CN116442116A - Precise trimming method for small-size surface of superhard abrasive grinding wheel - Google Patents

Precise trimming method for small-size surface of superhard abrasive grinding wheel Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116442116A
CN116442116A CN202310425890.XA CN202310425890A CN116442116A CN 116442116 A CN116442116 A CN 116442116A CN 202310425890 A CN202310425890 A CN 202310425890A CN 116442116 A CN116442116 A CN 116442116A
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China
Prior art keywords
grinding wheel
tool
wheel
interpolation
radius
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CN202310425890.XA
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
冯克明
杜晓旭
王庆伟
王兵
殷珂
赵现超
刘登彪
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Zhengzhou Research Institute for Abrasives and Grinding Co Ltd
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Zhengzhou Research Institute for Abrasives and Grinding Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202310425890.XA priority Critical patent/CN116442116A/en
Publication of CN116442116A publication Critical patent/CN116442116A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B53/00—Devices or means for dressing or conditioning abrasive surfaces
    • B24B53/06—Devices or means for dressing or conditioning abrasive surfaces of profiled abrasive wheels
    • B24B53/062—Devices or means for dressing or conditioning abrasive surfaces of profiled abrasive wheels using rotary dressing tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B53/00—Devices or means for dressing or conditioning abrasive surfaces
    • B24B53/06—Devices or means for dressing or conditioning abrasive surfaces of profiled abrasive wheels
    • B24B53/065—Devices or means for dressing or conditioning abrasive surfaces of profiled abrasive wheels having other than straight profiles, e.g. crowned
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B53/00—Devices or means for dressing or conditioning abrasive surfaces
    • B24B53/06—Devices or means for dressing or conditioning abrasive surfaces of profiled abrasive wheels
    • B24B53/08—Devices or means for dressing or conditioning abrasive surfaces of profiled abrasive wheels controlled by information means, e.g. patterns, templets, punched tapes or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B53/00—Devices or means for dressing or conditioning abrasive surfaces
    • B24B53/12—Dressing tools; Holders therefor
    • B24B53/14—Dressing tools equipped with rotary rollers or cutters; Holders therefor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Grinding-Machine Dressing And Accessory Apparatuses (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for precisely trimming a small-size surface of a superhard abrasive grinding wheel, which adopts a fine-grained common abrasive small grinding wheel (D is less than or equal to 100 mm) as a trimming tool, a tool wheel shaft and a trimmed grinding wheel shaft are in space-crossing vertical layout, the trimmed grinding wheel rotates at a high speed, the tool wheel rotates at a low speed and reciprocates up and down at a high speed to realize trimming operation, arc interpolation is intermittently implemented at the upper end and the lower end of the movement, the radius of the arc interpolation is continuously reduced along with the up-down movement trimming, and finally, the rounding of a gathering point reaches the preset requirement of a small arc of the grinding wheel, so that trimming force can be reduced, trimming precision, trimming quality, trimming efficiency and the like can be improved, and the defects of the conventional trimming technology can be solved.

Description

Precise trimming method for small-size surface of superhard abrasive grinding wheel
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of grinding, and particularly relates to a method for precisely finishing a small-size surface of a superhard abrasive grinding wheel.
Background
The superhard abrasive grinding tool has gained general acceptance in the field of machining by virtue of excellent grinding performance, and is widely used for grinding various difficult-to-machine materials and special-shaped parts. For processing the key parts of micro grooves of large-curvature (small curvature radius) parts such as precise mold cores, punches, slices, chasers, threads, microstructures and the like, the small-diameter D is smaller than 100mm, and the small-size surface (tip width is smaller than 0.3mm, tip bevel angle theta is smaller than 10) is usually utilized 0 Point grinding is carried out by using the superhard abrasive grinding wheel with the radius of the tip arc less than 0.1 mm).
