CN116534906A - 一种磁性纳米分子筛及其制备方法和在低丰度蛋白富集中的应用 - Google Patents
一种磁性纳米分子筛及其制备方法和在低丰度蛋白富集中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116534906A CN116534906A CN202310543308.XA CN202310543308A CN116534906A CN 116534906 A CN116534906 A CN 116534906A CN 202310543308 A CN202310543308 A CN 202310543308A CN 116534906 A CN116534906 A CN 116534906A
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G49/00—Compounds of iron
- C01G49/02—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C01G49/08—Ferroso-ferric oxide [Fe3O4]
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- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/06—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
- B01J20/16—Alumino-silicates
- B01J20/18—Synthetic zeolitic molecular sieves
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28002—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J20/28004—Sorbent size or size distribution, e.g. particle size
- B01J20/28007—Sorbent size or size distribution, e.g. particle size with size in the range 1-100 nanometers, e.g. nanosized particles, nanofibers, nanotubes, nanowires or the like
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种磁性纳米分子筛及其制备方法和在低丰度蛋白富集中的应用。本发明所提出的磁性纳米分子筛的制备方法操作简单，采用一锅法制备，同时在保证分子筛表面性能，即蛋白吸附性能没有下降的同时，又赋予其磁性；为大规模的样本处理提供了一种更加简单、快速、高效的技术方法。本发明所提出的基于磁性分子筛的低丰度蛋白的富集，可应用于几乎所有的样本类型，有效解决了质谱检测时高丰度蛋白对低丰度蛋白的鉴定所造成的干扰，蛋白质鉴定数可提高100％‑700％。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及磁性纳米分子筛材料技术领域，具体涉及一种磁性纳米分子筛及其制备方法和在低丰度蛋白富集中的应用。
背景技术
蛋白质组学(proteomics)，是以蛋白质组为研究对象，从整体水平上研究蛋白质组成及其变化规律的科学，由此获得蛋白质水平上的关于细胞活动、疾病发生等过程的整体而全面的认识。蛋白质组学研究不仅能系统地揭示生命活动规律，而且能有效阐明疾病发生发展的分子机制和调控网络。基于液相色谱–串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)技术的鸟枪法蛋白质组学(shotgun proteomics)策略为复杂生物样品蛋白质组水平鉴定和定量提供了强有力的技术支撑。
然而对于一些动态分布范围宽的样本如血清、血浆、尿液、乳汁、脑脊液、唾液、细胞上清液等，基于LC-MS/MS的蛋白质组学研究受到了极大的限制。以血清或血浆为例，血清/血浆的动态范围分布极宽，估计有12-13个数量级，大约有22种蛋白质的浓度高达mg/mL，占总蛋白质的99％。而其他的数以千计的人们感兴趣的蛋白质，如组织泄漏蛋白和信号因子，在血浆中的浓度低至ng/mL甚至pg/mL。高丰度的功能蛋白造成的压倒性"掩盖"效应使得有价值的低丰度蛋白的检测非常困难，即使是使用最先进的质谱技术。
