CN116508752B - Application of exogenous choline chloride in alleviating CdCl2 stress on okra seedlings - Google Patents
Application of exogenous choline chloride in alleviating CdCl2 stress on okra seedlings Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN116508752B CN116508752B CN202310550596.1A CN202310550596A CN116508752B CN 116508752 B CN116508752 B CN 116508752B CN 202310550596 A CN202310550596 A CN 202310550596A CN 116508752 B CN116508752 B CN 116508752B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- okra
- stress
- cdcl
- under
- choline chloride
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 241001075517 Abelmoschus Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 208
- 239000001763 2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 123
- 235000019743 Choline chloride Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 123
- 229960003178 choline chloride Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 123
- SGMZJAMFUVOLNK-UHFFFAOYSA-M choline chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)CCO SGMZJAMFUVOLNK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 title claims abstract description 123
- YKYOUMDCQGMQQO-UHFFFAOYSA-L cadmium dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Cd]Cl YKYOUMDCQGMQQO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 title claims description 24
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 64
- ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M chlorophyll a Chemical compound C1([C@@H](C(=O)OC)C(=O)C2=C3C)=C2N2C3=CC(C(CC)=C3C)=[N+]4C3=CC3=C(C=C)C(C)=C5N3[Mg-2]42[N+]2=C1[C@@H](CCC(=O)OC\C=C(/C)CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@H](C)C2=C5 ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M 0.000 claims description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229930002875 chlorophyll Natural products 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000019804 chlorophyll Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000021466 carotenoid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001747 carotenoids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229930002868 chlorophyll a Natural products 0.000 claims description 8
- 229930002869 chlorophyll b Natural products 0.000 claims description 7
- NSMUHPMZFPKNMZ-VBYMZDBQSA-M chlorophyll b Chemical compound C1([C@@H](C(=O)OC)C(=O)C2=C3C)=C2N2C3=CC(C(CC)=C3C=O)=[N+]4C3=CC3=C(C=C)C(C)=C5N3[Mg-2]42[N+]2=C1[C@@H](CCC(=O)OC\C=C(/C)CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@H](C)C2=C5 NSMUHPMZFPKNMZ-VBYMZDBQSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 17
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 abstract description 12
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 abstract description 12
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 abstract description 10
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 210000000170 cell membrane Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 122
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 24
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 17
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 16
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 102000016938 Catalase Human genes 0.000 description 10
- 108010053835 Catalase Proteins 0.000 description 10
- 102000003992 Peroxidases Human genes 0.000 description 10
- 108040007629 peroxidase activity proteins Proteins 0.000 description 10
- 108060006004 Ascorbate peroxidase Proteins 0.000 description 9
- WSMYVTOQOOLQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malondialdehyde Chemical compound O=CCC=O WSMYVTOQOOLQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 102000019197 Superoxide Dismutase Human genes 0.000 description 9
- 108010012715 Superoxide dismutase Proteins 0.000 description 9
- 229940118019 malondialdehyde Drugs 0.000 description 9
- 108010063907 Glutathione Reductase Proteins 0.000 description 8
- 102000006587 Glutathione peroxidase Human genes 0.000 description 8
- 108700016172 Glutathione peroxidases Proteins 0.000 description 8
- 102100036442 Glutathione reductase, mitochondrial Human genes 0.000 description 8
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000036579 abiotic stress Effects 0.000 description 7
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 230000015784 hyperosmotic salinity response Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000007226 seed germination Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000009261 transgenic effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 244000017020 Ipomoea batatas Species 0.000 description 6
- 235000002678 Ipomoea batatas Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229930003935 flavonoid Natural products 0.000 description 5
- 150000002215 flavonoids Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 235000017173 flavonoids Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 5
- 241000219195 Arabidopsis thaliana Species 0.000 description 4
- 101001022706 Arabidopsis thaliana Transcription factor MYB12 Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 210000003763 chloroplast Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000243 photosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000024346 drought recovery Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000008557 oxygen metabolism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 240000004507 Abelmoschus esculentus Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000003934 Abelmoschus esculentus Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000399949 Ditylenchus dipsaci Species 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108091000020 Myo-Inositol-1-Phosphate Synthase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 2
- QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorous acid Chemical compound ClO QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000392 somatic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 240000005959 Abelmoschus manihot Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000001075 Abelmoschus manihot Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000219194 Arabidopsis Species 0.000 description 1
- 108700032717 Arabidopsis bHLH112 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108091035710 E-box Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 240000008917 Glycyrrhiza uralensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000000554 Glycyrrhiza uralensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000219071 Malvaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 108091005461 Nucleic proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AUNGANRZJHBGPY-SCRDCRAPSA-N Riboflavin Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)CN1C=2C=C(C)C(C)=CC=2N=C2C1=NC(=O)NC2=O AUNGANRZJHBGPY-SCRDCRAPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960000892 attapulgite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004637 cellular stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001752 chlorophylls and chlorophyllins Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008641 drought stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020774 essential nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 108010060641 flavanone synthetase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010842 industrial wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003859 lipid peroxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100000053 low toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000002366 mineral element Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108020004707 nucleic acids Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000039446 nucleic acids Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 150000007523 nucleic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000003463 organelle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004792 oxidative damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052625 palygorskite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001277 pectin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010987 pectin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001814 pectin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005502 peroxidation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035790 physiological processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005648 plant growth regulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004382 potting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012113 quantitative test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002000 scavenging effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009758 senescence Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011345 viscous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003700 vitamin C derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N33/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds
- A01N33/02—Amines; Quaternary ammonium compounds
- A01N33/12—Quaternary ammonium compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
- A01P21/00—Plant growth regulators
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an application of exogenous choline chloride in relieving stress of CdCl 2 on okra seedlings, and belongs to the technical field of research on relieving heavy metal stress of plants. The invention discloses application of choline chloride in relieving stress injury of okra CdCl 2. The invention takes the Taiwan five-furs of okra variety as a test material, researches the relationship between choline chloride and leaf damage, photosynthesis, antioxidant enzyme system and cell membrane system of okra under CdCl 2 stress, discusses the action mechanism of choline chloride on resisting heavy metal stress in plants, provides a theoretical basis for safe production of okra, and has wide application space and market prospect in the agricultural field.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of research for relieving heavy metal stress of plants, and particularly relates to application of exogenous choline chloride in relieving CdCl 2 stress injury of okra seedlings.
