CN116278541A - Trailer and tractor - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of traction transportation, and particularly discloses a traction device and a tractor, which comprises a traction bolt, a traction pin arranged above the traction bolt and a mounting plate for mounting the traction bolt and the traction pin, wherein the mounting plate is used for being connected with the tractor, a transverse mounting hole for inserting a traction rod of a trailer is formed in the traction bolt, a first jack for being in plug-in fit with the traction pin is formed in the upper end of the traction bolt, the first jack is communicated with the mounting hole, the traction bolt is vertically and slidably connected onto the mounting plate, and a lifting mechanism for driving the traction bolt to lift is arranged on the mounting plate. By adopting the scheme of the invention, the problems that the traction bolt is fixedly arranged, the traction rod is difficult to sufficiently lift and the application of the civil aviation standard trailer cannot be directly adapted can be solved.

Description

Trailer and tractor

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of traction transportation, and in particular relates to a trailer device and a tractor.

Background technique

The tractor and the trailer are connected by a towing device, so that the tractor with driving ability can tow and drive the trailer without driving ability to drive and transport together. In the prior art, the trailer is provided with a tow bar, and the towing device is installed on the tractor, and the tow bar is pulled to the towing device, and the tow bar is connected by the towing device, so that the trailer and the tractor can be connected. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 1 , the towing device generally includes a traction pin 4 vertically slidably connected to the tractor and a traction bolt 3 fixed on the tractor. The traction bolt 3 is provided with a horizontal supply rod 5 The inserted mounting hole 6, the traction bolt 3 and the end of the traction rod 5 are all provided with sockets for the insertion of the traction pin 4, insert the end of the traction rod 5 into the mounting hole 6, and then slide the traction pin 4 vertically to make the traction Pin 4 passes through the jack on the traction bolt 3 and the traction rod 5 successively, realizes the connection with the traction rod 5, and can pull the traction rod 5 to travel together. During driving and transportation, the drawbar 5 can rotate relative to the draw pin 4, and then during the turning process of the tractor, the trailer can also swing adaptively relative to the tractor.

With the development of technology, the towing process (the process of pulling the drawbar 5 to the drawbolt 3 and inserting the end of the drawbar 5 into the installation hole 6, and then inserting the drawpin 4 into the drawbolt 3 and drawbar 5) It has been gradually realized that autonomous towing replaces manual towing. Specifically, the autonomous towing process is as follows: lift the traction pin 4 through electric equipment, lift the traction bar 5 of the trailer to the height corresponding to the traction bolt 3, then reverse the tractor to the position of the traction bar 5, and change the position by moving the tractor. position, so that the tow rod 5 is aligned with the installation hole 6 and inserted into the installation hole 6, and then the electric device lowers the tow pin 4 to complete the coupling.

In the above process, since the traction bolt 3 is fixedly installed, and the height of the traction bolt 3 needs to meet the requirements of the departure angle of the vehicle, the distance from the ground to the traction bolt 3 is usually relatively high. When the corresponding height of the traction bolt 3 is reached, it is necessary to lift the traction rod 5 to a higher height through the relevant lifting equipment, the cost is high, and the installation and disassembly of the lifting equipment are relatively troublesome, and in the actual application process, the part of the civil aviation airport The design of the drawbar 5 of the trailer equipment cannot meet the higher lifting height requirements. In addition, the electric device drives the traction pin 4 to slide vertically, and the traction pin 4 needs to slide upwards to disengage from the traction bolt 3, which leads to the need to reserve the vertical activity space of the traction pin 4 and the installation space of the electric equipment for the overall equipment, which leads to the The height is high, exceeding the vehicle standard requirements of some tractors.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a towing device and a tractor to solve the fixed setting of the traction bolt. It is necessary to raise the traction bar to a higher height, resulting in higher cost, and in the actual application process, civil aviation The drawbar design of some trailer equipment at the airport cannot meet the high lifting height requirements.

According to the embodiments of the present invention, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

The towing device includes a towing bolt, a towing pin located above the towing bolt, and a mounting plate for installing the towing bolt and the towing pin. The mounting plate is used to connect with the tractor, and the towing bolt is provided with a horizontal towing bar for the trailer. Inserted into the installation hole, the upper end of the traction bolt is provided with a first socket for plugging and matching with the traction pin, the first socket communicates with the installation hole, the traction bolt is vertically slid and connected to the mounting plate, and the mounting plate is provided with a The lifting mechanism that drives the traction bolt up and down.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

In this scheme, the lifting mechanism drives the traction bolt to perform vertical lifting movement to realize the requirement of disconnection or insertion of the traction bolt and the traction pin. Compared with the fixed traction bolt in the prior art, the traction bolt in this scheme can be lowered To a lower position, even as close to the ground as possible, the end of the tow bar of the trailer only needs to be lifted to a lower height to match the height of the tow hitch to complete the hitch, and the tow bar is lifted to a lower height, then It can be easily realized without specially setting up lifting equipment for lifting, which reduces costs, and can meet the autonomous towing requirements when the tow bar design of some trailer equipment in civil aviation airports can only be lowered from the ground, and it is convenient to complete the tractor and Trailer hitch. While driving, the towing bolt can also be raised to a height that meets the specifications of the tractor.