为了提高低丰度蛋白的检出覆盖度，基于免疫亲和力的高丰度蛋白的去除和肽段水平的组分分馏被开发出来。这些方法能够将血浆蛋白的鉴定数提高到500-800，但去除高丰度蛋白的过程中也会去除一些与高丰度蛋白互作的低丰度蛋白，导致重要的低丰度蛋白信息的损失。此外，该类方法的检测周期长，成本高，通量低；不适用于大规模的队列样本处理。更重要的是，基于抗体的高丰度蛋白去除方法只能针对特定样本类型进行特定蛋白的去除。非血液类样本，如脑脊液、尿液、乳汁、唾液、细胞上清液等样本，其高丰度蛋白种类与血清/血浆样本相差较大甚至完全不同，无法基于以上方法实现高丰度蛋白的去除。因此，迫切需要开发一种不受样本类型限制的、低成本、高通量并且易于操作的新方法，实现低丰度蛋白的快速和高效的富集，从而提高蛋白质的鉴定数。
发明内容
发明目的：本发明针对现有低丰度蛋白富集技术存在的问题，提出了一种磁性分子筛及其制备方法和在低丰度蛋白富集中的应用。本发明利用分子筛比表面积大、富含硅羟基的特点，通过其与蛋白质之间的静电作用、氢键作用、以及范德华力等实现各种样本类型中的低丰度蛋白质的富集；本发明所提出的磁性分子筛的制备方法，在保证分子筛表面性质不被破坏，分子筛的蛋白吸附性能没有下降的同时，又赋予其磁性；为大规模的样本处理提供了一种更加简单、快速、高效的技术方法，后期可实现高通量自动化生产。此外，该方法应用范围广泛，突破了基于免疫亲和力的高丰度蛋白去除方法的样本类型限制和蛋白质种类限制。
技术方案：为达到上述发明目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种磁性纳米分子筛的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
1)将Fe3O4加入柠檬酸钠溶液中，分散均匀后反应，之后分离，洗涤，干燥，得到柠檬酸钠改性的Fe3O4；
2)取柠檬酸钠改性的Fe3O4加入去离子水中，分散均匀，之后加入碱源，完全溶解；
3)向2)中加入模板剂、稳定剂与表面活性剂，溶解；
4)向3)加入硅源和碱金属源，溶解后于室温晶化，之后水热晶化，水热结束后，
通过过滤，洗涤，干燥，煅烧，即可得到磁性纳米分子筛。
优选的，步骤1)中，所述的Fe3O4的颗粒尺寸为10～500nm，更优选为20nm；柠檬酸钠溶液浓度为0.01mol/L～1mol/L；所述Fe3O4与柠檬酸钠溶液的的质量比为1：1～100；所述反应的温度和时间为：40～100℃，0.5h～6h；更优选为80℃，1.5h。
优选的，步骤2)中，所述的碱源为氨水、碱金属化合物、碱土金属化合物、尿素、季胺碱化合物、脂肪胺中的一种或多种；所述Fe3O4：碱源的质量比为Fe3O4：碱源＝1:2～20。
优选的，步骤3)中，所述的模板剂为三乙胺，二正丙胺，二异丙胺，四丙基氢氧化铵中的一种或多种；所述稳定剂为乙醇，异丙醇，丙三醇、乙二醇中的一种或多种；所述表面活性剂为十二烷基硫酸钠，十六烷基三甲基溴化铵，十八烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵中的一种或多种；以Fe3O4的用量作为对比，所述的模板剂，稳定剂，表面活性剂的质量比为Fe3O4：模板剂：稳定剂：表面活性剂＝1:0.1～10:0.05～5:0.01～3。
优选的，步骤4)中，所述硅源为正硅酸四甲酯、正硅酸四乙酯、正硅酸四正丙酯、正硅酸四正丁酯、硅溶胶、水玻璃、硅藻土中的一种或多种；所述碱金属源为偏铝酸钠，氯化铝，硫酸铜，氯化铜，硫酸锌，氯化锌中的一种或多种；以Fe3O4的用量作为对比，所述硅源，碱金属源的质量比为Fe3O4：硅源：碱金属源＝1:20～100:1～20；所述室温晶化时长为1～6h，所述水热晶化的温度为100～200℃，时长为24～120h。
本发明还提供了一种磁性纳米分子筛材料，由上述制备方法制得。所述的磁性纳米分子筛材料为Fe3O4型分子筛，Fe3O4被分子筛外壳所包覆。
本发明还提供了所述的磁性纳米分子筛在低丰度蛋白富集中的应用。
本发明最后提供了利用所述的磁性纳米分子筛富集低丰度蛋白的方法，包括以下步骤：
1)向待测样本中加入结合缓冲液和磁性纳米分子筛，得到混悬液；
