CN116454823A - Overload fuse matching protection method for vehicle battery system - Google Patents
Overload fuse matching protection method for vehicle battery system Download PDFInfo
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- CN116454823A CN116454823A CN202210009815.0A CN202210009815A CN116454823A CN 116454823 A CN116454823 A CN 116454823A CN 202210009815 A CN202210009815 A CN 202210009815A CN 116454823 A CN116454823 A CN 116454823A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 238000013102 re-test Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010187 selection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013178 mathematical model Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/006—Calibration or setting of parameters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/18—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for batteries; for accumulators
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a matching protection method for an overload fuse of a vehicle battery system, and belongs to the technical field of automobile safety. Firstly, determining tolerance curves corresponding to the single battery, the battery module and related parts; determining a rated current interval of the fuse; then obtaining tolerance curves of fuses of different types in a rated current interval, and determining the type of the fuse which effectively protects a battery system; finally, carrying out temperature rise test on the fuse, determining the charge and discharge characteristics of the battery, and judging whether the obtained charge and discharge characteristics of the battery meet the power performance requirement of the whole vehicle; when the requirements are met, the type fuse is used as a fuse for overload protection of a battery system; and when the requirements are not met, the model of the fuse is re-matched until the power performance requirements of the whole vehicle are met. The invention realizes the accurate matching of the fuse with the vehicle battery, the battery system and the parts, improves the safety performance of the whole vehicle, and solves the problem of the protection blind area in the existing fusing type selection method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a matching protection method for an overload fuse of a vehicle battery system, and belongs to the technical field of automobile safety.
Background
With the continuous development of new energy technology, the safety problem of the battery system has become the focus of attention in the industry, and the safety protection of the battery system not only depends on the improvement of the safety performance of the single battery, but also focuses on the improvement of the safety performance of the battery system level. The existing vehicle short-circuit protection mainly adopts a fuse, the current fuse type selection is mainly calculated based on parameter theory of a protected battery system, and the matching performance with the battery system is low. The short-circuit protection device is too large in selection, and effective protection cannot be realized when small current overload occurs in the product; the short-circuit protection device is too small in shape, the product is at risk of false breaking when continuously working for a long time and being resistant to impact, the reliability of the product is problematic, and particularly the tolerance capability is insufficient when the short-time impact of 1000 amperes is carried out when a vehicle starts. There is also a method for correcting the matching of the fuse and the wire based on the heating and heat transfer mechanism of the fuse and the wire, for example, in the patent with application number of cn201310033051.X named as "accurate matching method of automobile fuse and connecting wire", the mathematical model of rated working current of the connecting wire is established, then the basic database of the voltage wire and the fuse for the vehicle is established, and finally the theoretical matching result of the fuse and the connecting wire in the mathematical model of rated working current of the connecting wire is corrected according to the basic database of the low voltage wire and the fuse, so as to obtain the accurate matching relation between the final fuse and the connecting wire. Although the method can realize the short-circuit protection of the electric vehicle to a certain extent, the method mainly relies on theoretical calculation alone or performs matching protection with a connecting wire, a protection blind area still exists for protecting the whole vehicle, meanwhile, system-level matching verification is not performed, and the matching precision is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a matching protection method for an overload fuse of a vehicle battery system, which aims to solve the problems that in the prior art, the matching property of the fuse with the battery system and related parts is low, and the effective protection of the whole vehicle is difficult to realize.
The invention provides a matching protection method for overload fuses of a vehicle battery system, which comprises the following steps:
1) Performing tolerance time test on the single batteries, the battery modules and related parts of the battery system to obtain tolerance curves corresponding to the single batteries, the battery modules and the related parts;
2) Determining continuous working current of a battery system load and a capacity reduction coefficient of the fuse, and determining a rated current interval of the fuse according to the determined continuous working current and capacity reduction coefficient;
3) According to the rated current interval of the fuse, obtaining tolerance curves of fuses of different types in the rated current interval; determining the type of a fuse for effectively protecting the single battery, the battery module and related parts according to tolerance curves of the single battery, the battery module and related parts;
4) Carrying out temperature rise test on the screened type fuse, determining the charge and discharge characteristics of the battery, and judging whether the obtained charge and discharge characteristics of the battery meet the power performance requirement of the whole vehicle; when the charge and discharge characteristics of the battery meet the power performance requirements of the whole vehicle, the type of fuse is used as a fuse for overload protection of a battery system; and when the charge and discharge characteristics of the battery do not meet the power performance requirements of the whole vehicle, the model of the fuse is matched again until the charge and discharge performance of the battery meets the power performance requirements of the whole vehicle.
