CN116516742A - Multistage spring damper - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a multistage spring shock absorber, comprising: an outer sleeve; the first-stage vibration reduction unit comprises a sleeve, a top plate, a bottom plate and an outer spring, wherein the sleeve is positioned in the outer sleeve and protrudes downwards from the outer sleeve, the bottom plate is connected to the bottom end of the sleeve, the outer spring is positioned in the sleeve, the bottom end of the outer spring is positioned on the top plate, the top end of the outer spring lifts the top plate to the upper part of the sleeve, and a vibration reduction interval is formed between the top plate and the top end of the sleeve; the secondary vibration reduction unit comprises an inner spring, a pressing plate, a jacking column and a limiting ring, wherein the inner spring and the pressing plate are both positioned in an outer spring, the bottom end of the inner spring is positioned on a top plate, the pressing plate is positioned at the top end of the inner spring, the jacking column is connected to the pressing plate and upwards penetrates out of the top plate, and the limiting ring is sleeved on the jacking column and positioned in a vibration reduction zone.

Description

Multi-stage spring shock absorber

technical field

The invention relates to a shock absorber, in particular to a multi-stage spring shock absorber.

Background technique

In rail transit, the vibration and secondary noise caused by trains affect the life, work, rest and sleep of residents along the line, and may have a destructive effect on ancient buildings and affect the normal work of scientific research institutions. Anti-vibration design is of great significance for the tiny resonance caused by disturbance. At present, the main anti-vibration design is usually to install shock absorbers at the bottom of the track to reduce the impact of vertical vibration. The shock absorbers include flexible cushions, steel spring shock absorbers, thick rubber bearings, etc., but these shock absorbers are all Linear, in the face of various loads, the natural vibration frequency will change, which greatly reduces the vibration isolation effect. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a shock absorber that can meet various loads and still provide good vibration reduction effects.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a multi-stage spring shock absorber to solve one or more technical problems existing in the prior art, and to provide at least one beneficial option or creation condition.

The solution that the present invention solves its technical problem is:

The multi-stage spring shock absorber includes: an outer casing; a first-stage damping unit, which includes a sleeve, a top plate, a bottom plate and an outer spring, the sleeve is located in the outer casing and protrudes downward from the outer casing, The bottom plate is connected to the bottom end of the sleeve, the outer spring is located in the sleeve, the bottom end of the outer spring is located on the top plate, and the top end of the outer spring lifts the top plate to Above the sleeve, a damping zone is formed between the top plate and the top end of the sleeve; the secondary damping unit includes an inner spring, a pressure plate, a push post and a limit ring, and the inner spring and the The pressure plates are all located in the outer spring, the bottom end of the inner spring is located on the top plate, the pressure plate is located at the top of the inner spring, and the top column is connected to the pressure plate and passes through the The top plate, the limiting ring is sleeved on the top column and located in the vibration damping zone.

