CN116295092B - Gear parameter measuring device and method - Google Patents
Gear parameter measuring device and methodInfo
- Publication number
- CN116295092B CN116295092B CN202211709598.2A CN202211709598A CN116295092B CN 116295092 B CN116295092 B CN 116295092B CN 202211709598 A CN202211709598 A CN 202211709598A CN 116295092 B CN116295092 B CN 116295092B
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- Prior art keywords
- gear
- module
- fixing member
- measurement
- displacement sensor
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
- G01B11/2416—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures of gears
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种齿轮参数测量装置及方法，装置包括回转模块、测量模块和描点拟合模块；回转模块用于带动齿轮绕其中心轴旋转，中心轴过齿轮中心且垂直于齿轮平面；测量模块包括光谱共焦位移传感器，光谱共焦位移传感器的探头测量方向与中心轴垂直，并平行于齿轮平面，用于获取旋转齿轮的轮廓相对中心轴的位移信息，位移信息以极坐标表征；描点拟合模块用于对以极坐标表征的位移信息进行描点拟合，得到齿轮的尺寸参数。本发明采用光谱共焦位移传感器进行被测齿廓上各测量点极坐标的采集，光谱共焦位移传感器具有高精度测量、高频率测量等特点，可以减小测量误差。
The present invention discloses a gear parameter measurement device and method. The device includes a rotation module, a measurement module, and a plotting and fitting module. The rotation module is used to drive the gear to rotate about its central axis, which passes through the center of the gear and is perpendicular to the gear plane. The measurement module includes a spectral confocal displacement sensor. The spectral confocal displacement sensor has a probe measurement direction perpendicular to the central axis and parallel to the gear plane, and is used to obtain displacement information of the rotating gear profile relative to the central axis. The displacement information is represented by polar coordinates. The plotting and fitting module is used to perform plotting and fitting on the displacement information represented by polar coordinates to obtain the dimensional parameters of the gear. The present invention uses a spectral confocal displacement sensor to collect the polar coordinates of each measurement point on the measured tooth profile. The spectral confocal displacement sensor has the characteristics of high-precision measurement and high-frequency measurement, which can reduce measurement errors.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of precise instrument measurement, in particular to a gear parameter measurement device and a gear parameter measurement method.
Background
The gear means a mechanical element on the rim, which is continuously engaged with the gear to transmit motion and power. With the development of production, the running stability of the gear is emphasized, and the running stability of the gear is influenced by various parameters of the gear, so that before the gear is transported, whether the parameters of the gear are qualified or not is detected to perform normal transportation and marketing.
Existing gear measurement techniques can be divided into two main categories, contact measurement and non-contact measurement. The contact measurement is to record the three-dimensional coordinate position of the surface point of the shape by contacting the triggering or scanning sensing head with the contour surface of the gear, then the computer calculates the parameters of the gear according to the three-dimensional coordinate position, the method often causes low measurement precision because of larger radius of the contact sensing head, the non-contact measurement mainly uses the laser displacement sensor to measure the parameters of the gear, the laser displacement sensor is driven to move to the position to be measured on the contour of the gear to be measured, the laser beam emitted by the laser displacement sensor is directly irradiated onto the gear to be measured, and the laser beam returns to the receiver, and the receiver calculates the distance value according to the time of one round trip of the laser pulse. However, when the roughness of the gear surface is large, the reflected laser signal is unstable, and thus the time value and the distance value calculated by the receiver are inaccurate, so that the method is easy to cause measurement errors.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a gear parameter measuring device and a gear parameter measuring method based on the problem of larger measuring error in the prior art.
The invention discloses a gear parameter measuring device which comprises a rotation module, a measuring module and a description fitting module;
The rotary module is used for driving the gear to rotate around the central shaft, and the central shaft passes through the center of the gear and is perpendicular to the plane of the gear;
The measuring module comprises a spectral confocal displacement sensor, the measuring direction of a probe of the spectral confocal displacement sensor is perpendicular to the central axis and parallel to the gear plane, and the measuring module is used for acquiring displacement information of the outline of the rotary gear relative to the central axis, and the displacement information is represented by polar coordinates;
And the dotting fitting module is used for conducting dotting fitting on the displacement information represented by the polar coordinates to obtain the size parameters of the gear.
Preferably, the invention also comprises a displacement adjustment module;
the measuring module is fixed on the displacement adjusting module;
The displacement adjustment module is used for driving the measurement module to move in the three-dimensional space direction, so that the probe of the spectral confocal displacement sensor is parallel to the gear plane.
