CN116371519A - Automatic coal gangue feeding system - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of coal gangue processing, in particular to an automatic coal gangue feeding system, the feeding system includes a feeding mechanism, a material conveying mechanism and a screening mechanism; a first screen mesh distributed up and down at intervals is arranged inside the material cylinder and the first sieve plate; the feeding mechanism includes a feeding frame, the first conveyor belt and the second conveyor belt, and the length of the first conveyor belt is greater than the second conveyor belt; the screening mechanism includes a feed box, a crushing structure, a second screen cloth , the second sieve plate and the vibrating device; the first crushing roller is also equipped with an overload protection device; the second screen is at least one set in the screening room, and the mesh size distributed from top to bottom shows a trend of gradually decreasing The vibrating device is arranged below the second screen, and the more materials on the second screen, the higher the vibration frequency of the vibrating device rotating in a circle to the second screen. The invention has a reasonable structural design and realizes an efficient operation form integrating pretreatment and sieving, crushing, fine screening and multi-type recovery and storage.

Description

A coal gangue automatic feeding system

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of coal gangue processing, in particular to an automatic feeding system for coal gangue.

Background technique

Coal gangue is solid waste discharged during the coal mining process and coal washing process. It is a black-gray rock with low carbon content and harder than coal that is associated with coal seams during the coal formation process. Including the excavation gangue during the roadway excavation, the gangue extracted from the roof, floor and interlayer during the mining process, and the gangue picked out during the coal washing process. Its main components are Al2O3 and SiO2, and it also contains varying amounts of Fe2O3, CaO, MgO, Na2O, K2O, P2O5, SO3 and trace rare elements (gallium, vanadium, titanium, cobalt).

China has accumulated about 1000Mt of coal gangue over the years, and continues to discharge about 100Mt every year. It not only accumulates and occupies land, but also pollutes the air spontaneously or causes fires. At present, coal gangue is mainly used to produce construction materials such as gangue cement, lightweight aggregate of concrete, and refractory bricks; in addition, it can also be used to recover coal, coal and gangue to generate electricity, and produce chemical products such as crystalline aluminum chloride and water glass. As well as extracting precious and rare metals, it can also be used as fertilizer.

However, the structure of the coal gangue processing equipment in the prior art is relatively simple, especially the various nodes of the feeding process are relatively scattered, not intelligent and automatic enough, resulting in a time difference in transmission, which seriously restricts the working efficiency of coal gangue recovery and processing. In the traditional coal gangue feeding process, the conveying node operations are directly used for indiscriminate conveying by conveyor belts. This method is very simple, but the resource allocation structure is unreasonable, resulting in a serious waste of resources and failing to achieve energy saving. Sequential and efficient delivery of materials. Further speaking, in the coal gangue feeding process in the prior art, the original lumps of coal gangue are of different sizes, which need to be crushed and reprocessed to meet the purpose of recycling.

The coal gangue recycling products are different, and the required particle size of the gangue is different. For example, when coal and gangue are co-fired for power generation, the particle size of the gangue treatment is relatively large to meet the demand. When used to produce building materials such as gangue cement, lightweight aggregate for concrete, and refractory bricks, the particle size of gangue treatment needs to be relatively moderate. When it is used to produce chemical products such as crystalline aluminum chloride and water glass, to extract precious and rare metals, or as a fertilizer, the particle size of coal gangue treatment needs to meet relatively small requirements. However, the coal gangue processing equipment in the existing technology cannot realize the combination of pretreatment and sieving, crushing and fine screening on the basis of satisfying the reasonable configuration of the structure of the conveying resources, energy saving, orderly and efficient loading. For the purpose of integrating intelligent and automatic feeding and processing operations, we need an automatic feeding system for coal gangue.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the above-mentioned shortcomings and deficiencies of coal gangue feeding and processing in the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of coal with reasonable structure design, intelligent resource allocation, and integration of pretreatment and sieving, crushing and fine screening. Gangue automatic feeding system.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:

An automatic coal gangue feeding system, the feeding system includes a feeding mechanism, a material conveying mechanism and a screening mechanism;

