so that the production efficiency is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a back-gouging-free welding method which does not need back-gouging and has higher production efficiency, so as to solve the problems in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the application provides a back-gouging-free welding method for welding two workpieces, which comprises the following steps:
groove processing: processing the workpieces to enable grooves of the workpieces to be 1/2Y-shaped grooves, and butting the two workpieces to form Y-shaped welding grooves; the thickness of the workpiece is more than or equal to 10mm;
pretreatment: removing impurities such as rust, cutting slag, burrs, oil stains, dirt and the like at the part to be welded of the workpiece;
spot welding: assembling and spot-welding the two workpieces to position the two workpieces;
backing welding: adopting plasma welding to weld the Y-shaped welding groove;
filling and cover welding: and (3) continuing to weld the Y-shaped welding groove subjected to backing welding by adopting submerged arc welding, filling the Y-shaped welding groove and covering the Y-shaped welding groove, and finishing welding.
In one embodiment, the gap d of the Y-shaped welding groove is 0-0.5 mm, the blunt edge dimension h is 6-7 mm, and the groove angle θ is 105-115 °.
In one embodiment, the step of backing welding comprises: the plasma welding adopts direct current positive connection, the welding current is 200-240A, the arc voltage is 28-32V, the welding speed is 17-20 cm/min, the ion gas is 99.99% Ar, the flow is 5-7L/min, and the plasma shielding gas is 95% Ar+5% H 2 The flow is 20-25L/min, and the tail protection gas is 95% Ar+5% H 2 The flow is 7-10L/min, and the back protection gas is 95% Ar+5% H 2 The flow is 28-30L/min.
In one embodiment, the step of filling and cap welding comprises: the submerged arc welding adopts direct current reverse connection, the welding current is 360-500A, the arc voltage is 27-32V, and the welding speed is 45-55 cm/min.
In one embodiment, the step of filling and cap welding comprises: and after each welding process, the welding slag is cleaned up and then the next welding process is carried out until the Y-shaped welding groove is filled up, so that the welding is completed.
In one embodiment, after the step of backing welding, the method further comprises:
checking: and checking the front and back forming conditions of the welded seam after backing welding, and carrying out filling and cover welding after the welding seam is qualified.
In one embodiment, the thickness of the workpiece is 10 mm-14 mm.
In one embodiment, in the spot welding step, a pairing gap between the two workpieces is 0-0.5 mm, and no misalignment exists.
In one embodiment, the workpiece is made of stainless steel.
In one embodiment, in the spot welding step, the weld seam surplus height is not more than 1mm.
According to the technical scheme, the application has the advantages and positive effects that:
the back-gouging-free welding method provided by the application processes the welding groove into a Y shape, combines the shape of the welding groove, plasma welding and submerged arc welding, realizes back-gouging-free in the welding process, saves time due to the omission of the back-gouging step, and improves the overall welding efficiency. And because plasma welding does not need to fill wires, welding materials are saved. Meanwhile, the strength and impact performance of the joint welded by the back chipping-free welding method meet the requirements.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a back-gouging-free welding method in the present application.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a Y-shaped weld groove of two workpieces in accordance with the present application.
The reference numerals are explained as follows:
1. a workpiece.
Detailed Description
While this application is susceptible of embodiment in different forms, there is shown in the drawings and will herein be described in detail, specific embodiments thereof with the understanding that the present disclosure is to be considered as an exemplification of the principles of the application and is not intended to limit the application to that as illustrated.
Thus, rather than implying that each embodiment of the present application must have the characteristics described, one of the characteristics indicated in this specification will be used to describe one embodiment of the present application. Furthermore, it should be noted that the present specification describes a number of features. Although certain features may be combined together to illustrate a possible system design, such features may be used in other combinations not explicitly described. Thus, unless otherwise indicated, the illustrated combinations are not intended to be limiting.
For the purpose of further illustrating the principles and structure of the present application, preferred embodiments of the application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The application provides a back-gouging-free welding method which is suitable for welding connection of two workpieces. In particular, it is suitable for welding cylinders of pressure vessels.
