CN116267293A - Lighting method capable of improving plant yield and quality - Google Patents
Lighting method capable of improving plant yield and quality Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01G7/045—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth with electric lighting
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural intelligent scientific planting, in particular to an illumination method capable of improving plant yield and quality; the method comprises the steps of firstly establishing a target plant model and a plant growth frame model, leading in the model, then setting lamps, calculating the optimal beam angles of the light supplementing illumination on two sides of the target plant model through optical simulation software, and setting the illumination angles of the side light supplementing lamps according to the optimal beam angles; the invention takes the top illumination condition as the main part, supplements proper side symmetrical light intensity and light quality and adjusts the light space distribution in the picking period and the maturing period under the set environment with reasonable light period, improves the total area of the received light of the plant leaf surface, reduces the light saturation point of the photosynthesis of the plant canopy, and effectively improves the photosynthesis efficiency and the light energy utilization rate of the plant.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural intelligent scientific planting, in particular to an illumination method capable of improving plant yield and quality.
Background
The plant growth is not separated from proper light, temperature, humidity, water, air and nutrients, along with the development of deep-flow technology (DFT, deep Flow Technique), nutrient solution model technology (NFT, nutrient Film Technique) and other water culture modes, and the continuous improvement of water culture nutrient solution formulas (mainly Hoagland nutrient solution formulas, japanese mountain and round formulas and the like), under the rapid development of modern agricultural facilities, the environment and influencing factors of the plant growth can be well controlled manually, especially under the modern plant growth controllable environment facilities such as plant factories and the like, and the integration of water and fertilizer, the temperature and humidity and CO in the air 2 The concentration can be precisely controlled, and artificial illumination is an important influencing and changing factor.
Light is an indispensable factor for plant growth, different light quality, light intensity, photoperiod and spatial distribution of light have great influence on plants, and red light (wavelength range of 640nm-780 nm) generally shows inhibition of internode elongation of plants, promotion of tillering and increase accumulation of substances such as chlorophyll, carotenoid and soluble sugar; blue light (with the wavelength range of 400-480 nm) can obviously shorten the internode distance of vegetables, promote the transverse extension of the vegetables and reduce the leaf area, and simultaneously, the blue light can promote the accumulation of plant secondary metabolites; green light (wavelength range 492nm-577 nm) can increase the penetration between the crowns, etc.
Different plants have different light saturation points, the light intensity required by the yin-living plants is lower, the light intensity required by the yang-living plants is higher, the photosynthesis rate of the canopy of the plants continuously rises along with the increase of the light intensity, the photosynthesis saturation points are not easy to appear, the phenomenon is mainly caused by uneven light distribution of the canopy of the plants, the horizontal and vertical Photosynthesis Photon Flux Density (PPFD) of the plants are not uniformly distributed, the photosynthesis photon flux density at the top of the canopy is higher generally, and the side and the inside of the canopy are lower; therefore, the illumination mode and the illumination factor changes such as the illumination intensity, the illumination quality, the photoperiod, the light space distribution and the like play a key role in the growth of plants.
At present, under the full-control environmental conditions of plant factories and the like, artificial illumination is usually carried out in a top illumination mode, as plants have certain planting density and height, only leaves on the top surface of the plants can be illuminated by the top illumination, and the side surfaces and the inner leaves are not illuminated basically, so that the photosynthesis rate and the light energy utilization rate of plant canopy are lower, and the product, quality and plant consistency of the plants are reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly solves the technical problem of providing an illumination method capable of improving plant yield and quality, which mainly uses top illumination conditions, supplements proper side symmetric light intensity, light quality and adjusts light space distribution in a picking period and a maturing period under a set environment with reasonable light period, improves the total area of light received by plant leaves, reduces the light saturation point of photosynthesis of plant canopy, effectively improves the photosynthesis efficiency and the light energy utilization rate of plants, shortens the growth period of leaf vegetables, and realizes high planting quality, high yield and high benefit.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts a technical scheme that: an illumination method capable of improving plant yield and quality is provided, wherein the illumination method comprises the following steps:
s1, establishing a target plant model and a plant growth frame model;
s2, importing a model, namely importing the built target plant model and the plant growth frame model into optical simulation software;
s3, arranging lamps, namely arranging a top illumination lamp at the top of the plant growth frame model, and symmetrically arranging side light supplementing lamps at two side edges of the plant growth frame model;
s4, calculating an optimal beam angle, and calculating the optimal beam angles of the light supplement illumination on two sides of the target plant model through optical simulation software;
and S5, optimizing the lateral light supplement, and setting the irradiation angle of the lateral light supplement lamp according to the optimal beam angle.