The feeding mechanism includes a feeding hopper and a material barrel, and the feeding hopper is arranged above the material barrel; a first screen and a first sieve plate distributed up and down at intervals are arranged in the material barrel, and both of them maintain Inclined distribution, a vibrating motor is also provided at the lower end of the first screen; the side wall of the barrel corresponding to the lower end of the first screen and the first screen plate is provided with a discharge port;

The conveying mechanism includes a conveying frame, a first conveyor belt and a second conveyor belt; the conveying frame is arranged on the ground, and has an inclined distribution structure with the left lower and the right higher; the first conveyor belt and the second conveyor belt Distributed up and down, and both keep rotatably arranged on the feeding frame, the length of the first conveyor belt is greater than that of the second conveyor belt, and the input ends of the two correspond to the corresponding discharge ports; the first conveyor belt is also connected with Differential speed structure, so that when the material on the first conveyor belt exceeds the preset value, the transmission will be accelerated, otherwise, the transmission will be normal and uniform;

The screening mechanism includes a material box, a crushing structure, a second screen, a second sieve plate and a vibrating device; the material box is a cylindrical structure, and one side is provided with a transfer chamber corresponding to the output end of the second conveyor belt, A crushing chamber is provided on one side and corresponds to the output end of the first conveyor belt; a screening chamber is provided below the transfer chamber and the crushing chamber; the crushing structure includes a first crushing roller and a second crushing roller, both of which are distributed horizontally The first crushing roller is fixedly arranged in the crushing chamber, the second crushing roller is rotatably arranged in the crushing chamber, and an overload protection device is provided on the first crushing roller so that the speed of the first crushing roller is lower than the preset When the value is set, the crushing operation will be automatically stopped;

The second screen is at least one set in the screening chamber, and the size of the meshes distributed from top to bottom tends to decrease gradually, and the second screen is also connected to a discharge pipe on the side wall corresponding to the second screen; The second sieve plate is a V-shaped structure, and the center is connected with a discharge pipe; the vibrating device is arranged under the second screen, and the more materials on the second screen, the vibrating device rotates in a circle to the second sieve. The higher the frequency of net shaking.

Preferably, both the first sieve and the first sieve plate maintain an inclination distribution that is high on the left and low on the right, and the inclination angle is 120-150 degrees.

Preferably, a first motor and a second motor are provided on the conveying frame, the first motor drives the first conveyor belt to rotate, and the second motor drives the second conveyor belt to rotate.

Further preferably, the differential structure includes a load cell; the load cell is disposed below the first conveyor belt and is signally connected to the first motor.

Further preferably, a plurality of strip-shaped barrier belts are arranged at intervals on both the first conveyor belt and the second conveyor belt; the height of the strip-shaped barrier belts is 0.5-1 cm.

Preferably, the overload protection device includes a rotational speed sensor and a third motor, the output shaft of the third motor is connected to the second crushing roller; the rotational speed sensor is arranged on the second crushing roller and maintains a signal connection with the third motor .

Further preferably, the vibrating device includes a deck, a rack, a gear, a pulley, a fourth motor, and a pressure sensor; the deck is a ring structure and is arranged in the screening room, and has an L-shaped cross section. The two screens are correspondingly installed in the groove position of the card table; the rack is ring-shaped and arranged on one side of the card table and below the second screen; the gear is meshed with the rack for transmission; the pressure sensor is arranged on The second screen, and maintains a signal connection with the fourth motor; the pulley is coaxially arranged on one side of the gear, and keeps the pulley in contact with the second screen all the time, and the diameter of the pulley is greater than the diameter of the gear; the fourth The motor is rotatably arranged in the screening chamber through the connection structure, and the output shaft is arranged through the gear and the pulley.

Further preferably, the connection structure includes a T-shaped slot and a connecting arm; the T-shaped slot is ring-shaped and arranged on the side wall of the card table, the connecting arm is an I-shaped structure, and one end is matched with the T-shaped slot, The other end is connected to the fourth motor.

Further preferably, a vibrator is further provided at the center of the second screen.