2)将所述混悬液震荡孵育后，进行磁分离，去除上清液并保留沉淀；
3)加入清洗缓冲液洗涤沉淀，所得沉淀即为磁性纳米分子筛及其所富集的低丰度蛋白的混合物；
4)采用质谱、IHC、Elisa、Western blot或化学发光对目标蛋白质组或目标蛋白进行检测。
优选的，所述的待测样本类型选自血液、尿液、脑脊液、唾液、乳液、蛋清或细胞上清液；所述磁性纳米复合材料和待测样本的比例为1mg：5ul～10ml
优选的，步骤1)中，所述结合缓冲液的成分包括Tris、磷酸二氢钾、磷酸氢二钾、磷酸钾、磷酸、磷酸二氢钠、磷酸氢二钠、磷酸钠、氯化钾、氯化钠、柠檬酸、柠檬酸钠、巴比妥酸、巴比妥钠、氢氧化钠、盐酸、甲酸、乙酸、EDTA、SDS、NP-40、CHAPS、吐温、Triton、PEG、乙腈、甲醇的中的一种或任意组合，优选为Tris、EDTA的组合缓冲液。
优选的，步骤2)中，所述震荡孵育的条件为：18～37℃，500～2000rpm，孵育1～120min；所述置于磁力架上，放置时间为1～5min；
优选的，步骤3)中，所述清洗缓冲液选自步骤1)所使用的结合缓冲液或相应稀释液；所述洗涤沉淀3次，过程为：加入清洗缓冲液，室温震荡3min，将样本置于磁力架上磁分离2min后，弃上清，保留沉淀；重复以上过程3次。
优选的，步骤4)中，对目标蛋白检测的手段包括：质谱、IHC、Elisa、Western blot、化学发光中的一种或几种，优选质谱。
有益效果：
1、本发明所提出的磁性分子筛的制备方法，是在磁核外表面包覆合成的分子筛，即分子筛的合成与在磁核外表面包覆同时进行，在保证分子筛表面性质不被破坏，分子筛的蛋白吸附性能没有下降的同时，赋予其磁性；与直接在已合成的分子筛外表面引入磁核相比，本发明方法所得磁性分子筛的磁性更强。
2、本发明提出的磁性分子筛的制备方法制备简单，一锅法制备，适合工业放大生产和应用。
3、本发明为大规模的样本处理提供了一种更加简单、快速、高效的技术方法。非磁性材料需要高速离心才能实现固液分离，耗时又耗力；而磁分离仅需数秒即可完成，极大优化了样本的处理流程。
4、该方法应用范围广泛，适用于血液、尿液、脑脊液、唾液、乳液、蛋清、细胞上清液等多种含有高丰度蛋白的样本；突破了基于免疫亲和力的高丰度蛋白去除方法的样本类型限制和蛋白质种类限制。
5、基于磁性纳米分子筛的低丰度蛋白的富集，仅需孵育-洗涤2个步骤就可完成样本中低丰度蛋白的富集，与传统的基于免疫亲和力的高丰度蛋白的去除和组分分馏相比，显著减少了样本的处理步骤和操作时长。
6、与未经处理直接进行质谱检测的结果对比，经磁性纳米分子筛富集后的样本，其蛋白鉴定数可提高100％-700％，有效避免了质谱检测时高丰度蛋白对低丰度蛋白鉴定的干扰。
附图说明
图1为Fe3O4(a)、纳米分子筛(b)和磁性纳米分子筛(c)的扫描电子显微镜图片。
图2显示了磁性纳米分子筛的磁滞回线，a.磁核外包覆分子筛；b.分子筛表面加磁核。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明方案进行全面的描述，所述的实施案例是本发明中最优选实施方式，但本发明并不限于以下实施例。
实施例1
一种磁性纳米分子筛，由以下步骤制得：
1)将10nm的Fe3O4加入柠檬酸钠溶液中，柠檬酸钠溶液浓度为0.01mol/L，Fe3O4与柠檬酸钠溶液的的质量比为1：1，超声分散均匀后，40℃油浴搅拌6h，之后磁分离，并用水洗涤3次，真空烘箱干燥得到柠檬酸钠改性的Fe3O4。
2)取柠檬酸钠改性的Fe3O4加入去离子水中，超声分散均匀，之后加入适量的碱源氨水，并超声至碱源完全溶解，Fe3O4与碱源的质量比为Fe3O4：碱源＝1:2。
3)向2)中加入适量模板剂二正丙胺，稳定剂乙醇，与表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵，搅拌或超声溶解；以Fe3O4的用量作为对比，所述模板剂，稳定剂，表面活性剂的质量比为Fe3O4：模板剂：稳定剂：表面活性剂＝1:0.1:0.05:0.01。
4)向3)加入适量的硅源正硅酸四甲酯和碱金属源氯化铝，以Fe3O4的用量作为对比，所述硅源，碱金属源的质量比为Fe3O4：硅源：碱金属源＝1:20:1，搅拌溶解后，于室温晶化1h，置于聚四氟乙烯内衬中，放入水热釜中，100℃水热晶化120h，水热结束后，通过过滤，洗涤，干燥，煅烧即可得到磁性纳米分子筛。
