CN116498573B - Multi-mode working centrifugal compressor - Google Patents

Multi-mode working centrifugal compressor

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Publication number
CN116498573B
CN116498573B CN202310382232.7A CN202310382232A CN116498573B CN 116498573 B CN116498573 B CN 116498573B CN 202310382232 A CN202310382232 A CN 202310382232A CN 116498573 B CN116498573 B CN 116498573B
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
air
volute
ring
annular
air inlet
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CN202310382232.7A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN116498573A (en
Inventor
汤冰
朱家桢
陆川
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AVIC Jincheng Nanjing Engineering Institute of Aircraft Systems
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AVIC Jincheng Nanjing Engineering Institute of Aircraft Systems
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Priority to CN202310382232.7A priority Critical patent/CN116498573B/en
Publication of CN116498573A publication Critical patent/CN116498573A/en
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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04DNON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D17/00Radial-flow pumps, e.g. centrifugal pumps; Helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D17/08Centrifugal pumps
    • F04D17/10Centrifugal pumps for compressing or evacuating
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04DNON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/40Casings; Connections of working fluid
    • F04D29/42Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/44Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers
    • F04D29/441Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04DNON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/58Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer
    • F04D29/582Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/5853Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps heat insulation or conduction

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of centrifugal compressors, and provides a multifunctional centrifugal compressor which can realize different inlet air inlet mode switching and is provided with a stable expansion structure suitable for a wide working range. Comprises an air inlet chamber shell, a centrifugal impeller, a guide cover, a casing cover, a radial diffuser, a volute, and the like. The air inlet chamber shell is provided with two inlets, two modes of air inlet of a specific source and environment air entraining can be realized through the cooperation of an inlet mounting flange and a valve, air flow in the air inlet chamber enters the centrifugal impeller through diversion cover drainage, the centrifugal impeller converts inlet low-pressure air into outlet high-speed high-pressure air flow through high-speed rotating kinetic energy, the high-speed air flow is further diffused into low-speed high-pressure air flow through the radial diffuser, the low-speed air flow provides usable high-pressure compressed air through the air collecting function of the volute, the outlet of the volute is provided with a split manifold structure, two outlet sections are provided, different air utilization components can be switched, and therefore multi-mode work is realized.