In addition, the lifting of the traction pin in the prior art is replaced by the lifting of the traction pin, and the lifting space of the traction pin is located below the traction pin, which will not affect the height of the overall trailer. Under the premise of meeting the height of the overall trailer , to meet the demand for autonomous towing when the distance between the tow bar and the ground is low.

Further, a reinforcement plate is provided below the traction bolt, and first jacks are also provided on the lower end of the traction bolt and the reinforcement plate, and the upper end of the traction bolt, the lower end of the traction bolt and the first jacks on the reinforcement plate overlap vertically; the reinforcement plate and the traction The lower end of the bolt is connected, and when the traction bolt is lifted to the highest point under the action of the lifting mechanism, the lower end of the traction pin is inserted into the first socket of the reinforcing plate, and the reinforcing plate is connected to the mounting plate.

Beneficial effects: the reinforcing plate is connected to the mounting plate, and when the traction pin is inserted into the first socket on the reinforcing plate, the pulling force of the traction bar of the trailer received by the traction pin during the driving of the tractor can be transmitted to the mounting plate through the reinforcing plate, Then it is transmitted to the tractor, then the force can be shared by the tractor, and the effect of the force on the traction bolt can be reduced, thereby avoiding the problem that the movable set traction bolt is subjected to a large force and causes damage.

Further, a first horizontal plate and a second horizontal plate are fixed on the mounting plate, and the first horizontal plate and the second horizontal plate are distributed vertically, and a traction bar for the trailer is also formed between the first horizontal plate and the second horizontal plate. The installation space; the first horizontal plate and the second horizontal plate are provided with a second socket for the insertion of the traction pin, and the first locking member for locking the traction pin is installed on the first horizontal plate.

Beneficial effects: This scheme provides a manual towing method, that is, manually slide the traction pin upward to remove it, then insert the traction bar between the first horizontal plate and the second horizontal plate, and then reinsert the traction pin In the second socket on the first horizontal plate and the second horizontal plate, the traction pin is locked by the first locking member, so as to realize manual towing without applying to the traction bolt, lifting mechanism and the like. On the premise that the towing device can realize independent towing and towing, the manual towing and towing method is reserved for emergency needs.

Further, a detection assembly for detecting the docking state of the tow bar of the trailer and the mounting hole is installed in the mounting hole.

Beneficial effects: When the tow bar is docked with the mounting hole, the staff needs to drive the tractor to reverse or drive the tractor to move the position back and forth so that the mounting hole can be aligned with the tow bar. By detecting the setting of the component, when the tow bar is inserted into the mounting hole After that, the tow bar is docked with the installation hole, and the staff can stop the movement of the tractor and start to hook the tow pin and the tow bolt.

Further, the detection assembly includes a limit switch slidably connected in the installation hole axially along the installation hole, and a driving member for driving the limit switch to slide.

Beneficial effects: the limit switch detects the docking state of the drawbar and the installation hole, and when the drawbar touches the limit switch, the limit switch can be triggered, thereby reminding the staff to stop the movement of the tractor.

However, since the lower position of the traction bolt is lower during docking, the free end of the traction rod is mostly inclined downward at this time. When the traction rod moves upward with the traction bolt, the traction rod will also move along the axis of the installation hole. To further insert into the installation hole, in order to avoid damage to the limit switch caused by the drawbar pressing against the limit switch in this process, the limit switch is designed to slide in the installation hole in this scheme, and the sliding limit switch can be activated after the limit switch is triggered. The limit switch moves away from the drawbar to reduce the collision between the drawbar and the limit switch.

Further, the detection assembly also includes a slider and a limit plate that are slidably connected in the mounting hole, the limit switch is installed on the slider, a first elastic member is installed between the limit plate and the slider, and one side of the limit plate faces The limit switch is also used to trigger the limit switch, and the other side of the limit plate faces the opening of the mounting hole and is used for contacting with the tow bar of the trailer.

Beneficial effect: after the traction rod is inserted into the mounting hole, it first contacts the limit plate and pushes the limit plate to slide, the first elastic member is compressed, the limit plate approaches the limit switch and triggers the limit switch. In this solution, the limit switch and the drawbar are separated by the limit plate, and through the setting of the first elastic member, there may be a certain gap between the limit switch and the limit plate in the non-triggered state, further protecting the limit Limit switch to avoid damage to the limit switch caused by collision.