The technical solution has at least the following beneficial effects: when in use, the outer casing is connected to the floating plate of the peripheral, while the sleeve extends downwards from the outer casing and is connected to the supporting structure of the peripheral, floating The vibration of the track on the plate can be transmitted to the top plate. When the vibration on the top plate is small, the top plate moves down above the sleeve, and the elastic buffer is provided by the outer spring. At this time, the top plate moves down relative to the top column above the limit ring , the outer spring provides a first-level buffer. When the top plate is subjected to a large vibration, the top plate moves down and compresses the outer spring, and continues to move down after being against the limit ring. At this time, the limit ring can drive the top column to move down. , so that the inner spring is pressed through the top plate at the bottom of the top column, and the inner spring provides elastic buffer at the same time, which increases the elastic buffer effect on the top plate and realizes the secondary buffer. The shock absorber shows a variety of adaptive stiffness to achieve multi-level vibration reduction, that is, the stiffness changes adaptively under different loads to keep the vibration isolation frequency stable. The vibration response of the structure and equipment protected by the shock absorber under the action of vibration And the vibration transmission is effectively controlled to protect the structural safety under the action of vibration.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution, a connecting ring is connected to the top end of the sleeve, and preloading bolts are inserted through the top plate, and the preloading bolts pass through the connecting ring downwards and are connected with preloading nuts. After the preloading bolts pass through the connecting ring at the top of the sleeve, the preloading nuts on the preloading bolts can prevent the preloading bolts from falling out of the connecting ring under the upward elastic force of the top plate. Or install the height adjustment preloading nut on the preloading bolt to adjust the height of the preloading bolt pressing down on the top plate to adjust the preloading height of the spring.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution, an upwardly extending spacer is connected to the bottom plate, and the spacer is located between the outer spring and the inner spring. The spacer can separate the outer spring and the inner spring from each other, so as to prevent the outer spring and the inner spring from interfering with each other and affecting the stability of the overall structure.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the connecting ring is provided with an avoidance hole, the diameter of the avoidance hole is larger than the outer diameter of the preloading bolt, and the preloading bolt passes through the avoidance hole downwards, the The top of the spacer is sheathed on the outside of the pressure plate, and the spacer is made of elastic material. Since the diameter of the avoidance hole is larger than the outer diameter of the preloading bolt, the preloading bolt can have an offset space along the horizontal direction in the avoidance hole. When the pressure plate is vibrated, the outer spring and the inner spring can also provide vibration in the horizontal direction. Buffering and offsetting, when the pressure plate is displaced in the horizontal direction relative to the sleeve, it will drive the top of the sleeve to swing in the horizontal direction. At this time, the elastic sleeve can also provide buffering and offsetting for the vibration in the horizontal direction, so that The shock absorber has the effect of buffering and isolating vibrations in the three-dimensional direction, which greatly improves the stability of the protected structure.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the limiting ring is a first nut, and the first nut is connected to the top post through screw fit. The first nut can change the position of the threaded connection on the top post, thereby adjusting its height, changing the height that needs to be moved down when the inner spring is pressed down, that is, the vibration size that needs to be triggered from the first-level buffer to the second-level buffer.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the pressure plate is provided with a through hole, and the push post passes through the through hole downwards, and a second nut is connected to the push post through thread fit, and the second nut is offset on the top surface of the platen. The pressure plate can move up and down along the top column, and the inner spring presses the pressure plate upwards on the second nut. According to different vibration buffer or installation height requirements, the position of the second nut screwed on the top column can be changed to adjust the pressure plate. Press down the position of the inner spring, change the preload height of the inner spring, and have higher flexibility in use.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the inner spring is provided with a sub-spring and a sub-plate, the bottom end of the sub-spring is located on the top plate, the sub-plate is located at the top of the sub-spring, and the top post A third nut is connected to a position below the pressure plate through screw fit, the top column passes through the sub-board downwards, and there is a gap between the third nut and the sub-board. When the top plate is pressed down by vibration, the outer spring is firstly compressed to achieve a first-level buffer, and then the inner spring is compressed against the limit ring to achieve a second-level buffer. When the top column continues to move down, it drives the third nut to continue to move down , so that the third nut is against the top side of the sub-plate, and drives the sub-plate to press down on the sub-spring, thereby compressing the sub-spring at the same time, realizing three-stage buffering, further improving the ability of self-adaptive changes in stiffness under different loads, and improving Multi-level cushioning effect. In addition, the position of the third nut threaded on the top column can be changed before use, so as to change the height that the third nut needs to move down when pressing down the inner spring through the sub-plate, that is, from the second The size of the vibration that needs to be triggered from the first level of cushioning to the third level of cushioning.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution, a sealing ring is provided at the outer side where the sleeve is connected to the bottom plate. The sealing ring improves the tightness of the connection between the sleeve and the base plate.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution, an adhesive layer is connected to the bottom side of the bottom plate. The bottom plate can be conveniently positioned and connected to the supporting structure of the peripheral device through the adhesive layer, which improves the convenience of the overall assembly.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution, a plurality of reinforcing ribs are connected around the outside of the outer casing, and the upper and lower ends of each of the reinforcing ribs are bent in a direction away from the outer casing. The reinforcement ribs can increase the structural strength of the outer casing and improve the deformation resistance of the outer casing. The bent parts at the upper and lower ends of the reinforcement ribs form two plug-in structures, which can be inserted into the peripheral floating plate , to improve the stability of the outer sleeve installation.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly describe the drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments. Apparently, the described drawings are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments, and those skilled in the art can obtain other designs and drawings based on these drawings without creative work.

