CN116448590B - Clamp assembly, test device and test method for sheet high-temperature tensile test - Google Patents
Clamp assembly, test device and test method for sheet high-temperature tensile test Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sheet high-temperature tensile test clamp assembly, a test device and a test method. The clamp assembly comprises a mechanical clamping unit and a winding clamping unit, wherein the mechanical clamping unit comprises an upper mechanical clamping part and a lower mechanical clamping part, and the upper mechanical clamping part and the lower mechanical clamping part are formed by oppositely buckling an upper mechanical clamping cover and a lower mechanical clamping cover; the winding clamping unit comprises an upper winding clamping part and a lower winding clamping part, and the upper winding clamping part and the lower winding clamping part are formed by oppositely buckling an upper winding clamping body and a lower winding clamping body; when a high-temperature tensile test is performed, the upper end and the lower end of the sheet are respectively wound on the upper winding clamping part and the lower winding clamping part and are mechanically clamped in the upper mechanical clamping part and the lower mechanical clamping part. The invention uses mechanical clamping and winding clamping composite clamping, can stably and effectively clamp the sheet in the tensile test, can not loosen and slip even in a high-temperature softening state, and ensures the smooth performance of the high-temperature tensile test of the sheet.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sheet material mechanical property testing, in particular to a sheet material high-temperature tensile test clamp assembly, a test device and a test method.
Background
In the fire protection field of the construction industry, high temperature performance evaluation of materials is of paramount importance. As an emerging sheet material, the building membrane material is increasingly used in building structures due to the advantages of light weight, high strength, good light transmittance, easy realization of large span and the like. However, the research on the mechanical properties of the membrane materials in a high-temperature environment is very limited at present.
The tensile test is a basic test method for testing the tensile strength and the deformability of various metal and non-metal materials. At present, two clamping modes of a clamp to a sample in the tensile test of various materials are adopted, one clamping mode is mechanical clamping, the sample is clamped by clamping force and friction force between a clamping block and the sample, and the clamp is suitable for materials with larger thickness such as steel, concrete and the like; the other is winding type clamping, and the sample is compressed by winding the sample on the clamping blocks to form extrusion force between the clamping blocks, so that the clamping blocks are suitable for materials with smaller thickness such as films, for example, a sheet-shaped material winding type high-temperature tensile test fixture is disclosed in the prior application CN107860650A of the inventor. Because the dimension of the building membrane material in the thickness direction is smaller (generally below millimeter), when the mechanical clamp is used for stretching, the problems of uneven distribution of clamping force, fracture of a sample near a clamping end and the like are easy to occur, and the result is invalid; when the existing winding type clamp is used for stretching, after the sample is placed in a high-temperature furnace or an environment box, the sample is softened to a certain extent along with the rise of temperature, and slipping is easy to occur, so that the test fails finally. Secondly, the existing clamp is generally heavy, and for a film sample, the clamp cannot be placed in a high-temperature furnace or an environment box due to oversized self dimension, so that the miniaturization of the clamp is also a key of a high-temperature tensile test of a sheet material.
Therefore, it is necessary to design a new sheet material clamp to meet the requirements of high temperature tensile testing.
Disclosure of Invention
(one) solving the technical problems
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a clamp assembly, a test device and a test method for a sheet high-temperature tensile test, which are mechanically clamped and wound clamped in a combined mode, have a self-locking function, can stably and effectively clamp the sheet in the tensile test, cannot loosen and slip even in a high-temperature softening state, and ensure the smooth performance of the sheet high-temperature tensile test.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the first aspect of the present invention provides a sheet high temperature tensile test clamp assembly comprising a mechanical clamping unit and a winding clamping unit, wherein:
the mechanical clamping unit comprises an upper mechanical clamping part and a lower mechanical clamping part, the upper mechanical clamping part and the lower mechanical clamping part are formed by oppositely buckling an upper mechanical clamping cover and a lower mechanical clamping cover, fastening clamping structures are correspondingly arranged on the upper mechanical clamping cover and the lower mechanical clamping cover, an upper connecting rod is fixed on the upper mechanical clamping cover of the upper mechanical clamping part, and a lower connecting rod is fixed on the lower mechanical clamping cover of the lower mechanical clamping part;
the winding clamping unit comprises an upper winding clamping part and a lower winding clamping part, the upper winding clamping part and the lower winding clamping part are formed by oppositely buckling an upper winding clamping body and a lower winding clamping body, and concave-convex buckling structures are arranged on the opposite buckling surfaces of the upper winding clamping body and the lower winding clamping body;
when the sheet high-temperature tensile test is performed, the upper end of the sheet is wound between the winding clamping upper body and the winding clamping lower body of the upper winding clamping part and is mechanically clamped in the upper mechanical clamping part by the fastening clamping structure, the lower end of the sheet is wound between the winding clamping upper body and the winding clamping lower body of the lower winding clamping part and is mechanically clamped in the lower mechanical clamping part by the fastening clamping structure, and the upper connecting rod and the lower connecting rod are respectively connected with the tensile test machine.