Background
Cadmium is a non-essential nutrient element for plants. The low concentration cadmium plays a certain role in promoting plant growth, but the high concentration cadmium has a great toxic effect on plants. With the development of industry, industrial wastewater and pollutants enter soil to pollute the environment, and the problem of cadmium pollution in soil in China is serious. Studies show that excessive cadmium also causes stress on plants, inhibits synthesis of chlorophyll and photosynthesis, causes symptoms of slow growth, short plant, green-removing, yield reduction and the like of the plants under the stress of cadmium, and high-concentration cadmium can destroy active oxygen metabolism balance in the plants, and increase accumulation of active oxygen leads to peroxidation of membrane lipid and reduction of activity of antioxidant enzyme in the plants.
Okra contains abundant proteins, free amino acids, carotenoid, various vitamins, mineral elements such as phosphorus, iron, potassium, calcium and the like, and viscous substances composed of pectin, polysaccharide and the like, has various health care functions, and is welcomed by wide consumers. Research shows that the growth of okra leaves under cadmium stress and the activity of antioxidant enzymes are inhibited, the quality of okra fruits under cadmium stress is reduced, and the accumulation of cadmium in the fruits also affects the health of human beings. Therefore, the alleviation of the damage of cadmium stress to okra is of great importance.
Choline chloride (Choline Chloride, abbreviated as CC) has wide application in agricultural development as a novel plant growth regulator, and has the characteristics of low toxicity, no pollution to soil and the like, thereby further increasing the application range. The research of the invention shows that the exogenous choline chloride can enhance the tolerance of plants to abiotic stress and relieve the damage of adversity to the plants.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that the Cd content of okra seedlings growing under the stress of CdCl 2 is high, and provides application of choline chloride in relieving the stress damage of CdCl 2 of okra seedlings.
Use of choline chloride for alleviating stress injury of plant CdCl 2 or improving stress resistance of plant CdCl 2.
Use of choline chloride in at least one of the following (a 1) - (a 29):
(a1) The chlorophyll a content of okra under CdCl 2 stress is improved;
(a2) Preparing a product for improving chlorophyll a content of okra under CdCl 2 stress;
(a3) The chlorophyll b content of okra under CdCl 2 stress is improved;
(a4) Preparing a product for increasing the chlorophyll b content of okra under the stress of CdCl 2;
(a5) The total chlorophyll content of okra under CdCl 2 stress is improved;
(a6) Preparing a product for improving the total chlorophyll content of okra under the stress of CdCl 2;
(a7) The total carotenoid content of okra under CdCl 2 stress is improved;
(a8) Preparing a product for increasing the total carotenoid content of okra under the stress of CdCl 2;
(a9) The relative water content of okra under CdCl 2 stress is improved;
(a10) Preparing a product for increasing the relative water content of okra under the stress of CdCl 2;
(a11) Improving SOD activity of okra under CdCl 2 stress;
(a12) Preparing a product for improving SOD activity of okra under CdCl 2 stress;
(a13) The GPX activity of okra under CdCl 2 stress is improved;
(a14) Preparing a product for improving GPX activity of okra under CdCl 2 stress;
(a15) Improving CAT activity of okra under CdCl 2 stress;
(a16) Preparing a product for improving CAT activity of okra under CdCl 2 stress;
(a17) Improving GR activity of okra under CdCl 2 stress;
(a18) Preparing a product for improving GR activity of okra under CdCl 2 stress;
(a19) Improving the APX activity of okra under CdCl 2 stress;
(a20) Preparing a product for improving the APX activity of okra under the stress of CdCl 2;
(a21) The POD activity of okra under CdCl 2 stress is improved;
(a22) Preparing a product for improving POD activity of okra under CdCl 2 stress;
(a23) Reducing MDA content of okra under CdCl 2 stress;
(a24) Preparing a product for reducing MDA content of okra under CdCl 2 stress;
(a25) The electrolyte permeability of okra under the stress of CdCl 2 is reduced;
(a26) Preparing a product for reducing the electrolyte permeability of okra under the stress of CdCl 2;
(a27) Reducing the H 2O2 content of okra under CdCl 2 stress;
(a28) Preparing a product for reducing the H 2O2 content of okra under the stress of CdCl 2;
(a29) Improving stress resistance of okra CdCl 2.
The application is characterized in that choline chloride with the concentration of 0.1-6.0 mmol/L is adopted to carry out foliar spray on plants.