As an improvement of the invention, the lateral light supplementing lamp can be adjusted along with the growth height of the target plant.
As a further improvement of the invention, the symmetrical light distribution angle of the side light supplementing lamp is 0-180 degrees.
As a further improvement of the invention, the illumination intensity of the side light supplementing lamp is not lower than 100 mu mol/m 2 /s。
As a further improvement of the invention, in step S1, the planned target object and the plant types of vegetables are determined, corresponding plant plants are searched according to the wanted plants, a large number of target plants are scanned by a 3D scanner to obtain a model parameter library of the target plants, and then a target plant model is established by modeling software.
As a still further improvement of the present invention, in step S1, the target plant model may be modified by modeling software.
As a further improvement of the present invention, in step S1, the length, width, height of each layer of the plant growth frame and the depth of the water tank of the plant growth frame are recorded by measuring the plant growth frame in an artificial plant factory, and a plant growth frame model is built in the modeling software by measuring the data of the plant growth frame in the plant factory, and the arrangement mode of plants is determined.
As a still further improvement of the present invention, in step S3, the type and light source properties of the top illumination lamp and the side light supplement lamp are selected according to the kind of the target plant.
As a still further improvement of the present invention, in step S3, the types of the top illumination lamp and the side light supplement lamp include a fluorescent lamp, a high pressure sodium lamp, and an LED lamp.
As a further improvement of the invention, in the step S4, the artificial lighting lamp is simulated by optical simulation software, and the optimal light distribution parameters and the optimal beam angles of the light supplement illumination on two sides of the target plant model are obtained by obtaining the light vertical interception rate of the maximum leaf area of the target plant.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: compared with the prior art, the combined illumination mode of combining the top illumination with the side illumination is adopted, so that the problem that the illumination intensity can reach a plant light saturation point when planting the sunny plants is solved, the problem that the top illumination intensity is insufficient in the traditional illumination is effectively solved by carrying out the side illumination, the space light can be uniformly distributed, the leaf surfaces with different angles can have better light interception rate, the light energy utilization efficiency of the side illumination is 2-3 times of that of the top illumination, the light energy utilization efficiency is greatly improved by combining the side illumination, and the plant growth can be better under the premise of the same energy consumption.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the steps of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a technical roadmap of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the present invention versus top illumination alone;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a side-view light-compensating lighting fixture of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a second schematic diagram of a side-view supplemental lighting lamp of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the light distribution of the overhead illumination of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a light distribution diagram of the side-fill illumination of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
At present, in some light plant factories, lettuce yield is increased by adopting a mode of upward light supplementing at the lower part of a canopy under the same light intensity, the combination of top illumination and upward light supplementing at the lower part of the canopy can improve the productivity level of lettuce in the artificial light plant factories, and related scholars research the influence of upward light illuminating at the bottom of the canopy of lettuce on photosynthetic characteristics and yield, and the result shows that any type of supplemental upward illumination can delay aging and reduce waste, so that marketable lettuce biomass is improved, red and blue are most effective because the lettuce biomass can be effectively absorbed by chlorophyll; white, blue and red, but not green, significantly increased the ascorbic acid content in the outer leaves.
The top illumination and bottom light supplementing also show the influence of the LED red and blue light upward light supplementing treatment on the flower bud yield and quality of the hemp plants, and the top illumination intensity in the test is 500 mu mol/m 2 And/s, the upward light supplementing intensity of the bottom of the canopy is 95 mu mol/m 2 After treatment for 56d, the upper light supplement of the lower parts of the two light quality canopy layers obviously increases the content and the yield of functional substances in the canopy low-position flower bud tissues, the upper light supplement of the bottom parts of the canopy layers promotes the flowering of the roses, maintains the photosynthetic capacity of the leaves, and has application value for indoor rose production; however, the bottom is adopted to supplement light technology upwards, because the bottom is illuminated, the leaves with larger degree are blocked, the illumination object is mainly the older leaves at the bottom, the photosynthesis is not obviously improved, the improvement effect on the whole light interception rate of the leaves of the plants is not great, more energy sources are consumed, and the method is far greater than the income brought by the plants.