In some embodiments, the upper and lower mechanical clamping portions are each a box-like structure, with the interior of the box-like structure being configured to receive and mechanically clamp the upper and lower winding clamping portions.
In some embodiments, the mechanical clamping upper cover and the mechanical clamping lower cover are both bottom surfaces and one side surface of the mechanical clamping upper cover and one side surface of the mechanical clamping lower cover are open, the mechanical clamping upper cover and the mechanical clamping lower cover are buckled up and down oppositely to form a box-shaped structure, and the sheet is led out from the side surface open.
In some embodiments, the fastening and clamping structure is a bolt clamping plate, and the bolt clamping plate is correspondingly arranged on at least two opposite sides of the mechanical clamping upper cover and the mechanical clamping lower cover, and the mechanical clamping upper cover and the mechanical clamping lower cover are fastened and clamped by bolts after being buckled oppositely.
In some embodiments, the winding clamping upper body and the winding clamping lower body are triangular prism bodies with right triangle cross sections, and the hypotenuse of the right triangle forms opposite buckling surfaces of the winding clamping upper body and the winding clamping lower body.
In some embodiments, the male and female snap structures are corrugated structures formed on opposing snap surfaces of the winding clamp upper body and the winding clamp lower body, the corrugated structures having corresponding arcuate projections and arcuate recesses.
In some embodiments, the lengths and heights of the upper and lower winding clamps are consistent with the inner clear lengths and the inner clear heights of the box-shaped structures of the upper and lower mechanical clamps, and the widths are slightly larger than the inner clear widths of the box-shaped structures of the upper and lower mechanical clamps.
The second aspect of the invention provides a sheet high-temperature tensile test device, which comprises a tensile test machine, a connecting component thereof and a high-temperature furnace or an environment box, and further comprises the clamp assembly provided by the first aspect of the invention, wherein two ends of a sheet are clamped and fixed by a mechanical clamping unit and a winding clamping unit, are connected with the connecting component of the tensile test machine through an upper connecting rod and a lower connecting rod, and are provided with a high-temperature environment by the high-temperature furnace or the environment box.
The third aspect of the present invention provides a high-temperature tensile test method for a sheet, which adopts the high-temperature tensile test apparatus for a sheet provided in the second aspect of the present invention, comprising:
s1, installing an upper connecting rod on a mechanical clamping upper cover of which the upper part is connected with an upper mechanical clamping part, and connecting a lower connecting rod on a mechanical clamping lower cover of which the lower part is connected with a lower mechanical clamping part, wherein the mechanical clamping upper cover and the mechanical clamping lower cover are buckled oppositely but are not screwed temporarily;
s2, winding and clamping the upper clamping area, namely winding and clamping the sheet on the upper winding and clamping part according to a preset winding mode, and finishing the winding and clamping of the upper clamping area;
s3, mechanically clamping the upper clamping area, embedding an upper winding clamping part for finishing sheet winding clamping into a cavity surrounded by the mechanical clamping upper cover and the mechanical clamping lower cover, and screwing and fixing the mechanical clamping upper cover and the mechanical clamping lower cover to finish mechanical clamping of the upper clamping area;
s4, winding clamping and mechanical clamping of the lower clamping area are completed according to the winding clamping and mechanical clamping methods of S2 and S3;
s5, preparing a high-temperature furnace or an environment box and positioning;
s6, stretching, namely adjusting the initial tension of the sheet by using a tensile testing machine to finish the installation of the test piece, closing the high-temperature furnace or the environment box, increasing the temperature in the high-temperature furnace or the environment box to a set temperature, and starting a high-temperature tensile test after the temperature of the internal air is consistent with that of the test piece to be tested.
In some embodiments, the predetermined winding manner is specifically:
surrounding the sheet material into a U shape and sleeving the U shape on the outer side of the winding clamping upper body, and attaching the short side to the concave-convex buckling structure; then laminate the winding centre gripping upper body and the winding centre gripping lower body to twine the minor face and the long limit of sheet together along winding centre gripping lower body bottom side, winding centre gripping lower body back, winding centre gripping upper body top surface's order, and ensure that the minor face can not extend before the winding centre gripping upper body after winding of winding centre gripping upper body top surface, the gauge length of long limit should be located winding centre gripping upper body front and top surface juncture just, and will long limit natural overhang, accomplish the winding centre gripping of last clamping area.