The back-gouging-free welding method combines the shape of the welding groove, plasma welding and submerged arc welding, realizes back-gouging-free, thereby improving the whole welding efficiency, and saving welding materials because the plasma welding does not need to fill wires. Meanwhile, the strength and impact performance of the joint welded by the back chipping-free welding method meet the requirements.
Referring to fig. 1, the welding method includes the steps of:
s1, groove processing: the workpiece is processed to enable the groove of each workpiece to be a 1/2Y-shaped groove, and the two workpieces are butted to form a Y-shaped welding groove.
Wherein the thickness of the workpiece is more than or equal to 10mm.
Preferably, the thickness of the workpiece is 10 mm-14 mm.
The workpiece is made of stainless steel. Specifically, austenitic stainless steel: s30508, S30403, S31608, S31603, 304, 316L, and the like.
The groove of the workpiece can be obtained by machining.
Referring to fig. 2, the gap d of the Y-shaped welding groove formed by two workpieces 1 is 0 to 0.5mm, the blunt edge dimension h is 6 to 7mm, and the groove angle θ is 105 ° to 115 °.
S2, pretreatment: and removing impurities such as rust, cutting slag, burrs, oil stains, dirt and the like at the to-be-welded position of the workpiece 1.
After the impurities are removed through pretreatment, the probability of internal defects is reduced, the welding difficulty is reduced, and the welding quality is ensured.
S3, spot welding: the two workpieces 1 are positioned by performing the group spot welding.
Specifically, the pairing gap of the two workpieces 1 is 0-0.5 mm, and no misalignment exists.
Further, the weld seam surplus height of the spot welding is not more than 1mm.
S4, backing welding: and welding the Y-shaped welding groove by adopting plasma welding, and enabling one side to be thoroughly welded.
Specifically, the two workpieces 1 which are assembled and positioned are placed on a plasma welding machine workbench, and the positions of the workpieces 1 are adjusted so that the plasma welding gun is positioned right above a part to be welded.
In backing welding, the plasma welding adopts direct current positive connection, the welding current is 200-240A, the arc voltage is 28-32V, the welding speed is 17-20 cm/min, the ion gas is 99.99% Ar, the flow is 5-7L/min, and the plasma shielding gas is 95% Ar+5% H 2 The flow is 20-25L/min, and the tail protection gas is 95% Ar+5% H 2 The flow is 7-10L/min, and the back protection gas is 95% Ar+5% H 2 The flow is 28-30L/min.
The step of backing welding is followed by:
checking: checking the front and back molding of the weld joint of the backing welding, and performing filling and cover welding after the single-sided welding is completed and the surface molding is qualified.
S5, filling and cover welding: and (3) continuing welding the Y-shaped welding groove subjected to backing welding by adopting submerged arc welding, filling the Y-shaped welding groove and covering the Y-shaped welding groove, and finishing welding.
Filling and cover welding: the submerged arc welding adopts direct current reverse connection, the welding current is 360-500A, the arc voltage is 27-32V, and the welding speed is 45-55 cm/min.
And in the step of filling and cap welding: and after each welding process is completed, the welding slag is cleaned up and then the next welding process is carried out until the Y-shaped welding groove is filled up and covered.
Particularly, during welding, fine adjustment of welding parameters can be performed in the welding process.
During plasma welding, the ion gas is ionized to generate high-temperature ion gas flow, the high-temperature ion gas flow is sprayed out of the fine holes of the nozzle, the long and thin arc column is formed through compression, and the plasma arc has the characteristics of long and thin arc column and high energy density, and can realize single-sided welding with the thickness of 4-8 mm. The blunt edge h of the Y-shaped welding groove in the application is 6-7 mm, so that the heat during welding is ensured, single-sided penetration welding is realized, and the welding efficiency is ensured. The groove angle theta of the Y-shaped welding groove is 105-115 degrees, so that the plasma gun head can extend to the bottom during plasma welding, and single-sided welding is realized. The remainder after plasma welding was full with submerged arc welding.