A method for culturing okra comprises spraying choline chloride with concentration of 0.1-6.0 mmol/L onto leaf surface of okra. Preferably, choline chloride with the concentration of 1.0-4.0 mmol/L is adopted to carry out foliar spray on the okra. It is further preferable that choline chloride with the concentration of 1.5-3.0 mmol/L is adopted to carry out foliar spray on the okra. Most preferably, choline chloride with the concentration of 3.0 mmol/L is adopted for carrying out foliar spraying on the okra.
A method for relieving stress injury of okra CdCl 2 adopts choline chloride with concentration of 0.1-6.0 mmol/L to spray leaf surface of okra. Preferably, choline chloride with the concentration of 1.0-4.0 mmol/L is adopted to carry out foliar spray on the okra. It is further preferable that choline chloride with a concentration of 1.5-3.0 mmol/L is used for foliar spraying of the okra. Most preferably, choline chloride with the concentration of 3.0 mmol/L is adopted for carrying out foliar spraying on the okra.
The invention also protects the application of choline chloride in the selection and breeding of okra against CdCl 2 stress.
The invention also protects the application of the method in the selection and breeding of the okra resisting CdCl 2 stress.
The above plant is any one of the following (c 1) to (c 3):
(c1) Dicotyledonous plants;
(c2) Plants of the family Malvaceae;
(c3) Okra.
In any of the above applications or methods, the okra is specifically okra in a seedling stage.
Any of the above okra may be okra of Taiwan five-Fu.
The application of the exogenous choline chloride in relieving the stress effect of CdCl 2 on okra seedlings provided by the invention is that the exogenous choline chloride sprayed can improve the CdCl 2 stress resistance of okra plants. 0.1 The test result of the stress germination rate of the mmol/L CdCl 2 shows that the germination rate and fresh weight of the okra seeds treated by the choline chloride of 1.5 and 3.0 mmol/L are obviously higher than those of the okra seeds treated by the choline chloride of 0.0 and 6.0mmol/L, and compared with the choline chloride plants of 0.0 mmol/L, the germination rate and fresh weight of the okra seeds treated by the choline chloride of 1.5 and 3.0 mmol/L are respectively improved by 55%, 112% and 45% and 106%, wherein the okra seedlings treated by the choline chloride of 3.0 mmol/L have the best effect. 0.1 The test result of the potted plant stressed by the mmol/L CdCl 2 shows that the plant treated by exogenous choline chloride grows well and the resistance is improved, the fresh weight and the dry weight of the potted plant treated by choline chloride are obviously higher than 0.0 mmol/L, 68%, 135%, 20% and 180%, 253% and 163% are respectively improved compared with the potted plant treated by choline chloride treated by 0.0 mmol/L, wherein the plant treated by choline chloride treated by 3.0 mmol/L has the best effect, and the strong CdCl 2 stress resistance is expressed, and the material of the okra seedling after being treated by choline chloride has the advantages of increasing the chlorophyll a content, increasing the chlorophyll b content, increasing the total chlorophyll content, increasing the total carotenoid content, increasing the relative water content, increasing the SOD activity, increasing the GPX activity, increasing the CAT activity, increasing the GR activity, increasing the APX activity, increasing the POD activity, reducing the electrolyte permeability, reducing the H 2O2 content and reducing the malondialdehyde content.
The result shows that the choline chloride has important application in relieving the stress effect of CdCl 2 on okra seedlings, the choline chloride can promote the growth of okra seedlings under the stress of CdCl 2 by using the choline chloride crop relieving agent with a certain concentration, the tolerance of the okra seedlings to the stress of CdCl 2 is improved, the relationship between the choline chloride and the leaf damage, photosynthesis, an antioxidant enzyme system and a cell membrane system of okra under the stress of CdCl 2 is studied, the action mechanism of the choline chloride in resisting heavy metal stress of plants is discussed, and a theoretical basis is provided for the safe production of the okra, so that the choline chloride has wide application space and market prospect in the agricultural field.
Drawings
FIG. 1 effect of different concentrations (0.000, 0.025, 0.050, 0.100, 0.200, 0.400, and 0.800 mmol/L) of CdCl 2 of the invention on germination rate of Taiwan five-Fu seeds of okra variety.
FIG. 2 effects of different concentrations (0.0, 1.5, 3.0 and 6.0 mmol/L) of choline chloride on okra seed germination rate and seedling fresh weight under normal conditions and 0.1 mmol/LCdCl 2 stress of the present invention.
FIG. 3 identification of the remission effect resistance of choline chloride to okra seedlings at different concentrations (0.0, 1.5, 3.0 and 6.0 mmol/L) under normal conditions and under 0.1 mmol/LCdCl 2 stress according to the invention.
FIG. 4 effect of 3.0. 3.0 mmol/L choline chloride on photosynthetic pigment content (chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll and total carotenoids) of okra seedlings under normal conditions and 0.1 mmol/LCdCl 2 stress of the present invention.
FIG. 5 effects of choline chloride of 3.0. 3.0 mmol/L on malondialdehyde content, electrolyte permeability, relative water content and H 2O2 content of okra seedlings under normal conditions and 0.1 mmol/LCdCl 2 stress of the present invention.
FIG. 6 effect of the present invention normal conditions and 3.0. 3.0 mmol/L choline chloride under 0.1 mmol/LCdCl 2 stress on the activity of key enzyme (SOD, GPX, CAT, GR, APX, POD) of okra seedling ROS scavenging system.
Description of the embodiments
The following examples facilitate a better understanding of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the same. The experimental methods in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified. The test materials used in the examples described below, unless otherwise specified, were commercially available from conventional biochemical reagents. The quantitative tests in the following examples were all set up in triplicate and the results averaged.