Further, the driver includes a push rod for pushing the slider to slide, one end of the push rod is hinged on the slider, the other end of the push rod is hinged to a push block, the push block is vertically slidable, and the lifting mechanism is also used to drive the push block vertically. lift.

Beneficial effects: the push block slides vertically to drive the push rod to deflect, forming a link mechanism to drive the slide block to slide horizontally. Specifically, the push block drives one end of the push rod to move downward, and the other end of the push rod pushes the slider to move closer to the draw bar. Correspondingly, the push block drives one end of the push rod to move upward, and the other end of the push rod drives the slider to move away Movement in the direction of the drawbar.

The lifting mechanism drives the vertical movement of the push block while driving the traction bolt vertically. The structure is simple and the synchronous operation is realized.

Further, the lifting mechanism includes a lifting block fixed on the upper end of the traction bolt and a lifting rod connected to the lifting block, and the lifting rod is vertically slidably connected to the mounting plate; a vertical strip groove is provided on the lifting block, and the lower end of the lifting rod slides Connected in the strip groove, the lifting rod and the push block are fixedly connected; a chute for the traction bolt to slide is opened on the mounting plate, and the bottom of the chute is closed.

Beneficial effect: when the bottom of the chute is closed, when the traction bolt slides to the bottom of the chute, the traction bolt cannot continue to slide down. At this time, the lifting rod continues to slide down, and the lifting block can slide in the bar-shaped groove, thereby driving the push block Vertical movement, depending on the model of the trailer, the initial position of the drawbar inserted into the installation hole is different, you can control the movement distance of the limit switch driven by the slider in the installation hole by controlling the height of the lifting block sliding in the bar groove .

After the docking is completed, the lifting rod slides upwards to reset, and first slides up relative to the lifting block. When the lower end of the lifting rod slides up to the top of the bar groove, the lifting rod continues to slide up, and the traction bolt can be synchronously driven to slide up and reset.

Further, the traction bolt includes an upper guide plate, a lower guide plate and a side guide plate connected between the upper guide plate and the lower guide plate, and the side guide plate is provided with two pieces, the upper guide plate, the lower guide plate and two side guide plates A mounting hole is formed around it; the mounting hole includes a mounting portion and a guiding portion, the guiding portion is in the shape of a prism, and the end of the guiding portion facing away from the mounting portion is a flaring end.

Beneficial effect: through the setting of the guide part, the flaring end of the guide part faces the drawbar, and the drawbar can be guided by the guide part when inserted into the installation hole, which makes it easier to butt the drawbar into the installation hole.

Further, the side guide plate includes a fixed part and a movable part, the fixed part is fixed between the upper guide plate and the lower guide plate, the movable part is hinged on the fixed part, and a second locking piece for locking the movable part is installed on the fixed part.

Beneficial effect: during the docking process of the drawbar and the drawbolt, the movable part is locked by the second locking member, so that the side guide plate can provide guidance for inserting the drawbar into the installation hole. After the towing is completed, the locking of the movable part by the second locking member is released, and the movable part can be deflected relative to the fixed part. It deflects without impeding the movement of the drawbar.

Further, the end of the movable part is fixed with a articulated rod, which is rotatably connected to the fixed part, and the second locking member includes a limit rod for clamping and limiting the articulated rod, and the limit rod is slidably connected to the fixed part along the lateral direction. On; the hinge rod or the movable part is provided with a limit part for the limit rod to snap into.

Beneficial effect: by sliding the limit rod, when the limit rod is locked into the limit part, the deflection of the movable part is restricted, and when the limit rod breaks away from the limit part, the deflection of the movable part will not be hindered, and the movement part is controlled. Lock or release.

Further, a second elastic member is fixed between the limiting rod and the fixing part, a limiting block is fixed on the limiting rod, and a slot for clamping the limiting block is opened on the slider.

Beneficial effects: when the traction bolt is lowered to the required height, the slider drives the limit switch to slide in the installation hole. At this time, the slot on the slider loosens the restriction on the limit block, and the limit rod is controlled by the second elastic force. The elastic restoring force of the part slides out on the fixed part and blocks the movable part or the hinged rod. After the draw bar and the draw bolt are docked, the slider drives the limit switch to move away from the draw bar. When the slot on the slider blocks the limit block, it drives the limit block to slide at the same time, so that the limit bar is released. On locking of the movable part or hinged lever, the second elastic member is compressed.

In this solution, while the slider drives the limit switch to slide, it realizes the restriction or release of the limit rod, so that the limit rod can lock or release the hinge rod synchronously. The structure is simple and can be operated synchronously.

Further, a torsion spring is installed between the hinged rod and the fixed part.