Referring to fig. 1 to 7, an illumination method for improving plant yield and quality according to the present invention comprises the following steps:
s1, establishing a target plant model and a plant growth frame model;
s2, importing a model, namely importing the built target plant model and the plant growth frame model into optical simulation software;
s3, arranging lamps, namely arranging a top illumination lamp at the top of the plant growth frame model, and symmetrically arranging side light supplementing lamps at two side edges of the plant growth frame model;
s4, calculating an optimal beam angle, and calculating the optimal beam angles of the light supplement illumination on two sides of the target plant model through optical simulation software;
and S5, optimizing the lateral light supplement, and setting the irradiation angle of the lateral light supplement lamp according to the optimal beam angle.
In the invention, the top illumination condition is taken as the main condition, and in the set reasonable light period environment, the proper side symmetrical light intensity, light quality and light space distribution are supplemented in the picking period and the maturing period, so that the total area of the received light of the plant leaf surface is improved, the light saturation point of the photosynthesis of the plant canopy is reduced, the photosynthesis efficiency and the light energy utilization rate of the plant are effectively improved, the growth period of the leaf vegetables is shortened, and the high quality, the high yield and the high income of planting are realized.
The invention adopts a combined illumination mode of combining top illumination with side illumination, so that the problem that the illumination intensity can reach a plant light saturation point is not needed when planting the sunny plant, and the side illumination is carried out, thereby effectively solving the problem of insufficient top illumination intensity in the traditional illumination, ensuring that the space light is uniformly distributed, ensuring that the leaf surfaces with different angles have better light interception rate, ensuring that the light energy utilization efficiency of the side illumination is 2-3 times of that of the top illumination, greatly improving the light energy utilization efficiency by combining the side illumination, and having better effect on the plant growth on the premise of the same energy consumption.
In the step S1, firstly determining a planned target object and plant types of vegetables, searching for corresponding plant plants according to the wanted plants, scanning a large number of target plants through a 3D scanner to obtain a model parameter library of the target plants, then establishing a target plant model through modeling software, and correcting the target plant model through the modeling software; specifically, first we need to determine the plant type of the planned crop and vegetables, find the corresponding plant according to the desired plant, scan a large number of target plants by 3D scanner, obtain model parameter library of the target plants, then build the target plant model in modeling software such as 3Dmax or sknchup and correct the plant model.
In the step S1, the length, width and height of each layer of the plant growth frame and the depth of a water tank of the plant growth frame are recorded by measuring the plant growth frame in an artificial plant factory, a plant growth frame model is built in modeling software by the data of the plant growth frame measured in the plant factory, and the arrangement mode of plants is determined; specifically, the length, width and height of each layer of the plant growth frame are recorded by measuring the plant growth frame in the artificial light plant factory, and the depth of the water tank of the plant growth frame is recorded. Plant growth frame data are measured in plant factories, then plant growth frame models are built in modeling software such as 3Dmax or Sketchup, and the arrangement mode of plants is determined.
In step S3, according to the type of the target plant, the types and the light source properties of the top illumination lamp and the side light supplementing lamp are selected, wherein the types of the top illumination lamp and the side light supplementing lamp comprise fluorescent lamps, high-pressure sodium lamps and LED lamps, and the illumination intensity of the side light supplementing lamp is not lower than 100 mu mol/S/m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Specifically, a mode of combining a top illumination lamp positioned in the center of the top with a side light supplementing lamp with side light supplementing symmetrically is adopted, and a proper amount of side light supplementing symmetrically is added, so that the influence of plant canopy shielding can be reduced, the illumination intensity received by plants is more uniform, and a better growing light environment is provided for the plants, so that the yield of the plants is improved, the contents of ascorbic acid, soluble sugar, flavonoid, total phenol and the like are increased, the consistency of quality is improved, the aging of the outer leaves of leaf vegetables is reduced, and the adverse influence caused by plant shade avoidance syndrome (the shade avoidance syndrome can influence important agronomic characters such as plant type, stress resistance, growth period and the like of crops and the yield of crops is avoided).