Preferably, a dust suction structure is also provided at the material box, and the dust suction structure includes a dust suction box, a dust suction channel, a filter screen, and a dust suction fan; the dust suction box is ring-shaped and filled with liquid , and set outside the material box; the input end of the dust suction channel leads to the crushing chamber, and the output end is located at the bottom of the dust suction box; the filter screen is set at the input end of the dust suction channel, and the dust suction fan is set at the In the suction channel and close to the filter.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: the automatic feeding system has a reasonable structural design, greatly improves the operation efficiency of coal gangue feeding processing, and is more practical; Pretreatment and sub-sieving, so as to pre-screen out larger massive coal gangue and smaller-grained coal gangue materials, so as to avoid waste of resources caused by repeated crushing and screening by means of separate transmission and reasonable allocation of resource structures, and then realize In order to save energy and efficiently transport materials; furthermore, by setting up a combination structure of crushing rollers, large pieces of coal gangue are crushed, and a dust suction structure is set up to absorb and process the smoke and dust through a fan, which not only solves the problem of smoke and dust. Environmental protection phenomenon, while also using the stored liquid to absorb the noise caused by vibration, taking into account the avoidance of noise pollution;

Further, by setting up a vibrating device, vibrating and screening multiple second screens to accelerate the transmission of intercepted materials and the falling of small particle materials, and setting up multiple second screens with successively smaller mesh sizes, a variety of Types, different specifications and models of coal gangue materials, and then realize the purpose of recycling and reusing different product uses; and make the more materials on the second screen, the higher the vibration frequency of the vibrating device rotating in a circle to the second screen; thus On the basis of satisfying the reasonable configuration of the conveying resource structure, energy saving, orderly and efficient feeding, it can also realize the intelligent and automatic feeding processing operation integrating pretreatment and screening, crushing processing and fine screening the goal of.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only These are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can also be obtained according to these drawings without any creative effort.

Fig. 1 is the overall structure schematic diagram of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of the structure of part A in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is an enlarged view of the structure of part B in Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is the perspective view of the feeding mechanism of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a three-dimensional schematic view of the crushing structure of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is the structural diagram of the card station of the present invention;

Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of the vibrating device of the present invention;

Fig. 8 is the structural diagram of the second screen cloth of the present invention;

Fig. 9 is a three-dimensional structure diagram of the material box of the present invention.

In the figure: 1 feeding mechanism, 101 feeding hopper, 102 barrel, 103 first screen, 104 first sieve plate, 105 vibration motor, 106 outlet, 2 feeding mechanism, 201 feeding frame, 202 first 1 conveyor belt, 203 second conveyor belt, 204 first motor, 205 second motor, 3 screening mechanism, 31 material box, 311 transfer chamber, 312 crushing chamber, 313 screening chamber, 314 discharge pipe, 315 discharge pipe , 32 crushing structure, 321 first crushing roller, 322 second crushing roller, 33 second screen, 34 second sieve plate, 35 vibration device, 351 card table, 352 rack, 353 gear, 354 pulley, 355 fourth Motor, 356 pressure sensor, 36 vibrator, 4 differential structure, 41 load cell, 5 overload protection device, 51 speed sensor, 52 third motor, 6 barrier belt, 7 connecting structure, 71 T-shaped slot, 72 connecting arm, 8 dust suction structure, 81 dust suction box, 82 dust suction channel, 83 filter screen, 84 dust suction fan.

Implementation

The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

It should be noted that in the specific embodiments of the present invention, possible terms such as "first" and "second" and other relative terms are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation , without necessarily requiring or implying any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the possible occurrences of terms such as "comprises", "comprises" or any other variation thereof are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion such that a process, method, article, or apparatus comprising a set of elements includes not only those elements, but also includes Other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent in the process, method, article, or apparatus are also included. Without further limitations, the phrase "comprising a ..." and other qualifying elements that may appear does not exclude the existence of additional identical elements.

In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly stipulated and limited, the terms "installation", "connection", "connection" and "installation" that may appear should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be fixed connection or It is a detachable connection or an integral connection; it may be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it may be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediary, or it may be the internal communication of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention through specific situations.

Embodiment: as shown in Figure 1-Figure 9:

An automatic coal gangue feeding system, the feeding system includes a feeding mechanism 1, a material conveying mechanism 2 and a screening mechanism 3; the automatic feeding system has a reasonable structural design, which greatly improves the operation of coal gangue feeding and processing Efficiency, more practicability; the present invention performs a pretreatment and sieving at the initial node of feeding, so as to pre-screen out larger lumps of coal gangue and coal gangue materials with smaller particles, thereby utilizing the separation and transmission and resource structure Reasonable configuration avoids waste of resources caused by repeated crushing and screening, thereby achieving the purpose of energy saving and efficient material transmission.