Beneficial effects: during the steering process of the tractor, the movable part receives the force of the drawbar, and rotates with the hinged rod relative to the fixed part, driving the torsion spring to move and store energy. After the trailer is also turned, the force given to the movable part by the drawbar disappears, and the torsion The spring can drive the hinge rod to rotate and reset, that is, to drive the movable part to rotate and reset.

According to the embodiments of the present invention, the present invention also adopts the following technical solutions:

Tractors, including hitches.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a trailer device in the background technology of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the trailer device in Fig. 2 .

Fig. 4 is a side view of the pulling bolt of the trailer device in a lifted state.

Fig. 5 is a side view of the lowering state of the towing bolt of the trailer.

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the state of manual towing in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the state of manual towing in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a front view of the traction pin in a locked state in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the state where the traction bolt is at the highest point in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the state where the traction bolt is at the lowest point in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

Fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of the initial state of the limit switch in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.

Fig. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of the push-out state of the limit switch in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.

Fig. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of the trigger state of the limit switch in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.

Fig. 14 is a top view of the locked state of the movable part of the side guide plate of the traction bolt according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.

Fig. 15 is an enlarged view of part a in Fig. 14 .

Fig. 16 is a top view of the deflected state of the movable part of the side guide plate of the traction bolt in Embodiment 5 of the present invention.

Fig. 17 is an enlarged view of part b in Fig. 16 .

In the figure: 1. tractor; 2. trailer; 3. traction bolt; 4. traction pin; 5. drawbar; 6. installation hole; 7. installation plate; 8. installation part; 9. guide part; 10. Ring; 11. First horizontal plate; 12. Second horizontal plate; 13. Lifting block; 14. Strip groove; 15. Lifting rod; 16. Pin; 17. Electromagnet; 18. Through hole; 19 , push rod; 20, push block; 21, slider; 22, first spring; 23, limit plate; 24, limit switch; 25, reinforcement plate; 26, connecting pin; 27, connecting rod; 28, the first 1 jack; 29, connecting hole; 30, movable part; 31, fixed part; 32, side guide plate; 33, lower guide plate; 34, limit rod; Bit block; 38, the second spring; 39, hinge rod; 40, projection.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in further detail below in combination with the accompanying drawings, and specific implementation methods will be given.

Example 1

As shown in Figures 2 and 3, the tractor includes a vehicle body and a trailer device 2 installed on the vehicle body. The trailer device 2 includes a mounting plate 7, which is connected to the vehicle body. The connection method between the mounting plate 7 and the vehicle body It can be integrally formed or welded or other fixing methods in the prior art.

The towing device 2 also includes a traction bolt 3 and a traction pin 4 located above the traction bolt 3. Both the traction bolt 3 and the traction pin 4 are installed on the mounting plate 7. Specifically, in this embodiment, combined with the traction pin 4 shown in FIG. , the traction bolt 3 is vertically slidably connected to the mounting plate 7, and the mounting plate 7 is provided with a lifting mechanism for driving the traction bolt 3 to lift. The upper cylinder, the output shaft of the cylinder and the elevating rod 15 are fixed. The upper end of the traction bolt 3 is fixed with a slide bar, and the mounting plate 7 is provided with a chute for sliding the upper end of the slide bar. The lower end of the chute is closed. height, the traction bolt 3 can also be kept connected with the mounting plate 7 through the slide bar, and then the lower end of the mounting plate 7 can be set to a certain height without considering the sliding distance of the traction bolt 3, so as to avoid the distance from the ground at the lower end of the mounting plate 7 It affects the requirement of the vehicle departure angle of the tractor 1, and through the closed setting of the lower end of the chute, when the slide bar slides to the bottom of the chute, it is the minimum height at which the traction bolt 3 can be lowered. In this embodiment, the traction pin 4 is fixed on the mounting plate 7 , specifically, the mounting plate 7 is fixed with a first horizontal plate 11 , and the traction pin 4 is fixed on the first horizontal plate 11 .

The traction bolt 3 is provided with a horizontal installation hole 6 for the insertion of the traction rod 5 of the trailer. The upper end of the traction bolt 3 is provided with a first socket 28 for plugging and matching with the traction pin 4. The first socket 28 and the installation hole 6 connected.

During specific use, the lifting rod 15 is driven by the cylinder to slide down, and the lifting rod 15 drives the traction bolt 3 to slide down, and the traction bolt 3 is lowered to the lowest height that can be lowered, that is, the slide bar moves to the bottom of the chute, as shown in Figure 5. Then the free end of the drawbar 5 of the trailer is lifted to the corresponding height, that is, the height consistent with the installation hole 6 of the drawbolt 3, and the drawbar 5 is supported by objects such as stones and blocks, because the drawbar 5 only needs to be lifted From a lower height, it is easy to find corresponding stones, wood and other objects for support.