Description

Multi-mode working centrifugal compressor
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of centrifugal compressors, and particularly relates to a multi-mode working centrifugal compressor.
Background
The centrifugal compressor is commonly used for an APU (auxiliary power unit), a small power unit, a turbocharger and the like, and has the advantages of good stability, reliable structure, high single-stage pressure ratio and wide working range. For the situation that the power device needs to adapt to complex working conditions, a plurality of working modes are often integrated in the power device to improve the integration level and the functions of the product, but the switching of a plurality of working states is involved, and a great challenge is presented to the design of the structure and the performance, for example, an airborne power device system is developed towards integration and integration.
The centrifugal compressor can realize rapid and high-efficiency gas compression and has a core position in small power devices such as an APU and the like. In the conventional APU structure, a centrifugal compressor, a backflow annular combustion chamber and a turbine form a core machine, the core machine provides output of shaft power, compressed air of the core machine needs to be provided by a load compressor connected with the core machine, the whole function of the APU is single, and higher integration level is difficult to realize.
The centrifugal compressor working in a multi-mode can realize environmental air intake, environmental control air intake, combustion chamber air supply, compressed air extraction and the like, has a wide working range, can be used for designing a power device with higher integration level, realizes the multifunction of an airborne auxiliary power system, and has great practical value.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to realize multiple working conditions of a compressor and improve the integration level, and discloses a centrifugal compressor with high integration level and multi-mode operation. The invention has compact structure and is suitable for the air inlet and air consumption regulation requirements of various compressors.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
A multi-mode working centrifugal compressor comprises a volute 1, a casing 2, a centrifugal impeller 6, a metal seal 10, a guide cover 9, an air inlet chamber shell 4, a cylindrical bolt 3, a comb seal 5, a diffuser back plate 7 and a diffuser blade ring 8;
the volute 1 comprises a volute back plate and a volute runner, wherein the volute back plate is in a circular ring shape, and the volute runner is arranged at the outer side edge of the volute back plate and is integrally formed;
a positioning surface is arranged on one side, close to the axis, of the outer surface of the volute flow channel, a first mounting flange is arranged on one side, far away from the volute rear plate, of the positioning surface, and the air inlet support shell is mounted on the first mounting flange through screws;
the centrifugal impeller 6 is coaxially arranged with the volute 1;
The outer ring of the casing 2 is a circular ring surface, and the circular ring surface and the locating surface of the runner of the volute 1 are mutually located; the annular surface is provided with a second mounting flange and is mounted on the first mounting flange through screws, and the inner ring of the casing 2, the diffuser blade ring 8 and the centrifugal impeller 6 form a meridian flow passage together;
A diffuser blade ring 8 is arranged between the annular air inlet of the volute 1 runner and the edge of the centrifugal impeller 6, and the diffuser blade ring 8 comprises an annular plate formed integrally, a plurality of diffuser blades on the front end face of the annular plate and a first positioning ring on the rear end face of the annular plate;
The volute casing back plate is provided with a second positioning ring, the first positioning ring of the diffuser blade ring 8 is arranged on the outer side surface of the second positioning ring to be mutually positioned, the outer edge of the annular plate of the diffuser blade ring 8 is aligned with one side of the annular air inlet of the volute casing 1 flow passage, and the joint of the inner ring and the outer ring of the casing 2 is aligned with the other side of the annular air inlet of the volute casing 1 flow passage;
The air inlet chamber shell 4 is provided with a first air inlet and a second air inlet which are respectively connected with the outside atmosphere and the air entraining of the aircraft environmental control system, the volute runner is provided with two outlets, the first outlet supplies air for the engine combustion chamber, and the second outlet provides air entraining for other systems of the aircraft.
Further, a metal sealing ring 10 is arranged between the annular plate of the diffuser blade ring 8 and the rear plate of the volute 1, and the metal sealing ring 10 is used for sealing a gap between the annular plate of the diffuser blade ring 8 and the annular air inlet edge of the runner of the volute 1.
Further, the air compressor also comprises a guide cover 9;
The air guide sleeve 9 is horn-shaped and is fixedly arranged on the first mounting flange through the screw 3;
The inner edge of the inner ring of the casing 2 is provided with a first annular step, and the inner edge of the guide cover 9 is provided with a second annular step matched with the first annular step;
the air guide sleeve 9 is used for guiding air and axially compacting the casing.
The compressor further comprises a diffuser back plate, wherein the diffuser back plate comprises an integrally formed annular L-shaped plate, an annular positioning table is arranged on the front end face of the long side of the annular L-shaped plate, and a bending guide edge is arranged on the edge of the long side of the annular L-shaped plate;