In the examples, okra (Abelmoschusesculentus) variety Taiwan five-Fu was used as the test material. The okra variety taiwan wufu, reference 【Feibing Wang, Gaolei Ren, Fengsheng Li, Sitong Qi, Yan Xu, Bowen Wang, Yulin Yang, Yuxiu Ye, Qing Zhou, Xinhong Chen. A chalcone synthase gene AeCHS from Abelmoschusesculentus regulates flavonoid accumulation and abiotic stress tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis. 2018, 40:97】, was saved by the Huaiyin institute of engineering life sciences and food engineering, academy of plant production and processing practice education center laboratory.
Choline chloride (Choline Chloride, abbreviated as CC) purchased from Sigma company.
The Cd donor was cadmium chloride (CdCl 2·2H2 O), purchased from Sigma.
Example 1 analysis of appropriate CdCl 2 stress concentration for okra seed germination
Referring to Wang Yonghui et al (2014) [ Wang Yonghui, chen Jianping, zhang Peitong, cai Liwang, shi Qinghua, wang Haiyang. Okra salt tolerance material screening and analysis of salt tolerance during germination, southwest agricultural journal, 2014,27 (2): 788-792 ], okra seed material was selected from 50 full seeds, sterilized 5 min with 5% hypochlorous acid solution, rinsed 3 times with distilled water, and placed in a transparent plastic fresh-keeping box with two layers of filter paper having an inner diameter of 12 cm. With 0.000, 0.025, 0.050, 0.100, 0.200, 0.400, and 0.800 mmol/L of 8 CdCl 2 concentrations, with 0.000 mmol/L CdCl 2 concentration as a control, 10 mL CdCl 2 solutions were placed in each fresh box treated with CdCl 2 and repeated six times. The fresh-keeping box is placed in a climatic chamber for germination, the white/night temperature is 28 ℃ per 25 ℃, the daytime/black day is 12 h, and the humidity is 60% +/-1%. And taking the radicle length of 0.2 mm as a seed germination mark, and counting the germination number of the seeds on the 5 th day. Seed germination = (number of germinated seeds/total number of test seeds on day 5) ×100%.
The results show that under normal conditions (0.000 mmol/L CdCl 2), okra seeds germinate normally, and the results are shown in FIG. 1. Okra seeds were inhibited from germination after 0.025, 0.050, 0.100, 0.200, 0.400 and 0.800 mmol/L CdCl 2 concentration treatments, and the seed germination rates were 92.67%, 82.00%, 49.33%, 22.67%, 13.33% and 1.33%, respectively, with a trend of decreasing with increasing CdCl 2 concentration, as shown in FIG. 1. Based on the germination rate test result, 0.1mmol/L CdCl 2 was selected as the heavy metal stress concentration.
Example 2 exogenous choline chloride Regulation of CdCl 2 stress resistance identification analysis of okra seedlings
1. Analysis of CdCl 2 stress-resistant germination rate of okra seeds treated by choline chloride with different concentrations
Reference Wang Yonghui et al (2014) [ Wang Yonghui, chen Jianping, zhang Peitong, cai Liwang, shi Qinghua, wang Haiyang. Selection of okra salt tolerance material and analysis of salt tolerance during germination, southwest agricultural journal, 2014,27 (2): 788-792 ], okra seed material was selected from 50 full-sized seeds, sterilized 5min with 5% hypochlorous acid solution, washed 3 times with distilled water, soaked in clear water and 0.1mmol/L CdCl 2 solution at room temperature for 24 hours, respectively, and then placed in a transparent plastic fresh-keeping box with two layers of filter paper having an inner diameter of 12 cm, and subjected to choline chloride treatments of different concentrations (0.0, 1.5, 3.0 and 6.0 mmol/L), respectively, comprising (i) adding 0.0, 1.5, 3.0 and 6.0 mmol/L choline chloride with distilled water under normal conditions, (ii) adding 0.0, 1.0 and 6.96/L choline chloride under conditions of 0.1mmol/L CdCl 2, respectively. Each treatment was repeated six times. The fresh-keeping box is placed in a climatic chamber for germination, the white/night temperature is 28 ℃ per 25 ℃, the daytime/black day is 12 h, and the humidity is 60% +/-1%. And taking the radicle length of 0.2 mm as a seed germination mark, and counting the germination number of the seeds on the 5 th day. Seed germination = (number of germinated seeds/total number of test seeds on day 5) ×100%.
The results show that the germination rate test result of 0.1 mmol/L CdCl 2 stress shows that the germination rate (figure 2A) and fresh weight (figure 2B) of okra seeds treated by choline chloride are significantly higher than those of okra seeds treated by choline chloride in the modes of 2,1.5 and 3.0 mmol/L than those of okra seeds treated by choline chloride in the modes of 0.0 and 6.0 mmol/L, and the germination rate is improved by 55%, 112%, 45% and 106% respectively compared with those of okra plants treated by choline chloride in the mode of 0.0 mmol/L, wherein the okra seedlings treated by choline chloride in the mode of 3.0 mmol/L are the best.