实施例2
一种磁性纳米分子筛，由以下步骤制得：
1)将500nm的Fe3O4加入柠檬酸钠溶液中，柠檬酸钠溶液浓度为1mol/L，Fe3O4与柠檬酸钠溶液的的质量比为1：100，超声分散均匀后，100℃油浴搅拌0.5h，之后磁分离，并用水洗涤3次，真空烘箱干燥得到柠檬酸钠改性的Fe3O4。
2)取柠檬酸钠改性的Fe3O4加入去离子水中，超声分散均匀，之后加入适量的尿素，并超声至碱源完全溶解，Fe3O4与碱源的质量比为Fe3O4：碱源＝1:20。
3)向2)中加入适量模板剂二异丙胺，稳定剂丙三醇，与表面活性剂十八烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵，搅拌或超声溶解；以Fe3O4的用量作为对比，所述模板剂，稳定剂，表面活性剂的质量比为Fe3O4：模板剂：稳定剂：表面活性剂＝1:10:5:3。
4)向3)加入适量的硅源正硅酸四乙酯和碱金属源硫酸铜，以Fe3O4的用量作为对比，所述硅源，碱金属源的质量比为Fe3O4：硅源：碱金属源＝1:100:20，搅拌溶解后，于室温晶化6h，置于聚四氟乙烯内衬中，放入水热釜中，200℃水热晶化24h，水热结束后，通过过滤，洗涤，干燥，煅烧即可得到磁性纳米分子筛。
实施例3
材料制备
1)称取0.5g 20nm的Fe3O4加入200mL 0.1mol/L的柠檬酸钠溶液中，超声分散均匀后，80℃油浴搅拌1.5h，之后磁分离，并用去离子水洗涤3次，60℃真空烘箱干燥6h得到柠檬酸钠改性的Fe3O4。
2)取0.5g柠檬酸钠改性的Fe3O4加入30mL去离子水中，超声分散均匀，之后加入2gNaOH并超声至NaOH完全溶解。
3)向2)中加入三乙胺0.25g，异丙醇0.1g，十二烷基硫酸钠0.15g，超声至固体完全溶解。
4)向3)中加入偏铝酸钠3g，搅拌溶解，加入硅溶胶30g，搅拌溶解，室温晶化1h，水热150℃，72h，经过滤洗涤干燥煅烧即可获得磁性纳米分子筛材料。
5)作为对照，向30mL去离子水中加入2g氢氧化钠，溶解后，加入三乙胺0.25g，异丙醇0.1g，十二烷基硫酸钠0.15g，溶解后加入偏铝酸钠3g，搅拌溶解，加入硅溶胶30g，搅拌溶解，室温晶化1h，水热150℃，72h，经过滤洗涤干燥煅烧即可获得非磁性纳米分子筛。
血浆样本富集及液相色谱串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)检测
1)取3份40μL血浆样本，分别加入0.5mg Fe3O4、0.5mg磁性纳米分子筛、0.5mg纳
米分子筛；之后分别向其中加入260μL血液结合缓冲液，得到混悬液；
2)将所述混悬液在室温下1000rpm震荡孵育15min，之后置于磁力架上1min进行磁分离，去除上清液并保留沉淀；纳米分子筛组于12000g离心5min后去除上清液并保留沉淀；
3)向上述沉淀中加入500μL血液清洗缓冲液，1000rpm震荡3min,之后置于磁力架上1min进行磁分离，去除上清液并保留沉淀；纳米分子筛组于12000g离心5min后去除上清液并保留沉淀；重复该过程3次；
4)向上述沉淀中加入一定体积含有DTT的缓冲液重悬沉淀，95℃反应1h；之后加入一定体积IAM，避光室温反应45min。
5)加入10μL含有碳酸氢铵的消化缓冲液及1μg胰蛋白酶，混匀，37℃酶解4h。
6)加入过量甲酸溶液，12,000g离心5分钟，收集上清液加入SDB除盐柱，离心，使酶解后肽段结合于SDB柱上。
7)清洗SDB柱数次并解吸附，得到纯化后的肽段溶液。
8)冻干纯化后的肽段溶液，并使用上机缓冲液复溶肽段。
9)肽段使用纳升级高效液相色谱(Thermo Scientific UltiMate 3000UHPLC)串联质谱(Thermo Scientific Orbitrap Q Exactive HF mass spectrometer)，进行30分钟有效梯度的DIA数据采集。
10)使用DIA-NN软件(1.8.1版本)进行抽提，获得蛋白定性定量结果。
11)在3个人员同时操作，对3个不同来源血浆样品进行处理，每个样品三个平行重复
实验，鉴定到的蛋白数如表1所示：
表1血浆蛋白质鉴定数
尿液样本富集及LC-MS/MS检测
1)取1mL尿液样本，向其中加入0.5mg磁性纳米分子筛；之后加入200μL尿液结合缓冲液，得到混悬液；
2)将所述混悬液在室温下1000rpm震荡孵育15min，之后置于磁力架上1min进行磁分离，去除上清液并保留沉淀；