the short sides of the annular L-shaped plates are arranged on the inner end surface of the second positioning ring to mutually position, and the annular positioning table is used for positioning the short sides of the inner sides of the annular plates of the diffuser blade ring;
the bent guide edge is used for guiding leakage gas between the diffuser blade ring 8 and the centrifugal impeller 6.
Further, the air compressor also comprises an atmosphere air supply valve, an environment control bleed air valve, a combustion chamber air supply valve and an air bleed air valve;
The atmosphere supply valve and the environmental control bleed valve are respectively arranged at a first air inlet and a second air inlet of the air inlet support shell;
the combustion chamber air supply valve and the air utilization bleed valve are respectively arranged at the first outlet and the second outlet of the volute runner.
The number of the diffuser blades is 15-25, and the diffuser blades are wedge-shaped diffuser blades;
The inlet angle of the diffuser blade ring blade is 60-75 degrees.
Further, the outer edge of the suction surface of the wedge-shaped diffusion blade is rounded.
Further, the front end of the inner ring of the casing 2 is provided with a self-refluxing stability-expanding structure.
Further, the anti-abrasion device also comprises an air inlet backflow structure of the casing cover, the backflow structure is matched with the front end of the centrifugal impeller to widen the working range of the air compressor, a certain gap is kept between the casing cover and the impeller, and an anti-abrasion coating with a certain thickness is designed on the casing cover for preventing collision and abrasion.
Furthermore, the labyrinth seal 1 provides certain sealing gas for the centrifugal impeller inlet and the elastic sealing ring, and the sealing gas of the end face teeth and the labyrinth seal 1 can effectively prevent the air flow of the centrifugal impeller inlet from flowing into the impeller central cavity, and the sealing gas at the elastic sealing ring side can blow off a small amount of lubricating oil leaked from the bearing side.
Furthermore, the inner ring bushing and the outer ring form a certain lubricating oil distribution cavity in a complete set, so that the roller bearing can be effectively lubricated, and meanwhile, a certain oil inlet hole is formed in the top end of the lubricating oil distribution cavity so as to form an extrusion oil film of the outer ring of the roller bearing, and the dynamic characteristics of the rotor are improved.
Furthermore, two air inlets are arranged on the air inlet and air collecting shell, one air inlet is connected with the ambient atmosphere to realize open circulation, and the other air inlet is connected with the environmental control system to realize closed environmental control circulation.
Further, the volute outlet is provided with a bleed air manifold, one manifold outlet provides power compressed air entering the combustion chamber, and the other manifold outlet is connected with the air utilization component, so that the bleed air requirement of the compressor can be met.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the multi-mode working centrifugal compressor has a simple structure, can realize various air inlet and air utilization modes, has good integration, and is suitable for multi-mode power machine configuration.
2. The backflow structure of the casing cover is added, so that the passive expansion stability of the centrifugal compressor can be realized, the design is simple, and the practicability is high.
3. The spiral case has designed the backplate structure, can support radial diffuser and diffuser backplate on the one hand, share the power of spiral case front and back end, on the other hand can play the effect of thermal-insulated dish, has kept apart centrifugal impeller and turbine's convection heat transfer, improves the power machine performance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a multi-mode centrifugal compressor in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the multi-mode centrifugal compressor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a centrifugal impeller according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a diffuser vane ring according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an air intake support housing according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a volute construction according to an embodiment of the invention;
Wherein, 1-spiral case, 2-cartridge receiver, 3-cylindrical bolt, 4-inlet chamber housing, 5-comb seal, 6-centrifugal impeller, 7-diffuser back plate, 8-diffuser vane ring, 9-air guide sleeve, 10-metal seal.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The utility model provides a centrifugal compressor of multimode work, including centrifugal impeller 6, receiver 2, diffuser blade ring 8, diffuser back plate 7, spiral case 1, metal seal ring 10, the receiver 2 front end has the compressor to expand steady structure, is the annular air inlet in the import rim outside, and the air inlet inner and outer wall passes through the split of circumference distribution and connects, and this expands steady structure can make the compressor stall when less flow, enlarges surging boundary, increases the flow when the large-traffic, is simple structure and effectual technical means.
The engine air-conditioning system further comprises a metal sealing ring 10 used between the volute 1 and the diffuser blade ring 8 for sealing high-pressure high-temperature compressed air at the diffuser outlet, the high-pressure air is prevented from leaking through the back plate of the volute 1, a manifold is arranged at the outlet of the volute 1, two air guiding ports are arranged, as shown in fig. 2, the air outlet 1 is used for providing compressed air requirements of a combustion chamber of the engine, and the air outlet 2 is provided with an air guiding valve which can provide air supply for the engine to the outside.