2. Analysis of CdCl 2 stress resistance of okra seedlings treated with choline chloride at different concentrations
Referring to the method of Li et al （2022）【Hengpeng Li, Shasha Yang, Wenya Wu, Chunyan Wang, Yanyang Li, Chenzhong Wan, Yuxiu Ye, Xinhong Chen, Zunxin Wang, Laibao Hu,Feibing Wang. Physiological and biochemical mechanisms of improving salt and drought tolerance in okra plants based on applied attapulgite clay. Advances in Biochemistry, 2022, 10:1-10】, abelmoschus manihot seedlings of Taiwan were transplanted into plastic pots (19 cm in diameter) containing a mixture of turf, humus and vermiculite (1:1:1, v/v/v) in the greenhouse. All seedlings were thoroughly watered with half Hoagland solution for 4 weeks until the seedlings developed new leaves. Subsequently, cdCl 2 stress and choline chloride treatments were performed, including (i) normally, irrigation with fresh water was performed every pot of okra seedling plants once every 2 days for 4 weeks, while spraying aqueous solutions containing 0.0, 1.5, 3.0 and 6.0 mmol/L choline chloride every day, 3 times per day. (ii) CdCl 2 stress treatment, irrigation with 100ml of 0.1 mmol/L CdCl 2 solution per pot of okra seedling plant, once every 2 days for 4 weeks, while spraying aqueous solutions containing 0.0, 1.5, 3.0 and 6.0 mmol/L choline chloride every day, 3 times per day.
The result shows that the result of the 0.1 mmol/L CdCl 2 stress potting experiment shows that, as shown in FIG. 3, the okra seedling plants treated by exogenous choline chloride grow well and the resistance is improved, the fresh weight and the dry weight of the potted okra seedlings treated by 1.5, 3.0 and 6.0mmol/L choline chloride are obviously higher than those of the potted okra seedlings treated by 0.0 mmol/L choline chloride, 68%, 135%, 20% and 180%, 253% and 163% of the potted okra seedlings treated by 3.0 mmol/L choline chloride are respectively improved compared with the 0.0 mmol/L choline chloride plants, and the okra seedling effect treated by 3.0 mmol/L choline chloride is optimal, and the strong CdCl 2 stress resistance is expressed.
Therefore, the phenotype identification result shows that the exogenous 3.0 mmol/L choline chloride treated okra plant has the optimal CdCl 2 stress resistance phenotype and is used for analyzing a physiological and biochemical mechanism for inducing CdCl 2 stress resistance.
Example 3 determination of physiological and Biochemical indicators of resistance of okra seedlings to CdCl 2 stress
Chloroplasts are important organelles of plants for carrying out physiological processes such as photosynthesis and adverse stress reaction, and photosynthetic pigments in the chloroplasts comprise chlorophyll and carotenoid, wherein the chlorophyll is divided into chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b. Adverse stress affects photosynthesis of plants, and increases the number of free radicals in chloroplasts, thereby destroying chlorophyll, affecting photosynthesis of plants, and its photosynthetic pigment content reflects the ability of plants to perform photosynthesis.
Assay reference 【LichtenthalerHartmut K, Buschmann Claus. Chlorophylls and carotenoids: measurement and characterization by UV-VIS spectroscop. Current Protocols in Food Analytical Chemistry, 2001, 1】, detects photosynthetic pigment content of okra seedling plants. Okra plants are non-stressed okra seedling leaves sprayed with 3.0 mmol/L choline chloride aqueous solution for 2 weeks in the potted plant identification and okra seedling leaves treated with 0.1 mmol/L CdCl 2 and sprayed with 3.0 mmol/L choline chloride aqueous solution for 2 weeks in the potted plant identification. The experiment was repeated three times and the results averaged.
The experimental results are shown in FIG. 4 (Normal is a blank control, cdCl 2 stress is heavy metal stress). The results showed that chlorophyll a (fig. 4A), chlorophyll B (fig. 4B), total chlorophyll (fig. 4C) and total carotenoid content (fig. 4D) were significantly higher in the exogenous choline chloride treated okra plants after 0.1 mmol/L CdCl 2 stress treatment than in okra plants not treated with choline chloride.
Plant organ aging or injury in adverse circumstances often occurs, and Malondialdehyde (MDA) is the final decomposition product of membrane lipid peroxidation, and its content can reflect the degree of adverse circumstances injury of plants, i.e. the higher the MDA content, the greater the degree of adverse circumstances injury of plants.
Assay reference 【Feibing Wang, Weili Kong, Gary Wong, Lifeng Fu, RihePeng, Zhenjun Li, Quanhong Yao. AtMYB12 regulates flavonoids accumulation and abiotic stress tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. Molecular Genetics and Genomics, 2016, 291:1545-1559】, detects MDA content of okra seedling plants. Okra plants are non-stressed okra seedling leaves sprayed with 3.0 mmol/L choline chloride aqueous solution for 2 weeks in the potted plant identification and okra seedling leaves treated with 0.1 mmol/L CdCl 2 and sprayed with 3.0 mmol/L choline chloride aqueous solution for 2 weeks in the potted plant identification. The experiment was repeated three times and the results averaged.
The experimental results are shown in FIG. 5A (Normal is a blank control, cdCl 2 stress is heavy metal stress). The result shows that after 0.1 mmol/L CdCl 2 stress treatment, the MDA content in the okra plants treated by exogenous choline chloride is significantly lower than that of okra plants not treated by choline chloride.
The permeability of the electrolyte is an index for measuring the permeability of the plant cell membrane, and the lower the value is, the more complete the cell membrane is, and the function is good.