The Y-shaped welding groove is welded by plasma to realize single-sided penetration, so that after the plasma welding is used for bottoming, the back surface of the welding seam has good molding, and filling welding can be continued without back chipping.
Under the condition of meeting the blunt edge and the bevel angle, the back chipping-free process of the medium plate is realized by combining reasonable parameters.
The back-chipping-free welding method in the present application is described below by way of specific examples.
Example 1
Both workpieces 1 are 1m long and 12mm thick, and are made of S30508 and are plate-shaped.
S11, groove processing: the workpiece 1 is processed to enable the groove of each workpiece 1 to be a 1/2Y-shaped groove, and the two workpieces 1 are butted to form a Y-shaped welding groove.
And (5) machining and forming in a machining mode to obtain the groove.
The gap d of the Y-shaped welding groove is 0.4mm, the blunt edge dimension h is 6mm, and the groove angle theta is 110 degrees.
S12, pretreatment: and removing impurities such as rust, cutting slag, burrs, oil stains, dirt and the like at the to-be-welded position of the workpiece 1.
S13, spot welding: the two workpieces 1 are positioned by performing the group spot welding.
Specifically, the pairing gap of the two workpieces 1 is 0.2mm, and no offset is caused. The weld seam surplus height of the spot welding is 0.5mm.
S14, backing welding: and welding the Y-shaped welding groove by adopting plasma welding.
Specifically, the two workpieces 1 which are assembled and positioned are placed on a plasma welding machine workbench, and the positions of the workpieces 1 are adjusted so that the plasma welding gun is positioned right above a part to be welded.
During backing welding, direct current positive connection is adopted in plasma welding, the welding current is 220A, the arc voltage is 30V, the welding speed is 20cm/min, the ion gas is 99.99% Ar, the flow is 6L/min, and the plasma shielding gas is 95% Ar+5% H 2 The flow is 24L/min, and the tail protective gas is 95% Ar+5% H 2 The flow is 8L/min, and the back protection gas is 95% Ar+5% H 2 The flow rate was 30L/min.
In this embodiment, only one welding pass is required for plasma welding.
Checking: and (5) checking the molding of the front and the back of the welding line of the backing welding, and filling and cover welding after the welding line is qualified.
S15, filling and cover welding: and (3) continuing welding the Y-shaped welding groove subjected to backing welding by adopting submerged arc welding, filling the Y-shaped welding groove and covering the Y-shaped welding groove, and finishing welding.
Filling and cover welding: the submerged arc welding adopts direct current reverse connection, the welding current is 400A, the arc voltage is 30V, and the welding speed is 50cm/min. 0.2kg/m of submerged arc welding wire and 0.24kg/m of welding flux are consumed.
In the welding method in this embodiment, after plasma backing welding is performed from the front surface, submerged arc welding is directly performed without back gouging. Plasma welding and submerged arc welding total 6min.
The welded joint of example 1 was subjected to tensile test, bending test and impact test, and the test structure is shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 Properties of welded joints after welding
As can be seen from Table 1, the mechanical properties of the welded joint of example 1 meet the requirements of the NB/T47018-2011 and NB/T1842-2019 standards.
Comparative example 1
Both workpieces 1 are 1m long and 12mm thick, and are made of S30508 and are plate-shaped.
S21, groove processing: the workpiece 1 is processed to enable the groove of each workpiece 1 to be a 1/2Y-shaped groove, and the two workpieces 1 are butted to form a Y-shaped welding groove.
And (5) machining and forming in a machining mode to obtain the groove.
The gap d of the Y-shaped welding groove is 0.4mm, the blunt edge dimension h is 6mm, and the groove angle theta is 110 degrees.
S22, pretreatment: and removing impurities such as rust, cutting slag, burrs, oil stains, dirt and the like at the to-be-welded position of the workpiece 1.
S23, spot welding: the two workpieces 1 are positioned by performing the group spot welding.
Specifically, the pairing gap of the two workpieces 1 is 0.2mm, and no offset is caused. The weld seam surplus height of the spot welding is 0.5mm.