The staff drives the tractor 1 to reverse, so that the traction bolt 3 moves toward the direction close to the drawbar 5, and the staff drives the tractor 1 to move back and forth, so that the installation hole 6 of the traction bolt 3 is aligned with the drawbar 5, and the end of the drawbar 5 is can be inserted into the mounting hole 6. Then stop reversing, lift the lifting rod 15 upwards by the cylinder, the lifting rod 15 drives the traction bolt 3 to slide, and the traction bolt 3 drives the traction rod 5 ends in the mounting hole 6 to slide up. During the sliding process, the traction pin 4 lower end gradually Pass through the first socket 28 on the upper end of the traction bolt 3, and then pass through the socket at the end of the traction rod 5 to complete the hooking, as shown in Figure 4.

Example 2

The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is: in this embodiment, the traction pin 4 is not directly fixed on the mounting plate 7 . Specifically, as shown in Figures 6 and 7, a second horizontal plate 12 is also fixed on the mounting plate 7, the first horizontal plate 11 and the second horizontal plate 12 are vertically distributed, and the second horizontal plate 12 is located on the first horizontal plate 11, and between the first horizontal plate 11 and the second horizontal plate 12, an installation space for the insertion of the drawbar 5 of the trailer is also formed.

Both the first horizontal plate 11 and the second horizontal plate 12 are provided with a second socket for the insertion of the traction pin 4, and the first horizontal plate 11 is equipped with a first locking member for locking the traction pin 4, specifically, the traction pin 4. A circular ring 10 is fixed on the upper end. The first locking member is used to pass through the circular ring 10 and limit the vertical movement of the traction pin 4. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. The bolt 16 on the first horizontal plate 11 and the electromagnet 17 fixed on the first horizontal plate 11, the bolt 16 is used to pass through the ring 10, and the bolt 16 is made of a magnetic material or is made of an iron material. When the electromagnet 17 starts, the magnetic force produced attracts the fixed bolt 16, and the bolt 16 can be fixed by electromagnetic action.

During specific use, under the independent drag mode of embodiment 1, the electromagnet 17 is in the long-term start state, that is, the latch 16 is inserted into the ring 10 and fixed on the electromagnet 17 by electromagnetic action, and the traction pin 4 is in the long-term locked state. When in an emergency situation, it is not convenient to independently tow and tow, close the electromagnet 17, and slide the latch 16, so that the latch 16 is separated from the ring 10, and the traction pin 4 is no longer locked. At this time, the traction pin 4 can be slid upwards manually to take off. The status is shown in Figure 6. Then the draw bar 5 is inserted between the first cross plate 11 and the second cross plate 12, and then the traction pin 4 is reinserted in the second socket on the first cross plate 11 and the second cross plate 12, as shown 7, and lock the traction pin 4 through the latch 16, and then realize manual towing, without applying to the traction bolt 3, lifting mechanism, etc. That is to say, in this solution, on the premise that the towing device 2 can realize autonomous towing and towing, the manual towing and towing method is reserved for emergency use.

Example 3

In this embodiment, on the basis of Embodiment 1, as shown in Figure 9 and Figure 10, a reinforcement plate 25 is provided below the traction bolt 3, and the reinforcement plate 25 is connected to the mounting plate 7, and the lower end of the traction bolt 3 and the reinforcement plate 25 are also arranged A first insertion hole 28 is opened, and the upper end of the traction bolt 3 , the lower end of the traction bolt 3 and the first insertion hole 28 on the reinforcing plate 25 overlap vertically. The reinforcement plate 25 is connected to the lower end of the traction bolt 3, and when the traction bolt 3 is lifted to the highest point under the action of the lifting mechanism, the lower end of the traction pin 4 is inserted into the first socket 28 of the reinforcement plate 25. The end of the reinforcement plate 25 is provided with a connecting hole 29, and the lower end of the mounting plate 7 is fixed with a connecting pin 26 for inserting into the connecting hole 29. When the traction bolt 3 is lowered to the lowest point, the reinforcing plate 25 is also separated from the mounting plate 7, as shown in the figure 10 shows the state. When the traction bolt 3 is raised to the highest point, the connecting hole 29 on the reinforcing plate 25 and the connecting pin 26 on the mounting plate 7 are in a plug-fit state, as shown in FIG. 9 .

In actual use, the first insertion hole 28 on the traction bolt 3 is marked as the first insertion hole A, and the first insertion hole 28 on the reinforcing plate 25 is marked as the first insertion hole B. The inner diameter of the first insertion hole A If it is larger than the inner diameter of the first insertion hole B, the traction pin 4 and the first insertion hole A on the traction bolt 3 are not in direct contact, and the force will not be transmitted to the traction bolt 3. At the same time, the second transverse plate 12 is arranged on the traction bolt 3 Above the bolt 3, the second transverse plate 12 also bears the force, and the force of the traction pin 4 is carried by the second transverse plate 12 and the reinforcement plate 25, and the force is transmitted to the mounting plate 7, and then to the traction pin 4. On the car 1, the force is shared by the tractor 1, thereby avoiding the problem that the movable set traction bolt 3 is subjected to a large force and causes damage.