3)向上述沉淀中加入500μL尿液清洗缓冲液，1000rpm震荡3min,之后置于磁力架上
1min进行磁分离，去除上清液并保留沉淀；重复该过程3次；
4)向上述沉淀中加入一定体积含有DTT的缓冲液重悬沉淀，95℃反应1h；之后加入一定体积IAM，避光室温反应45min。
5)加入10μL含有碳酸氢铵的消化缓冲液及1μg胰蛋白酶，混匀，37℃酶解4h。
6)加入过量甲酸溶液，12,000g离心5分钟，收集上清液加入SDB除盐柱，离心，使酶解后肽段结合于SDB柱上。
7)清洗SDB柱数次并解吸附，得到纯化后的肽段溶液。
8)冻干纯化后的肽段溶液，并使用上机缓冲液复溶肽段。
9)肽段使用纳升级高效液相色谱(Thermo Scientific UltiMate 3000UHPLC)串联质谱(Thermo Scientific Orbitrap Q Exactive HF mass spectrometer)，进行30分钟有效梯度的DIA数据采集。
10)使用DIA-NN软件(1.8.1版本)进行数据抽提，获得蛋白定性定量结果。
11)在3个人员同时操作，对3个不同来源尿液样品进行处理，每个样品三个平行重复实验，鉴定到的蛋白数如表2所示：
表2尿液蛋白质鉴定数
| 人员1 | 人员2 | 人员3 | |
| Sample1-1 | 4356 | 4439 | 4567 |
| Sample1-2 | 4678 | 4678 | 4765 |
| Sample1-3 | 4723 | 4715 | 4523 |
| Sample2-1 | 4436 | 4803 | 4611 |
| Sample2-2 | 4789 | 4670 | 4658 |
| Sample2-3 | 4823 | 4599 | 4534 |
| Sample3-1 | 4690 | 4621 | 4813 |
| Sample3-2 | 4599 | 4707 | 4785 |
| Sample3-3 | 4615 | 4812 | 4673 |
脑脊液样本富集及LC-MS/MS检测
1)取80μL脑脊液样本，向其中加入0.5mg磁性纳米分子筛；之后加入220μL脑脊液结合缓冲液，得到混悬液；
2)将所述混悬液在室温下1000rpm震荡孵育15min，之后置于磁力架上1min进行磁分离，去除上清液并保留沉淀；
3)向上述沉淀中加入500μL脑脊液清洗缓冲液，1000rpm震荡3min,之后置于磁力架上1min进行磁分离，去除上清液并保留沉淀；重复该过程3次；
4)向上述沉淀中加入一定体积含有DTT的缓冲液重悬沉淀，95℃反应1h；之后加入一定体积IAM，避光室温反应45min。
5)加入10μL含有碳酸氢铵的消化缓冲液及1μg胰蛋白酶，混匀，37℃酶解4h。
6)加入过量甲酸溶液，12,000g离心5分钟，收集上清液加入SDB除盐柱，离心，使酶解后肽段结合于SDB柱上。
7)清洗SDB柱数次并解吸附，得到纯化后的肽段溶液。
8)冻干纯化后的肽段溶液，并使用上机缓冲液复溶肽段。
9)肽段使用纳升级高效液相色谱(Thermo Scientific UltiMate 3000UHPLC)串联质谱(Thermo Scientific Orbitrap Q Exactive HF mass spectrometer)，进行30分钟有效梯度的DIA数据采集。
10)使用DIA-NN软件(1.8.1版本)进行数据抽提，获得蛋白定性定量结果。
11)在3个人员同时操作，对3个不同来源尿液样品进行处理，每个样品三个平行重复实验，鉴定到的蛋白数如表3所示：
表3脑脊液蛋白质鉴定数
| 人员1 | 人员2 | 人员3 | |
| Sample1-1 | 2145 | 2199 | 2167 |
| Sample1-2 | 2206 | 2097 | 2132 |
| Sample1-3 | 2012 | 2101 | 2089 |
| Sample2-1 | 2098 | 2195 | 2101 |
| Sample2-2 | 2257 | 2136 | 2123 |
| Sample2-3 | 2178 | 2134 | 2166 |
| Sample3-1 | 20998 | 2087 | 2034 |
| Sample3-2 | 2065 | 2036 | 2201 |
| Sample3-3 | 2133 | 2124 | 2076 |