(III) beneficial effects
The invention discloses a sheet high-temperature tensile test clamp assembly, a test device and a test method, which at least have the following beneficial effects:
(1) The clamp assembly for the high-temperature tensile test of the sheet has the mechanical clamping type and winding clamping type composite clamping with the self-locking function, can stably and effectively clamp the sheet in the tensile test, and can not loosen and skid even in a high-temperature softening state;
(2) For mechanical clamping, the structure is simple, the processing and the manufacturing are easy, and good mechanical clamping performance can be obtained, and the component cannot be loosened even under the action of large stretching; for winding clamping, the structure is simple, the processing and the manufacturing are easy, and good winding clamping performance can be obtained, and even if the sheet is softened at a higher temperature, the sheet cannot slip;
(3) The contact area is increased through the corrugated interface, enough friction resistance is provided, a firm buckling effect is realized, an effective self-locking function is ensured to be provided for the sheet, the sample can be prevented from sliding at the clamping end in a high-temperature environment, and the defect that the existing sheet material high-temperature tensile test clamp processes the sheet material at a high temperature is overcome;
(4) The invention is mainly aimed at the high-temperature tensile test of sheet materials such as building film materials, the structure of the clamp assembly is simple and small, the clamp assembly is not limited by the internal space of a high-temperature furnace and an environmental box, enough space is reserved for the high-temperature deformation of the materials, and the accuracy of the high-temperature tensile test result is ensured;
(5) The specific winding clamping mode can ensure that the sheet is firmly clamped between the winding clamping upper body and the winding clamping lower body, and the sheet is prevented from slipping during high-temperature stretching.
It should be understood that the implementation of any of the embodiments of the invention is not intended to simultaneously possess or achieve some or all of the above-described benefits.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art from this disclosure that the drawings described below are merely exemplary and that other embodiments may be derived from the drawings provided without undue effort.
The structures, proportions, sizes, etc. shown in the present specification are shown only for the purposes of illustration and description, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the claims, but rather by the claims.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a clamp assembly installed (unsecured) in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a mechanical clamping unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of an upper mechanical clamping part according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a winding and clamping unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an upper wrap nip in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a winding grip state according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a mechanical clamping upper cover, a mechanical clamping lower cover and a fastening clamping structure according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing an installation state of an upper winding nip according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a front view showing an installation state of an upper winding nip according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of an upper wrap nip and sheet mounting condition in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic illustration of a sheet winding process in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 12 is a schematic view of a sheet winding completed state according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The numbers in the figures represent the meanings:
1-a mechanical clamping unit, 2-a winding clamping unit and 3-a sheet;
11-upper mechanical clamping part, 111-mechanical clamping upper cover, 112-mechanical clamping lower cover, 113-fastening clamping structure, 114-upper connecting rod, 115-lower connecting rod;
12-a lower mechanical clamping part;
21-upper winding clamping parts, 211-upper winding clamping bodies, 212-lower winding clamping bodies and 213-concave-convex buckling structures;
22-lower winding grip.
Like or corresponding reference characters indicate like or corresponding parts throughout the several views.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions herein are for the purpose of explaining the present invention, but are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
In the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communicated with the inside of two elements or the interaction relationship of the two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
It should be understood that the terms "comprises/comprising," "consists of … …," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a product, apparatus, process, or method that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such product, apparatus, process, or method as desired. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrases "comprising/including … …," "consisting of … …," and the like, does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a product, apparatus, process, or method that includes the element.
It is further understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in an orientation or positional relationship based on that shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate describing the present invention and to simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices, components, or structures referred to must have a particular orientation, be configured or operated in a particular orientation, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more, unless explicitly defined otherwise.
The sheet material is soft, and can be heated and softened during a high-temperature tensile test, if only mechanical clamping is adopted, the sheet material is easy to loose and can not be effectively clamped in a high-temperature test environment, and if only winding type clamping is adopted, the test piece is easy to slip in the beginning stage of stretching, so that the measurement result is influenced. Based on the self-locking composite sheet material high-temperature tensile test clamp, the self-locking function of the clamp is realized by a winding type clamping mode, and the stable clamping of the sheet material is realized by a mechanical clamping and winding clamping composite type clamping mode.
In order to better understand the above technical solution, the following detailed description will refer to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, a clamp assembly for high temperature tensile test of sheet material, specifically a clamp assembly for high temperature tensile test of sheet material with self-locking type of mechanical clamping and winding clamping, comprising a mechanical clamping unit 1 and a winding clamping unit 2, wherein the mechanical clamping unit 1 and the winding clamping unit 2 are used for clamping two ends of sheet material 3, and the winding clamping unit 2 is used for winding two ends of sheet material 3 and mechanically clamping the sheet material by the mechanical clamping unit 1, so that the two ends of the sheet material 3 are tightly clamped, and the sheet material can be ensured to be neither loosened nor slipped in the high temperature tensile state of the sheet material.
The sheet material is mainly a sheet material such as a building film material, and includes a film sample, which is soft and is easily softened by heat during a high-temperature tensile test. The dimensions are typically 50mm wide and the gauge length is 200mm long, the remaining sections being for connection to a clamp.