In order to prevent the reinforcing plate 25 from transmitting the force to the lower end of the traction bolt 3, the specific connection mode of the reinforcing plate 25 and the lower end of the traction bolt 3 is: the upper end of the reinforcing plate 25 is hinged with a connecting rod 27, and the upper end of the connecting rod 27 is hinged on the traction bolt. Bolt 3 lower end, and connecting rod 27 selects materials such as flexible plastics to make, when reinforcing plate 25 is subjected to the power of traction bolt 3, because connecting rod 27 can deflect or deform, then the power that then transmits to traction bolt 3 reduces greatly.

Example 4

In this embodiment, on the basis of Embodiment 1, a detection assembly for detecting the docking state of the drawbar 5 of the trailer and the installation hole 6 is installed in the installation hole 6. In actual use, the detection assembly can be installed in the installation hole 6. Distance sensor or photoelectric switch etc., judge whether tow bar 5 is inserted in the installation hole 6 by distance sensor or photoelectric switch, as long as can realize detecting whether there is object to enter in the installation hole 6 and get final product.

In this embodiment, as shown in Fig. 11, Fig. 12 and Fig. 13, the detection assembly includes a slider 21, a limit switch 24 and a limit plate 23 which are slidably connected in the installation hole 6 along the axial direction of the installation hole 6, and the limit switch 24 The switch 24 is a switch triggered by pressure in the prior art. The limit switch 24 is fixed on the slider 21. A first elastic member is installed between the limit plate 23 and the slider 21. The first elastic member is the first spring 22. , that is, the two ends of the first spring 22 are respectively fixed to the limit plate 23 and the slider 21, one side of the limit plate 23 faces the limit switch 24 and is used to trigger the limit switch 24, and the other side of the limit plate 23 faces the installation hole 6 and is used to contact the tow bar 5 of the trailer.

The detection assembly also includes a driver for driving the limit switch 24 to slide. The driver includes a push rod 19 for pushing the slider 21 to slide. One end of the push rod 19 is hinged on the slider 21, and the other end of the push rod 19 is hinged with a push Block 20, the push block 20 is vertically slidably arranged, and the lifting mechanism is also used to drive the push block 20 to lift vertically. As shown in FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 , the second horizontal plate 12 is provided with a through hole 18 for the lifting block 13 and the pushing block 20 to pass through. Through the design of the through hole 18, the pushing block 20 is prevented from being hindered during the vertical movement.

The difference between this implementation and Embodiment 1 is that the design of the lifting mechanism is different. Specifically, the lifting rod 15 is not directly fixed on the traction bolt 3, but the lifting rod 15 is vertically slidably connected to the mounting plate 7, and the lifting mechanism also includes a lifting block 13 fixed on the upper end of the traction bolt 3, and the lifting block 13 is provided with a vertical To the bar-shaped groove 14, the lower end of the elevating rod 15 is slidably connected in the bar-shaped groove 14, and the elevating rod 15 and the push block 20 are fixedly connected.

During specific use, during the initial state, the traction bolt 3 is subjected to its own gravity, so that the lower end of the lifting rod 15 is positioned at the top of the bar groove 14, and the cylinder is activated. There is an upward pulling effect, and the traction bolt 3 slides down thereupon under the effect of gravity. When the slide bar slides down to the bottom of the chute, the traction bolt 3 is also lowered to the lowest point, as shown in Figure 11. Now continue to slide down the lifting rod 15, the lifting rod 15 slides in the bar groove 14 relative to the lifting block 13, and then drives the push block 20 to slide down, and the push block 20 drives one end of the push rod 19 to move downward, and the other end of the push rod 19 then promotes the slide. The block 21 moves toward the opening direction near the mounting hole 6, and the limit switch 24 is pushed out, as shown in Figure 12. According to the different models of the trailer, the distance that the lifting rod 15 slides relative to the lifting block 13 can be set to control the limit switch. The distance that bit switch 24 is released.

Then start to dock the traction bolt 3 and the traction rod 5. After the traction rod 5 is inserted into the mounting hole 6, it first contacts with the limit plate 23 and pushes the limit plate 23 to slide. The first spring 22 is compressed, and the limit plate 23 is close to the limit plate. Bit switch 24 and trigger limit switch 24, state as shown in Figure 13. After the limit switch 24 is triggered, remind the staff that the draw bar 5 has been inserted in the mounting hole 6, stop reversing, and start the lifting mechanism to promote the draw bolt 3. Elevating rod 15 slides upwards and resets, first slides up relative to elevating block 13, can drive limit switch 24 to move away from draw bar 5 directions and resets. When the lower end of the elevating rod 15 slides up to the top of the strip groove 14, the elevating rod 15 continues to slide up, so that the traction bolt 3 can be driven synchronously to slide and reset, and the connection is completed.