Determination methods reference 【Yujia Liu, XiaoyuJi, XianguangNie, Min Qu, Lei Zheng, Zilong Tan, Huimin Zhao, Lin Huo,Shengnan Liu, Bing Zhang, Yucheng Wang. Arabidopsis AtbHLH112 regulates the expression of genes involved in abiotic stress tolerance by binding to their E-box and GCG-box motifs. New Phytologist, 2015, 207:692-709】, detects electrolyte permeability of okra seedling plants. Okra plants are non-stressed okra seedling leaves sprayed with 3.0 mmol/L choline chloride aqueous solution for 2 weeks in the potted plant identification and okra seedling leaves treated with 0.1 mmol/L CdCl 2 and sprayed with 3.0 mmol/L choline chloride aqueous solution for 2 weeks in the potted plant identification. The experiment was repeated three times and the results averaged.
The experimental results are shown in FIG. 5B (Normal is a blank control, cdCl 2 stress is heavy metal stress). The result shows that the electrolyte permeability of the okra plants treated by the exogenous choline chloride is obviously lower than that of the okra plants not treated by the choline chloride after the stress treatment of 0.1 mmol/L CdCl 2.
The relative water content is an important index reflecting the water content condition of plants, the relative water content of plant tissues is positively correlated with the stress resistance of plants, and the relative water content of cells reflects the stress degree of cells.
Assay reference 【Yufeng Yang, Shikai Guan, Hong Zhai, Shaozhen He, Qingchang Liu. Development and evaluation of a storage root-bearing sweetpotato somatic hybrid between Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. and I. trilobaL. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 2009, 99:83-89】, detects the relative water content of okra seedling plants. Okra plants are non-stressed okra seedling leaves sprayed with 3.0 mmol/L choline chloride aqueous solution for 2 weeks in the potted plant identification and okra seedling leaves treated with 0.1 mmol/L CdCl 2 and sprayed with 3.0 mmol/L choline chloride aqueous solution for 2 weeks in the potted plant identification. The experiment was repeated three times and the results averaged.
The experimental results are shown in FIG. 5C (Normal is a blank control, cdCl 2 stress is heavy metal stress). The result shows that after 0.1 mmol/L CdCl 2 stress treatment, the relative water content in the okra plants treated by exogenous choline chloride is significantly higher than that of okra plants not treated by choline chloride.
5. Determination of H 2O2 content
H 2O2 accumulates in plants under stress or in senescence due to enhanced in vivo active oxygen metabolism. H 2O2 can oxidize biomacromolecules such as nucleic acids, proteins and the like in cells directly or indirectly, and damage cell membranes, thereby accelerating aging and disintegration of cells. Thus, the higher the content of H 2O2, the greater the extent to which the plant suffers from stress injury.
Assay reference 【Feibing Wang, Weili Kong, Gary Wong, Lifeng Fu, RihePeng, Zhenjun Li, Quanhong Yao. AtMYB12 regulates flavonoids accumulation and abiotic stress tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. Molecular Genetics and Genomics, 2016, 291:1545-1559】, detects H 2O2 content of okra seedling plants. Okra plants are non-stressed okra seedling leaves sprayed with 3.0 mmol/L choline chloride aqueous solution for 2 weeks in the potted plant identification and okra seedling leaves treated with 0.1 mmol/L CdCl 2 and sprayed with 3.0 mmol/L choline chloride aqueous solution for 2 weeks in the potted plant identification. The experiment was repeated three times and the results averaged.
The experimental results are shown in FIG. 5D (Normal is a blank control, cdCl 2 stress is heavy metal stress). The result shows that after 0.1 mmol/L CdCl 2 stress treatment, the H 2O2 content in the okra plants treated by exogenous choline chloride is significantly lower than that in okra plants not treated by choline chloride.
Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity can be used as a physiological and biochemical index of plant stress resistance. The lower the activity of SOD, the greater the extent to which the plant suffers from stress injury.
Assay reference 【Feibing Wang, Weili Kong, Gary Wong, Lifeng Fu, RihePeng, Zhenjun Li, Quanhong Yao. AtMYB12 regulates flavonoids accumulation and abiotic stress tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. Molecular Genetics and Genomics, 2016, 291:1545-1559】, detects SOD activity in okra seedling plants. Okra plants are non-stressed okra seedling leaves sprayed with 3.0 mmol/L choline chloride aqueous solution for 2 weeks in the potted plant identification and okra seedling leaves treated with 0.1 mmol/L CdCl 2 and sprayed with 3.0 mmol/L choline chloride aqueous solution for 2 weeks in the potted plant identification. The experiment was repeated three times and the results averaged.
The experimental results are shown in FIG. 6A (Normal is a blank control, cdCl 2 stress is heavy metal stress). The result shows that the SOD activity in the okra plants treated by the exogenous choline chloride is obviously higher than that of the okra plants not treated by the choline chloride after the stress treatment of 0.1 mmol/L CdCl 2.
Glutathione Peroxidase (GPX) is an important peroxidase widely existing in the body, is a key enzyme for removing active oxygen in the body, and plays an important role in plant stress resistance reaction.
Assay reference 【Hong Zhai, Feibing Wang, Zengzhi Si, JinxiHuo, Lei Xing, Yanyan An, Shaozhen He, Qingchang Liu. A myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase gene, IbMIPS1, enhances salt and drought tolerance and stem nematode resistance in transgenic sweetpotato. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 2016, 14:592-602】, detects GPX activity in okra seedling plants. Okra plants are non-stressed okra seedling leaves sprayed with 3.0 mmol/L choline chloride aqueous solution for 2 weeks in the potted plant identification and okra seedling leaves treated with 0.1 mmol/L CdCl 2 and sprayed with 3.0 mmol/L choline chloride aqueous solution for 2 weeks in the potted plant identification. The experiment was repeated three times and the results averaged.