The invention also provides a matching protection method for the overload fuse of the vehicle battery system, which comprises the following steps:
1) Performing tolerance time test on the single batteries, the battery modules and related parts of the battery system to obtain tolerance curves corresponding to the single batteries, the battery modules and the related parts;
2) Determining continuous working current of a battery system load and a capacity reduction coefficient of the fuse, and determining a rated current interval of the fuse according to the determined continuous working current and capacity reduction coefficient;
3) According to the rated current interval of the fuse, obtaining tolerance curves of fuses of different types in the rated current interval; determining the type of a fuse for effectively protecting the single battery, the battery module and related parts according to tolerance curves of the single battery, the battery module and related parts;
4) Carrying out temperature rise test on the screened type fuse, determining the charge and discharge characteristics of the battery, and judging whether the obtained charge and discharge characteristics of the battery meet the power performance requirement of the whole vehicle; when the charge and discharge characteristics of the battery meet the power performance requirements of the whole vehicle, the type of fuse is used as a fuse for overload protection of a battery system; when the battery charge and discharge characteristics do not meet the power performance requirements of the whole vehicle, the battery MAP table is adjusted, whether the battery MAP table meets the temperature rise test requirements is judged according to the adjusted battery MAP table, when the battery MAP table meets the temperature rise test requirements, whether the battery charge and discharge characteristics obtained after the battery MAP table is adjusted meet the power performance requirements of the whole vehicle is judged, and when the power performance requirements of the whole vehicle are met, the type fuse is used as a fuse for overload protection of a battery system; and when the power performance requirement of the whole vehicle is not met, continuously adjusting the battery MAP table within the set adjustment times until the battery charge and discharge characteristics obtained after the battery MAP table is adjusted meet the power performance requirement of the whole vehicle, and if the battery charge and discharge characteristics obtained after the battery MAP table is adjusted still not meet the power performance requirement of the whole vehicle after the set adjustment times are met, re-matching the model of the fuse until the power performance requirement of the whole vehicle is met.
According to the invention, the type of the fuse which can realize effective protection of a battery system is screened out according to the tolerance curves of the single battery, the battery module and related parts and the fuse tolerance curve in a rated current interval, so that the fuse can realize overload protection of the whole vehicle; and the temperature rise test is carried out on the fuses with the screened models, the charge and discharge characteristics of the battery are determined, and whether the battery meets the power performance requirement of the whole vehicle is judged, so that the battery system of the whole vehicle is accurately matched with the protection of the fuses. The invention matches the fuse which can realize the overload protection of the whole vehicle, improves the matching performance of the fuse and a battery system in the existing fuse type selection method, and simultaneously carries out temperature rise test on the matched fuse so as to meet the power performance requirement of the whole vehicle while realizing effective protection, realize the accurate matching of the fuse and the battery, the battery system and parts of the vehicle, improve the safety performance of the whole vehicle and solve the problem of a protection blind area which exists when the fuse is independently calculated by theory or only matched and protected with a wire.
Further, in order to avoid the fuse from generating an over-protection condition to the battery system, when the power performance requirement of the whole vehicle is met, matching retest is carried out on the fuse and the battery system, a minimum current value corresponding to the fuse before the failure of the battery system is found, if the minimum current value is smaller than or equal to a set effective protection threshold value and larger than or equal to a set over-protection threshold value, the type fuse is used as the fuse for overload protection of the battery system, and if the minimum current value is larger than the set effective protection threshold value or smaller than the set over-protection threshold value, battery MAP table data is adjusted or the type of the fuse is reselected.
Further, in order to improve the matching retest efficiency of the fuse and the battery system, the matching retest method of the fuse and the battery system is a screening point method, according to the determined tolerance curve of the fuse and the tolerance time of the battery under different currents, an intermediate current value is selected for testing, when the test result under the current shows that the fuse realizes effective protection, the current value is reduced for continuous testing, when the test result under the current shows that the fuse cannot realize effective protection, the current value is increased for continuous testing until the minimum current value when the fuse is found to realize effective protection.