Preferably, the invention further comprises an upper fixing piece and a lower fixing piece;
annular protrusions are arranged on the opposite surfaces of the upper fixing piece and the lower fixing piece;
the gear is sleeved between the annular protrusions of the upper fixing piece and the lower fixing piece;
the lower fixing piece is arranged on the rotary module.
Preferably, the invention further comprises a compacting module connected with the upper fixing piece, wherein the compacting module is used for compacting the upper fixing piece when the gear rotates.
The compaction module comprises a compaction transmission device and a compaction part;
The compaction transmission device is arranged on the workbench;
the compressing part is arranged on the compressing transmission device and is connected with one end of the upper fixing piece.
One end of the pressing component is in an inverted cone shape;
One end of the upper fixing piece is provided with a small hole;
The conical tip corresponds to the aperture.
Preferably, the invention further comprises a grating ruler;
the grating ruler is arranged on the compression transmission device, and light rays emitted by the grating ruler are projected to the displacement adjustment module and used for determining the moving distance of the displacement adjustment module.
The rotary module comprises a motor, a rotary table and an aerostatic main shaft;
one side surface of the turntable is connected with the lower fixing piece, and the other side surface of the turntable is connected with one end of the aerostatic main shaft and is used for bearing the lower fixing piece;
And an output shaft of the motor is connected with the other end of the aerostatic main shaft and is used for driving the gear to rotate around the center of the gear.
The measuring module further comprises a protective shell with a through hole at one end, a bracket and a controller;
The spectral confocal displacement sensor, the bracket and the controller are arranged in the protective shell, and the spectral confocal sensor is connected with the controller;
the support is arranged at one end of the through hole of the protective shell;
One end of the probe of the spectral confocal displacement sensor extends out of the through hole, and the other end of the probe is fixed on the bracket.
The invention also discloses a gear parameter measurement method, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring displacement information of the outline of the rotary gear relative to a gear central shaft, wherein the displacement information is represented by polar coordinates;
And performing point drawing fitting on the displacement information represented by the polar coordinates to obtain the size parameters of the gear.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) According to the gear parameter measuring device, the spectral confocal displacement sensor is used for collecting polar coordinates of each measuring point on the measured tooth profile, and has the characteristics of high-precision measurement, high-frequency measurement and the like, the measuring precision can achieve nano-scale precision, and the measuring frequency can reach 80 kilohertz;
(2) According to the invention, the moving distance of each transmission device in the air floatation guide rail is determined by the grating ruler, so that the moving distance of the measurement module can be accurately controlled, and the measurement accuracy of the whole system is further improved;
(3) According to the invention, the Y-axis transmission device can adjust the distance between the measuring module and the gear according to the diameter of the gear, so that the measured diameter of the gear is not limited by the size of the turntable;
(4) The invention provides a measuring module, which is provided with a bracket and a protective shell, wherein the bracket is used for supporting and fixing a spectral confocal displacement sensor, so that the distance between the bracket and a gear can be conveniently and flexibly adjusted when the dimensional parameter of the gear is measured, and the protective shell is used for protecting the spectral confocal displacement sensor, a controller and the bracket of the measuring module, preventing the spectral confocal displacement sensor, the controller and the bracket from being damaged by external force and preventing dust from entering.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the device of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of the device of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the work table of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a compression transmission in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the upper and lower fixing members according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a gear fixed between annular protrusions of an upper and lower fixing members in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a front view of a swing module of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a swing module of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the structure of the pressing member of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic structural view of an X-axis transmission device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a Y-axis transmission device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of a Z-axis transmission according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of the structure of the protective housing of the present invention;
fig. 14 is a schematic structural view of a measuring module according to the present invention.
In the figure, 1 is a workbench, 2 is a compression transmission device, 3 is a gear fixing device, 4 is a compression mechanism, 5 is a Z-axis transmission device, 6 is a Y-axis transmission device, 7 is a measurement module, 8 is an X-axis transmission device, 9 is a description point fitting module, 10 is a rotation module, 3-1 is an upper fixing piece, 3-2 is a lower fixing piece, 3-3 is a small hole, 4-1 is a cone top, 7-1 is a protective shell, 7-2 is a spectral confocal displacement sensor, 7-3 is a bracket, 7-4 is a controller, 10-1 is a center, 10-2 is a rotary table, 10-3 is a gas static pressure main shaft, 10-4 is a support sleeve, 10-5 is a coupler and 10-6 is a motor.