The present invention provides a specific mechanical clamping unit 1, as shown in fig. 2, comprising an upper mechanical clamping part 11 and a lower mechanical clamping part 12, wherein the upper mechanical clamping part 11 and the lower mechanical clamping part 12 are arranged in a mirror image manner up and down, and mechanically clamp a winding clamping unit 2 and a sheet 3 from the upper end and the lower end respectively.
The upper mechanical clamping part 11 and the lower mechanical clamping part 12 are formed by buckling the upper mechanical clamping cover 111 and the lower mechanical clamping cover 112 in an opposite manner, and after buckling, as shown in fig. 3, a mechanical clamping space is formed between the upper mechanical clamping cover 111 and the lower mechanical clamping cover 112 after buckling in an opposite manner, or referred to as a mechanical clamping cavity, so as to be capable of accommodating and mechanically clamping the winding clamping unit 2 and the sheet 3.
It should be noted that the mechanical clamping upper cover 111 and the mechanical clamping lower cover 112 of the present invention should be understood more broadly as planar or three-dimensional structures capable of forming a certain internal space, and should not be understood simply as covers having a certain depth or curvature.
In order to achieve a stable mechanical clamping, with continued reference to fig. 2, the mechanical clamping upper cover 111 and the mechanical clamping lower cover 112 are correspondingly provided with fastening clamping structures, and the fastening clamping structures are used for fastening and clamping the mechanical clamping upper cover 111 and the mechanical clamping lower cover 112 after being buckled oppositely, for example, applying a pretightening force, so as to achieve a firm fixation of the internal winding clamping unit 2 and the sheet 3.
In order to connect with the tensile testing machine in the tensile test, an upper connecting rod 114 is fixed to the mechanical clamping upper cover 111 of the upper mechanical clamping part 11, and a lower connecting rod 115 is fixed to the mechanical clamping lower cover 112 of the lower mechanical clamping part 12. The upper connection rod 114 and the lower connection rod 115 are respectively used to connect the tensile tester from the upper and lower ends at the time of tensile test. The surfaces of the upper connecting rod 114 and the lower connecting rod 115 can be externally threaded or have other connecting structures so as to be connected and fixed with a tensile testing machine.
With continued reference to fig. 4 and 5, the present invention provides a specific winding and clamping unit 2, which includes an upper winding and clamping portion 21 and a lower winding and clamping portion 22, wherein the upper winding and clamping portion 21 and the lower winding and clamping portion 22 are formed by oppositely buckling an upper winding and clamping body 211 and a lower winding and clamping body 212, and the upper winding and clamping body 211 and the lower winding and clamping body 212 are respectively provided with a concave-convex buckling structure 213 at opposite buckling positions. The upper winding nip 21 and the lower winding nip 22 are also arranged in mirror symmetry up and down for winding and nipping the upper and lower ends of the sheet 3, respectively. The winding grip upper body 211 and the winding grip lower body 212 can be fastened to each other. As shown in fig. 6, the upper and lower ends of the sheet 3 are wound between the winding clamping upper body 211 and the winding clamping lower body 212 in a certain winding manner, the fastening surfaces are mutually embedded and fastened by the concave-convex fastening structures 213, so as to realize the compression fastening of the sheet 3 in the winding state, when the tensile test is performed, the sheet 3 is subjected to the tensile force, the winding clamping upper body 211 and the winding clamping lower body 212 are mutually clamped and fastened, the sheet 3 realizes self-locking under the action of the concave-convex fastening structures 213, and the sliding in the tensile process can be effectively prevented.
As can be seen from the structure of the above clamp assembly, when a high temperature tensile test is performed on a sheet, the upper end of the sheet 3 is wound between the winding clamping upper body 211 and the winding clamping lower body 212 of the upper winding clamping portion 21, then is integrally put into the upper mechanical clamping portion 11 and is mechanically clamped and fastened by the fastening clamping structure, the lower end of the sheet 3 is wound between the winding clamping upper body 211 and the winding clamping lower body 212 of the lower winding clamping portion 22, then is integrally put into the lower mechanical clamping portion 12 and is mechanically clamped and fastened by the fastening clamping structure, the upper connecting rod 114 and the lower connecting rod 115 are respectively connected with a tensile testing machine, the tensile testing machine stretches the upper connecting rod 114 and the lower connecting rod 115, thereby performing a high temperature tensile test on the sheet 3, the upper and lower ends of the sheet 3 are mechanically clamped and winding clamping composite clamping functions by the mechanical clamping unit 1 and the winding clamping unit 2 in the tensile testing process, and a self-locking function can be realized in the winding clamping process at the same time, and loosening and sliding of the sheet in the high temperature tensile testing process can be effectively inhibited.