Further, the relevant components in the step 1) include connection wires between the battery cells, connection wires of the battery system, contactors and high-voltage cables.
Further, in order to meet the temperature rise requirement of the fuse, the temperature rise test process in the step 4) is as follows: and testing the temperature rise condition of the fuse according to the charge and discharge current in the existing battery MAP table, and adjusting the data of the battery MAP table according to the test result until the temperature rise requirement of the fuse is met.
Further, the effective protection of the battery means that under different currents, the tolerance time of the battery is longer than the fusing time of the fuse under the current, or the tolerance time of the battery is shorter than the fusing time of the fuse under the current, but when the battery is put into the lowest voltage state from the full-charge state before the fuse is fused under the current, the battery cannot fail.
Further, in order to quickly determine the continuous operation current of the fuse load, the continuous operation current in the step 2) is determined according to the continuous operation current of the whole vehicle driving system, the short-time impact current of the load switch of the driving system, and the overload current and the duration when the overload working condition exists.
Further, in order to quickly determine the capacity reduction coefficient of the fuse, the capacity reduction coefficient in the step 2) is determined according to the working temperature of the fuse, the heating of the connecting piece, the working altitude and the working life.
Furthermore, in order to obtain reasonable test point current, unnecessary tests are reduced to improve the test efficiency, the test point current in the step 1) of the withstand time test is selected according to the multiplying power characteristic of the battery, and the upper limit of the selected test point current is the limit short circuit current of the battery.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a specific flowchart of a method for matching protection of overload fuses of a vehicle system according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing a method for protecting overload fuse matching of a vehicle system according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the resistance of the battery cell, battery module, fuse and related components of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the minimum current value determined by the screening point method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following describes the embodiments of the present invention further with reference to the drawings.
Example 1
The invention provides a matching protection method for an overload fuse of a vehicle battery system, and the specific flow is shown in figure 1. Firstly, performing tolerance time test on single batteries, battery modules and related parts of a battery system to obtain tolerance curves corresponding to the single batteries, the battery modules and the related parts; determining continuous working current of a battery system load and a capacity reduction coefficient of the fuse, and determining a rated current interval of the fuse according to the determined continuous working current and capacity reduction coefficient; then, tolerance curves of fuses of different types in a rated current interval are obtained, and the types of fuses for effectively protecting the single battery, the battery module and related parts are determined; finally, carrying out temperature rise test on the fuses with the screened models, determining the charge and discharge characteristics of the battery, and judging whether the obtained charge and discharge characteristics of the battery meet the power performance requirement of the whole vehicle; when the charge and discharge characteristics of the battery meet the power performance requirements of the whole vehicle, the type of fuse is used as a fuse for overload protection of a battery system; and when the charge and discharge characteristics of the battery do not meet the power performance requirements of the whole vehicle, the model of the fuse is matched again until the charge and discharge performance of the battery meets the power performance requirements of the whole vehicle. The invention improves the matching performance of the fuse and the battery system in the existing fuse type selection method, and simultaneously carries out temperature rise test on the matched fuse, thereby meeting the power performance requirement of the whole vehicle while realizing effective protection of the fuse, realizing the accurate matching of the fuse and the battery, the battery system and parts of the vehicle, improving the safety performance of the whole vehicle and solving the problem of the protection blind area existing in the process of singly relying on theoretical calculation or only carrying out matching protection with wires.
Step 1, generating a tolerance curve of a battery system
According to the invention, firstly, the single battery, the battery module and related parts of the battery system are subjected to tolerance time test, and the test results are subjected to curve fitting to generate tolerance curves of the single battery, the battery module and related parts, namely, the single battery, the battery module and related parts are subjected to characteristic fitting according to the characteristic point tolerance time determined by the test, so as to generate corresponding tolerance curves. The relevant parts include connecting wires among the battery cells, connecting wires of the battery system, contactors and high-voltage cables.