The experimental results are shown in FIG. 6B (Normal is a blank control, cdCl 2 stress is heavy metal stress). The result shows that GPX activity in okra plants treated by exogenous choline chloride is significantly higher than that of okra plants not treated by choline chloride after stress treatment of 0.1 mmol/L CdCl 2.
Catalase (CAT) is commonly found in plant tissues and is one of important protective enzymes, and the function of the catalase is to remove H 2O2 generated in metabolism so as to avoid oxidative damage of H 2O2 accumulation on cells, so that the activity of the catalase is related to stress resistance of plants.
Assay reference 【Yufeng Yang, Shikai Guan, Hong Zhai, Shaozhen He, Qingchang Liu. Development and evaluation of a storage root-bearing sweetpotato somatic hybrid between Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. and I. trilobaL. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 2009, 99:83-89】, detects CAT activity in okra seedling plants. Okra plants are non-stressed okra seedling leaves sprayed with 3.0 mmol/L choline chloride aqueous solution for 2 weeks in the potted plant identification and okra seedling leaves treated with 0.1 mmol/L CdCl 2 and sprayed with 3.0 mmol/L choline chloride aqueous solution for 2 weeks in the potted plant identification. The experiment was repeated three times and the results averaged.
The experimental results are shown in FIG. 6C (Normal is a blank control, cdCl 2 stress is heavy metal stress). The result shows that after 0.1 mmol/L CdCl 2 stress treatment, CAT activity in okra plants treated by exogenous choline chloride is significantly higher than that of okra plants not treated by choline chloride.
Glutathione Reductase (GR) is a ubiquitous flavin enzyme involved in the defense system against cellular stress, and its activity is related to stress resistance of plants.
Assay reference 【Wenjin Zhang, ZhicaiXie, Lianhong Wang, Ming Li, Duoyong Lang,Xinhui Zhang. Silicon alleviates salt and drought stress of Glycyrrhizauralensis seedling by altering antioxidant metabolism and osmotic adjustment. Journal of Plant Research, 2017, 130:611-624】, detects GR activity in okra seedling plants. Okra plants are non-stressed okra seedling leaves sprayed with 3.0 mmol/L choline chloride aqueous solution for 2 weeks in the potted plant identification and okra seedling leaves treated with 0.1 mmol/L CdCl 2 and sprayed with 3.0 mmol/L choline chloride aqueous solution for 2 weeks in the potted plant identification. The experiment was repeated three times and the results averaged.
The experimental results are shown in FIG. 6D (Normal is a blank control, cdCl 2 stress is heavy metal stress). The result shows that after 0.1 mmol/L CdCl 2 stress treatment, the GR activity in the okra plants treated by exogenous choline chloride is significantly higher than that of okra plants not treated by choline chloride.
Ascorbate Peroxidase (APX) is one of the important antioxidant enzymes in plant active oxygen metabolism, especially the key enzyme for removing H 2O2 in chloroplasts, and is also the main enzyme class of vitamin C metabolism. APX activity can be used as a physiological and biochemical index of plant stress resistance, and the level of the activity is related to plant stress resistance.
Assay reference 【Hong Zhai, Feibing Wang, Zengzhi Si, JinxiHuo, Lei Xing, Yanyan An, Shaozhen He, Qingchang Liu. A myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase gene, IbMIPS1, enhances salt and drought tolerance and stem nematode resistance in transgenic sweetpotato. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 2016, 14:592-602】, detects APX activity in okra seedling plants. Okra plants are non-stressed okra seedling leaves sprayed with 3.0 mmol/L choline chloride aqueous solution for 2 weeks in the potted plant identification and okra seedling leaves treated with 0.1 mmol/L CdCl 2 and sprayed with 3.0 mmol/L choline chloride aqueous solution for 2 weeks in the potted plant identification. The experiment was repeated three times and the results averaged.
The experimental results are shown in FIG. 6E (Normal is a blank control, cdCl 2 stress is heavy metal stress). The result shows that after 0.1 mmol/L CdCl 2 stress treatment, the APX activity in the okra plants treated by exogenous choline chloride is significantly higher than that of okra plants not treated by choline chloride.
Peroxidase (POD) activity can be used as a physiological and biochemical indicator of plant stress resistance. The lower the activity of POD, the greater the extent to which the plant suffers from stress injury.
Assay reference 【Feibing Wang, Weili Kong, Gary Wong, Lifeng Fu, RihePeng, Zhenjun Li, Quanhong Yao. AtMYB12 regulates flavonoids accumulation and abiotic stress tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. Molecular Genetics and Genomics, 2016, 291:1545-1559】, detects POD activity in okra seedling plants. Okra plants are non-stressed okra seedling leaves sprayed with 3.0 mmol/L choline chloride aqueous solution for 2 weeks in the potted plant identification and okra seedling leaves treated with 0.1 mmol/L CdCl 2 and sprayed with 3.0 mmol/L choline chloride aqueous solution for 2 weeks in the potted plant identification. The experiment was repeated three times and the results averaged.
The experimental results are shown in FIG. 6, F (Normal is a blank control, cdCl 2 stress is heavy metal stress). The result shows that POD activity in the okra plants treated by exogenous choline chloride is obviously higher than that of the okra plants not treated by choline chloride after 0.1 mmol/L CdCl 2 stress treatment.