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

In the accompanying drawings: 100-outer sleeve, 210-sleeve, 211-connecting ring, 212-preload bolt, 213-preload nut, 220-top plate, 230-bottom plate, 240-outer spring, 310-inner spring, 320 -press plate, 330-top column, 340-limiting ring, 350-second nut, 400-spacer, 510-sub spring, 520-sub plate, 530-third nut, 600-sealing ring, 700-glue layer, 800-reinforcing ribs.

Detailed ways

Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals designate the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the figures are exemplary only for explaining the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation descriptions, such as up, down, front, back, left, right, etc. indicated orientations or positional relationships are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only In order to facilitate the description of the present invention and simplify the description, it does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, several means one or more, and multiple means more than two. Greater than, less than, exceeding, etc. are understood as not including the original number, and above, below, within, etc. are understood as including the original number. If the description of the first and second is only for the purpose of distinguishing the technical features, it cannot be understood as indicating or implying the relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features or implicitly indicating the order of the indicated technical features relation.

In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined, words such as setting, installation, and connection should be understood in a broad sense, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meanings of the above words in the present invention in combination with the specific content of the technical solution.

Referring to Fig. 1, a multistage spring damper includes an outer casing 100 and a damping body. As an embodiment 1, the damping body includes a primary damping unit and a secondary damping unit, wherein the primary damping unit includes a sleeve 210, top plate 220, bottom plate 230 and outer spring 240, the sleeve 210 is located in the outer sleeve 100 and protrudes downward from the outer sleeve 100, the bottom plate 230 is connected to the bottom end of the sleeve 210 , the outer spring 240 is located in the sleeve 210, the bottom end of the outer spring 240 is located on the top plate 220, and the top end of the outer spring 240 lifts the top plate 220 to the top of the sleeve 210. Above, a damping zone is formed between the top plate 220 and the top of the sleeve 210. When in use, the top plate 220 moves down to the height range of the damping zone to play a role of damping and buffering. When the top plate 220 and the sleeve 210 When in contact, at this time, the sleeve 210 provides rigid support for the top plate 220; the secondary damping unit includes an inner spring 310, a pressure plate 320, a top post 330 and a limit ring 340, and the inner spring 310 and the pressure plate 320 are all located in the outer spring 240, the bottom end of the inner spring 310 is located on the top plate 220, the pressure plate 320 is located at the top of the inner spring 310, the top column 330 is connected to the pressure plate 320 and Passing through the top plate 220 upwards, the limiting ring 340 is sleeved on the top post 330 and located in the vibration damping area.

It can be seen from the above that when in use, the outer sleeve 100 is connected to the floating plate of the peripheral device, while the sleeve 210 protrudes downward from the outer sleeve 100 and is connected to the supporting structure of the peripheral device. The vibration can be transmitted to the top plate 220. When the vibration of the top plate 220 is small, the top plate 220 will move down above the sleeve 210, and the outer spring 240 will provide elastic buffer. The upper position moves down relatively, and the outer spring 240 provides a first-level buffer. When the top plate 220 is subjected to a large vibration, the top plate 220 moves down and compresses the outer spring 240, and continues to move downward after contacting the limit ring 340. At this time The stop ring 340 can drive the top column 330 to move down, thereby exerting pressure on the inner spring 310 through the top plate 220 at the bottom of the top column 330, and the inner spring 310 provides an elastic buffer at the same time, increasing the elastic buffer effect on the top plate 220 to achieve two In this way, through the nesting and matching of various internal springs, the shock absorber shows a variety of adaptive stiffness, realizing multi-level vibration reduction, that is, the stiffness changes adaptively under different loads, and the vibration isolation frequency is kept stable. The structure and equipment protected by the shock absorber can effectively control the vibration response and vibration transmission under the action of vibration, and protect the structural safety under the action of vibration.