The test point current in the tolerance time test is selected according to the multiplying power characteristic of the battery, for example, test points of the battery are selected according to three sections of 500A-1500A, 1500A-3000A and more than 3000A respectively, 500A-1000A can be selected according to one point per 200A, 1500A-3000A can be selected according to one point per 500A, more than 3000A can be selected according to one point per 2000A, meanwhile, in order to reduce unnecessary tests and improve the test efficiency, the upper limit of the selected test point current is the limit short circuit current of the battery, and in addition, the test point current is selected to be properly relaxed according to the low temperature and low SOC state of the battery. As other embodiments, the selection of the test point current may be determined according to the actual condition of the battery. The battery tolerance time refers to the limit time that the battery can bear under any current, and beyond this time, the battery can have failure conditions such as leakage, tab fusing, internal thermal runaway, safety valve opening and the like.
In this embodiment, the tolerance time test is performed on the single battery, the battery module and the related components of the battery system, a plurality of current test points are selected, the tolerance time of the single battery, the battery module and the related components under different current values is tested and generated, curve fitting is performed on the generated characteristic points, and the obtained result is shown in fig. 3, so that the tolerance time of the different components is reduced along with the increase of the current value.
Step 2, determining the rated current interval of the fuse
In order to find the fuse with the best matching performance with the whole vehicle battery system in the fuses of all types, the continuous working current of the load of the battery system and the capacity reduction coefficient of the fuse are determined, and then the rated current interval of the fuse is determined according to the determined continuous working current and capacity reduction coefficient.
When determining the rated current interval of the fuse, the impact of the surge current impact when the load is switched, the overload current value and duration of the load with overload working condition are evaluated, and the influence of the conditions such as duration or pulse of the load current type, the length of the operation period and the like is determined. The rated current of the fuse should be no less than the maximum operating current value that persists in the high voltage circuit in which the fuse is located. The specific calculation process is as follows:
a) Determining a continuous operating current I of a battery system load RMS The method is characterized in that the continuous working current of the whole vehicle driving system, the short-time impact current of the driving system load and the overload current and the duration time of the overload working condition are determined; can be obtained by dividing the nominal voltage by the nominal power.
b) Determining the technical requirements of the working temperature of the fuse, the heating of the connecting device, the working altitude, the working life and the like, and obtaining various parameters including the thermal connection (K e ) Air cooling (K) v ) Ambient temperature (K) t ) Frequency (K) f ) Coefficient of elevation (K) a ) Periodic parameters of current (A) 2 ) Load start-stop period (A) 3 ) And determining the capacity reduction coefficient by multiplying the acquired parameters. Meanwhile, aiming at the application scenes of high altitude, high temperature and frequent current impact in a working loop, the capacity reduction coefficient needs to be increased.
c) Determining rated current of fuse
According to the calculated rated current interval of the fuse, when devices with capacitors, inductors and transformers in a circuit or motor loads and other equipment with starting current impact and overload working conditions are applied, the rated current selection of the fuse is checked, and the normal operation of the whole life of the impact current can be ensured.
Step 3, matching the model of the fuse
And 2, determining a rated current interval of the fuse, screening the types of the fuse, selecting the fuse with rated current in the rated current interval, acquiring tolerance curves of the screened fuses of all types, and determining the types of the fuse for effectively protecting the single battery, the battery module and related parts according to the tolerance curves of the single battery, the battery module and related parts. When the whole tolerance curve of the fuse is below the tolerance curves of the single battery, the battery module and related parts (namely, the tolerance time of the fuse is smaller than the tolerance time of the single battery, the battery module and related parts under the same current), the fuse is judged to be capable of effectively protecting the single battery, the battery module and related parts; however, the selected fuse curve cannot be too far down, so that the over-protection phenomenon or the great reduction of the whole vehicle performance of the battery system is avoided. It is desirable to select a fuse withstand curve that is not too far from the other curves, but is entirely below the other withstand curves.
The effective protection of the battery means that under different currents, the tolerance time of the battery is longer than the fusing time of the fuse under the current, or the tolerance time of the battery is shorter than the fusing time of the fuse under the current, but when the battery is put into the lowest voltage state from the full-charge state before the fuse is fused under the current, the battery can not have the failure conditions of leakage, tab fusing, internal thermal runaway, valve opening of the safety valve and the like. If the withstand time of the battery is less than the fusing time of the fuse under the current, the battery can have failure conditions such as leakage, tab fusing, internal thermal runaway, valve opening of a safety valve and the like before the fuse is fused under the current, so that the protection is failed.