The air inlet system further comprises a space in which the air inlet chamber shell 4 and the air guide sleeve 9 form an air inlet chamber of the air compressor, two inlets are designed on the outer side of the air inlet chamber shell and are arranged according to a certain angle, as shown in fig. 2, an air inlet door is arranged at the front end of the air inlet 1, so that the air inlet system can realize the air suction and control of the environment, and an annular control air inlet valve is arranged at the front end of the air inlet 2 and is used for receiving the exhaust of an annular control system to enter the air compressor so as to realize the working mode of the annular control air suction. Thus, the two air inlets and the air outlets shown in fig. 2 work cooperatively to realize the working modes of the compressor.
The novel spiral casing structure further comprises an air inlet chamber shell 4, a guide cover 9, a casing 2, a diffuser blade ring 8 and a spiral casing 1, wherein the air inlet chamber shell 4 is locked with the casing 2 through cylindrical bolts 3 which are axially distributed, the inner side of the guide cover 9 is tightly pressed against the front end face of the casing 2, the outer side of the guide cover is tightly pressed against the outer side flange edge of the casing 2, and the rear outer side flange edge of the air inlet chamber shell 4 is tightly installed, so that the diffuser blade ring 8 is tightly pressed against a spiral casing back plate, the load at the front end of the air inlet chamber shell 4 can be transmitted to the rear end of the spiral casing through the outer shell of the spiral casing 1, and meanwhile, the load response complexity problem that the bending moment of the spiral casing 1 is large in load transmission and multiple components is avoided.
The integrated design of the volute 1 and the back plate is also included, the back plate provides a mounting base for the metal sealing ring 10 and the diffuser blade ring 8, and can isolate the back leakage gas of the compressor disk and isolate the heat exchange between the compressor and the turbine, so that the number of parts is reduced, the weight is lightened, the accumulated tolerance of parts is reduced, and the corresponding load characteristic is improved.
The centrifugal impeller is characterized by further comprising that the front end and the rear end of the centrifugal impeller 6 are connected through end face teeth, leakage gas sealing is carried out between the rear side of the centrifugal impeller 6 and the back plate of the volute 1 through a comb tooth seal, and the comb tooth seal 5 is matched with the inner side of the volute 1.
The following describes the embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in the structure of figure 1, the front end of the volute 1 is provided with a 1 st mounting flange, an axially distributed screw hole is formed, the casing 2, the guide cover 9 and the air inlet chamber shell are tightly pressed together through a circumferentially distributed cylindrical bolt 3, a metal sealing ring 10 is mounted on a volute back plate, the metal sealing ring is tightly pressed through a diffuser blade ring 8, a diffuser back plate 7 is positioned between the diffuser blade ring 8 and the volute 1 back plate, the casing 2 is positioned with the volute 1 through an outer cylindrical surface, the guide cover 9 and the air inlet chamber shell 4 form an air inlet chamber space on one hand, the front end of the casing 2 is tightly pressed on the other hand, the front end of the volute 1 is tightly locked with the cylindrical bolt 3, the air inlet chamber shell 4, the guide cover 9, the casing 2 and the volute 1 are tightly fastened at the same time, the load at the front end of the air inlet chamber shell 4 can be transferred to the rear end of the volute 1 through the outer side wall surface of the volute 1, and also can be transferred to the volute back plate through the diffuser blade ring 8, and then the rear end of the volute is transferred, the design is reduced, the complexity of the transmission of the bending moment and the load of the outside the volute 1 between multiple components is more reliable in the whole structure.
The centrifugal impeller 6 is arranged between the casing 2 and the back plate of the volute 1, and the front end of the casing 2 is provided with a self-backflow stability-expanding structure, as shown in fig. 2, so that the centrifugal compressor can expand the surge boundary when in low-flow operation and expand the flow range when in high-flow operation, thereby realizing the design of the wide-margin high-performance centrifugal compressor.
The two air inlets are arranged on the outer side of the air inlet chamber shell 4, the air inlet air door is arranged in front of the air inlet 1, the air compressor can be controlled in an air suction mode from the environment, the annular control air inlet valve is arranged in front of the air inlet 2, the inflow of an annular control system is regulated and controlled, the outlet of the volute 1 is provided with the manifold outlet, the air outlet 1 and the air outlet 2 are provided with high-pressure compressed air, the air outlet 1 can provide the combustion chamber with the air under the high pressure, and the air inlet valve is arranged in front of the air outlet 2, so that certain air entraining requirements can be met. The design of the inlet and outlet of the compressor enables the compressor components to realize complex multi-mode operation.
The front end and the rear end of the centrifugal impeller 6 are connected through end teeth for transmitting torque, and the rear end of the centrifugal impeller 6 is hermetically sealed with the back leakage of the compressor disk through the comb seal 5.
The foregoing is merely a detailed description of the invention, which is not a matter of routine skill in the art. However, the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily contemplated by those skilled in the art within the scope of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (7)