As shown in FIG. 1 : in this embodiment, the feeding mechanism 1 includes a feeding hopper 101 and a barrel 102 . The feeding hopper 101 is arranged above the material barrel 102; the material barrel is arranged on the ground. Wherein, the first sieve 103 and the first sieve plate 104 that are arranged at intervals up and down are arranged in the barrel 102, and both of them keep inclined distribution, and a vibrating motor 105 is also provided at the lower end of the first sieve 103; The purpose is to carry out pre-screening treatment on the original coal gangue material, so as to facilitate the screening out of small particles of coal gangue material, reduce the subsequent reprocessing process, and thus carry out the classification, quality and energy-saving transportation of materials.

The side wall of the material cylinder 102 corresponding to the inclined lower end of the first screen 103 and the first sieve plate 104 is provided with a discharge port 106, and the discharge port is set corresponding to the conveyor belt, which facilitates the subsequent smooth transmission of materials. A vibrating motor can also be arranged below the first sieve plate 104 to ensure the effect of material transmission, wherein the first sieve 103 and the first sieve plate 104 maintain an inclined distribution with a high left and a low right, and the inclination angle is 120-150 degrees, so The purpose of setting is to ensure that the material can reach the conveyor belt smoothly, and complete subsequent feeding and processing operations.

As shown in FIG. 4 : in this embodiment, the feeding mechanism 2 includes a feeding frame 201 , a first conveyor belt 202 and a second conveyor belt 203 . The feeding rack 201 is set on the ground, and keeps the distribution of left high and right low. The first conveying belt 202 and the second conveying belt 203 are distributed up and down, and both are rotatably arranged on the feeding frame 201 . The length of the first conveyor belt 202 is greater than that of the second conveyor belt 203, and the input ends of the two correspond to the corresponding discharge ports 106 respectively; that is, the input end of the first conveyor belt corresponds to the upper discharge port, and the output end corresponds to the crushing chamber input port. The input end of the second conveyor belt corresponds to the lower material outlet, and the output end corresponds to the input port of the transfer chamber.

As shown in Figure 4, a first motor 204 and a second motor 205 are provided on the feeding frame 201, the first motor 204 drives the first conveyor belt 202 to rotate, and the second motor 205 drives the second conveyor belt 203 to rotate, so it is set, Ensure the normal operation of the conveyor belt. Wherein, on the first conveyor belt 202 and the second conveyor belt 203, a plurality of bar-shaped barrier belts 6 distributed at intervals are all provided; the barrier belts are made of hard rubber material, and the first conveyor belt is used to transport bulk or Coal gangue material with large particles, so the distribution interval of the barrier belt on the first conveyor belt is relatively large. The second conveyor belt is used to transport small particles of coal gangue materials, so the barrier belts on the second conveyor belt should only be distributed at relatively small intervals to prevent small particles from slipping and stagnating, thereby ensuring the stability of conveying different types of materials.

Wherein, the height of the barrier belt 6 is 0.5-1 cm, which is used to drive the coal gangue material to be efficiently transported. In this embodiment, the first conveyor belt 202 is also connected with a differential speed structure 4, so that when there are many materials on the first conveyor belt 202, the transmission is accelerated, otherwise, the transmission is normal and uniform. The specific differential structure 4 includes a load cell 41 . The load cell 41 is arranged under the first conveyor belt 202 and connected with the first motor 204 in signal. In the actual coal gangue material transportation process, the proportion of small particle materials is relatively small, about 10%-15%; medium-sized coal gangue materials account for 15-20%, and the larger proportion is still large block coal gangue , so that a reasonable design of resource allocation can be realized.

The first motor is a servo-controlled motor. In an initial state, the first motor operates with a normal power P (such as 500W). When the weighing sensor senses that the material on the first conveyor belt reaches the preset value, the weighing sensor triggers a signal to the first motor, and the first motor operates at twice the normal power P1 (such as 1000W) to speed up the transmission of materials and ensure coal The efficiency of gangue feeding and processing. In this embodiment, the control mode between the load cell and the first motor is automatically controlled by the controller, and the control circuit of the controller can be realized through simple programming by those skilled in the art, which belongs to common knowledge in the art. And this application document is mainly used to protect mechanical devices, so this application will not explain the control method and circuit connection in detail.