In the case of performing a high-temperature tensile test on a sheet, an excessively large jig size and weight will have a large negative influence on the tensile test result, and a uniform temperature distribution is required in the high-temperature tensile test, which requires as little internal space as possible in a high-temperature furnace or an environmental chamber, and a small internal space means that a miniaturized jig is required. In addition, the material softens at high temperatures, often with greater elongation at break, so that the miniaturized clamp can leave more room for deformation of the test piece by high temperature stretching. Accordingly, the present invention contemplates a compact clamp assembly, see fig. 1-3, in which the upper and lower mechanical clamps 11, 12 are each box-like structures for receiving and mechanically clamping the upper and lower winding clamps 21, 22. Specifically, the upper mechanical clamping part 11 forms an upper half box, the lower mechanical clamping part 12 forms a lower half box, the two shapes and the sizes are symmetrical, a complete mechanical clamping cavity is formed in the box after the upper half box and the lower half box are buckled, the box-type structure is convenient to install the subsequent winding clamping part, the box-type structure is easy to process and manufacture, for example, steel plate welding is simply adopted, the shape and the size of the box-type structure are also easy to design according to the specific requirements of a tensile test, the box-type structure can be made as small as possible on the premise of meeting the test requirements, enough space is reserved for high-temperature deformation of materials so as to adapt to the requirements of smaller space volume and longer deformation in a high-temperature furnace or an environmental box of the high-temperature test, and the accuracy of the high-temperature tensile test result is ensured.
More specifically, the mechanical clamping upper cover 111 and the mechanical clamping lower cover 112 adopt a square box structure, or are called square boxes, and are respectively provided with a bottom surface and one side surface which is open, as shown in the front surfaces of fig. 2 and 3, the mechanical clamping upper cover 111 and the mechanical clamping lower cover 112 are buckled up and down oppositely to form a square box structure, and due to the open bottom surface, the mechanical clamping upper cover 111 and the mechanical clamping lower cover 112 are internally communicated to form a clamping cavity, and the installed sheet 3 is led out from the side surface which is open.
Referring to fig. 7, in some embodiments, the fastening and clamping structures are bolt clamping plates 113, where the bolt clamping plates 113 are correspondingly disposed on at least two opposite sides of the mechanical clamping upper cover 111 and the mechanical clamping lower cover 112, and since the front surfaces are open, the bolt clamping plates 113 are disposed on the left and right sides and the rear sides in this embodiment, extend outwards from the side walls of the upper and lower covers, and have corresponding bolt holes reserved thereon, and the mechanical clamping upper cover 111 and the mechanical clamping lower cover 112 are fastened and clamped by bolts after being fastened oppositely. The upper cover and the lower cover are firmly connected by fastening and clamping the three sides by bolts, and the inner winding clamping part can be applied with an omnibearing mechanical clamping effect.
With continued reference to fig. 5 and 6, in some embodiments, the winding clamp upper body 211 and the winding clamp lower body 212 are triangular prism bodies of right triangle cross section, with the hypotenuse of the right triangle forming the opposing snap faces of the winding clamp upper body 211 and the winding clamp lower body 212. The triangular prism bodies with the two right-angled triangle sections are buckled to form a square or rectangular prism body, and the square or rectangular prism body is easy to put into the box-shaped structures of the upper mechanical clamping part 11 and the lower mechanical clamping part 12. In addition, the triangular prism body with the right triangle section is easy to process and manufacture, and the concave-convex fastening structure 213 is easy to form on the inclined edge.
Preferably, each edge of the triangular prism with the right triangle cross section is processed into a circular arc chamfer to prevent the sheet 3 from being damaged due to sharp corners.
In some embodiments, the male and female snap structures 213 are corrugated structures formed on opposing snap surfaces of the winding clamp upper body 211 and the winding clamp lower body 212, the corrugated structures having corresponding arcuate projections and arcuate recesses. The bulges and the grooves of the corrugated structure are easy to machine and shape, the bulges and the grooves are easy to mutually buckle, the arc bulges and the arc grooves are provided with smooth arc surfaces, and the smooth arc surfaces can not cause structural damage to the sheet 3 when contacting, extruding and realizing self-locking with the sheet 3, which is particularly important for ensuring the smooth running of a tensile test, especially for thin film samples with thinner thickness.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 5, on the premise of meeting the miniaturization of the structure, the winding and clamping upper body 211 of the present invention has 3 arc-shaped protrusions and 2 arc-shaped grooves, and the winding and clamping lower body 212 has 3 arc-shaped grooves and 2 arc-shaped protrusions to be fastened to each other.
More specifically, the arc-shaped bulge and the arc-shaped groove are semicircular, and the arc-shaped bulge and the arc-shaped groove are easy to machine and shape and are buckled perfectly.