Example 5

In this embodiment, on the basis of Embodiment 1, as shown in Fig. 14, Fig. 15, Fig. 16, and Fig. 17, the traction bolt 3 includes an upper guide plate, a lower guide plate 33 and a link between the upper guide plate and the lower guide plate 33. There are two side guide plates 32 in between, the side guide plates 32 are provided with two pieces, the upper guide plate, the lower guide plate 33 and the two side guide plates 32 surround the mounting hole 6 . The mounting hole 6 includes a mounting portion 8 and a guide portion 9. The guide portion 9 is truncated and the end of the guide portion 9 facing away from the mounting portion 8 is a flaring end. When the rod 5 is inserted into the installation hole 6 , it can be guided by the guide part 9 , which makes it easier to dock the drawbar 5 and insert it into the installation hole 6 .

The side guide plate 32 includes a fixed part 31 and a movable part 30, the fixed part 31 is fixed between the upper guide plate and the lower guide plate 33, the end of the movable part 30 is fixed with a hinged rod 39, and the hinged rod 39 is rotatably connected to the fixed part 31 Above, the axis of the hinge rod 39 is perpendicular to the axis of the mounting hole 6, the movable part 30 can be deflected relative to the fixed part 31, and a torsion spring is installed between the hinge rod 39 and the fixed part 31, and the force on the movable part 30 can be relative to the fixed part. 31 is deflected, and when the movable part 30 is no longer under force, it can rotate and reset by itself relying on the action of the torsion spring.

The second locking member for locking the hinged rod 39 is also installed on the fixed portion 31. When the second locking member locks the hinged rod 39, the hinged rod 39 cannot rotate relative to the fixed portion 31, and when the second locking member releases the hinged rod 39 , the hinge rod 39 can drive the movable part 30 to rotate relative to the fixed part 31 . Specifically, the second locking member includes a limit rod 34 for clamping and limiting the hinge rod 39. The limit rod 34 is slidably connected to the fixed part 31 along the lateral direction, and the hinge rod 39 or the movable part 30 is provided with a limiter. The limiting part where the position rod 34 snaps in. In this embodiment, the end of the movable part 30 is fixed with a bump 40, and the movable part 30 is located at the bump 40 to form a limit gap for the limit rod 34 to snap in, that is The limiting part is a limiting notch, and the limiting notch faces the inside of the mounting hole 6 . In this embodiment, on the basis of Embodiment 4, a second elastic member is fixed between the limiting rod 34 and the fixed part 31, the second elastic member is selected from the second spring 38, and the limiting block 37 is fixed on the limiting rod 34 to slide The block 21 is provided with a slot 35 for locking the limiting block 37 . Specifically, the slider 21 is fixed with a block 36 , and the side of the block 36 facing the second spring 38 is provided with a slot 35 .

During specific use, when the traction bolt 3 is lowered to the desired height, the elevating rod 15 continues to slide down, so that the slider 21 drives the limit switch 24 to slide in the mounting hole 6, and at this time, the locking groove 35 on the slider 21 is released. For the limit of the limit block 37, the limit rod 34 is subjected to the elastic restoration force of the second elastic member to slide out on the fixed part 31, and the end of the limit rod 34 is inserted into the limit gap, thereby limiting the movable part 30. The free end deflects outward, as shown in Figure 14 and Figure 15. At this time, the upper guide plate, the lower guide plate 33 and the side guide plate 32 jointly surround and form the installation hole 6 for the insertion and docking of the drawbar 5 .

After the drawbar 5 is inserted into the mounting hole 6, the slider 21 drives the limit switch 24 to move away from the drawbar 5, and when the slot 35 on the slider 21 moves to block the stopper 37, the stopper 37 is driven to move at the same time. Sliding, so that the stop rod 34 loosens the locking of the hinge rod 39, and the second spring 38 is compressed. At this time, the stop rod 34 releases the restriction on the movable part 30, and the movable part 30 can be deflected relative to the fixed part 31, then in During the steering process of the tractor 1, when the drawbar 5 deflects to the side of the drawbolt 3, the movable part 30 can deflect accordingly without hindering the movement of the drawbar 5, as shown in Fig. 16 and Fig. 17 .

It should be noted that in this article, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply that there is a relationship between these entities or operations. There is no such actual relationship or order between them. Furthermore, the term "comprises", "comprises" or any other variation thereof is intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion such that a process, method, article, or apparatus comprising a set of elements includes not only those elements, but also includes elements not expressly listed. other elements of or also include elements inherent in such a process, method, article, or device.