As shown in FIG. 1 : in this embodiment, the screening mechanism 3 includes a material box 31 , a crushing structure 32 , a second screen 33 , a second screen plate 34 and a vibrating device 35 . As shown in Figure 9, the material box 31 has a cylindrical structure as a whole, wherein the crushing chamber is a square structure, one side is provided with a transfer chamber 311 corresponding to the output end of the second conveyor belt 203, and one side is provided with a crushing chamber 312 corresponding to the second conveyor belt 203. At the output end of the first conveyor belt 202, the lengths of the first conveyor belt and the second conveyor belt are misaligned and distributed, which has the advantage of facilitating the transmission of different types of materials and avoiding repeated subsequent crushing and processing of small-grained coal gangue materials, which wastes resources. One side of the material box is supported by the feeding frame, and the other side is fixed by the supporting legs. A screening chamber 313 is provided below the transfer chamber 311 and the crushing chamber 312 .

Among them, as shown in Figure 5: the crushing structure 32 includes a first crushing roller 321 and a second crushing roller 322, both of which are horizontally distributed and staggered, specifically, the teeth on the two crushing rollers are staggered to ensure that The gangue material is crushed again. The first crushing roller 321 is fixedly installed in the crushing chamber 312, and the second crushing roller 322 is rotatably arranged in the crushing chamber 312. At the same time, the first crushing roller 321 can also be set to move left and right, specifically through keyway fit and bolts , the larger the distance between the first and second crushing rollers, the larger the finished product particles after processing the gangue material, so that the requirements for different degrees of granular materials can be met.

As shown in Figure 5: in this embodiment, an overload protection device 5 is provided on the first crushing roller 321, so that when the rotational speed of the first crushing roller 321 is lower than a preset value, the crushing operation will be automatically stopped. Specifically, the overload protection device 5 includes a speed sensor 51 and a third motor 52, the output shaft of the third motor 52 is connected to the second crushing roller 322; the speed sensor 51 is arranged on the second crushing roller 322, and maintains a signal with the third motor 52 connect. The raw material of coal gangue has a certain hardness. In order to avoid the damage of the hard gangue to the crushing roller and the stagnation of material processing and other adverse effects, the automatic feeding system is equipped with a protective structure. When the hard gangue hinders the first crushing roller When the rotating speed is higher than the rotating speed, the rotating speed of the first crushing roller will decrease until it reaches the preset value of the rotating speed sensor, and the rotating speed sensor will trigger a signal to the third motor. The third motor also adopts the servo control motor. After receiving the trigger signal, the third motor stops working to protect the equipment. At this time, the staff can carry out manual work, take out the hard coal gangue material, and continue to open the third motor operation.

In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1 , at least one of the second screens 33 is disposed in the screening chamber 313 , and the size of the meshes distributed from top to bottom tends to decrease gradually. In this embodiment, there are two second screens, and the mesh size of the first screen is the same as that of the bottom second screen, wherein the specific structure of the second screen is shown in Figure 8 . The purpose of such setting is that the coal gangue materials with smaller particles can be directly recycled and reused without further crushing operations, and can be directly involved in screening and storage. It is used to prepare chemical products such as crystalline aluminum chloride and water glass, extract precious and rare metals, or as a fertilizer. The mesh size of the second screen above is relatively large. After the raw material of coal gangue is crushed, the coal gangue material intercepted by the screen can be used for coal recovery and co-firing of coal and gangue for power generation. The mesh size of the second screen below is relatively small, and the treated materials intercepted by the screen are used to produce building materials such as gangue cement, lightweight aggregate of concrete, and refractory bricks.

As shown in FIG. 9 , the wall of the material box 31 on one side corresponding to the second screen 33 is also connected with a discharge pipe 314 for storing the intercepted material. The second sieve plate 34 has a V-shaped structure, and a discharge pipe 315 is connected at the center; it is used for storing coal gangue materials with smaller particles. In this embodiment, the vibrating device 35 is arranged below the second screen cloth 33, and the more material on the second screen cloth 33, the higher the frequency of shaking the second screen cloth 33 by the vibrating device 35 by circular rotation, so The design of the setting structure is reasonable, which facilitates the screening of materials, accelerates the falling of small-sized materials and the transmission of intercepted materials to the discharge port.

As shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 7 : in this embodiment, the vibration device 35 includes a card table 351 , a rack 352 , a gear 353 , a pulley 354 , a fourth motor 355 and a pressure sensor 356 . The card table 351 is an annular structure and is arranged in the screening chamber 313, and has an L-shaped cross section, as shown in FIG. 6 for details. The second screen 33 is correspondingly installed in the groove position of the card table 351 . The rack 352 is ring-shaped and is disposed on one side of the card table 351 and below the second screen 33 , and the gear 353 is meshed with the rack 352 for transmission.

As shown in FIG. 7 , the pressure sensor 356 is disposed at the lower end of the second screen 33 and is in signal connection with the fourth motor 355 . That is, when the pressure sensor perceives that the material gravity of the second screen reaches the preset value, a trigger signal is sent to the fourth motor, and the fourth motor uses a micro servo to control the motor, and then the fourth motor will accelerate to rotate. The pulley 354 is coaxially arranged on one side of the gear 353 , and keeps the pulley 354 in constant contact with the second screen 33 , and the diameter of the pulley 354 is larger than that of the gear 353 . The fourth motor 355 is rotatably disposed in the screening chamber 313 through the connection structure 7 , and the output shaft is disposed through the gear 353 and the pulley 354 . That is, through the cooperation of the gear and the rack ring, the circular rotation of the driven pulley is realized, and then the circular motion of the driving point is presented on the second screen, so as to avoid material blocking the screen and accelerate material transmission. Further, the power required by the device is connected to an external power source through wires.

In this embodiment, the control methods between the load cell and the first motor, between the speed sensor and the third motor, and between the pressure sensor and the fourth motor are all automatically controlled by the controller. The control principle of the controller It can be realized by simple programming by those skilled in the art, which belongs to common knowledge in this field, and this application document is mainly used to protect mechanical devices, so this application will not explain the control method and circuit connection in detail.

In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 7 , the connecting structure 7 includes a T-shaped slot 71 and a connecting arm 72 . The T-shaped slot 71 is ring-shaped and arranged on the inner wall of the card table. The connecting arm 72 is an I-shaped structure, and one end is matched with the T-shaped slot 71 , and the other end is connected to the fourth motor 355 . A vibrator 36 is also provided at the center of the second screen 33 . The purpose of such setting is to provide the support of the fourth motor as the basis for the rotation of the pulley.

In this embodiment, the bottom of the material box adopts support legs, as shown in Figure 2: a dust suction structure 8 is also provided at the material box 31, and the dust suction structure 8 includes a dust suction box 81, a dust suction channel 82, and a filter screen 83 , dust suction fan 84. The dust collection box 81 is ring-shaped and filled with liquid for absorbing smoke and dust, and is arranged outside the material box 31 . The input end of the dust suction channel 82 leads to the crushing chamber 312 , and the output end is located at the bottom of the dust suction box 81 . The filter screen 83 is arranged at the input end of the dust suction channel 82, and the dust suction fan 84 is arranged in the dust suction channel 82 and close to the filter screen 83; the top of the dust collection box is provided with an exhaust valve, and the bottom is provided with a drain pipe for discharging turbidity fluid or add new fluid. The smoke and dust are absorbed and processed through the fan, which not only solves the unenvironmental phenomenon of the smoke and dust, but also uses the stored liquid to absorb the noise caused by the vibration, taking into account the avoidance of noise pollution.

The raw coal gangue mixture enters the barrel 102 through the feed hopper 101, and the vibrating motor 105 under the first screen 103 is started, which will vibrate the first screen 103 and the materials on the screen. Coupled with the inclination of the first screen 103 itself, the bulky material pairs intercepted by the first screen 103 slide down on the input end of the first conveyor belt 202 . Small-sized coal gangue materials falling from the mesh of the first screen 103 will slide through the first screen 104 to the input end of the second conveyor belt 203 . Furthermore, pre-screening the raw coal gangue materials facilitates the screening of small particles of coal gangue materials and reduces the subsequent reprocessing process, so as to carry out the processing of classified and quality-based energy-saving conveying materials.