As shown in fig. 5, specifically, the position of the top lighting fixture is located in the middle of the growth frame, the growth frame is L in length, the leftmost point at the bottom of the growth frame is O point, the rightmost point is marked as a point, the midpoint is marked as M point, and the position of the top lighting fixture is located on the AO midpoint line passing through the M point. The height of the side light supplementing lamp is correspondingly increased along with the growth of plants.
The invention provides a specific plant for description, as shown in fig. 4, the general growth height of lettuce plants is 0.216+/-0.015 m, the height from a planting plate is 0.216m, the plant is marked as a point H, a side light supplementing illumination lamp can be adjusted within the height range of 0-0.216 m, and similarly, the side light supplementing illumination lamp on the right side is the same, and different plants have different height devices; the position of side light filling illumination lamps and lanterns is located the both sides of planting board, and planting board length is L, and planting board top left-most point top 0.108m department is the B point, and bottom left-most point top 0.108m department is marked as the C point, and the position evenly distributed of three side light filling illumination lamps and lanterns on the left is between B ~ C point, and the D point is vegetation frame planting board, and similarly, planting board top right-most point top 0.108m department is the E point, and bottom right-most point is marked as top 0.108m department F point, and the position evenly distributed of three side light filling illumination lamps on the right is between E ~ F point.
Within the present invention, determination of luminaire type and properties: the types of the illumination lamp comprise fluorescent lamps, high-pressure sodium lamps, LED lamps (full spectrum, red and blue light) and other artificial illumination lamps, and the properties of the lamps comprise the light quality ratio of light sources (the light quality wavelength range comprises ultraviolet light 200nm-400nm, visible light 380nm-780nm and near infrared light 780nm-1100 nm), light intensity, luminous flux, light sources, lamp parameters and the like (reasonable light source types and light source properties are selected according to the types of target plants).
In the invention, the setting of the beam angle of the lamp is as follows: the symmetrical light distribution angle of the side light supplementing illumination is 0-180 degrees, the target plant model and the plant growth frame model are led into optical simulation software DIALux evo to carry out different-height horizontal PPFD and vertical PPFD analysis simulation (the range is generally 100 mu mol/m2/s-800 mu mol/m2/s, and the proper light intensity value is selected according to the planted plant types for adjustment and selection).
In the step S4, simulating an artificial lighting lamp through optical simulation software, and acquiring the optimal light distribution parameters and the optimal beam angles of the light supplement illumination on two sides of the target plant model by acquiring the light vertical interception rate of the maximum leaf area of the target plant; specifically, the top illumination and the side supplementing illumination adopt light beam angles of symmetrical light distribution, the symmetrical light distribution angles are 0-180 degrees, the specific angles of the symmetrical light distribution are angles covering the height and the width of plants, and the light distribution angles, the light projection positions and the light projection angles of the plant top and side artificial illumination lamps are set through simulation of optical simulation software according to the requirements of the horizontal and vertical PPFD, the horizontal and vertical PPFD uniformity and the plant blade light interception rate of a canopy plane according to the growth form, the plant height and the leaf area of an illuminated target plant.
The invention provides an illumination simulation experiment:
1. plant illumination environment simulation experiment:
1) Establishing a target plant and a culture rack model: under the plant factory environment, lettuce seedling raising, cultivation and planting are carried out, 3D scanning equipment is utilized for carrying out plant scanning in the seedling stage, the seedling stage and the growth stage, lettuce models are established, and lettuce growth stage models (plant height is 0.216+/-0.015 m, crown width is 0.252+/-2.024 m); the length and width of the plant growth frame model are 1.80m and 0.65m and 2.50m, the culture frame is provided with four layers, the layer height is 0.53m (the depth of the water culture groove is 0.15m, the thickness of the plant fixing plate is 0.02m, and the height of the growth space is 0.36 m).
2) Model introduction: the built lettuce model (growing lettuce model) and plant growth rack model were imported into the optical simulation software DIALux evo.
3) And (3) lamp selection setting: selecting 5 LED lamps, wherein the top lamp is a typical lambertian body for light distribution, and the power of the lamp is 60W; the side light supplementing illumination lamp is symmetric light distribution with 4 types of different beam angles, the lamp power is 30W, and the side light supplementing illumination lamp is respectively called a lamp I, a lamp II, a lamp III and a lamp IV for short.