结论：
1.通过图1可以看出，磁性纳米分子筛与分子筛在形貌上无明显差别，都呈棒球型；
2.通过图2可以看出，本申请合成的磁性纳米分子筛相较于分子筛外表面加磁核(按照中国专利申请2022103010546实施例1制备的)有更好的磁性；
3.通过表1-3可以看出，磁性纳米分子筛对不同类型的生物样本均有优异的低丰度蛋白富集效果，能显著提升样本的蛋白质鉴定数，且基于磁性纳米分子筛的低丰度蛋白的富集方法学稳定。
Claims (9)
1.一种磁性纳米分子筛的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
1)将Fe3O4加入柠檬酸钠溶液中，分散均匀后反应，之后分离，洗涤，干燥，得到柠檬酸钠改性的Fe3O4；
2)取柠檬酸钠改性的Fe3O4加入去离子水中，分散均匀，之后加入碱源，完全溶解；
3)向2)中加入模板剂、稳定剂与表面活性剂，溶解；
4)向3)加入硅源和碱金属源，溶解后于室温晶化，之后水热晶化，水热结束后，
通过过滤，洗涤，干燥，煅烧，即可得到磁性纳米分子筛。
2.根据权利要求1所述的磁性纳米分子筛的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤1)中，所述的Fe3O4的颗粒尺寸为10～500nm；柠檬酸钠溶液浓度为0.01mol/L～1mol/L；所述Fe3O4与柠檬酸钠的质量比为1：1～100，所述反应的温度和时间为：40～100℃，0.5h～6h。
3.根据权利要求1所述的磁性纳米分子筛的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤2)中，所述的碱源为氨水、碱金属化合物、碱土金属化合物、尿素、季胺碱化合物、脂肪胺中的一种或多种；所述Fe3O4：碱源的质量比为Fe3O4：碱源＝1:2～20。
4.根据权利要求1所述的磁性纳米分子筛的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤3)中，所述的模板剂为三乙胺，二正丙胺，二异丙胺，四丙基氢氧化铵中的一种或多种；所述稳定剂为乙醇，异丙醇，丙三醇、乙二醇中的一种或多种；所述表面活性剂为十二烷基硫酸钠，十六烷基三甲基溴化铵，十八烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵中的一种或多种；以Fe3O4的用量作为对比，所述的模板剂，稳定剂，表面活性剂的质量比为Fe3O4：模板剂：稳定剂：表面活性剂＝1:0.1～10:0.05～5:0.01～3。
5.根据权利要求1所述的磁性纳米分子筛的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤4)中，所述硅源为正硅酸四甲酯、正硅酸四乙酯、正硅酸四正丙酯、正硅酸四正丁酯、硅溶胶、水玻璃、硅藻土中的一种或多种；所述碱金属源为偏铝酸钠，氯化铝，硫酸铜，氯化铜，硫酸锌，氯化锌中的一种或多种；以Fe3O4的用量作为对比，所述硅源，碱金属源的质量比为Fe3O4：硅源：碱金属源＝1:20～100:1～20；所述室温晶化时长为1～6h，所述水热晶化的温度为100～200℃，时长为24～120h。
6.一种磁性纳米分子筛材料，由权利要求1-5任一项所述制备方法制得。
7.权利要求6所述的磁性纳米分子筛在低丰度蛋白富集中的应用。
8.利用权利要求6所述的磁性纳米分子筛富集低丰度蛋白的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
1)向待测样本中加入结合缓冲液和磁性纳米分子筛，得到混悬液；
2)将所述混悬液震荡孵育后，进行磁分离，去除上清液并保留沉淀；
3)加入清洗缓冲液洗涤沉淀，所得沉淀即为磁性纳米分子筛及其所富集的低丰度蛋白的混合物；
4)采用质谱、IHC、Elisa、Western blot或化学发光对目标蛋白质组或目标蛋白进行检测。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，步骤1)中，所述的待测样本类型选自血液、尿液、脑脊液、唾液、乳液、蛋清或细胞上清液；所述磁性纳米分子筛材料和待测样本的比例为1mg：5ul～10ml。
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