In order to improve the stability between the top plate 220 and the sleeve 210, a sliding connection structure can be set between the top plate 220 and the sleeve 210, so that the top plate 220 can be provided with the freedom of moving up and down, and the horizontal displacement of the top plate 220 can be controlled. As a limitation, in this embodiment, a connecting ring 211 is connected to the top end of the sleeve 210. In practical applications, the connecting ring 211 and the sleeve 210 are integrally formed, and the top plate 220 is interspersed with preloading bolts 212. , the preloading bolts 212 pass through the connecting ring 211 downwards and are connected with preloading nuts 213, the preloading bolts 212 directly pass through the holes opened on the top plate 220 and the connecting ring 211, and connect with the top plate 220 and the connecting ring 211 There is no need for a threaded fit between them. After the preloading bolt 212 passes through the connecting ring 211 at the top of the sleeve 210, the preloading nut 213 on the preloading bolt 212 can prevent the top plate 220 from causing the preloading bolt 212 to escape from the connecting ring 211 under the upward elastic force. Before use, The position of the preload nut 213 on the preload bolt 212 can also be adjusted according to different vibration damping requirements or installation heights, thereby adjusting the height at which the preload bolt 212 presses down on the top plate 220 to adjust the preload height of the spring.

In practical applications, a plurality of preloading bolts 212 are arranged at intervals around the sleeve 210 .

In order to limit the inner spring 310, an upwardly extending positioning column can be directly arranged on the bottom plate 230 facing the position of the inner spring 310. At this time, the horizontal displacement stroke of the inner spring 310 is limited, and in order to directly connect the outer spring 240 with the inner The position of the spring 310 is limited. As shown in FIG. 2, in the second embodiment, the bottom plate 230 is connected with an upwardly extending spacer 400, and the spacer 400 is located between the outer spring 240 and the inner spring. Between 310. The spacer 400 can separate the outer spring 240 from the inner spring 310, limit the position of the inner spring 310 from the outer side of the inner spring 310, and limit the position of the outer spring 240 from the inner side of the outer spring 240, so as to prevent the outer spring 240 from interacting with the inner spring 310. Interference, affecting the overall structural stability.

In the above embodiment, the entire shock absorber mainly buffers and offsets the vibration in the vertical direction. In addition, the spacer 400 can be a rigid structure installed on the bottom plate 230, and only the outer spring 240 and the inner spring 310 provide mutual separation. Function, the spacer 400 can also be directly integrated with the bottom plate 230, and in order to further improve the vibration buffering effect, in this embodiment, the connecting ring 211 is provided with an avoidance hole, and the diameter of the avoidance hole is larger than the The outer diameter of the preloading bolt 212, the preloading bolt 212 passes through the avoidance hole downwards, the top of the spacer 400 is sleeved on the outside of the pressure plate 320, and the top end of the spacer 400 is located at Below the damping section, the spacer 400 is made of elastic material, for example, the spacer 400 is made of rubber, and the bottom end of the spacer 400 can be directly fixed to the top side of the bottom plate 230 by hot-melting. Because the aperture of the avoidance hole is greater than the outer diameter of the preloading bolt 212, the preloading bolt 212 can have an offset space along the horizontal direction in the avoidance hole, and when the pressing plate 320 is subjected to vibration, the outer spring 240 and the inner spring 310 can also be aligned. The vibration in the horizontal direction provides cushioning and counteracting. When the pressure plate 320 is displaced in the horizontal direction relative to the sleeve 210, it will drive the top of the sleeve 210 to swing in the horizontal direction. At this time, the elastic sleeve 210 can also move horizontally The vibration provides cushioning and offsetting, so that the shock absorber has a three-dimensional buffering and vibration isolation effect, which greatly improves the stability of the protected structure.

In the above embodiment, the limit ring 340 can be directly fixed on the top column 330, at this time the distance between the top plate 220 and the limit ring 340 is fixed, if necessary adjust the distance between the top plate 220 and the limit ring 340, Only different outer springs 240 can be selected to change the lifting height of the outer spring 240 to the top plate 220, and in order to improve the overall convenience of use, in this embodiment, the stop ring 340 is the first nut, the top post The outer side of 330 is provided with an external thread, and at this time, the first nut is connected to the top post 330 through thread fit. The first nut can change the position of the threaded connection on the top post 330, thereby adjusting its height, changing the height that needs to move down when pressing down on the inner spring 310, that is, the vibration that needs to be triggered from the first-level buffer to the second-level buffer size.