4) Illumination experiment group and luminaire arrangement: the device is characterized in that 5 illumination simulation experiments are arranged in total, the illumination simulation experiment 1 adopts a top illumination lamp, the illumination simulation experiment 2 adopts a top illumination lamp and a side light supplementing illumination lamp I, the illumination simulation experiment 3 adopts a top illumination lamp and a side light supplementing illumination lamp II, the illumination simulation experiment 4 adopts a top illumination lamp and a side light supplementing illumination lamp III, the illumination simulation experiment 5 adopts a top illumination lamp and a side light supplementing illumination lamp IV, the illumination simulation experiments 2 to 5 adopt a two-side symmetrical installation mode, three sets of illumination lamps are installed on each side, and the installation height and the relative position are the same.
5) Illumination of the calculation plane and calculation parameters: the heights of the calculated planes were 5.7, 11.5, 14.5, 18.7 and 21.7cm, horizontal PPFD (photosynthetic photon flux density), vertical PPFD, horizontal PPFD uniformity, vertical PPFD uniformity.
6) Plant position distribution for each simulation experiment group: the plants of the five groups of simulation experiments are all on respective planting layers, each group has 18 plant models, each group of plant models are uniformly distributed on the planting layers in a 3 multiplied by 6 arrangement, and each plant model is 0.25m apart.
7) Simulation results when the planting plate is not provided with plants: at a height of 5.7cm, the top illumination level PPFD was 200. Mu. Mol/m 2 S, the uniformity of the horizontal PPFD is 0.53, and the vertical PPFD is 105 mu mol/m 2 S, vertical PPFD uniformity 0.25; side light supplementing illumination lamp II with horizontal PPFD of 273 mu mol/m 2 S, the uniformity of the horizontal PPFD is 0.85, and the vertical PPFD is 176 mu mol/m 2 And/s, vertical PPFD uniformity of 0.58, wherein the lateral supplemental lighting fixture II has horizontal PPFD and vertical PPFD 1.37 and 1.67 times that of the top lighting fixture.
8) Top illumination horizontal and vertical PPFD and uniformity simulation results when the plant plate set up plants: at a height of 5.7cm, the horizontal PPFD is only 56% of the plant, the vertical PPFD is only 48%, the PPFD is obviously reduced, and the PPFD uniformity is only 3.5%. As the calculated plane height increases, the top illumination level PPFD value gradually increases, the level PPFD value at 21.7cm is 2 times that at 5.7cm, and the level PPFD uniformity gradually increases from 0.019 to 0.1; the vertical PPFD value of the top illumination gradually increased, and the vertical PPFD uniformity gradually increased from 0.11 to 0.15, with a vertical PPFD value of 1.79 times that of 5.7cm at 21.7 cm.
9) When the planting plate is used for setting plants, the lateral light supplement irradiates horizontal and vertical PPFD and uniformity simulation results: and by selecting a proper beam angle lamp, the uniformity of the horizontal PPFD, the vertical PPFD, the horizontal PPFD and the vertical PPFD are obviously improved, wherein the illumination simulation data of the symmetrical light distribution lamp II are optimal. The horizontal PPFD value of the symmetrical light distribution lamp II gradually rises to be 1.37 times of the horizontal PPFD of the top illumination, the horizontal PPFD uniformity is 3.63 times, and the vertical PPFD value of the symmetrical light distribution lamp II gradually rises to be 1.34 times of the vertical PPFD of the top illumination and the vertical PPFD uniformity is about 3.2 times as the height of the calculation plane increases.
10 Through further optimizing side light filling illumination lamp utensil, can further improve horizontal PPFD and perpendicular PPFD, realize simultaneously that horizontal and perpendicular PPFD numerical value equals, plant leaf light space distribution is even illuminating effect, effectively promotes lettuce's growth.
2. Implant test material and test design
The plant material for the experiment is 'Italian bolting-resistant lettuce', and the experimental planting is divided into 4 links of germination period, seedling raising period, growing period and light treatment period.
In the germination period, lettuce (Lactuca satival) with bolting resistance is selected as a test material, and lettuce seeds are sown in soaked sponge seedling blocks (2.5x2.5x2.5 cm) and placed in a dark environment for a period of 2d.
In the seedling stage, after the seeds germinate and the seed coats fall off, transferring the seedlings to light intensity and photoperiod of 200 mu mol.m respectively -2 ·s -1 And 16/8h (bright/dark period) of white light LEDs (the white light LEDs consist of 15.8% of blue light (400-500 nm), 22.0% of green light (500-600 nm), 50.3% of red light (600-700 nm) and 11.8% of far-red light (700-800 nm)), and the seedling raising tray needs to be supplemented with nutrient solution once a day during seedling raising.