In this embodiment, according to the tolerance curves of the unit cells, the battery modules and the related components of the battery system in fig. 3, the tolerance curves of the fuses capable of achieving effective protection of the battery system are found as shown in the high-voltage direct-current fuse tolerance curves in fig. 2, and it can be seen from fig. 3 that the overall tolerance curves of the fuses are lower than other tolerance curves, except that when the current value is 700A to 800A, the tolerance curves of the fuses are above the tolerance curves of the connecting wires between the battery cells, the connecting wires in the case and the contactors, but this cannot indicate that the fuses cannot achieve effective protection of the battery system, because in the case of lower current value, if the battery is placed from the full-power state to the lowest-voltage state, no failure occurs, and the selected fuses also achieve fusing under this current, the over-protection condition occurs, resulting in the performance degradation of the battery system and the whole vehicle.
Step 4. Temperature rise test of fuse
Based on the screened type of the fuse, carrying out temperature rise test on the fuse, determining the charge and discharge characteristics of the battery, and judging whether the obtained charge and discharge characteristics of the battery meet the power performance requirement of the whole vehicle; when the charge and discharge characteristics of the battery meet the power performance requirements of the whole vehicle, the type of fuse is used as a fuse for overload protection of a battery system; and when the charge and discharge characteristics of the battery do not meet the power performance requirements of the whole vehicle, the model of the fuse is matched again until the charge and discharge performance of the battery meets the power performance requirements of the whole vehicle.
The temperature rise test process of the fuse comprises the following steps: according to the temperature rise condition of the existing battery MAP table for testing the fuse, adjusting battery MAP table data according to the test result, and if the temperature of the fuse rises above the test standard, reducing the charge and discharge current in the MAP table by 10% for retesting until the temperature rise requirement of the fuse is met; in the actual test, the charge-discharge current derating coefficient in the MAP table can be determined empirically for retesting; the running current of the road spectrum of the real vehicle can be collected, and the temperature rise test of the fuse can be carried out according to the running current of the road spectrum. As other embodiments, the fuse may also be directly re-matched when the temperature rise test does not meet the temperature rise requirement.
Step 5, performing matching retest on the battery system and the fuse
After the temperature rise test is finished, the model capable of effectively protecting the fuse of the battery system is determined, and in order to avoid the condition that the fuse generates over protection or failure protection on the battery system, matching retest is carried out on the battery system and the fuse. And determining a minimum current value corresponding to fusing of the fuse before failure of the battery system by adopting a screening point method, and comparing the minimum current value with a set effective protection threshold value and a set over-protection threshold value, wherein the over-protection threshold value is smaller than the effective protection threshold value. When the minimum current value is smaller than or equal to the effective protection threshold value and larger than the over-protection threshold value, the fuse can realize the overload protection of the battery system, and meanwhile, the over-protection condition can not occur. And when the minimum current value is greater than the effective protection threshold or greater than the over-protection threshold, adjusting the battery MAP table data or reselecting the fuse model. As other embodiments, the setting of the threshold value can be determined according to specific practical situations of different vehicle battery systems, and the basis for determination is that the battery can be effectively protected without causing over-protection. For example, the found minimum current value is 800A, the effective protection threshold is set to be 1000A, and the over-protection threshold is set to be 600A, which indicates that the fuse can realize overload protection of the battery system and cannot over-protect the battery system. However, if the minimum current value is 500A, the MAP table data needs to be adjusted or the type of the fuse needs to be reselected, and although the type of the fuse can realize effective protection of the battery system, the battery system will not fail under the current of 500A, and if the type of the fuse is still used for fusing, the high-voltage circuit of the battery system will be interrupted under the condition of no risk, and the normal operation of the system is affected, so that the over-protection has no meaning.
The specific process of determining the minimum current value by adopting the screening point method is as follows: according to the determined tolerance curve of the fuse and the tolerance time of the battery under different currents, firstly selecting an intermediate current value for testing, when the test result under the current shows that the fuse can realize effective protection, reducing the current value for continuous testing, when the test result under the current shows that the fuse cannot realize effective protection, reducing the current value for continuous testing until the minimum current value when the fuse is found to realize effective protection. For example, as shown in fig. 4, the selected intermediate current value is 1400A, if the test result of 1400A current shows that the fuse is blown before the failure of the battery system, then 1000A is continuously selected for testing, and if the test result of 1000A current shows that the fuse is blown before the failure of the battery system, then 800A is continuously selected for testing; if the 1400A current test result shows that the fuse is fused after the battery fails, continuing to select 2000A for testing, and the like until the minimum current value of the fuse is found to realize effective protection of the battery system.