With continued reference to fig. 8-10, in some embodiments, the length and height of the upper wrap clamp portion 21 coincides with the net inner length and net inner height of the box structure of the upper mechanical clamp portion 11, and the width is slightly greater than the net inner width of the box structure of the upper mechanical clamp portion 11. It will be readily understood that the length, i.e., the dimension in the left-right direction in the drawing, the height, i.e., the dimension in the up-down direction in the drawing, and the width, i.e., the dimension in the front-back direction in the drawing, i.e., the depth or thickness. The depth of the upper winding nip 21, which is slightly greater than the net depth in the box-like structure of the upper mechanical nip 11, is preferably designed to be 1-2 times the thickness of the wall of the box-like structure, i.e. 5-10mm, which in this case is 5mm, and can be reasonably designed by a person skilled in the art to ensure that the sheet 3 is led out. By means of the design, the upper winding clamping part 21 formed by mutually buckling the winding clamping upper body 211 and the winding clamping lower body 212 can be just placed into the box-shaped structure of the upper mechanical clamping part 11, and the upper surface, the lower surface, the left surface and the right surface can be tightly attached to the inner wall of the box-shaped structure of the upper mechanical clamping part 11, so that after the upper mechanical clamping part 11 is mounted, firm mechanical clamping of the upper winding clamping part 21 is realized. Meanwhile, the depth of the upper winding clamping part 21 is slightly larger than the net depth in the box-shaped structure of the upper mechanical clamping part 11, so that the outer surface (namely, the front surface, particularly the outer surface of the upper winding clamping body 211 in the drawing) of the upper winding clamping part 21 slightly extends after installation, namely, protrudes outwards from the edge of the box-shaped structure of the upper mechanical clamping part 11, thus, after winding the sheet 3, the sheet 3 is conveniently led out, and the sheet 3 leaves the edge of the box-shaped structure of the upper mechanical clamping part 11 and cannot rub with the edge of the box-shaped structure, as shown in fig. 10.
Likewise, the lower winding clamp 22 and the lower mechanical clamp 12 have the same relative dimensional relationship.
In this embodiment, specifically, the outer portions of the upper mechanical clamping part 11 and the lower mechanical clamping part 12 of the box-shaped structure are 90mm long, 35mm high, 50mm wide, 5mm thick, 80mm long, 30mm high and 45mm deep. The upper winding clamping part 21 and the lower winding clamping part 22 are 80mm long, 30mm high and 50mm wide, and when the upper winding clamping part 21 and the lower winding clamping part 22 are placed in the upper mechanical clamping part 11 and the lower mechanical clamping part 12, the sizes of the length direction and the height direction are consistent, the close fit is realized, and the width direction can protrude 5mm from the inside of the box-shaped structure due to exceeding 5mm.
The connecting rods 114 and the lower connecting rods 115 are 70mm long and 20mm in diameter.
The bolt clamping plate 113 is 12mm long, 8mm wide, 2.5mm thick and 4mm in bolt hole diameter.
Thus, the sheet high temperature tensile test clamp assembly provided by the invention is clearly explained, and the design characteristics and the specific functions of the sheet high temperature tensile test clamp assembly can be clearly known to a person skilled in the art.
On the basis, the invention further provides a sheet high-temperature tensile test device, which comprises a tensile test machine, a connecting component of the tensile test machine, a sheet and a high-temperature furnace or an environment box, wherein the tensile test machine is respectively connected with an upper connecting rod 114 and a lower connecting rod 115, two ends of the sheet 3 are clamped and fixed by a mechanical clamping unit 1 and a winding clamping unit 2, a high-temperature environment is provided by the high-temperature furnace or the environment box, and the tensile test machine applies a tensile effect to the sheet 3 so as to perform a high-temperature tensile test.
It will be readily appreciated that the tensile testing machine and its attachment means may be a conventional tensile testing machine, and that the manner in which it is attached to the upper and lower tie bars 114, 115 is readily known.
The method for carrying out the high-temperature tensile test of the sheet by adopting the test device comprises the following steps:
s1, mounting, wherein an upper connecting rod 114 on a mechanical clamping upper cover 111 of an upper mechanical clamping part 11 and a reserved thread section on a lower connecting rod 115 on a mechanical clamping lower cover 112 of a lower mechanical clamping part 12 are utilized to connect the upper connecting rod 114 with the upper part of a tensile testing machine, and the lower connecting rod 115 is connected with the lower part of the tensile testing machine, and at the moment, the mechanical clamping upper cover 111 and the mechanical clamping lower cover 112 are buckled oppositely but are not screwed temporarily, so that a sheet is convenient to mount subsequently;
s2, winding and clamping the upper clamping area, namely winding and clamping the sheet 3 on the upper winding and clamping part 21 according to a preset winding mode, and finishing the winding and clamping of the upper clamping area;
s3, mechanically clamping the upper clamping area, embedding an upper winding clamping part 21 for finishing winding and clamping the sheet 3 into a cavity surrounded by the mechanical clamping upper cover 111 and the mechanical clamping lower cover 112, screwing the mechanical clamping upper cover 111 and the mechanical clamping lower cover 112 in bolt holes of the fastening clamping structure 113 by using bolts, and finishing the mechanical clamping of the upper clamping area, so as to finish the clamping work of the upper clamping area;
s4, winding clamping and mechanical clamping of the lower clamping area, and finishing the clamping work of the lower clamping area of the sheet according to the winding clamping and mechanical clamping methods of S2 and S3;
s5, preparing a high-temperature furnace or an environment box and positioning;
s6, stretching, namely adjusting the initial tension of the sheet by using a tensile testing machine to finish the installation of the test piece, closing the high-temperature furnace or the environment box, increasing the temperature in the high-temperature furnace or the environment box to a set temperature, and starting a high-temperature tensile test after the temperature of the internal air is consistent with that of the test piece to be tested.