After growing seedlings to two leaves and one core (15 d), the lettuce seedlings are averagely divided into 5 groups (20 plants/group), transplanted to a nutrient solution circulation cultivation system with red and blue LED panel lamps at the top, cultivated and subjected to the same illumination treatment, the growing period is 20d, the growing period adopts the vertical illumination of the top panel lamp, and the light intensity is 200 mu mol.m -2 ·s -1 The ratio of the light quality red light to the blue light is 4R:1B, the illumination time is 16/8h.
And (3) carrying out light treatment on all 5 growth boxes after the light treatment period is finished, adopting a mode of combining top illumination and side illumination, wherein the vertical illumination of the top panel lamp is main illumination, and the side face of the planting plate is used as side illumination light supplement by using an LED projection lamp. The intensity of the vertical illumination is 200 mu mol.m -2 ·s -1 The ratio of the light quality red light to the blue light is 4R:1B, wherein the peak wavelength of red light is 658.5nm, the peak wavelength of blue light is 446.6nm, and the illumination time is 16/8h; the side illumination is divided into 5 light supplementing treatments: (1) N, the side surface light supplementing intensity is 0; (2) B, supplementing blue light to the side surface, wherein the peak wavelength is 445.0nm, and the intensity is 150 mu mol.m -2 ·s -1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the (3) R, side supplementing red light, peak wavelength 660.0nm and intensity 150 mu mol.m -2 ·s -1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the (4) RB, side surface red and blue light supplement, red and blue light ratio of 4:1, blue light peak wavelength of 445.0nm, red light peak wavelength of 660.0nm, total intensity of 150 mu mol.m -2 ·s -1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the (5) RGB, red, green and blue light are supplemented on the side face, the ratio of red, green and blue light is 3:1:1, the peak wavelength of blue light is 445.0nm, the peak wavelength of green light is 525.0nm, the peak wavelength of red light is 660.0nm, and the total intensity is 150 mu mol.m -2 ·s -1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The photoperiod of 5 light supplementing treatments is 2/22h.
Samples for morphology and nutrient composition were collected at 18:00 after supplemental light treatment, 4 plants were taken per row, 12 samples per treatment, 5 treatments, 60 samples total, and leaves were numbered in the order of treatment and sampling during sampling to prevent coding errors, after which growth morphology and quality tests were performed.
Samples for morphology and nutrient content were collected after supplemental light treatment, the main petioles of all leaves were removed to accurately measure leaf Fresh Weight (FW) and leaf area using an area meter, each sampling treatment and stored as four biological replicates, and the collected leaves were immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored in an ultra-low temperature refrigerator (-80 ℃) until analysis.
The testing method comprises the following steps: chlorophyll is measured by SPAD-502 chlorophyll content measuring instrument, nitrate is measured by salicylic acid spectrophotometry colorimetric method, soluble sugar is measured by anthrone spectrophotometry colorimetric method, and starch content detecting reagent is usedThe kit adopts spectrophotometry to measure, the total phenol adopts methanol and Fu Lin Fen spectrophotometry to measure, and the flavonoid adopts AlCl 3 Sodium nitrite and sodium hydroxide spectrophotometry.
Test results and analysis: the total fresh weight of the overground parts of the lettuce treated with N is 42.53g, and the total fresh weight of R, B, RB and RGB treatments are 34%, 19%, 31% and 34% higher than that of the N treatments respectively. N-treated lettuce total leaf area 729mm 2 R, B, RB and RGB treatments were 36%, 30%, 33% and 30% higher, respectively, than N treatment, the relative chlorophyll concentration of the first lettuce layer was 26.88, the reduction of 7% in R treatment, the increases of 20%, 14% and 10% in B, RB and RGB treatments, respectively, and the nitrate content of the lettuce was 4.05 mg.g -1 FW, nitrate content of B treatment was reduced by 31% as compared with N treatment, other treatment differences were not significant, and soluble sugar content of N treatment lettuce was 2.99 mg.g -1 The FW and R, B, RB, RGB treatments are improved by 56% compared with the N treatment, and the differences are obvious, wherein R, B, RB, RGB is 18%, 139%, 38% and 28% higher respectively, and the flavonoid content of the lettuce treated by N is 4.39 mg.g -1 FW, B and RGB treatments increased by 18% and 50% compared to N treatments, other treatments did not differ significantly, N treatments had a lettuce phenolic content of 0.56 mg.g -1 FW, R, B, RB, RGB treatment had an increased phenolic content compared to N treatment, with 86% and 25% higher B and RGB, respectively.