Detailed Description
In the following description, for purposes of explanation and not limitation, specific details are set forth such as the particular system architecture, techniques, etc., in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced in other embodiments that depart from these specific details. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, devices, circuits, and methods are omitted so as not to obscure the description of the present invention with unnecessary detail.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the invention discloses a gear parameter measuring device, which comprises a rotation module 10, a measuring module 7 and a description point fitting module 9;
The rotary module 10 is used for driving the gear to rotate around the central shaft, and the central shaft passes through the center of the gear and is perpendicular to the gear plane;
As shown in fig. 7 and 8, the swing module 10 includes a motor 10-6, a turntable 10-2, and a gas hydrostatic spindle 10-3;
One side surface of the turntable 10-2 is connected with the lower fixing piece 3-2, and the other side surface is connected with one end of the aerostatic main shaft 10-3 and is used for bearing the lower fixing piece 3-2;
An output shaft of the motor 10-6 is connected with the other end of the aerostatic main shaft 10-3 and is used for driving the gear to rotate around the center of the gear.
In one embodiment, the present invention further includes a support sleeve 10-4, and the aerostatic spindle 10-3 is secured within the support sleeve 10-4. The aerostatic main shaft 10-3 has small friction and high rotation precision. In the invention, a motor 10-6 is connected with a gas static pressure main shaft 10-3 through a coupler 10-5 to drive the gas static pressure main shaft 10-3 to rotate, so that the gas static pressure main shaft 10-3 drives a rotary table 10-2 and a gear arranged on the rotary table 10-2 to rotate.
The measuring module 7 comprises a spectral confocal displacement sensor 7-2, the measuring direction of a probe of the spectral confocal displacement sensor 7-2 is perpendicular to the central axis and parallel to the gear plane, and the measuring module is used for acquiring displacement information of the outline of the rotary gear relative to the central axis, wherein the displacement information is represented by polar coordinates;
Preferably, the measuring module 7 further comprises a protective shell 7-1 with a through hole at one end, a bracket 7-3 and a controller 7-4, as shown in fig. 13 and 14;
the spectral confocal displacement sensor 7-2, the bracket 7-3 and the controller 7-4 are arranged in the protective shell 7-1, and the spectral confocal displacement sensor is connected with the controller 7-4;
The bracket 7-3 is arranged at one end of the protective shell 7-1 where the through hole is;
One end of the probe of the spectral confocal displacement sensor 7-2 extends out of the through hole, and the other end of the probe is fixed on the bracket 7-3.
In the invention, the bracket 7-3 is used for supporting and fixing the spectral confocal displacement sensor 7-2, so that the distance between the spectral confocal displacement sensor 7-3 and a gear can be conveniently and flexibly adjusted when the dimensional parameter of the gear is measured, and the protective shell 7-1 is used for protecting the spectral confocal displacement sensor 7-2, the controller 7-4 and the bracket 7-3 of the measuring module 7 from being damaged by external force and preventing dust from entering.
The dotting fitting module 9 is used for dotting fitting the displacement information represented by polar coordinates to obtain the size parameters of the gear.
The point tracing fitting module 9 comprises a computer and is used for processing the polar coordinate data detected by the spectral confocal displacement sensor 7-2, and the point tracing fitting can be performed through a software system to accurately calculate the relevant parameters of the gear.
The invention adopts the spectral confocal displacement sensor 7-2 to collect polar coordinates of each measuring point on the measured tooth profile, the spectral confocal displacement sensor 7-2 has the characteristics of high-precision measurement, high-frequency measurement and the like, the measuring precision can realize nano-scale precision, and the measuring frequency can reach 80 kilohertz magnitude.
Preferably, the invention further comprises a displacement adjustment module;
The displacement adjustment module is used for driving the measurement module 7 to move in the three-dimensional space direction, so that the probe of the spectral confocal displacement sensor 7-2 is parallel to the gear plane.
In one embodiment, the displacement adjustment module includes an X-axis drive 8, a Y-axis drive 6, and a Z-axis drive 5;
as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the X-axis transmission device 8 is arranged on the workbench 1 shown in fig. 3, and the moving direction is perpendicular to the central axis;
The Z-axis transmission device 5 is arranged on the X-axis transmission device 8, and the moving direction is parallel to the central shaft;
the Y-axis transmission device 6 is arranged on the Z-axis transmission device 5, and the moving direction is perpendicular to the moving directions of the central shaft and the X-axis transmission device 8;
the measuring module 7 is arranged on the Y-axis transmission 6.