S24, submerged arc welding: front welding, back gouging and submerged arc welding.
The total time spent in the welding is 6min for the two submerged-arc welding and 5min for back gouging. The materials used for submerged arc welding are as follows: 0.4kg of submerged arc welding wire and 0.48kg of welding flux are consumed.
By comparing the embodiment 1 with the comparative example 1, the back-gouging-free welding method can be obtained, the efficiency is greatly improved, and 0.2kg/m of submerged arc welding wires and 0.24kg/m of welding flux (without energy consumption and auxiliary material consumption) are saved because the wire filling is not needed in plasma welding; meanwhile, dust and noise pollution caused by back chipping and polishing are avoided, the working environment of workers is improved, and the working intensity of the workers is reduced.
While the application has been described with reference to several exemplary embodiments, it is to be understood that the terminology used is intended to be in the nature of words of description and of limitation. As the present application may be embodied in several forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof, it should also be understood that the above-described embodiments are not limited by any of the details of the foregoing description, but rather should be construed broadly within its spirit and scope as defined in the appended claims, and therefore all changes and modifications that fall within the meets and bounds of the claims, or equivalences of such meets and bounds are therefore intended to be embraced by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A back-gouging-free welding method for welding two workpieces, the welding method comprising the steps of:
groove processing: processing the workpieces to enable grooves of the workpieces to be 1/2Y-shaped grooves, and butting the two workpieces to form Y-shaped welding grooves; the thickness of the workpiece is more than or equal to 10mm; the blunt edge of the Y-shaped welding groove has a size h of 6-7 mm, and the groove angle theta is 105-115 degrees;
pretreatment: removing rust, cutting slag, burrs, oil stains and dirt at the to-be-welded position of the workpiece;
spot welding: assembling and spot-welding the two workpieces to position the two workpieces;
backing welding: adopting plasma welding to weld the Y-shaped welding groove, and enabling one side to be thoroughly welded; the step of backing welding comprises the following steps: the plasma welding adopts direct current positive connection, the welding current is 200-240A, the arc voltage is 28-32V, the welding speed is 17-20 cm/min, the ion gas is 99.99% Ar, the flow is 5-7L/min, and the plasma shielding gas is 95% Ar+5% H 2 The flow is 20-25L/min, and the tail protection gas is 95% Ar+5% H 2 The flow is 7-10L/min, and the back protection gas is 95% Ar+5% H 2 The flow is 28-30L/min;
filling and cover welding: adopting submerged arc welding to continue welding the Y-shaped welding groove subjected to backing welding, filling the Y-shaped welding groove and covering the Y-shaped welding groove to finish welding; the filling and cover welding steps are as follows: the submerged arc welding adopts direct current reverse connection, the welding current is 360-500A, the arc voltage is 27-32V, and the welding speed is 45-55 cm/min.
2. The back-gouging-free welding method of claim 1, wherein the gap d of the Y-shaped welding groove is 0-0.5 mm.
3. The back-gouging-free welding method of claim 1, wherein the filling and face welding steps are as follows: and after each welding process, cleaning the welding slag, and then performing the next welding process until the Y-shaped welding groove is filled and covered.
4. The back-gouging-free welding method of claim 1, further comprising, after the step of base welding:
checking: and checking the front and back forming conditions of the welded seam after backing welding, and carrying out filling and cover welding after the welding seam is qualified.
5. The back-gouging-free welding method of claim 1, wherein the thickness of the workpiece is 10 mm-14 mm.
6. The back-gouging-free welding method according to claim 1, wherein in the spot welding step, a pairing gap between two workpieces is 0-0.5 mm, and no misalignment exists.
7. The back-gouging-free welding method of claim 1 wherein the workpiece is stainless steel.
8. The back-gouging-free welding method of claim 1 wherein the weld seam height is no more than 1mm during the spot welding step.
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| CN202310835426.8A CN116551131B (en) | 2023-07-10 | 2023-07-10 | Back chipping-free welding method |
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