Finally, it is noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention without limitation. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be carried out Modifications or equivalent replacements without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention shall be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims (14)

1. The traction bolt comprises a traction bolt, a traction pin arranged above the traction bolt and a mounting plate for mounting the traction bolt and the traction pin, wherein the mounting plate is used for being connected with a tractor, a transverse installation hole for inserting a traction rod of a trailer is formed in the traction bolt, a first jack for being in plug-in fit with the traction pin is formed in the upper end of the traction bolt, and the traction bolt is communicated with the installation hole and is characterized in that: the traction bolt is vertically connected to the mounting plate in a sliding manner, and a lifting mechanism for driving the traction bolt to lift is arranged on the mounting plate.

2. A hitch as claimed in claim 1, in which: a reinforcing plate is arranged below the traction bolt, the lower end of the traction bolt and the reinforcing plate are also provided with first jacks, and the upper end of the traction bolt, the lower end of the traction bolt and the first jacks on the reinforcing plate are vertically overlapped; the reinforcing plate is connected with the lower end of the traction bolt, when the traction bolt is lifted to the highest point under the action of the lifting mechanism, the lower end of the traction pin is inserted into the first jack of the reinforcing plate, and the reinforcing plate is connected with the mounting plate.

3. A hitch as claimed in claim 1, in which: the first transverse plate and the second transverse plate are vertically distributed, and an installation space for inserting a traction rod of the trailer is formed between the first transverse plate and the second transverse plate; the first transverse plate and the second transverse plate are respectively provided with a second jack for inserting the traction pin, and the first transverse plate is provided with a first locking piece for locking the traction pin.

4. A hitch according to any one of claims 1-3, in which: and a detection assembly for detecting the butt joint state of the traction rod and the mounting hole of the trailer is arranged in the mounting hole.

5. A hitch as claimed in claim 4, in which: the detection assembly comprises a limit switch which is axially and slidably connected in the mounting hole along the mounting hole, and a driving piece for driving the limit switch to slide.

6. A hitch as claimed in claim 5, in which: the detection assembly further comprises a sliding block and a limiting plate which are connected in the mounting hole in a sliding mode, the limiting switch is mounted on the sliding block, a first elastic piece is mounted between the limiting plate and the sliding block, one side of the limiting plate faces the limiting switch and is used for triggering the limiting switch, and the other side of the limiting plate faces the opening of the mounting hole and is used for being in contact with a traction rod of a trailer.

7. A hitch as claimed in claim 6, in which: the driving piece comprises a push rod for pushing the sliding block to slide, one end of the push rod is hinged to the sliding block, the other end of the push rod is hinged to the push block, the push block vertically slides, and the lifting mechanism is also used for driving the push block to vertically lift.

8. A hitch as claimed in claim 7, in which: the lifting mechanism comprises a lifting block fixed at the upper end of the traction bolt and a lifting rod connected to the lifting block, and the lifting rod is vertically and slidably connected to the mounting plate; the lifting block is provided with a vertical bar-shaped groove, the lower end of the lifting rod is connected in the bar-shaped groove in a sliding way, and the lifting rod is fixedly connected with the pushing block; the mounting plate is provided with a chute for the traction bolt to slide, and the bottom of the chute is closed.

9. A hitch as claimed in claim 6, in which: the traction bolt comprises an upper guide plate, a lower guide plate and two side guide plates connected between the upper guide plate and the lower guide plate, wherein the two side guide plates are arranged, and the upper guide plate, the lower guide plate and the two side guide plates are surrounded to form a mounting hole; the mounting hole comprises a mounting part and a guide part, wherein the guide part is in a prismatic table shape, and one end of the guide part, which is opposite to the mounting part, is a flaring end.

10. A hitch as claimed in claim 9, in which: the side guide plate comprises a fixed part and a movable part, the fixed part is fixed between the upper guide plate and the lower guide plate, the movable part is hinged on the fixed part, and a second locking piece for locking the movable part is further arranged on the fixed part.

11. A hitch as claimed in claim 10, in which: the end part of the movable part is fixedly provided with a hinge rod, the hinge rod is rotatably connected to the fixed part, the second locking piece comprises a limiting rod for limiting the hinge rod in a clamping way, and the limiting rod is transversely and slidably connected to the fixed part; the hinge rod or the movable part is provided with a limiting part for clamping the limiting rod in.

12. A hitch as claimed in claim 11, in which: a second elastic piece is fixed between the limiting rod and the fixing part, a limiting block is fixed on the limiting rod, and a clamping groove for clamping the limiting block is formed in the sliding block.

13. A hitch as claimed in claim 10, in which: and a torsion spring is arranged between the hinging rod and the fixing part.

14. Tractor, its characterized in that: a hitch as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 13.

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