In the present invention, regarding winding and clamping in the upper clamping area, the inventor verifies according to multiple rounds of experiments that a sheet winding manner of stable winding and clamping is obtained, referring to fig. 11 and 12, a sheet 3 is enclosed into a U shape and sleeved on the outer side of the winding and clamping upper body 211, and the short side is attached to the concave-convex fastening structure 213; then, the winding clamping upper body 211 and the winding clamping lower body 212 are attached, and the short side and the long side of the sheet 3 are wound together along the sequence of the bottom side of the winding clamping lower body 212, the back side of the winding clamping lower body 212 and the top surface of the winding clamping upper body 211, so that the short side cannot extend to the front side of the winding clamping upper body 211 after the top surface of the winding clamping upper body 211 is wound; the gauge length of the long side is just positioned at the junction between the front surface and the top surface of the winding and clamping upper body 211, and the long side is naturally suspended to finish the winding and clamping of the upper clamping area. The double-layer winding mode on the winding clamping part can effectively avoid the problem of local stress concentration generated in the contact process of the outer layer test piece (sheet) and the clamp, and the whole winding clamping stage has good self-locking performance along with the increase of tensile load and the increase of clamping force.
In the initial stage of stretching, the sheet is mainly provided with clamping force by the mechanical clamping unit, and along with the gradual increase of the stretching force, the winding clamping upper body and the winding clamping lower body are mutually close and attached, and the winding clamping unit is used for mainly providing clamping force. And the larger the pulling force is, the tighter the winding is, and the larger the clamping force is, so that the test piece can be firmly and effectively clamped, the test piece can not be loosened and slipped even in a high-temperature softening state, and the smooth performance of a high-temperature tensile test of the sheet is ensured.
Therefore, the clamp assembly for the high-temperature tensile test of the sheet provided by the invention can obtain the composite clamping by winding clamping and mechanical clamping through ingenious modification of the structure, so that the two ends of a test piece (sheet) can be fastened and clamped, the sheet can be ensured not to be loosened or slipped in a high-temperature tensile state, the smooth performance of the high-temperature tensile test is ensured, the accuracy of the test result can be ensured, and the clamp assembly has practical significance for accurately acquiring the performance of the sheet in engineering.
The foregoing description of embodiments of the invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, and is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the embodiments disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the various embodiments described. The terminology used herein was chosen in order to best explain the principles of the embodiments, the practical application, or the technical improvements in the marketplace, or to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.
While several specific implementation details are included in the above discussion, these should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. Certain features that are described in the context of separate embodiments can also be implemented in combination in a single implementation. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single implementation can also be implemented in multiple implementations separately or in any suitable subcombination.
Claims (5)
1. A sheet high temperature tensile test method based on a sheet high temperature tensile test device is characterized in that:
the high-temperature sheet tensile test device comprises a tensile test machine and a connecting component thereof, and a high-temperature furnace or an environment box, and further comprises a high-temperature sheet tensile test clamp assembly, wherein the high-temperature sheet tensile test clamp assembly comprises a mechanical clamping unit and a winding clamping unit, and the high-temperature sheet tensile test clamp assembly comprises a mechanical clamping unit and a winding clamping unit, wherein the mechanical clamping unit comprises a main body, a main body and a main body, wherein the main body comprises a main body, a main body and a main body, and the main body comprises a high-temperature sheet tensile test clamp assembly and a high-temperature furnace:
the mechanical clamping unit comprises an upper mechanical clamping part and a lower mechanical clamping part, the upper mechanical clamping part and the lower mechanical clamping part are formed by oppositely buckling an upper mechanical clamping cover and a lower mechanical clamping cover, fastening clamping structures are correspondingly arranged on the upper mechanical clamping cover and the lower mechanical clamping cover, an upper connecting rod is fixed on the upper mechanical clamping cover of the upper mechanical clamping part, and a lower connecting rod is fixed on the lower mechanical clamping cover of the lower mechanical clamping part;
the winding clamping unit comprises an upper winding clamping part and a lower winding clamping part, the upper winding clamping part and the lower winding clamping part are formed by oppositely buckling an upper winding clamping body and a lower winding clamping body, and concave-convex buckling structures are arranged on the opposite buckling surfaces of the upper winding clamping body and the lower winding clamping body;
the upper mechanical clamping part and the lower mechanical clamping part are of box-type structures, and the inside of the box-type structures are used for accommodating and mechanically clamping the upper winding clamping part and the lower winding clamping part;