1. The multi-mode working centrifugal compressor is characterized by comprising a volute (1), a casing (2), a centrifugal impeller (6), a metal sealing ring (10), a guide cover (9), an air inlet chamber shell (4), a cylindrical bolt (3), a comb tooth seal (5), a diffuser back plate (7) and a diffuser blade ring (8);
the volute (1) comprises a volute back plate and a volute runner, wherein the volute back plate is in a circular ring shape, and the volute runner is arranged at the outer side edge of the volute back plate and is integrally formed;
A positioning surface is arranged on one side, close to the axis, of the outer surface of the volute flow channel, a first mounting flange is arranged on one side, far away from the volute rear plate, of the positioning surface, and the air inlet chamber shell is mounted on the first mounting flange through a cylindrical bolt;
the centrifugal impeller (6) and the volute (1) are coaxially arranged;
The outer ring of the casing (2) is a circular ring surface, and the circular ring surface and the runner positioning surface of the volute (1) are mutually positioned; the inner ring of the casing (2), the diffuser blade ring (8) and the centrifugal impeller (6) form a meridian runner together;
A diffuser blade ring (8) is arranged between the annular air inlet of the volute (1) and the edge of the centrifugal impeller (6), and the diffuser blade ring (8) comprises an annular plate and a plurality of diffuser blades on the front end surface of the annular plate which are integrally formed, and a first positioning ring on the rear end surface of the annular plate;
The spiral case back plate is provided with a second positioning ring, the first positioning ring of the diffuser blade ring (8) is arranged on the outer side surface of the second positioning ring to be mutually positioned, the outer edge of the annular plate of the diffuser blade ring (8) is aligned with one side of the annular air inlet of the spiral case (1), the joint of the inner ring and the outer ring of the casing (2) is aligned with the other side of the annular air inlet of the spiral case (1), and a plurality of diffuser blades are tightly attached to the back end surface of the inner edge of the casing;
The air inlet chamber shell (4) is provided with a first air inlet and a second air inlet which are respectively connected with the outside atmosphere and the air entraining of the aircraft environmental control system, the volute runner is provided with two outlets, the first outlet supplies air for the engine combustion chamber, and the second outlet provides air entraining for other systems of the aircraft;
the air compressor also comprises an atmosphere air supply valve, an environment control bleed valve, a combustion chamber air supply valve and an air bleed valve;
The atmosphere supply valve and the environmental control bleed valve are respectively arranged at the first air inlet and the second air inlet of the air inlet chamber shell;
the combustion chamber air supply valve and the air utilization bleed valve are respectively arranged at the first outlet and the second outlet of the volute runner.
2. Centrifugal compressor according to claim 1, wherein a metal sealing ring (10) is arranged between the annular plate of the diffuser vane ring (8) and the rear plate of the volute (1), the metal sealing ring (10) being used for sealing a gap between the annular plate of the diffuser vane ring (8) and the annular inlet edge of the flow passage of the volute (1).
3. Centrifugal compressor according to claim 2, characterized in that it further comprises a dome (9);
The air guide sleeve (9) is horn-shaped and is fixedly arranged on the first mounting flange through the cylindrical bolts (3);
The inner edge of the inner ring of the casing (2) is provided with a first annular step, and the inner edge of the guide cover (9) is provided with a second annular step matched with the first annular step;
the air guide sleeve (9) is used for guiding air and axially compacting the casing.
4. The centrifugal compressor of claim 3, further comprising a diffuser back plate, wherein the diffuser back plate comprises an integrally formed annular L-shaped plate, an annular positioning table is arranged on the front end face of the long side of the annular L-shaped plate, and a bending guide edge is arranged on the edge of the long side of the annular L-shaped plate;
The short sides of the annular L-shaped plates are arranged on the inner end surface of the second positioning ring to mutually position, and the annular positioning table is used for positioning the inner end surface of the annular plate of the diffuser blade ring;
The bent guide edge is used for guiding leakage gas between the diffuser blade ring (8) and the centrifugal impeller (6).
5. The centrifugal compressor of claim 1, wherein the number of blades of the diffuser blade ring is 15-25;
The inlet angle of the diffuser blade ring blade is 60-75 degrees.
6. The centrifugal compressor of claim 5, wherein the outer edge of the suction side of the wedge-shaped diffuser vane is rounded.
7. The centrifugal compressor as set forth in claim 6, wherein the front end of the inner ring of the casing (2) is provided with a self-refluxing expansion stabilizing structure.
CN202310382232.7A 2023-04-11 2023-04-11 Multi-mode working centrifugal compressor Active CN116498573B (en)

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Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN120739710B (en) * 2025-08-06 2025-12-09 北京稳力科技有限公司 Low specific speed centrifugal compressor adapting to hydrogen-containing fuel gas turbine power generation system and optimization method thereof

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CN206144854U (en) * 2016-07-28 2017-05-03 中南大学 Vane type diffuser with tail edge structure before swallow -tail form
CN214499502U (en) * 2021-03-30 2021-10-26 浙江风神风机制造有限公司 Noise-reduction split type pipeline centrifugal fan with multiple suction heads
CN215633975U (en) * 2021-07-29 2022-01-25 山东豪迈机械制造有限公司 Compressor volute structure and compressor

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN203730349U (en) * 2014-03-06 2014-07-23 株洲联诚集团有限责任公司 Centralized ventilation device for tractive electric drive ventilation system of electric wheel dump truck
CN206144854U (en) * 2016-07-28 2017-05-03 中南大学 Vane type diffuser with tail edge structure before swallow -tail form
CN214499502U (en) * 2021-03-30 2021-10-26 浙江风神风机制造有限公司 Noise-reduction split type pipeline centrifugal fan with multiple suction heads
CN215633975U (en) * 2021-07-29 2022-01-25 山东豪迈机械制造有限公司 Compressor volute structure and compressor

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