However, such grinding wheels, as shown in fig. 1, have a thin structure, poor transverse rigidity, easy unbalanced loading, rapid abrasion, poor shape precision retention and the like, and thus, the grinding wheels have bottlenecks for trimming and forming. Firstly, the superhard abrasive has the characteristics of high hardness, high wear resistance, large dressing resistance, long dressing time, low efficiency, low precision and the like compared with common abrasive grinding wheel dressing; secondly, the small-size surface is difficult to repair, and the abrasive particles at the tip end are easy to fall off due to the thinness and weak strength of the grinding wheel tip, so that the shapes of the broken mouth, the saw teeth, the burrs and the like are presented.
At present, a great deal of research is carried out on the arc dressing of the superhard abrasive grinding wheel at home and abroad, and certain progress is also made, and the dressing pen interpolation dressing, the forming wheel rolling dressing, the cup-shaped grinding wheel swinging dressing, the ELID electrolytic dressing and the like are mainly carried out. However, the trimming pen trims, and the tool wears quickly; extrusion, rolling and trimming are carried out, so that the acting force is large; the cup-shaped grinding wheel is trimmed, so that the contact area is large; electrolytic dressing, spark dressing, the need to be dressed with the grinding wheel conductivity. The double-arc interpolation counter grinding (such as 201610994908.8) is adopted, so that the trimming resistance is high, and the ball grinding wheel is only suitable for trimming a ball grinding wheel; adopting CG bar to carry out grinding and interpolation correction (as 201410280620.5), the abrasion of the tool wheel is uneven, and the precise correction cannot be carried out; the roller and the grinding wheel are adopted for spiral dressing (such as 201610120685.2) or interpolation dressing (such as 201810930250.3), so that the stress of the grinding wheel is unreasonable, and the grinding wheel is not suitable for dressing a small-size surface grinding wheel; laser trimming (such as 201910604282.9), which has insufficient technology, such as problems of beam characteristics, energy distribution, remelting layer, precision and the like, cannot be used for engineering precise trimming at present; a cup-shaped circular arc grinding wheel efficient precise on-site trimming method and device (such as 202110534615.2) organically combines a three-axis linkage numerical control machine tool and a single rotary shaft grinding wheel trimmer for trimming the cup-shaped circular arc grinding wheel, and controls an X linear shaft and a Z linear shaft of the machine tool to conduct circular arc envelope interpolation through a machine tool numerical control system, so that efficient and high-precision on-site trimming of any wrap angle circular arc of the cup-shaped grinding wheel can be achieved, however, the on-site trimming method and device belong to interpolation trimming, spiral continuous trimming is adopted, a trimming track is spiral, stress is unreasonable, and the on-site trimming method and device are not suitable for trimming small-size surface grinding wheels.
In a word, the prior art generally has the defects of large dressing force, easy deformation, low precision, poor quality, poor appearance, poor practicality and the like, and is not suitable for precisely dressing the small circular arc-shaped surface of the superhard abrasive grinding wheel.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides a method for precisely finishing the small-size shape surface of a super-abrasive grinding wheel, which is beneficial to precisely finishing the small circular arc surface of the super-abrasive grinding wheel.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for precisely finishing a small-size surface of a superhard abrasive grinding wheel comprises the following steps:
1) Selective dressing tool
Selecting a dressing tool according to the characteristics of the dressed grinding wheel;
2) System preset adjustment
The radial runout of the main shaft and the auxiliary shaft of the equipment is not more than 0.005mm;
the trimmed grinding wheel is arranged on a main shaft of the equipment, the tool wheel is arranged on a secondary shaft, and the radial runout of the tool wheel and the secondary shaft after the installation is not more than 0.01mm;
determining a preset arc radius R of a grinding wheel and a current radius R of a tool wheel 1 Length b;
adjusting the lower reciprocating stroke of the tool wheel to ensure that the two ends of the stroke are not contacted with the dressed grinding wheel;
the CCD system is adjusted, so that the contact state of the trimming point can be monitored on line;
adjusting the displacement sensor to ensure that the radius R of the tool wheel can be monitored on line 1 Wear conditions;
3) Tool setting and positioning
Under the conditions of double-wheel rotation and CCD monitoring, finishing double-wheel four-point tool setting on the two sides of the trimmed grinding wheel; then, calculating the positions of a theoretical intersection point A and a tangential point B, C on the two sides of the grinding wheel and a preset arc center O of the grinding wheel through four-point positions;
4) Dressing scheme
(1) After the circular arc center O of the grinding wheel is determined, the O point is taken as a circular arc base point in an XY plane, so that the tool wheel is retreated by the distance d between the two abrasive particle sizes of the trimmed grinding wheels, namely, the tool wheel is retreated by 2d;
(2) Setting parameters:
comprises a grinding wheel rotating speed, a tool wheel rotating speed, an up-and-down reciprocating speed and an interpolation circular arc radius R 2 Interpolation speed, circumferential interpolation amount c, radial feed amount a;
(3) The dressing process adopts the high-speed rotation of the dressed grinding wheel, the low-speed rotation of the tool wheel and the up-and-down movement dressing;
intermittent interpolation of XY two-axis idle circular arcs is carried out at the two ends of the Z-axis stroke by taking an O point as a base point, and single interpolation quantity c is carried out to complete interpolation track arcs
The interpolation radius R is gradually reduced along with the continuous reciprocation and interpolation of the tool wheel 2 Until reaching the preset arc radius R and arc length of the grinding wheel
5) Trimming
Starting a dressing system, and dressing the grinding wheel according to the 4) dressing scheme;
6) Detection of
According to the current grinding wheel arc interpolation radius R 2 Actually measured tool wheel lower radius R 1 The current actual circle of the dressed grinding wheel is convertedArc radius r=r 2 -R 1 If R reaches the tolerance range of the preset value R of the grinding wheel, stopping finishing work;
if the current R cannot reach the preset R tolerance of the grinding wheel arc, performing the step 7);
7) Reconditioning
Repeating the steps 4) to 6), and continuing trimming until the arc radius R of the grinding wheel reaches the tolerance range of the preset value R.
In the step 1), the tool wheel adopts a parallel grinding wheel with the diameter D less than or equal to 100mm, the granularity F230-F2000, the hardness A-N and the grinding wheel length of 10-30 mm.
In step 4), each interpolation takes the O point as the base point, and the interpolation radius R is gradually reduced 2 ；
Initial interpolation radius R 2 ＝R 1 +R+2d，
Second interpolation radius R 2 ＝R 1 +R+2d-a；
…；
With continuous interpolation feeding, the radial feeding of the grinding wheel arc is accumulated for 2d distance, and finally the radius R is interpolated 2 ＝R 1 +R, theoretically reaching the preset R requirement of the grinding wheel.
The radial feeding amount a and the single interpolation amount c are set according to the characteristics of the dressed grinding wheel and R requirements. Step 4), tool wheel reciprocation and interpolation can adopt one-way interpolation or two-way interpolation.
In the step 3), the tool is set from the middle part of the dressed grinding wheel.
The tool wheel is a low-hardness grinding wheel.
The tool wheel grit is no greater than the dressed grinding wheel grit.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) The invention discloses a method for precisely finishing a small-size surface of a superhard abrasive grinding wheel, which adopts a fine-grain common abrasive small grinding wheel, namely D is less than or equal to 100mm, as a finishing tool, a tool wheel shaft and a finished grinding wheel shaft are in space-crossing vertical layout, the finished grinding wheel rotates at a high speed, the tool wheel rotates at a low speed and reciprocates up and down at a high speed to realize finishing operation, arc interpolation is intermittently implemented at the upper end and the lower end of the movement, the radius of the arc interpolation is continuously reduced along with the up-down movement of the finishing, and finally, a gathering point rounding reaches the preset requirement of a small arc of the grinding wheel, so that the finishing force can be reduced, the finishing precision, the finishing quality, the finishing efficiency and the like can be improved, and the defects of the existing finishing technology can be solved.
(2) The tool wheel reciprocates up and down to trim the grinding wheel, and the circular arc interpolation movement is only position adjustment without trimming operation; that is, the dressing is not interpolated, the interpolation is not finished, the technology of the discontinuous axial movement circular arc interpolation period dressing is carried out, the interpolation radius is gradually reduced along with the reciprocating movement and intermittent interpolation, and finally the preset circular arc of the grinding wheel is achieved.
(3) Selecting a dressing tool, seeking to reduce dressing force; the tool wheel shaft and the trimmed grinding wheel shaft are arranged vertically in a space crossing way, so that the contact area can be reduced; four-point tool setting can realize accurate positioning.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of a dressed grinding wheel;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the trimming principle of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the tool setting and positioning of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of the initial interpolation of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Further advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present invention, which is described by the following specific examples.
Please refer to fig. 1. It should be understood that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc. shown in the drawings are for illustration purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the invention to the extent that it can be practiced, since modifications, changes in the proportions, or otherwise, used in the practice of the invention, are not intended to be critical to the essential characteristics of the invention, but are otherwise, required to achieve the objective and effect taught by the invention. Also, the terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "middle," and "a" and the like recited in the present specification are merely for descriptive purposes and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, but are intended to provide relative positional changes or modifications without materially altering the technical context in which the invention may be practiced.
The invention provides a method for precisely finishing a small-size surface of a superhard abrasive grinding wheel, which is shown in figures 1 to 4.
The dressed grinding wheel is shown in figure 1 and the invention is schematically shown in figure 2. The trimming system mainly comprises an XYZ three-phase numerical control shaft, a Z shaft is arranged in a reciprocating mode at high speed, a CCD monitoring screen is arranged above the contact point of the grinding wheel and the tool wheel, a laser displacement sensor is arranged on the outer side of the radial direction of the tool wheel, and the five actuating mechanisms are uniformly controlled by a computer. Wherein the high speed rotation of the dressed grinding wheel provides the primary motion for dressing; the tool wheel rotates at a low speed, so that the circumference of the tool wheel participates in finishing; simultaneously, the tool wheel moves up and down along the Z axis in a reciprocating way, so that the tool wheel participates in finishing in the full axial direction; XY two-axis linkage circular interpolation is realized, and non-contact position adjustment is realized; the CCD is fixedly connected with the grinding carriage, so that the two-wheel contact state of the correction point is conveniently monitored in an on-line focusing manner; and the laser displacement sensor is used for monitoring the current radius of the tool wheel on line.
In order to realize the technical scheme, the following specific trimming steps are provided:
1) Selective dressing tool
Selecting a dressing tool according to the characteristics of the dressed grinding wheel; in order to obtain the ideal circular arc radius R of the grinding wheel, the tool wheel is a parallel grinding wheel with small diameter (D is less than or equal to 30 mm), common abrasive (silicon carbide and corundum), granularity (F230-F2000), hardness A-N and grinding wheel length (width) of 10-30 mm.
2) System preset adjustment
The radial runout of the main shaft and the auxiliary shaft of the equipment is not more than 0.005mm; the main shaft is used for installing a trimmed grinding wheel and a countershaft installation tool wheel, and after installation, the radial runout of the main shaft and the countershaft installation tool wheel is ensured to be not more than 0.01mm; determining a preset arc radius R of a grinding wheel and a current radius R of a tool wheel 1 Length b; adjusting the lower reciprocating stroke of the tool wheel to ensure that the two ends of the stroke are not contacted with the dressed grinding wheel; the CCD system is adjusted, so that the contact state of the trimming point can be monitored on line; adjusting the displacement sensor to ensure that the radius R of the tool wheel can be monitored on line 1 Wear conditionThe condition is as follows.
3) Tool setting and positioning
As shown in fig. 3, in the state of double-wheel rotation and CCD monitoring, double-wheel four-point tool setting is completed on the two sides of the trimmed grinding wheel according to visual inspection and audio; and calculating the positions of the theoretical intersection point A and the tangential point B, C of the two sides of the grinding wheel and the preset arc center O of the grinding wheel through the four-point positions. In setting, it is necessary to set the tool from the middle of the dressed grinding wheel, and the tool cannot be set from the tip of the grinding wheel.
4) Dressing scheme
(1) After the circular arc center O of the grinding wheel is determined, the O point is taken as a circular arc base point in the XY plane, the tool wheel is retracted by about the distance d between the abrasive particle sizes of the two trimmed grinding wheels, so that the interference of burrs and the like is avoided;
(2) Setting parameters: comprises a grinding wheel rotating speed, a tool wheel rotating speed, an up-and-down reciprocating speed and an interpolation circular arc radius R 2 Interpolation speed, circumferential interpolation amount c, radial feed amount a;
(3) The dressing process adopts a mode that the dressed grinding wheel rotates at a high speed, the tool wheel rotates at a low speed and moves up and down;
intermittent interpolation of XY two-axis idle circular arcs is carried out at the two ends of the Z-axis stroke by taking an O point as a base point, and single interpolation quantity c is carried out to complete interpolation track arcs
With the continuous reciprocation and interpolation of the tool wheel, the interpolation radius R is gradually smaller 2 Until reaching the preset arc radius R and arc length of the grinding wheel
In each interpolation, the interpolation radius R is gradually reduced by taking the O point as the base point 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Initial interpolation radius R 2 ＝R 1 +R+2d, second interpolation radius R 2 ＝R 1 +R+2d-a；…；
With continuous interpolation feeding, the radial feeding of the grinding wheel arc is accumulated for 2d distance, and finally the radius R is interpolated 2 ＝R 1 +R, theoretically reaching the preset R requirement of the grinding wheel.
5) Trimming
Starting the dressing system, and dressing the grinding wheel according to the 4) dressing scheme.
6) Detection of
In order to ensure the product quality, after the above work is completed, the system is retracted, and the micrometer is used for detecting the radius R of the tool wheel 1 Verifying; according to the current grinding wheel arc interpolation radius R 2 Actually measured tool wheel lower radius R 1 The current actual arc radius r=r of the dressed grinding wheel is converted 2 -R 1 And stopping the trimming work if R reaches the tolerance range of the preset value R of the grinding wheel.
For small-size, fine-granularity and small-arc grinding wheel surface trimming, the consumption of a general tool wheel is small, and the preset requirement can be met through the trimming steps.
7) Reconditioning
If the current R cannot reach the preset R tolerance of the circular arc of the grinding wheel, the tool wheel is proved to be greatly consumed, and the radius R of the current tool wheel is used 1 Redesigning R 2 Repeating the steps 4) to 6), and continuing trimming until the circular arc radius R of the grinding wheel reaches the tolerance range of the preset value R.
What needs to be specifically stated is: before the arc of the grinding wheel is trimmed, the grinding wheel is trimmed on both sides, and the invention only refers to trimming of the arc-shaped surface of the tip of the grinding wheel.
The dressed grinding wheel rotates at a high speed, and the tool wheel rotates at a low speed and moves back and forth, so that the purpose of dressing the grinding wheel is that; the arc interpolation movement is the trimming intermittent operation at the two ends of the reciprocating stroke, and is the non-contact arc interpolation without trimming; that is, the reciprocating interpolation and the differential interpolation are sequentially performed, the intermittent interpolation and the discontinuous period trimming, and the trimming is not performed, i.e., the interpolation is not performed simultaneously. The arc interpolation movement is an intermittent operation of trimming at both ends of the reciprocating stroke, and no trimming is involved.
The reciprocating interpolation can adopt one-way interpolation or two-way interpolation, and is generally determined according to the dressing difficulty of the dressed grinding wheel and the rigidity of the equipment system.
The tool wheel reciprocates, so that two ends of the up-and-down reciprocating stroke of the tool wheel are required to be ensured to leave the dressed grinding wheel, double-wheel interference is avoided, and the axial full-outer circular surface of the tool wheel participates in dressing; meanwhile, the granularity of the tool wheel is not larger than that of the trimmed grinding wheel, and the finer granularity is beneficial to improving trimming precision; the softer the hardness of the tool wheel is, the more favorable the small arc trimming is achieved, and the grinding wheel trimming precision is improved; the tool wheel is a ceramic bond or resin bond, and a silicon carbide or alumina medium-low hardness grinding wheel, so that the trimming resistance is reduced.
The radial feeding amount a is set according to the characteristics of the finished grinding wheel and R requirement, and generally a can be larger and smaller; when the radius R of the circular arc is smaller, a smaller feed amount is needed, so that the trimming resistance is reduced, and the trimming precision is improved. The single interpolation quantity c is set according to the characteristics of the finished grinding wheel and R requirement, and generally c can be larger and smaller; when the radius R of the circular arc is smaller, a smaller interpolation amount is needed, so that the trimming resistance is reduced, and the trimming precision is improved.
More specifically:
1) Selective dressing tool
The repaired grinding wheel is a single-bevel metal bond diamond grinding wheel, the diameter D is 80mm, the granularity is 325/400 (the particle diameter D is about 0.04 mm), the radius R of the preset circular arc is 0.05mm, double-sided trimming processing is finished before the repairing, and only the circular arc at the tip of the grinding wheel remains to be repaired. In order to obtain an ideal grinding wheel arc R, the diameter D15X 20mm of the tool wheel is selected, and the parallel grinding wheels of resin bond and silicon carbide are adopted, wherein the granularity F400 and the hardness H are adopted.
2) System preset adjustment
The radial runout of the main shaft and the auxiliary shaft of the equipment is not more than 0.005mm; the main shaft is used for installing a trimmed grinding wheel and a countershaft installation tool wheel, and after installation, the radial runout of the main shaft and the countershaft installation tool wheel is ensured to be not more than 0.01mm; determining the preset arc radius R0.05 of the grinding wheel +0.005 mm, measuring the tool wheel lower radius R 1 7.488mm and length b20mm; adjusting the reciprocating stroke of the lower tool wheel by 30mm to ensure that the two stroke ends of the lower tool wheel are not contacted with the dressed grinding wheel; the CCD system is adjusted, so that the contact state of the trimming point can be monitored on line; adjusting the laser displacement sensor to ensure that the radius R of the tool wheel can be monitored on line 1 Wear conditions.
3) Tool setting and positioning
As shown in fig. 3, under the monitoring of a double-wheel rotation and a CCD screen, double-wheel four-point tool setting is completed on the two sides of the trimmed grinding wheel according to AE and visual inspection; and calculating the positions of the theoretical intersection point A and the tangential point B, C of the two sides of the grinding wheel and the preset arc center O of the grinding wheel through the four-point positions.
In the tool setting process, the tool must be set from the middle of the grinding wheel, and the tool cannot be set from the tip of the grinding wheel.
4) Dressing scheme
(1) After the circular arc center O of the grinding wheel is determined, the O point is taken as a circular arc base point in the XY plane, backing the tool wheel by about 2 dressed wheel abrasive particle sizes d, i.e., 2 x 0.04 = 0.08mm, as in fig. 4, safe and burr interference avoided;
(2) Setting parameters: the rotation speed of the grinding wheel is 6000rpm, the rotation speed of the tool wheel is 100rpm, the up-down reciprocating speed is 200mm/min, the preset arc radius R is 0.05mm, the interpolation speed is 100mm/min, the circumferential interpolation amount c is 0.002mm, and the radial feeding amount a is 0.001-0.01 mm;
(3) The dressing process adopts a mode that the dressed grinding wheel rotates at a high speed, the tool wheel rotates at a low speed and moves up and down; intermittent interpolation of XY two-axis circular arcs is carried out at the two ends of the Z-axis stroke by taking the O point as a base point, and single interpolation quantity c is carried out to complete interpolation track arcsWith the continuous reciprocation and interpolation of the tool wheel, the interpolation radius R is gradually smaller 2 Until reaching the preset arc radius R and arc length +.>
The specific trimming process is that the O point is used as the arc base point, the tool wheel reciprocates up and down, the interpolation radius R is continuously reduced 2 . (1) The dressed grinding wheel rotates at high speed (6000 rpm), the tool wheel rotates at low speed (100 rpm) and moves at high speed along the Z axis (200 mm/min) to one end; (2) initial interpolation radius R 2 ＝R 1 +r+2d=7.488+0.05+0.08= 7.618mm, interpolation c0.002mm, first round of arc interpolation, reciprocation, until the arc is completed(3) The tool wheel moves to the other end along the Z axis and is provided with an interpolation radius R 2 (reducing a by 0.01) mm, wherein the interpolation amount c is 0.002mm, starting second round interpolation and reciprocation, gradually reducing the interpolation radius according to the second round interpolation and reciprocation, and finishing 4 rounds of interpolation and reciprocation and full-arc rough machining; (4) setting radial feed a0.005mm, R 2 The interpolation quantity c0.002mm is reduced by 0.005mm, 4 rounds of interpolation and reciprocation are completed, and the full arc middle processing is completed; (5) resetting a0.002mm, R 2 The interpolation amount c is 0.002mm, 5 rounds of interpolation and reciprocation are completed, and full-arc finish machining is performed; (6) resetting a0.001 mm, R 2 The interpolation amount c is 0.002mm, and 10 rounds of interpolation, reciprocation and full-arc fine machining are completed. Finally, by four trimming stages of coarse, medium, fine and fine, radial feeding of 0.01x4+0.005 x4+0.002 x5+0.001 x10=0.08 mm is realized cumulatively, and the grinding wheel interpolation radius R 2 Reaching the preset R 1 +r=7.488+0.05= 7.538mm, circular arc +.>
5) Trimming
Starting the dressing system, and dressing the grinding wheel according to the dressing scheme until the work is completed.
6) Detection of
To ensure quality, the system is retracted after the above work is completed, and verified with a micrometer. According to the current arc interpolation radius R 2 = 7.538mm, the actual measured tool wheel lower radius R 1 =7.486 mm, and the current actual arc radius r=r of the grinding wheel is converted 2 -R 1 = 7.538-7.486=0.052 mm to a preset tolerance R0.05 +0.005 mm, the trimming operation is stopped.
The small-size, fine-granularity and small-arc-shaped surface is trimmed, so that the allowance to be machined is very small, the tool wheel is almost free from consumption, and the tolerance range of the preset value R of the arc is reached through one-time machining.
The terms "first," "second," and the like are used in this patent to define a procedural language, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art: the use of "first" and "second" is for convenience only as well as to simplify the description of the present invention, and the words described above are not meant to be limiting.
No endpoints of ranges and any values disclosed herein are limited to the precise range or value, and such range or value should be understood to encompass values close to such range or value. For numerical ranges, one or more new numerical ranges may be found between the endpoints of each range, between the endpoint of each range and the individual point value, and between the individual point value, in combination with each other, and should be considered as specifically disclosed herein.
The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, principal features and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that the above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which are all within the scope of the claimed invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "front", "rear", "left", "right", "center", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of description and simplification of the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or element to be referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the protection of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. The method for precisely finishing the small-size surface of the superhard abrasive grinding wheel is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) Selective dressing tool
Selecting a dressing tool according to the characteristics of the dressed grinding wheel;
2) System preset adjustment
The radial runout of the main shaft and the auxiliary shaft of the equipment is not more than 0.005mm;
the trimmed grinding wheel is arranged on a main shaft of the equipment, the tool wheel is arranged on a secondary shaft, and the radial runout of the tool wheel and the secondary shaft after the installation is not more than 0.01mm;
determining a preset arc radius R of a grinding wheel and a current radius R of a tool wheel 1 Length b;
adjusting the lower reciprocating stroke of the tool wheel to ensure that the two ends of the stroke are not contacted with the dressed grinding wheel;
the CCD system is adjusted, so that the contact state of the trimming point can be monitored on line;
adjusting the displacement sensor to ensure that the radius R of the tool wheel can be monitored on line 1 Wear conditions;
3) Tool setting and positioning
Under the conditions of double-wheel rotation and CCD monitoring, finishing double-wheel four-point tool setting on the two sides of the trimmed grinding wheel; then, calculating the positions of a theoretical intersection point A and a tangential point B, C on the two sides of the grinding wheel and a preset arc center O of the grinding wheel through four-point positions;
4) Dressing scheme
(1) After the circular arc center O of the grinding wheel is determined, the O point is taken as a circular arc base point in an XY plane, so that the tool wheel is retreated by the distance d between the two abrasive particle sizes of the trimmed grinding wheels, namely, the tool wheel is retreated by 2d;
(2) Setting parameters:
comprises a grinding wheel rotating speed, a tool wheel rotating speed, an up-and-down reciprocating speed and an interpolation circular arc radius R 2 Interpolation speed, circumferential interpolation amount c, radial feed amount a;
(3) The dressing process adopts the high-speed rotation of the dressed grinding wheel, the low-speed rotation of the tool wheel and the up-and-down movement dressing;
intermittent interpolation of XY two-axis idle circular arcs is carried out at the two ends of the Z-axis stroke by taking an O point as a base point, and single interpolation quantity c is carried out to complete interpolation track arcs
The interpolation radius R is gradually reduced along with the continuous reciprocation and interpolation of the tool wheel 2 Until reaching the preset arc radius R and arc length of the grinding wheel
5) Trimming
Starting a dressing system, and dressing the grinding wheel according to the 4) dressing scheme;
6) Detection of
According to the current grinding wheel arc interpolation radius R 2 Actually measured tool wheel lower radius R 1 The current actual arc radius r=r of the dressed grinding wheel is converted 2 -R 1 If R reaches the tolerance range of the preset value R of the grinding wheel, stopping finishing work;
if the current R cannot reach the preset R tolerance of the grinding wheel arc, performing the step 7);
7) Reconditioning
Repeating the steps 4) to 6), and continuing trimming until the arc radius R of the grinding wheel reaches the tolerance range of the preset value R.
2. The method for precisely finishing the small-size surface of the superhard abrasive grinding wheel according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 1), the tool wheel adopts a parallel grinding wheel with the diameter D less than or equal to 100mm, the granularity F230-F2000, the hardness A-N and the grinding wheel length of 10-30 mm.
3. The method for precisely finishing the small-size surface of the superhard abrasive grinding wheel according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step 4), each interpolation takes the O point as the base point, and the interpolation radius R is gradually reduced 2 ；
Initial interpolation radius R 2 ＝R 1 +R+2d，
Second interpolation radius R 2 ＝R 1 +R+2d-a；
…；
With continuous interpolation feeding, the radial feeding of the grinding wheel arc is accumulated for 2d distance, and finally the radius R is interpolated 2 ＝R 1 +R, theoretically reaching the preset R requirement of the grinding wheel.
4. The method for precisely finishing the small-size surface of the superhard abrasive grinding wheel according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the radial feeding amount a and the single interpolation amount c are set according to the characteristics of the dressed grinding wheel and R requirements.
5. The method for precisely finishing the small-size surface of the superhard abrasive grinding wheel according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: step 4), tool wheel reciprocation and interpolation can adopt one-way interpolation or two-way interpolation.
6. The method for precisely finishing the small-size surface of the superhard abrasive grinding wheel according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 3), the tool is set from the middle part of the dressed grinding wheel.
7. The method for precisely finishing the small-size surface of the superhard abrasive grinding wheel according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the tool wheel is a low-hardness grinding wheel.
8. The method for precisely finishing the small-size surface of the superhard abrasive grinding wheel according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the tool wheel grit is no greater than the dressed grinding wheel grit.
CN202310425890.XA 2023-04-19 2023-04-19 Precise trimming method for small-size surface of superhard abrasive grinding wheel Pending CN116442116A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117207070A (en) * 2023-09-01 2023-12-12 四川普什宁江机床有限公司 Automatic grinding wheel dressing method based on numerical control machine tool

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117207070A (en) * 2023-09-01 2023-12-12 四川普什宁江机床有限公司 Automatic grinding wheel dressing method based on numerical control machine tool
CN117207070B (en) * 2023-09-01 2024-04-23 四川普什宁江机床有限公司 Automatic grinding wheel dressing method based on numerical control machine tool

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