In the embodiment, a sliding frame is arranged on the Y-axis transmission device 6, a measuring module 7 is arranged on the sliding frame, and the Y-axis transmission device 6 can adjust the position of the measuring module 7 left and right according to gears with different diameters;
In this embodiment, the guide rails on the Y-axis transmission device 6 and the Z-axis transmission device 5 are both air-floating guide rails, and as the air-floating guide rails can realize smooth movement without friction and vibration, higher guiding precision is obtained, and the positioning precision of the spectral confocal displacement sensor 7-2 can be indirectly improved, thereby improving the detection precision of the gear.
Preferably, the invention further comprises a grating ruler;
The grating ruler is arranged on the compaction transmission device 2, and light rays emitted by the grating ruler are projected to the displacement adjustment module and used for determining the moving distance of the displacement adjustment module.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the servo motor 10-6 drives the air floatation guide rail on the X, Y, Z-axis transmission device, so that the measuring module 7 is driven to move along the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis guide rails. The X-axis and Z-axis air floatation guide rail accurately controls the spectral confocal displacement sensor 7-2 to coincide with the central axis of the gear through the positioning function of the grating ruler.
The moving distance of each transmission device in the air floatation guide rail is determined by the grating ruler, so that the moving distance of the measuring module 7 can be accurately controlled, and the measuring precision of the whole system is improved.
Preferably, the invention also comprises a gear fixing device 3,
As shown in FIG. 5, the gear fixing device 3 comprises an upper fixing piece 3-1 and a lower fixing piece 3-2, wherein annular protrusions are arranged on the opposite surfaces of the upper fixing piece 3-1 and the lower fixing piece 3-2;
as shown in fig. 6, the gear is sleeved between the annular protrusions of the upper fixing member 3-1 and the lower fixing member 3-2;
the lower fixture 3-2 is provided on the swing module 10.
Preferably, the present invention further comprises a pressing module connected to the upper fixture 3-1 for pressing the upper fixture 3-1 when the gear rotates.
As shown in fig. 4 and 9, the compaction module comprises a compaction transmission device 2 and a compaction part 4;
The compaction transmission device 2 is arranged on the workbench 1, and the transmission structure adopts a screw rod mechanism driven by a servo motor 10-6 and is precisely positioned by a grating ruler.
The compressing component is arranged on the compressing transmission device 2 and is connected with one end of the upper fixing piece 3-1.
One end of the pressing component is in an inverted cone shape;
One end of the upper fixing piece 3-1 is provided with a small hole 3-3;
The conical tip 4-1 corresponds to the small hole 3-3.
In another embodiment, the upper end of the turntable 10-2 comprises a center 10-1, and both ends of the upper and lower fixing pieces 3-2 are provided with small holes 3-3, which can be matched with the cone top 4-1 of the pressing mechanism 4 and the center 10-1 of the workpiece turntable 10-2. The upper fixing member 3-1 and the lower fixing member 3-2 of the gear in this embodiment can be replaced according to gears of different diameters.
In the embodiment of the invention, the turntable 10-2 is arranged on the workbench 1, and can be automatically aligned and leveled through the arrangement of a computer, the gear is fixed on the turntable 10-2 through the upper and lower fixing pieces 3-2 and rotates along with the turntable 10-2, and the measuring module 7 does not rotate, so that the invention has simple operation and smaller error.
In the embodiment of the invention, the optical measurement system is fixed on the guide rail platform, the movement of the measurement module 7 on the air floatation guide rail can be precisely controlled by positioning the grating ruler, and the Y-axis transmission device 6 can adjust the distance between the measurement module 7 and the gear according to the diameter of the gear, so that the diameter of the measured gear is not limited by the size of the turntable 10-2.
The invention also discloses a gear parameter measurement method, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
Step 1, obtaining displacement information of the outline of a rotary gear relative to a gear central shaft, wherein the displacement information is represented by polar coordinates;
When the polar coordinate information is acquired, the position of the central coordinate axis of the gear is firstly determined, and in the process of acquiring the position of the central coordinate axis in the embodiment, a standard component is placed on the rotary table 10-2, the rotary table 10-2 is driven to rotate, and data points of the outer circumference of the zero-marked rotary shaft are acquired to mark the position of the central coordinate system of the gear to be measured.