Example 2
The invention also provides a matching protection method for the overload fuse of the vehicle battery system, and the specific flow is shown in figure 2. Firstly, performing tolerance time test on single batteries, battery modules and related parts of a battery system to obtain tolerance curves corresponding to the single batteries, the battery modules and the related parts; determining a rated current interval of the fuse; then, tolerance curves of fuses of different types in a rated current interval are obtained, and the types of fuses for effectively protecting the single battery, the battery module and related parts are determined; finally, carrying out temperature rise test on the fuses with the screened models, determining the charge and discharge characteristics of the battery, and judging whether the obtained charge and discharge characteristics of the battery meet the power performance requirement of the whole vehicle; when the charge and discharge characteristics of the battery meet the power performance requirements of the whole vehicle, the type of fuse is used as a fuse for overload protection of a battery system; when the charge and discharge characteristics of the battery do not meet the power performance requirements of the whole vehicle, the battery MAP table is adjusted, and the type of the fuse protector for overload protection of the battery system is determined through the adjusted battery MAP table.
The method is consistent with the specific implementation mode of the overload fuse protection method of the vehicle battery system in the embodiment 1, and is different in that when the charge and discharge characteristics of the battery do not meet the power performance requirement of the whole vehicle, a battery MAP table is adjusted, whether the temperature rise test requirement is met or not is judged according to the adjusted battery MAP table, when the temperature rise test requirement is met, whether the charge and discharge characteristics of the battery obtained after the adjustment of the battery MAP table meet the power performance requirement of the whole vehicle is judged, and when the power performance requirement of the whole vehicle is met, the model fuse is used as the fuse for overload protection of the battery system; and when the power performance requirement of the whole vehicle is not met, continuously adjusting the battery MAP table within the set adjustment times until the battery charge and discharge characteristics obtained after the battery MAP table is adjusted meet the power performance requirement of the whole vehicle, and if the battery charge and discharge characteristics obtained after the battery MAP table is adjusted still not meet the power performance requirement of the whole vehicle after the set adjustment times are met, re-matching the model of the fuse until the power performance requirement of the whole vehicle is met.
According to the invention, the fuse which can effectively protect the vehicle battery system is screened out by the two methods, so that the precise matching of the fuse with the vehicle battery, the battery system and parts is realized, and the safety performance of the whole vehicle is improved.
Claims (10)
1. A method for matching and protecting an overload fuse of a vehicle battery system, comprising the steps of:
1) Performing tolerance time test on the single batteries, the battery modules and related parts of the battery system to obtain tolerance curves corresponding to the single batteries, the battery modules and the related parts;
2) Determining continuous working current of a battery system load and a capacity reduction coefficient of the fuse, and determining a rated current interval of the fuse according to the determined continuous working current and capacity reduction coefficient;
3) According to the rated current interval of the fuse, obtaining tolerance curves of fuses of different types in the rated current interval; determining the type of a fuse for effectively protecting the single battery, the battery module and related parts according to tolerance curves of the single battery, the battery module and related parts;
4) Carrying out temperature rise test on the screened type fuse, determining the charge and discharge characteristics of the battery, and judging whether the obtained charge and discharge characteristics of the battery meet the power performance requirement of the whole vehicle; when the charge and discharge characteristics of the battery meet the power performance requirements of the whole vehicle, the type of fuse is used as a fuse for overload protection of a battery system; and when the charge and discharge characteristics of the battery do not meet the power performance requirements of the whole vehicle, the model of the fuse is matched again until the charge and discharge performance of the battery meets the power performance requirements of the whole vehicle.