In the invention, the total fresh weight of the overground parts of lettuce is obviously improved through lateral light supplementing, the nutritional quality of chlorophyll, soluble sugar, starch, total phenol and flavonoid is improved, the content of nitrate is reduced, and the invention optimizes the production yield and quality through a light irradiation mode, thereby providing a solution for establishing a light irradiation strategy combining vertical downward light supplementing and lateral light supplementing.
In the invention, in the controllable environment (greenhouse, plant factory, etc.) for artificially cultivating plants, characteristic parameters of the surface area, height and width of the canopy of the target plants are established through 3D scanning equipment, a top illumination and lateral light supplementing illumination mode is adopted, and a mode of illumination simulation design and experimental planting verification is combined, so that different proportions of horizontal PPFD and vertical PPFD are needed for illumination of the stereoscopic space of the canopy of the plants, the realization proportion is from 2:1 to 1:2, the uniformity of the horizontal PPFD of the stereoscopic space is greater than 0.8, the uniformity of the vertical PPFD of the stereoscopic space is greater than 0.6, and the stereoscopic uniform illumination effect of the canopy of the plants is realized.
In the invention, the types of top illumination and side light supplementing lamps comprise a fluorescent lamp, a high-pressure sodium lamp, an LED lamp (full spectrum, red and blue light and the like), a laser lamp and the like, can be set according to different requirements of target plant types, and illumination and light distribution can be realized by adopting optical modes such as lenses, reflectors and the like.
In the invention, the top illumination and the side illumination adopt the beam angle of symmetrical light distribution, the symmetrical light distribution angle is 0-180 degrees, and the specific angle of symmetrical light distribution is the angle covering the height and width of the plant. According to the growth form, plant height and leaf area of the irradiated target plant, the horizontal and vertical PPFD uniformity and the plant leaf light interception rate requirements of the canopy plane are set by simulation, and the light distribution angle, the light projection position and the light projection angle of the artificial illumination lamp at the top and at the side of the plant are set.
In the invention, the planting objects of the combination of top illumination and side illumination are vegetables, fruits, vegetables, flowers and the like, especially plants with high plants and serious canopy shielding, such as tomatoes, china rose and the like, and tissue culture seedlings planted in tissue culture glass bottles with poor top light transmission and certain light transmittance on the sides, and the like.
In the invention, the illumination intensity of the side-side supplementary illumination is not lower than 100 mu mol/m 2 And/s illuminating the light quality in the supplemental light.
In the invention, the side light supplementing illumination effect is particularly remarkable when the growth later stage or the harvesting stage of vegetables, fruits, vegetables and flowers is carried out for 2-6 days for 2-4 hours, and compared with the process of only providing top illumination, the red light treatment remarkably increases the total fresh weight and the total leaf area of the plants; blue light treatment significantly increases the accumulation of nutrients such as chlorophyll, starch, soluble sugar content, flavonoids and phenols content, while reducing nitrate content.
In the invention, the positions of the lateral light supplementing lighting lamps are positioned at two sides of the plant planting plate and are uniformly arranged, the height of the lamps can be adjusted along with the growth height of plants, and the typical installation height of the lamps is 1/2 plant height.
Compared with the mode of increasing the photosynthetic rate by improving the intensity of top illumination, the invention can obviously reduce the photosynthetic light saturation point of the plant canopy by adding side light supplementing illumination to the top illumination, and effectively improve the photosynthetic rate, thereby improving the light energy utilization rate and the electric energy utilization rate, and the improvement ratio is up to 40%.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. the method comprises the steps of establishing a target plant and a plant growth frame model in modeling soft (3 Dmax or SketchUp and the like) software of a plant type to be planted in a controllable environment, and then simulating side supplementary lighting of an artificial lighting lamp through DIALux evo to obtain optimal light distribution parameters and beam angles, so that the target plant obtains the light vertical interception rate of the maximum leaf area, the leaf area of photosynthesis is increased, the plant growth can obtain the maximum photosynthesis product, the plant yield is increased, and the light utilization rate is increased.