In the above-mentioned embodiment, the pressure plate 320 can be directly connected and fixed on the top column 330, and the degree of pre-compression of the inner spring 310 by the pressure plate 320 is not adjustable, and in order to improve the flexibility of use, in this embodiment, the The pressure plate 320 is provided with a through hole, the top post 330 passes through the through hole downwards, the top post 330 is threadedly connected with a second nut 350, and the second nut 350 is against the pressure plate 320 top surface. The pressure plate 320 can move up and down along the top column 330, and the inner spring 310 presses the pressure plate 320 upwards on the second nut 350. According to different vibration buffering or installation height requirements, the thread of the second nut 350 on the top column 330 can be changed. The position of the connection, so as to adjust the pressing position of the pressure plate 320 against the inner spring 310, change the pre-compression height of the inner spring 310, and have higher flexibility in use.

As shown in Figure 3, in the third embodiment, the shock absorber can also achieve three-stage buffering. Specifically, the inner spring 310 is provided with a sub-spring 510 and a sub-plate 520, and the bottom end of the sub-spring 510 is located at On the top plate 220, the sub-plate 520 is located at the top of the sub-spring 510, and the position of the top post 330 located below the pressure plate 320 is connected with a third nut 530 through screw fit, and the top post 330 is downward Through the sub-board 520 , there is a gap between the third nut 530 and the sub-board 520 . When the top plate 220 is pressed down by vibration, the outer spring 240 is first compressed to achieve a first-level buffer, and then the inner spring 310 is compressed against the limit ring 340 to achieve a second-level buffer. When the top column 330 continues to move down, it drives the first The three nuts 530 continue to move down, so that the third nut 530 is against the top side of the sub-board 520, and drives the sub-board 520 to press down on the sub-spring 510, thereby compressing the sub-spring 510 at the same time, realizing three-stage buffering, and further improving the resistance to different The ability of self-adaptive change of stiffness under load can improve the effect of multi-level cushioning. In addition, the position of the third nut 530 screwed on the top column 330 can be changed before use, thereby changing the inner alignment of the third nut 530 through the sub-board 520. The height that the spring 310 needs to move down when it is pressed down, that is, the magnitude of the vibration that needs to be triggered from the second-level buffer to the third-level buffer.

In summary, under this overall structural design, four-stage buffering, five-stage buffering, etc. can be further added. For example, for four-stage buffering, a fourth spring can also be provided in the sub-spring 510, and the bottom end of the fourth spring Corresponding to the bottom plate 230, and the top of the fourth spring can be provided with a fourth plate body, and the position where the top post 330 is located below the sub-board 520 is connected with a fourth nut through screw fit, and the top post 330 passes through the fourth plate downwards. There is also a gap between the fourth nut and the fourth plate. When the top plate 220 realizes the three-level buffer, the fourth nut on the top column 330 continues to move down until the fourth nut is against the top side of the fourth plate. , at this time, the fourth plate is driven to press down the fourth spring, thereby simultaneously compressing the fourth spring to realize four-stage buffering.

In addition, a spacer sleeve can also be provided between the inner spring 310 and the sub-spring 510. The bottom end of the spacer sleeve is connected to the bottom plate 230. The spacer sleeve is mainly used to separate the inner spring 310 and the sub-spring 510 from each other, so as to avoid both Mutual interference occurs when the elastic deformation occurs. In addition, the spacer, like the spacer 400, can also be made of elastic material. The plate 520 positions the top of the isolation sleeve, and uses the isolation sleeve to further buffer and offset vibration in the horizontal direction, improving the overall three-dimensional shock isolation capability.

The sleeve 210 and the base plate 230 can be integrally formed, and there is no need to reassemble the two during installation. In some embodiments, the sleeve 210 and the base plate 230 are of a split structure, and the two can be assembled during assembly. Fixing by welding, riveting or screwing, and in order to improve the connection effect between the sleeve 210 and the bottom plate 230 , a sealing ring 600 is provided at the outer position of the connection between the sleeve 210 and the bottom plate 230 . The sealing ring 600 can improve the sealing performance of the connection between the sleeve 210 and the bottom plate 230 .

In some embodiments, an adhesive layer 700 is attached to the bottom side of the bottom plate 230 . The bottom plate 230 can be conveniently positioned and connected to the supporting structure of the peripheral device through the adhesive layer 700, which improves the convenience of the overall assembly.