The first motor 204 and the second motor 205 are turned on, and the materials on the conveyor belt are smoothly conveyed to the material box 31 under the action of the barrier belt 6 . Further, in an initial state, the first motor 204 operates with a normal power P (eg, 500W). When the load cell 41 senses that the material on the first conveyor belt 202 reaches the preset value, the load cell 41 triggers a signal to the first motor 204, and the first motor 204 works with twice the normal power 2P (such as 1000W) to speed up the material. The transmission ensures the efficiency of coal gangue feeding and processing.

The second conveyor belt 203 drives the coal gangue materials with small particle diameters, and directly enters the screening chamber 313 through the conveying chamber 311, and is classified, screened and stored under the action of the second screen 33 in the screening chamber 313. The bulk materials on the first conveyor belt 202 will enter the crushing chamber 312, and in the initial state, the third motor 52 works normally. When the hard gangue hinders the rotation speed of the first crushing roller 321 , the rotation speed of the first crushing roller 321 will decrease until the preset value of the rotation speed sensor 51 is reached, and the rotation speed sensor 51 will send a trigger signal to the third motor 52 . The third motor 52 also adopts a servo-controlled motor. After receiving the trigger signal, the third motor 52 stops working to protect the equipment. At this time, the staff can carry out manual work, take out the hard coal gangue material, and continue to open the third motor 52. .

The crushed coal gangue material will first fall to the uppermost second screen 33. In this embodiment, two second screens 33 with different mesh sizes are preferably used, so that relatively large, medium and large screens can be guaranteed. Small scale coal gangue material collection and storage. Taking the operation of the uppermost second screen 33 as an example, the second screen 33 efficiently screens the crushed materials under the cooperation of the vibrating device 35 and the vibrator 36 . When the fourth motor 355 starts, it will drive the gear 353 to make a circular motion along the rack 352, and the gear 353 and the pulley 354 will rotate coaxially. We define the point where the pulley 354 lifts up the second screen 33 as the driving point, then the fourth motor 355 will drive the driving point to make a circular motion, so that the shaking effect on the second screen 33 can be generated, 360 degrees in all directions The material of the second screen cloth 33, together with the effect of the vibrator 36, has avoided the clogging phenomenon of the screen cloth.

In the initial state, the fourth motor 355 is set to rotate at a constant speed V; when the pressure sensor 356 senses that the material gravity of the second screen 33 reaches a preset value, a trigger signal is given to the fourth motor 355, and then the fourth motor 355 will accelerate at a speed of 2V. Rotate at a high speed, so that the more materials on the second screen 33, the higher the vibration frequency of the vibrating device 35 rotating in a circle to the second screen 33, so as to realize the rational configuration of the material delivery resource structure, energy saving and orderly On the basis of efficient and efficient feeding, it can also realize the purpose of intelligent and automatic feeding and processing operations integrating pretreatment and screening, crushing processing and fine screening.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the above-described exemplary embodiments, but that the invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Accordingly, the embodiments should be regarded in all points of view as exemplary and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and it is therefore intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. All changes within the meaning and range of equivalents of the elements are embraced in the present invention. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides an automatic feeding system of gangue which characterized in that: the feeding system comprises a feeding mechanism, a conveying mechanism and a screening mechanism;

the feeding mechanism comprises a feeding hopper and a charging barrel, and the feeding hopper is arranged above the charging barrel; the charging barrel is internally provided with a first screen and a first screen plate which are distributed at intervals up and down, and both the first screen and the first screen plate are distributed in an inclined way, and the lower end of the first screen is also provided with a vibrating motor; the side walls of the charging barrel corresponding to the lower ends of the first screen mesh and the first screen plate are provided with discharge holes;

the conveying mechanism comprises a conveying frame, a first conveying belt and a second conveying belt; the material conveying frame is arranged on the ground; the first conveying belt and the second conveying belt are distributed up and down and are rotatably arranged on the material conveying frame, the length of the first conveying belt is longer than that of the second conveying belt, and the input ends of the first conveying belt and the second conveying belt respectively correspond to corresponding discharge holes; the first conveyor belt is also connected with a differential structure, so that when the materials on the first conveyor belt exceed a preset value, the transmission is accelerated, and otherwise, the transmission is performed at a normal constant speed;