2. Because the shapes and leaf areas of the plant canopy leaves are different, the shapes of the two sides of the plant canopy leaves are asymmetric in a symmetric space, and the optimal beam angles of the two sides of the plant are calculated through optical simulation software (DIALux evo), the uniformity of the target plant level and the vertical PPFD, the horizontal PPFD and the vertical PPFD on the plant growth frame can be ensured, the plant growth around the planting plate is facilitated, the growth form controllability and standardization of each row and column of plants on the whole cultivation frame are promoted, the marketable yield and grade of the whole plant are increased, and the industrialization of agricultural production is facilitated.
3. Because the illumination intensities required by the growth of different plants are different, the light saturation point of the photosynthesis of the plant canopy is reduced by combining top illumination and side illumination, the photosynthesis efficiency is improved, and the growth of the plants is facilitated; meanwhile, the light quality ratio of the side light supplementing lamp can be regulated and controlled, and the side light supplementing lamp can be applied to different plant cultivation to achieve higher photosynthetic efficiency.
4. Compared with the illumination mode of the bottom-up light supplement, the illumination mode of the side light supplement fully utilizes the photosynthetic photon flux of the lamp to irradiate the plant canopy, avoids the light flux to irradiate the outside of the planting frame, reduces light waste, and can effectively avoid the additional cost of the lamp caused by the water planting mode of the plant factory to malfunction in the side installation, thereby effectively reducing the cost of the LED lamp.
5. The illumination mode of side light supplementing illumination can increase plant canopy illumination, delay plant canopy bottom and external leaf aging, improve plant photosynthetic efficiency, reduce the labor cost of arranging leaf production when guaranteeing plant yield and nutrition quality content.
The foregoing description is only of embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and all equivalent structures or equivalent processes using the descriptions and the drawings of the present invention or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An illumination method for improving plant yield and quality, comprising the steps of:
s1, establishing a target plant model and a plant growth frame model;
s2, importing a model, namely importing the built target plant model and the plant growth frame model into optical simulation software;
s3, arranging lamps, namely arranging a top illumination lamp at the top of the plant growth frame model, and symmetrically arranging side light supplementing lamps at two side edges of the plant growth frame model;
s4, calculating an optimal beam angle, and calculating the optimal beam angles of the light supplement illumination on two sides of the target plant model through optical simulation software;
and S5, optimizing the lateral light supplement, and setting the irradiation angle of the lateral light supplement lamp according to the optimal beam angle.
2. A method of illuminating plants according to claim 1, wherein the lateral light supplement lamps are adjustable with the height of the target plants.
3. The illumination method for improving plant yield and quality according to claim 2, wherein the symmetrical light distribution angle of the illumination of the lateral light supplementing lamp is 0 ° -180 °.
4. A lighting method for improving plant yield and quality according to claim 3 wherein the illumination intensity of said side light compensating lamp is not less than 100 μmol/m 2 /s。
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein in step S1, the plant type of the vegetable and the target object are determined, the plant is searched for, a plurality of target plants are scanned by a 3D scanner to obtain a model parameter library of the target plants, and a model of the target plants is established by a modeling software.
6. A method of illuminating plants with increased yield and quality according to claim 5 wherein in step S1 the target plant model is modified by modeling software.
7. A method of illuminating plants with increased yield and quality according to claim 6 wherein in step S1, the length, width, height of each layer of the plant growth rack and the depth of the plant growth rack sink are recorded by measuring the plant growth rack in an artificial plant factory, and the plant growth rack model is built in the modeling software and the arrangement of plants is determined.
8. A lighting method for improving plant yield and quality according to claim 7 wherein in step S3, the type and light source properties of the top lighting fixture and side light supplement fixtures are selected according to the type of target plant.
9. A lighting method for improving plant yield and quality according to claim 8 wherein in step S3, the types of top lighting fixtures and side light supplement fixtures include fluorescent, high pressure sodium, LED.
10. The method according to claim 9, wherein in step S4, the artificial lighting device is simulated by the optical simulation software, and the optimal light distribution parameters and the optimal beam angles of the supplementary lighting on both sides of the target plant model are obtained by obtaining the light vertical interception rate of the maximum leaf area of the target plant.
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