After the position of a central axis coordinate system is determined, a measured gear is fixed on a workpiece rotary table 10-2 through a gear fixing device, the central axis of the measured gear coincides with the center of a zero-marking rotating shaft, an X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis air floatation guide rail is controlled to enable a probe of a spectrum confocal displacement sensor 7-2 to coincide with the central axis of the gear, an emitted light beam can be directly irradiated onto the measured tooth profile, the measured tooth profile is positioned in the range of the spectrum confocal displacement sensor 7-2, a rotary shaft table is used for rotating the rotary shaft table, the light beam emitted by the spectrum confocal displacement sensor 7-2 is sequentially irradiated onto the tooth profile of the measured gear, the surface of the measured gear reflects irradiation light back, the irradiation light is sensed by the confocal displacement sensor, a distance value can be obtained through conversion by calculating the sensed wavelength, and displacement data of a reflection point of the collected light beam on the measured tooth profile relative to the central axis of the measured gear coordinate system is converted into polar coordinates.
And step 2, performing dotting fitting on displacement information represented by polar coordinates to obtain the size parameters of the gear.
And (3) performing point drawing fitting on the polar coordinate points of the measured tooth profile in a polar coordinate system through computer related software so as to obtain the size parameters of the gear and judge the error of the measured tooth profile.
The gear measuring device and the gear measuring method can realize the measurement of the straight-tooth cylindrical gear, the bevel gear and the cambered surface gear, the movement path of the measuring head does not need to be planned in advance in the measuring process, the measuring method is simple, and the gear measuring accuracy is improved.
(1) The gear parameter measuring device adopts the spectral confocal displacement sensor to collect polar coordinates of each measuring point on the measured tooth profile, and compared with contact type contact measurement and laser displacement sensor measurement, the gear parameter measuring device has the characteristics of high-precision measurement, high-frequency measurement and the like, the measuring precision can realize nano-scale precision, and the measuring frequency can reach 80 kilohertz magnitude;
(2) According to the invention, the moving distance of each transmission device in the air floatation guide rail is determined by the grating ruler, so that the moving distance of the measurement module can be accurately controlled, and the measurement accuracy of the whole system is further improved;
(3) According to the invention, the Y-axis transmission device can adjust the distance between the measuring module and the gear according to the diameter of the gear, so that the measured diameter of the gear is not limited by the size of the turntable;
(4) The invention provides a measuring module, which is provided with a bracket and a protective shell, wherein the bracket is used for supporting and fixing a spectral confocal displacement sensor, so that the distance between the bracket and a gear can be conveniently and flexibly adjusted when the dimensional parameter of the gear is measured, and the protective shell is used for protecting the spectral confocal displacement sensor, a controller and the bracket of the measuring module, preventing the spectral confocal displacement sensor, the controller and the bracket from being damaged by external force and preventing dust from entering.
While the application has been described in terms of preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the application, and it is intended that the application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed.
Claims (5)
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| CN117268749B (en) * | 2023-09-13 | 2025-11-25 | 华南理工大学 | A device and method for detecting the accuracy of linear gears |
| CN119468982A (en) * | 2025-01-14 | 2025-02-18 | 成都美奢锐新材料有限公司 | A spectral confocal sealing comb tooth chamfer arc radius measurement device and method |
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| CN105823435A (en) * | 2016-05-17 | 2016-08-03 | 扬州大学 | Gear measurement device based on laser displacement sensor and gear measurement method |
| CN109387150A (en) * | 2017-08-08 | 2019-02-26 | 克林格伦贝格股份公司 | Coordinate measuring set and correlation method including optical sensor |
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| CN103994717B (en) * | 2014-05-24 | 2017-04-19 | 长春市春求科技开发有限公司 | Optical gear measurement device and detection method |
| CN104154849B (en) * | 2014-08-15 | 2017-02-22 | 西安交通大学 | Three-axis linkage-based complicated part accurate measurement central path planning realizing method and device |
| CN107525464B (en) * | 2016-06-21 | 2020-05-22 | 中国计量科学研究院 | Two-dimensional laser optical path gear measurement device |
| WO2020221818A1 (en) * | 2019-05-02 | 2020-11-05 | Inproq Optical Measurement Gmbh | Gear inspection method and device |
| US12011795B2 (en) * | 2020-08-14 | 2024-06-18 | Shanghai Jiao Tong Univeristy | Automatic tool setting system and method based on spectral confocal displacement sensor |
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| CN105823435A (en) * | 2016-05-17 | 2016-08-03 | 扬州大学 | Gear measurement device based on laser displacement sensor and gear measurement method |
| CN109387150A (en) * | 2017-08-08 | 2019-02-26 | 克林格伦贝格股份公司 | Coordinate measuring set and correlation method including optical sensor |
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