2. The method for matching and protecting the overload fuse of the vehicle battery system according to claim 1, wherein when the power performance requirement of the whole vehicle is met, matching and retesting is carried out on the fuse and the battery system, a minimum current value corresponding to the fuse before the failure of the battery system is found, if the minimum current value is smaller than or equal to a set effective protection threshold value and larger than or equal to a set overload protection threshold value, the model fuse is used as the fuse for overload protection of the battery system, and if the minimum current value is larger than the set effective protection threshold value or smaller than the set overload protection threshold value, battery MAP table data is adjusted or the model of the fuse is reselected.
3. The method for matching protection of overload fuses of a vehicle battery system according to claim 2, wherein the method for re-testing the matching performance of the fuses and the battery system is a screening point method, according to the determined tolerance curve of the fuses and the tolerance time of the battery system under different currents, an intermediate current value is selected for testing, when the test result under the current shows that the fuses realize effective protection, the current value is reduced for continuous testing, when the test result under the current shows that the fuses cannot realize effective protection, the current value is increased for continuous testing until the minimum current value when the fuses realize effective protection is found.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the related components in step 1) include connection wires between the respective cells, connection wires of the battery system, contactors and high-voltage cables.
5. The method for protecting overload fuse matching of vehicle battery system according to claim 1, wherein the temperature rise test procedure in step 4) is as follows: and testing the temperature rise condition of the fuse according to the charge and discharge current in the existing battery MAP table, and adjusting the data of the battery MAP table according to the test result until the temperature rise requirement of the fuse is met.
6. The method for matching protection of overload fuse of vehicle battery system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the effective protection of the battery means that the battery has a tolerance time longer than the fuse time under the current or a tolerance time shorter than the fuse time under the current, but the battery will not fail when the battery is put from full state to the lowest voltage state before the fuse is blown under the current.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the continuous operation current in the step 2) is determined according to the continuous operation current of the whole vehicle driving system, the short-time rush current of the driving system load, and the overload current and the duration when the overload condition exists.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the capacity reduction coefficient in the step 2) is determined according to an operation temperature of the fuse, heating of the connector, an operation altitude, and an operation life.
9. The method for protecting an overload fuse of a vehicle battery system according to claim 1, wherein the test point current in the step 1) of the withstand time test is selected according to the multiplying power characteristic of the battery, and the upper limit of the selected test point current is the limit short-circuit current of the battery.
10. A method for matching and protecting an overload fuse of a vehicle battery system, comprising the steps of:
1) Performing tolerance time test on the single batteries, the battery modules and related parts of the battery system to obtain tolerance curves corresponding to the single batteries, the battery modules and the related parts;
2) Determining continuous working current of a battery system load and a capacity reduction coefficient of the fuse, and determining a rated current interval of the fuse according to the determined continuous working current and capacity reduction coefficient;
3) According to the rated current interval of the fuse, obtaining tolerance curves of fuses of different types in the rated current interval; determining the type of a fuse for effectively protecting the single battery, the battery module and related parts according to tolerance curves of the single battery, the battery module and related parts;
4) Carrying out temperature rise test on the screened type fuse, determining the charge and discharge characteristics of the battery, and judging whether the obtained charge and discharge characteristics of the battery meet the power performance requirement of the whole vehicle; when the charge and discharge characteristics of the battery meet the power performance requirements of the whole vehicle, the type of fuse is used as a fuse for overload protection of a battery system; when the battery charge and discharge characteristics do not meet the power performance requirements of the whole vehicle, the battery MAP table is adjusted, whether the battery MAP table meets the temperature rise test requirements is judged according to the adjusted battery MAP table, when the battery MAP table meets the temperature rise test requirements, whether the battery charge and discharge characteristics obtained after the battery MAP table is adjusted meet the power performance requirements of the whole vehicle is judged, and when the power performance requirements of the whole vehicle are met, the type fuse is used as a fuse for overload protection of a battery system; and when the power performance requirement of the whole vehicle is not met, continuously adjusting the battery MAP table within the set adjustment times until the battery charge and discharge characteristics obtained after the battery MAP table is adjusted meet the power performance requirement of the whole vehicle, and if the battery charge and discharge characteristics obtained after the battery MAP table is adjusted still not meet the power performance requirement of the whole vehicle after the set adjustment times are met, re-matching the model of the fuse until the power performance requirement of the whole vehicle is met.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117607756A (en) * | 2024-01-18 | 2024-02-27 | 杭州布雷科电气有限公司 | Fuse performance test platform based on antagonistic neural network |
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