In some embodiments, a plurality of reinforcing ribs 800 are connected around the outside of the outer casing 100 , and the upper and lower ends of each of the reinforcing ribs 800 are bent away from the outer casing 100 . The reinforcement rib 800 can increase the structural strength of the outer sleeve 100 and improve the deformation resistance of the outer sleeve 100. The bent parts at the upper and lower ends of the reinforcement rib 800 form two plug structures, which can be inserted into the external device In order to improve the stability of the installation of the outer sleeve 100, in practical applications, the reinforcing rib 800 can be driven into the floating plate of the peripheral device first, and then the outer sleeve 100 and the reinforcing rib 800 are connected and fixed .

The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, but the invention is not limited to the described embodiments, and those skilled in the art can also make various equivalent modifications or replacements without violating the spirit of the present invention. These equivalent modifications or replacements are all within the scope defined by the claims of the present application.

Claims (10)

1. Multistage spring damper, its characterized in that: comprising the following steps:

an outer sleeve (100);

the primary vibration reduction unit comprises a sleeve (210), a top plate (220), a bottom plate (230) and an outer spring (240), wherein the sleeve (210) is positioned in the outer sleeve (100) and protrudes downwards from the outer sleeve (100), the bottom plate (230) is connected to the bottom end of the sleeve (210), the outer spring (240) is positioned in the sleeve (210), the bottom end of the outer spring (240) is positioned on the top plate (220), the top end of the outer spring (240) pushes the top plate (220) up to the upper side of the sleeve (210), and a vibration reduction zone is formed between the top plate (220) and the top end of the sleeve (210);

the secondary vibration reduction unit comprises an inner spring (310), a pressing plate (320), a jacking column (330) and a limiting ring (340), wherein the inner spring (310) and the pressing plate (320) are both positioned in the outer spring (240), the bottom end of the inner spring (310) is positioned on the top plate (220), the pressing plate (320) is positioned at the top end of the inner spring (310), the jacking column (330) is connected to the pressing plate (320) and penetrates out of the top plate (220) upwards, and the limiting ring (340) is sleeved on the jacking column (330) and positioned in the vibration reduction section.

2. The multi-stage spring damper according to claim 1, wherein: the top end of the sleeve (210) is connected with a connecting ring (211), a pre-pressing bolt (212) is inserted in the top plate (220), and the pre-pressing bolt (212) downwards penetrates out of the connecting ring (211) and is connected with a pre-pressing nut (213).

3. The multi-stage spring damper according to claim 2, wherein: the bottom plate (230) is connected with an upward extending separation barrel (400), and the separation barrel (400) is positioned between the outer spring (240) and the inner spring (310).

4. A multi-stage spring damper according to claim 3, wherein: the connecting ring (211) is provided with an avoidance hole, the aperture of the avoidance hole is larger than the outer diameter of the pre-pressing bolt (212), the pre-pressing bolt (212) downwards penetrates through the avoidance hole, the top of the separation barrel (400) is sleeved on the outer side of the pressing plate (320), and the separation barrel (400) is made of elastic materials.

5. The multi-stage spring damper according to claim 1, wherein: the limiting ring (340) is a first nut, and the first nut is connected to the top column (330) through threaded fit.

6. The multi-stage spring damper according to claim 5, wherein: the pressing plate (320) is provided with a through hole, the top column (330) downwards penetrates out of the through hole, a second nut (350) is connected to the top column (330) through threaded fit, and the second nut (350) abuts against the top surface of the pressing plate (320).

7. The multi-stage spring damper according to claim 5, wherein: be provided with sub-spring (510) and subplate (520) in interior spring (310), the bottom of subplate (510) is located on roof (220), subplate (520) are located the top of subplate (510), jack-prop (330) are located the position of clamp plate (320) below is connected with third nut (530) through screw-thread fit, jack-prop (330) pass downwards subplate (520), third nut (530) with have the clearance between subplate (520).

8. The multi-stage spring damper according to claim 1, wherein: a sealing ring (600) is arranged at the outer side of the sleeve (210) connected with the bottom plate (230).

9. The multi-stage spring damper according to claim 1, wherein: the bottom side of the bottom plate (230) is connected with an adhesive layer (700).

10. The multi-stage spring damper according to claim 1, wherein: the outer side of the outer sleeve (100) is connected with a plurality of reinforcing ribs (800) in a surrounding mode, and the upper end and the lower end of each reinforcing rib (800) are bent in the direction away from the outer sleeve (100).