The measurement result of the physiological and biochemical index shows that the exogenous choline chloride treatment improves the CdCl 2 stress resistance of the okra plant. The relationship between choline chloride and leaf damage, photosynthesis, antioxidant enzyme system and cell membrane system of okra under CdCl 2 stress is studied, the action mechanism of choline chloride in plants for resisting heavy metal stress is discussed, and a theoretical basis is provided for safe production of the plant in okra.
Claims (7)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310098151 | 2023-02-10 | ||
| CN2023100981514 | 2023-02-10 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN116508752A CN116508752A (en) | 2023-08-01 |
| CN116508752B true CN116508752B (en) | 2025-01-28 |
Family
ID=87406292
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310550596.1A Active CN116508752B (en) | 2023-02-10 | 2023-05-16 | Application of exogenous choline chloride in alleviating CdCl2 stress on okra seedlings |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN116508752B (en) |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105191984B (en) * | 2015-08-17 | 2017-03-08 | 齐鲁工业大学 | A crop protection agent for alleviating cadmium damage and its preparation method and application |
| CN106071307A (en) * | 2016-06-16 | 2016-11-09 | 四川农业大学 | For alleviating laying hen cadmium and the feedstuff of lead toxicosis, premix material and preparation method |
| CN106748170A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2017-05-31 | 东莞市联洲知识产权运营管理有限公司 | The chrysanthemum florescence conditioning agent and preparation method and application of a kind of chloride containing choline and glycine betaine |
| CN107384433B (en) * | 2017-08-23 | 2020-03-31 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Soil heavy metal passivator |
| CN108658708A (en) * | 2018-07-19 | 2018-10-16 | 河北省硅谷农业科学研究院 | A kind of fertilizing method and application for farmland cadmium pollution prevention |
| CN111377765A (en) * | 2020-03-13 | 2020-07-07 | 江苏徐淮地区淮阴农业科学研究所 | Selenium-rich high-zinc leaf fertilizer for wheat and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114946624A (en) * | 2022-05-18 | 2022-08-30 | 北京市农林科学院 | Method for improving cadmium resistance of iris lactea in seedling stage |
-
2023
- 2023-05-16 CN CN202310550596.1A patent/CN116508752B/en active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 外源氯化胆碱对秋葵幼苗盐和干旱胁迫的缓解效应;戚名扬 等;淮阴工学院学报;20210215;第30卷(第1期);第1.2节 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN116508752A (en) | 2023-08-01 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Ma et al. | Effects of silicon application on drought resistance of cucumber plants | |
| Abdelaziz et al. | Piriformospora indica alters Na+/K+ homeostasis, antioxidant enzymes and LeNHX1 expression of greenhouse tomato grown under salt stress | |
| Wu et al. | Hydroxyl radical scavenging by cerium oxide nanoparticles improves Arabidopsis salinity tolerance by enhancing leaf mesophyll potassium retention | |
| Chutipaijit | Changes in physiological and antioxidant activity of indica rice seedlings in response to mannitol-induced osmotic stress | |
| Sun et al. | Proline, sugars, and antioxidant enzymes respond to drought stress in the leaves of strawberry plants | |
| Cruz et al. | Exogenous glycine betaine modulates ascorbate peroxidase and catalase activities and prevent lipid peroxidation in mild water-stressed Carapa guianensis plants | |
| Wang et al. | Effects of exogenous silicon on seed germination and antioxidant enzyme activities of Momordica charantia under salt stress | |
| Feng et al. | Graphene quantum dots-induced physiological and biochemical responses in mung bean and tomato seedlings | |
| CN106613702B (en) | Method for relieving drought stress of kiwi fruit trees | |
| Pandey et al. | Antioxidant responses of pea genotypes to zinc deficiency | |
| CN106165621B (en) | γ-aminobutyric acid improves the purposes of the resistance to salt stress ability of corn | |
| CN104904368A (en) | Method for corn seed germination under exogenous sugar seed soaking salt stress alleviation | |
| Yildirim et al. | Physiological and biochemical responses of almond rootstocks to drought stress | |
| Rani et al. | High temperature induced changes in antioxidative enzymes in Brassica juncea (L) Czern & Coss | |
| CN116210699B (en) | Application of MeJA in relieving stress of heavy metal on okra seedlings | |
| CN116508752B (en) | Application of exogenous choline chloride in alleviating CdCl2 stress on okra seedlings | |
| Sepehri et al. | The effect of iron oxide nano-particles on the production of tropane alkaloids, h6h gene expression and antioxidant enzyme activity in Atropa belladonna hairy roots | |
| Baqer et al. | Antioxidant responses in wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.) treated with thiourea | |
| Sohby et al. | Influence of nano-silicon and nano-chitosan on growth, ion content, and antioxidant defense enzyme of two citrus rootstocks under salinity conditions | |
| CN116349676B (en) | Application of trehalose in alleviating heavy metal stress on okra seedlings | |
| CN114431240A (en) | Pharmaceutical composition for rapidly protecting cold resistance of tomatoes, preparation method and application | |
| CN106900743A (en) | The compound formulation of corn growth under a kind of promotion drought stress | |
| Yildirim et al. | Determining the tolerance of selected almond rootstock genotypes to salt stress under in vitro conditions | |
| CN115504828A (en) | Method for improving low calcium stress resistance of wax gourds | |
| US11001560B2 (en) | Compound for blocking absorption of heavy metals by plants and a composition containing the same |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |