CN116379891A - A detection method for coaxiality and end-face parallelism of large-aperture serial holes - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of coaxiality and parallelism detection, and particularly discloses a method for detecting coaxiality and end surface parallelism of a large-aperture serial hole, which is used for detecting coaxiality and parallelism by adopting a detection tool, wherein the detection tool comprises a support seat, two positioning columns and at least two support columns are arranged at the bottom of the support seat, the height of each positioning column is higher than that of each support column, a mounting frame is mounted on the support seat, and a dial indicator is mounted on the mounting frame; when the coaxiality and parallelism of the serial holes and the end holes are detected, two positioning columns of the supporting seat are abutted against the hole wall of the end holes, the supporting columns are placed on the upper end face of the end holes, the probes of the dial indicators are attached to the hole wall or the end face of the serial holes, then the positioning columns of the supporting seat are enabled to rotate along the end holes while being tightly fastened on the inner wall of the end holes of the workpiece, and the maximum value of each circle of dial indicator jumping is recorded. The scheme is used for solving the problems that the detection difficulty is high and the detection cost cannot be considered when coaxiality of the workpiece with the large aperture and the serial hole in the middle is detected at present.

Description

A detection method for coaxiality and end-face parallelism of large-aperture serial holes

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of coaxiality and parallelism detection, in particular to a method for detecting the coaxiality and end surface parallelism of large-aperture serial holes.

Background technique

At present, when the workpiece is small or the aperture of the measured workpiece is small, the coaxiality detection and parallelism detection of the workpiece adopts the method of installing the measured workpiece on a rotatable object, and rotating the workpiece after ensuring the center of the workpiece and the center of rotation. , during the rotation process, the reading of the dial indicator in contact with the workpiece jumps, and the coaxiality is obtained according to the jump value, but this conventional method has the problems of difficult rotation and inaccurate detection for the detection of large apertures and serial holes in the middle . For example, for box-type workpieces with string holes, the structural cross-sectional view of this type of workpiece is shown in Figure 1, including the end holes on the upper and lower end surfaces of the workpiece and the string holes inside the workpiece. The minimum diameter of the workpiece is about 450 mm in diameter, and the diameter of the workpiece is large. The large wall thickness makes the workpiece bulky and heavy, which makes it difficult to rotate the workpiece, and it is difficult to align the center of the workpiece and there is a problem of inaccurate measurement of coaxiality.

For this kind of workpiece, "three-coordinate" detection can be used. "Three-coordinate" detection is a precise measurement method for inspecting workpieces, and is widely used in modern industries such as machinery manufacturing and automobile industry. Its advantages are accurate results, wide application range, and can detect almost all shape and position tolerances. But the disadvantage is that the investment is huge, the operators require professional training, the use environment is strict, the necessary supporting facilities must be guaranteed, and the maintenance cost is high.

Contents of the invention

The present invention intends to provide a method for detecting the coaxiality and end parallelism of large-diameter serial holes, so as to solve the problem that the current coaxiality detection of workpieces with large apertures and serial holes in the middle is difficult to detect and the detection cost cannot be taken into account. .

To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

A method for detecting the coaxiality and parallelism of large-diameter serial holes requires the use of inspection tools for the detection of coaxiality and parallelism. The inspection tool includes a support seat, and the bottom of the support seat is provided with two positioning columns and at least two supports. The height of the positioning column is higher than that of the supporting column, and a mounting bracket is installed on the supporting base, and a dial indicator is installed on the end of the mounting bracket away from the supporting base;

When testing the coaxiality and parallelism of the string hole and the end hole, the two positioning columns of the support seat are pressed against the hole wall of the end hole, the support column is placed on the upper end surface of the end hole, and the dial indicator The probe is attached to the hole wall or end surface of the serial hole, and then drives the support seat to move, so that the positioning column of the support seat is fastened to the inner wall of the workpiece end hole and rotates along the end hole for more than one circle at the same time, record the dial indicator for each circle the maximum jumping value.

The principle and advantages of this scheme are: in actual application, when it is necessary to perform coaxiality detection on a workpiece with serial holes, let the two positioning columns of the support seat be closely attached to the hole wall of the workpiece end hole at the same time, so that the hundred The probe of the sub-meter is attached to the hole wall of the serial hole, and the inspector pulls the support seat to move by hand, so that the positioning column of the support seat is tightly fastened to the inner wall of the workpiece end hole and rotates along the end hole. The number of rotations can be 2 circles , 3 circles, take the maximum value of the beating of the dial indicator in each circle, and then calculate the average value, which is the measured coaxiality of the end hole and the string hole. Then change the working position of the dial gauge probe so that the dial gauge probe acts on the end face of the string hole. Similarly, the inspector drives the positioning column of the support seat to rotate more than one circle against the inner wall of the end hole, and records the dial gauge’s position for each circle. The maximum run-out value, and then take the average value of the maximum run-out values of all circles, which is the parallelism between the end face of the end hole and the end face of the string hole.

Compared with the existing technology, this scheme does not need to use three-coordinate detection, which reduces the cost of testing equipment and maintenance costs of testing equipment. The center alignment of the workpiece does not need to rotate the large-sized workpiece. It only needs the inspector to hold the support seat, drive the support seat to stick to the end hole wall and rotate around the center of the end hole to realize the simultaneous alignment of the end hole and the serial hole. Axiality and parallelism test, the test method is simple, the test cost is low, and the accuracy of the test is greatly guaranteed because there is no problem that the center of the workpiece cannot be aligned.

Preferably, as an improvement, before the detection of the coaxiality and parallelism, the dimensional tolerance and shape and position tolerance of the serial holes of the workpiece are detected to ensure the dimensional tolerances of the serial hole walls and the upper and lower end surfaces of the serial holes and The shape and position tolerances are all qualified.

Preferably, as an improvement, after the detection of the coaxiality and parallelism between the upper end hole and the serial holes of the workpiece is completed, the workpiece is turned 180°, so that the end hole originally located at the bottom of the workpiece becomes the end hole at the top of the workpiece, and then The same method is used to detect the coaxiality and parallelism of the upper end hole and the serial hole of the workpiece after the transfer is completed.

Beneficial effects: when adopting this scheme to detect the coaxiality and parallelism of box workpieces with upper and lower end holes and serial holes in the middle, the serial holes are used as the benchmark. In order to ensure the accuracy of the detection, the serial holes need to be detected in advance , to ensure that the dimensional tolerances and shape and position tolerances of the hole wall of the string hole, the upper and lower end surfaces of the string hole are all within the design range, that is, after the string hole is in a qualified state, the coaxiality detection and inspection of the end hole and the string hole Parallelism detection.

In addition, this scheme is based on the serial hole in the middle, which not only ensures that the installation frame used in the detection process does not need to be set very long, but also reduces the length of the cantilever section of the installation frame and reduces the probability of instability of the dial indicator at the end of the cantilever , to ensure the reliability of the detection, and at the same time, under the large aperture and relatively shallow measurement depth, it is also convenient for the detection personnel to directly read the data on the dial indicator.

Preferably, as an improvement, the installation frame includes connecting rod one, connecting rod two and a clamping assembly. Realize the connection between connecting rod 2 and connecting rod 1, and another clamping assembly is used for connecting connecting rod 2 and dial indicator. The clamping assembly can make the overall length formed by connecting rod 2 and connecting rod 1 adjustable. The clamping assembly It will be able to make the dial indicator rotate and move relative to the second connecting rod.

Beneficial effects: through the specific structural design of the mounting frame, the overall lengths of the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod can be adjusted, thereby adapting to the detection of coaxiality and parallelism of workpieces with different depths. The dial indicator can rotate and move relative to the second connecting rod, so that the dial indicator can test more workpieces with different apertures, which improves the adaptability of the detection method of the scheme.

Preferably, as an improvement, the clamping assembly includes a receiving seat, a locking piece, a U-shaped splint and a sleeve, the receiving seat is provided with a stud, and the locking piece is threaded on the stud; the receiving seat is far away from the screw A section of the column is provided with a through hole vertical to the axial direction of the stud; the two clips of the U-shaped splint slide between the through hole and the stud, and a clamping opening is formed between the two clips of the U-shaped splint. The holding mouth is located outside the receiving seat; the sleeve is sleeved on the section of the receiving seat with a through hole. The sleeve is provided with a strip hole facing the through hole. The sleeve can move axially along the receiving seat. The two connected parts One is placed on the clamping port and one is placed on the through hole.

Beneficial effect: the clamping assembly of this scheme is adopted, so that when the locking piece is tightened in this scheme, the locking piece presses against one of the clips of the U-shaped splint, so that the clamping mouth clamps the part, and at the same time, the receiving seat drives The parts in the through hole are close to the locking part, while the sleeve is pushed away from the locking part by the U-shaped splint, so that the parts in the through hole are pressed against each other, that is, only one locking part is needed for the screwing and locking action , so that the two connected parts can be clamped, and when not locked, one of the two parts can be rotated and lifted relative to the clamping port, and the other can be rotated and lifted relative to the through hole, so that the two parts are The angle adjustment between the connected parts is convenient.

Preferably, as an improvement, the outer surface of the receiving seat is a cylindrical surface. In this solution, the outer surface of the receiving seat is set as a cylindrical surface, so that the U-shaped splint can rotate around the receiving seat before being pressed by the locking member and the sleeve, which further increases the degree of freedom of one of the parts before locking. The relative position adjustment range between the two connected parts is increased, which facilitates the arrangement of the dial indicator in different directions on the same mounting frame, and satisfies the coaxiality and parallelism of the measured workpieces with different depths and different apertures. Accurate testing requirements, improve the practicability of the checking tool method.

Preferably, as an improvement, the number of the support columns is three, and the connecting lines of the three support columns form a triangle.

Preferably, as an improvement, among the three support columns, one of the support columns is equidistant from the two positioning columns, and the remaining two support columns are arranged symmetrically with respect to the support columns.

Preferably, as an improvement, a quenching layer is provided on the surface of the positioning post to improve the hardness and wear resistance of the positioning post.

Preferably, as an improvement, a handle is installed on the end surface of the support base away from the positioning column and the support column, so that the support base can be rotated around the end hole more conveniently.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a front sectional view of a box-like workpiece targeted by the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic front view of the first embodiment of the present invention when the coaxiality detection of the workpiece is performed.

Fig. 3 is a schematic front view of the first embodiment of the present invention when the parallelism of the workpiece is detected.

Fig. 4 is a bottom view of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the inspection tool according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of FIG. 5 at another viewing angle.

Fig. 7 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the clamping assembly in the second embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is an exploded view of the clamping assembly in Fig. 7 .

Detailed ways

The following is further described in detail through specific implementation methods:

The reference signs in the drawings of the description include: support base 10, positioning column 11, support column 12, handle 13, mounting frame 20, dial indicator 30, connecting rod one 1, connecting rod two 2, clamping assembly 3, containing Seat 31 , locking member 32 , U-shaped splint 33 , sleeve 34 , strip hole 341 , stud 311 , through hole 312 , clamping opening 331 , string hole 100 .

Embodiment one

As shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 4, a method for detecting the coaxiality and parallelism of the large-diameter serial holes requires the use of inspection tools to detect the coaxiality and parallelism. The inspection tool includes a support seat 10, and the bottom of the support seat 10 is Two positioning columns 11 and at least two supporting columns 12 are fixed, the height of the positioning columns 11 is higher than the supporting columns 12, a mounting frame 20 is installed on the supporting base 10, and a dial gauge is installed on the end of the mounting frame 20 away from the supporting base 10 30 , the two positioning columns 11 are distributed symmetrically with respect to the installation frame 20 . Specifically, the number of supporting columns 12 is three, and the connecting line of the three supporting columns 12 forms a triangle. Among the three support columns 12 , one of the support columns 12 is equidistant from the two positioning columns 11 , and the remaining two support columns 12 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the support column 12 . The surface of the positioning post 11 is provided with a quenching layer to improve the hardness and wear resistance of the positioning post 11 . A handle 13 is installed on the end surface of the supporting base 10 away from the positioning column 11 and the supporting column 12 .

A method for detecting the coaxiality and end-face parallelism of 100 large-aperture serial holes, specifically as follows:

Step 1: firstly inspect the dimensional tolerance and shape tolerance of the string hole 100, and then proceed to step 2 and step 3 after passing the inspection.

Step 2: Check the coaxiality of the upper hole and the string hole 100: let the two positioning columns 11 of the support seat 10 stick to the hole wall of the upper hole of the workpiece at the same time, place the supporting column 12 on the end surface of the upper hole, and adjust The position of the sub-meter 30 relative to the installation frame 20 makes the probe of the dial indicator 30 stick to the hole wall of the string hole 100, and the inspector pulls the handle 13 of the support base 10 by hand, so that the positioning column 11 of the support base 10 is fastened to the workpiece The inner wall of the end hole rotates along the upper end hole at the same time. The number of rotations can be 2 or 3 or even more. Take the maximum value of the 30 jump of the dial indicator of each circle, and then take the average value of the maximum jump value of all circles, that is It is the measured coaxiality of the upper end hole and the string hole 100.

Step 3. Detection of the parallelism between the upper hole and the string hole 100: make the two positioning columns 11 of the support seat 10 closely adhere to the hole wall of the upper hole of the workpiece at the same time, and place the supporting column 12 on the end surface of the upper hole, and change the percentage The position of the gauge 30 on the turntable is such that the probe of the dial gauge 30 sticks to the upper end surface of the string hole 100, and the inspector pulls the handle 13 of the support base 10 by hand, so that the positioning column 11 of the support base 10 is fastened to the workpiece Rotate along the inner wall of the end hole at the same time, the number of rotations can be 2 or 3 circles, take the maximum value of the 30 jump of the dial gauge of each circle, and then take the average value of the maximum jump value of all circles, which is the measured value The parallelism between the outer end face of the part and the end face of the serial hole 100.

Step 4: Turn the workpiece around with a sling so that the lower hole of the workpiece is at the top, and the upper hole that has been tested for coaxiality and parallelism is at the bottom.

Step 5. According to the operation method of step 3, the parallelism between the upper end hole of the turned workpiece and the string hole 100 is detected.

Step 6. According to the operation method of step 2, the coaxiality between the upper end hole of the turned workpiece and the string hole 100 is detected.

Compared with the existing technology, this embodiment does not need to use three-coordinate detection, which reduces the cost of testing equipment and maintenance costs of testing equipment. There is no need to center the workpiece or rotate the large-sized workpiece. It is only necessary for the inspector to hold the handle 13 of the support seat 10 and drive the support seat 10 to stick to the wall of the end hole and rotate around the center of the end hole. The coaxiality and parallelism test of the end hole and the serial hole 100 has a simple test method and low test cost, and the accuracy of the test is greatly guaranteed because there is no problem that the center of the workpiece cannot be aligned.

Embodiment two

5 to 8, Embodiment 2 further improves the installation frame 20 on the basis of Embodiment 1. The specific improvements of the installation frame 20 are as follows:

The mounting frame 20 includes a connecting rod one 1, a connecting rod two 2 and a clamping assembly 3, the connecting rod one 1 is fixedly mounted on the support base 10, and the number of the clamping assemblies 3 is two, and one of the clamping assemblies 3 is used to realize the connection The connection between the second rod 2 and the first connecting rod 1, another clamping assembly 3 is used for the connection between the second connecting rod 2 and the dial gauge 30.

Each clamping assembly 3 includes a receiving seat 31, a locking member 32, a U-shaped splint 33 and a sleeve 34, and the receiving seat 31 is processed with a stud 311, and the locking member 32 is threaded on the stud 311; the receiving seat 31 is processed with the through hole 312 of vertical stud 311 axial direction on one section away from stud 311; A clamping opening 331 is formed between the two clips of the splint 33, and the clamping opening 331 is located outside the receiving seat 31; the sleeve 34 is sleeved on a section of the receiving seat 31 with a through hole 312, and the sleeve 34 is processed with positive For the strip hole 341 of the through hole 312, the outer surface of the receiving seat 31, the U-shaped splint 33, and the sleeve 34 are cylindrical, and the sleeve 34 can move axially along the receiving seat 31, and the two connected parts are placed one by one. On the clamping port 331 , one is placed on the through hole 312 .

Take the connection between connecting rod one 1 and connecting rod two 2 as an example, connecting rod one 1 is placed on the clamping opening 331, and connecting rod two 2 is placed on the through hole 312 of the receiving seat 31, when connecting rod one 1, connecting rod After the relative position adjustment of 2 and 2 is completed, the locking member 32 is screwed so that the locking member 32 is pressed against one of the clips of the U-shaped splint 33, and the other clip of the U-shaped splint 33 is pressed against the sleeve 34, and the sleeve 34 against the connecting rod 2, during this process, the U-shaped splint 33 is squeezed so that the clamping port 331 clamps the connecting rod 1; at the same time, the receiving seat 31 drives the connecting rod 2 in the through hole 312 to approach The locking member 32, and the sleeve 34 is pushed away from the locking member 32 under the push of the U-shaped splint 33, so that the connecting rod 2 is pressed against the through hole 312 of the sleeve 34 and the receiving seat 31, that is, Only one screwing and locking action of the locking member 32 is needed to clamp the connected connecting rod one 1 and connecting rod two 2 , and the operation is very simple.

When the locking member 32 is not locked, one of the two clamped parts can rotate and lift relative to the clamping opening 331, and the other can rotate and lift relative to the through hole 312. At the same time, the receiving seat 31 can also rotate around the U-shaped The splint 33 is rotated so that the angle between the two connected parts can be adjusted conveniently, ensuring that the dial indicator 30 installed on the clamping assembly 3 can be adjusted to the orientation of the parallelism detection box coaxiality detection, and can also It is ensured that the coaxiality and parallelism detection requirements of the measured workpieces with different depths and different apertures can be realized by using the same mounting frame 20, and the applicability and practicability of the detection method are improved.

What is described above is only an embodiment of the present invention, and common knowledge such as specific technical solutions and/or characteristics known in the solutions will not be described here too much. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the technical solution of the present invention, some modifications and improvements can also be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the implementation of the present invention effect and utility of the patent. The scope of protection required by this application shall be based on the content of the claims, and the specific implementation methods and other records in the specification may be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims (10)

1. The method for detecting the coaxiality and the end surface parallelism of the large-aperture serial holes is characterized by comprising the steps that a detection tool is required to detect the coaxiality and the parallelism, the detection tool comprises a supporting seat, two positioning columns and at least two supporting columns are arranged at the bottom of the supporting seat, the height of each positioning column is higher than that of each supporting column, a mounting frame is mounted on the supporting seat, and a dial indicator is mounted at one end, far away from the supporting seat, of the mounting frame;

when the coaxiality and parallelism of the serial holes and the end holes are detected, two positioning columns of the supporting seat are abutted against the hole wall of the end holes, the supporting columns are placed on the upper end face of the end holes, the probes of the dial indicators are attached to the hole wall or the end face of the serial holes, and then the supporting seat is driven to move, so that the positioning columns of the supporting seat are enabled to rotate for more than one circle along the end holes while being tightly fastened on the inner walls of the end holes of the workpiece, and the jumping maximum value of each circle of dial indicators is recorded.

2. The method for detecting coaxiality and end surface parallelism of a large-aperture serial hole according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: before coaxiality and parallelism are detected, the size tolerance and the form and position tolerance of the serial hole of the workpiece are detected, and the size tolerance and the form and position tolerance of the wall of the serial hole and the upper end face and the lower end face of the serial hole are ensured to be qualified.

3. The method for detecting coaxiality and end surface parallelism of a large-aperture serial hole according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: after the coaxiality and parallelism of the upper end hole and the serial hole of the workpiece are detected, the workpiece is turned 180 degrees, so that the end hole originally positioned at the bottom of the workpiece is changed into the end hole at the top of the workpiece, and then the coaxiality and parallelism of the turned upper end hole and the serial hole of the workpiece are detected by adopting the same method.

4. A method for detecting coaxiality and end-face parallelism of a large-aperture tandem hole according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by: the mounting frame comprises a first connecting rod, a second connecting rod and clamping assemblies, wherein the first connecting rod is fixedly arranged on a supporting seat, the number of the clamping assemblies is two, one clamping assembly is used for realizing connection between the second connecting rod and the first connecting rod, the other clamping assembly is used for connection between the second connecting rod and the dial indicator, the clamping assemblies can enable the whole length formed by the second connecting rod and the first connecting rod to be adjustable, and the clamping assemblies can enable the dial indicator to rotate and move relative to the second connecting rod.

5. The method for detecting coaxiality and end surface parallelism of a large-aperture serial hole according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the clamping assembly comprises a containing seat, a locking piece, a U-shaped clamping plate and a sleeve, wherein a stud is arranged on the containing seat, and the locking piece is connected with the stud through threads; a section of the accommodating seat far away from the stud is provided with a through hole perpendicular to the axial direction of the stud; two clamping pieces of the U-shaped clamping plate slide between the through hole and the stud, a clamping opening is formed between the two clamping pieces of the U-shaped clamping plate, and the clamping opening is positioned at the outer side of the accommodating seat; the sleeve is sleeved on one section of the holding seat with the through hole, a strip-shaped hole opposite to the through hole is formed in the sleeve, the sleeve can axially move along the holding seat, one of the two connected parts is placed on the clamping opening, and the other part is placed on the through hole.

6. The method for detecting coaxiality and end surface parallelism of a large-aperture serial hole according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the outer surface of the containing seat is a cylindrical surface.

7. A method for detecting coaxiality and end-face parallelism of a large-aperture tandem hole according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by: the number of the support columns is three, and the connecting lines of the three support columns form a triangle.

8. The method for detecting coaxiality and end surface parallelism of a large-aperture serial hole according to claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: among the three support columns, one support column is equal to the distance between the two positioning columns, and the remaining two support columns are symmetrically arranged relative to the support column.

9. A method for detecting coaxiality and end-face parallelism of a large-aperture tandem hole according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by: and a quenching layer is arranged on the surface of the positioning column.

10. A method for detecting coaxiality and end-face parallelism of a large-aperture tandem hole according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by: and the end surfaces of the supporting seats far away from the positioning columns and the supporting columns are provided with handles.

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