the winding clamping upper body and the winding clamping lower body are triangular prism bodies with right triangle sections, and the hypotenuses of the right triangles form opposite buckling surfaces of the winding clamping upper body and the winding clamping lower body;
when the sheet high-temperature tensile test is performed, the upper end of the sheet is wound between the winding clamping upper body and the winding clamping lower body of the upper winding clamping part and is mechanically clamped in the upper mechanical clamping part by the fastening clamping structure, the lower end of the sheet is wound between the winding clamping upper body and the winding clamping lower body of the lower winding clamping part and is mechanically clamped in the lower mechanical clamping part by the fastening clamping structure, and the upper connecting rod and the lower connecting rod are respectively connected with a connecting part of the tensile test machine and provide a high-temperature environment by the high-temperature furnace or the environmental box;
the sheet high temperature tensile test method comprises the following steps:
s1, installing an upper connecting rod on a mechanical clamping upper cover of which the upper part is connected with an upper mechanical clamping part, and connecting a lower connecting rod on a mechanical clamping lower cover of which the lower part is connected with a lower mechanical clamping part, wherein the mechanical clamping upper cover and the mechanical clamping lower cover are buckled oppositely but are not screwed temporarily;
s2, winding and clamping the upper clamping area, namely winding and clamping the sheet on the upper winding and clamping part according to a preset winding mode, and finishing the winding and clamping of the upper clamping area;
s3, mechanically clamping the upper clamping area, embedding an upper winding clamping part for finishing sheet winding clamping into a cavity surrounded by the mechanical clamping upper cover and the mechanical clamping lower cover, and screwing and fixing the mechanical clamping upper cover and the mechanical clamping lower cover to finish mechanical clamping of the upper clamping area;
s4, winding clamping and mechanical clamping of the lower clamping area are completed according to the winding clamping and mechanical clamping methods of S2 and S3;
s5, preparing a high-temperature furnace or an environment box and positioning;
s6, stretching, namely adjusting the initial tension of the sheet by using a stretching tester to finish the installation of the test piece, closing a high-temperature furnace or an environment box, increasing the temperature in the high-temperature furnace or the environment box to a set temperature, and starting a high-temperature stretching test after the temperature of the internal air is consistent with that of the test piece to be tested;
the predetermined winding mode specifically comprises the following steps: surrounding the sheet material into a U shape and sleeving the U shape on the outer side of the winding clamping upper body, and attaching the short side to the concave-convex buckling structure; then laminate the winding centre gripping upper body and the winding centre gripping lower body to twine the minor face and the long limit of sheet together along winding centre gripping lower body bottom side, winding centre gripping lower body back, winding centre gripping upper body top surface's order, and ensure that the minor face can not extend before the winding centre gripping upper body after winding of winding centre gripping upper body top surface, the gauge length of long limit should be located winding centre gripping upper body front and top surface juncture just, and will long limit natural overhang, accomplish the winding centre gripping of last clamping area.
2. The sheet high temperature tensile test method according to claim 1, wherein:
the mechanical clamping upper cover and the mechanical clamping lower cover are respectively provided with a bottom surface and one side surface which are open, the mechanical clamping upper cover and the mechanical clamping lower cover are buckled up and down oppositely to form a box-shaped structure, and the sheet is led out from the side surface which is open.
3. The sheet high temperature tensile test method according to claim 1, wherein:
the fastening clamping structure is a bolt clamping plate, the bolt clamping plate is correspondingly arranged on at least two opposite side surfaces of the mechanical clamping upper cover and the mechanical clamping lower cover, and the mechanical clamping upper cover and the mechanical clamping lower cover are fastened and clamped by bolts after being buckled oppositely.
4. The sheet high temperature tensile test method according to claim 1, wherein:
the concave-convex buckling structure is a corrugated structure formed on opposite buckling surfaces of the winding clamping upper body and the winding clamping lower body, and the corrugated structure is provided with corresponding arc-shaped protrusions and arc-shaped grooves.
5. The sheet high temperature tensile test method according to claim 1, wherein:
the length and the height of the upper winding clamping part and the lower winding clamping part are consistent with the inner clear length and the inner clear height of the box-shaped structure of the upper mechanical clamping part and the lower mechanical clamping part, and the width is slightly larger than the inner clear width of the box-shaped structure of the upper mechanical clamping part and the lower mechanical clamping part.
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| CN202310675879.9A CN116448590B (en) | 2023-06-08 | 2023-06-08 | Clamp assembly, test device and test method for sheet high-temperature tensile test |
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| CN116448590A (en) | 2023-07-18 |
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