the screening mechanism comprises a feed box, a crushing structure, a second screen plate and a vibration device; the material box is of a cylindrical structure, one side of the material box is provided with a conveying chamber and corresponds to the output end of the second conveying belt, and one side of the material box is provided with a crushing chamber and corresponds to the output end of the first conveying belt; a screening chamber is arranged below the conveying chamber and the crushing chamber; the crushing structure comprises a first crushing roller and a second crushing roller which are horizontally distributed and staggered, wherein the first crushing roller is fixedly arranged in the crushing chamber, the second crushing roller is rotatably arranged in the crushing chamber, and an overload protection device is further arranged on the first crushing roller so that the crushing operation is automatically stopped when the rotating speed of the first crushing roller is lower than a preset value;

the second screen is at least one screen arranged in the screening chamber, the sizes of the meshes distributed from top to bottom gradually decrease, and a discharging pipe is connected to the corresponding side bin wall of the second screen; the second sieve plate is of a V-shaped structure, and a discharge pipe is connected to the center of the second sieve plate; the vibration device is arranged below the second screen, and the more the material on the second screen is, the higher the frequency of the vibration device shaking the second screen in a circumferential rotation mode.

2. The automated coal refuse loading system according to claim 1, further comprising: the first screen and the first screen plate both keep inclined distribution with high left and low right, and the inclination angle is 120-150 degrees.

3. The automated coal refuse loading system according to claim 1, further comprising: the material conveying frame is provided with a first motor and a second motor, the first motor drives the first conveying belt to rotate, and the second motor drives the second conveying belt to rotate.

4. A gangue automatic feeding system as claimed in claim 3 wherein: the differential structure comprises a weighing sensor; the weighing sensor is arranged below the first conveying belt and is in signal connection with the first motor.

5. The automated coal refuse loading system according to claim 4, further comprising: a plurality of strip-shaped blocking belts which are distributed at intervals are arranged on the first conveying belt and the second conveying belt; the height of the barrier tape is 0.5-1cm.

6. The automated coal refuse loading system according to claim 1, further comprising: the overload protection device comprises a rotating speed sensor and a third motor, and an output shaft of the third motor is connected with the second crushing roller; the rotating speed sensor is arranged on the second crushing roller and is in signal connection with the third motor.

7. The automated coal refuse loading system according to claim 1, further comprising: the vibration device comprises a clamping table, a rack, a gear, a pulley, a fourth motor and a pressure sensor; the clamping table is of an annular structure and is arranged in the screening chamber, the cross section of the clamping table is of an L-shaped structure, and the second screen is correspondingly arranged at the groove position of the clamping table; the rack is annular and is arranged at one side of the clamping table and positioned below the second screen; the gear is meshed with the rack for transmission; the pressure sensor is arranged on the second screen and is in signal connection with the fourth motor; the pulley is coaxially arranged at one side of the gear, the pulley is kept in contact with the second screen all the time, and the diameter of the pulley is larger than that of the gear; the fourth motor is rotatably arranged in the screening chamber through a connecting structure, and the output shaft penetrates through the gear and the pulley.

8. The automated coal refuse loading system according to claim 7, further comprising: the connecting structure comprises a T-shaped groove and a connecting arm; the T-shaped groove is annular and is arranged on the side wall of the clamping table, the connecting arm is of an I-shaped structure, one end of the connecting arm is installed in a matched mode with the T-shaped groove, and the other end of the connecting arm is connected with the fourth motor.

9. The automated coal refuse loading system according to claim 8, further characterized by: and a vibrator is arranged at the center of the second screen.

10. The automated coal refuse loading system according to claim 1, further comprising: a dust collection structure is further arranged at the material box and comprises a dust collection box, a dust collection channel, a filter screen and a dust collection fan; the dust suction box is annular, is filled with liquid, and is arranged outside the feed box; the input end of the dust collection channel is communicated with the crushing chamber, and the output end of the dust collection channel is positioned at the bottom of the dust collection box; the filter screen set up in dust absorption passageway input, dust absorption fan set up in dust absorption passageway and be close to the filter screen.

Images