CN116214074A - A Machining Method of Small-diameter Super-deep Hole - Google Patents

A Machining Method of Small-diameter Super-deep Hole Download PDF

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CN116214074A
CN116214074A CN202310458147.4A CN202310458147A CN116214074A CN 116214074 A CN116214074 A CN 116214074A CN 202310458147 A CN202310458147 A CN 202310458147A CN 116214074 A CN116214074 A CN 116214074A
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drill bit
hole
drill
drilled
diameter
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许磊磊
史延锋
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Shanghai Shunfeng Machinery Manufacturing Co ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P13/00—Making metal objects by operations essentially involving machining but not covered by a single other subclass
    • B23P13/02—Making metal objects by operations essentially involving machining but not covered by a single other subclass in which only the machining operations are important
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B35/00—Methods for boring or drilling, or for working essentially requiring the use of boring or drilling machines; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B51/00—Tools for drilling machines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working

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Abstract

本发明公开一种小直径超深孔的加工方法，采用两边对钻的方法，加工步骤如下：第一步用小于预钻孔孔径3‑4mm钨钢铣刀螺旋加工孔深30％‑40％；第二步采用与预钻孔孔径相同的深孔钻头一，深孔钻头一长度为预钻孔孔深的17％，钻至15％孔深；第三步采用与预钻孔孔径相同的深孔钻头二钻至47％孔深；第四步采用与预钻孔孔径相同的深孔钻头三，钻至50％孔深；所述钻头三包括钻尖，所述钻尖的下部与平面部分相连，钻尖的侧部设置排屑槽一，平面部分设置排屑槽二，排屑槽二与钻头本身的排屑槽相连；第五步，采用同样的方法加工另一面。本发明的优点是：借助于钻尖的定位，克服了对钻时，后钻的钻头易发生断裂的现象，保证钻头从另一面钻过来时候的接刀准确。

Figure 202310458147

The invention discloses a processing method for a small-diameter ultra-deep hole, which adopts the method of counter-drilling on both sides, and the processing steps are as follows: the first step is to use a tungsten steel milling cutter with a diameter smaller than the pre-drilled hole of 3-4mm to spirally process the hole depth by 30%-40% ; The second step adopts the same deep hole drill bit 1 with the pre-drilled hole diameter, and the length of the deep hole drill bit 1 is 17% of the pre-drilled hole depth, and drills to 15% hole depth; the third step adopts the same with the pre-drilled hole diameter The deep hole drill bit 2 is drilled to 47% of the hole depth; the fourth step adopts the deep hole drill bit 3 identical with the pre-drilled hole diameter, drilled to 50% of the hole depth; the drill bit 3 includes a drill point, and the bottom of the drill point and the The parts are connected, the side of the drill tip is provided with the chip flute 1, and the plane part is provided with the chip flute 2, and the chip flute 2 is connected with the chip flute of the drill itself; the fifth step is to process the other side in the same way. The invention has the advantages of: by means of the positioning of the drill point, the phenomenon that the drill bit of the rear drill is prone to breakage is overcome when the drill is aligned, and the drill bit is accurately connected when the drill bit is drilled from the other side.

Figure 202310458147

Description

一种小直径超深孔的加工方法A Machining Method of Small-diameter Super-deep Hole

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及机械领域，具体是一种长细孔的加工方法。The invention relates to the field of machinery, in particular to a processing method for long fine holes.

背景技术Background technique

长细孔一直是一个比较棘手的机械加工问题，尤其是孔深与孔径之比超过100的超深孔更是如此。为解决上述问题，人们借助于精密治具的准确定位，从孔的两端相向钻孔，但后钻的钻头钻至孔深的一半时，会发生钻头断裂；这是因为，随着孔深的增加，钻头不可避免的振动会带来钻头与孔壁的接触，而该接触增加了转动的阻力，该阻力形成一种扭矩，如果钻头的驱动力较大，则所述扭矩会造成钻头的断裂。Long and thin holes have always been a difficult machining problem, especially for ultra-deep holes with a ratio of hole depth to hole diameter exceeding 100. In order to solve the above problems, with the help of accurate positioning of precision jigs, people drill holes from opposite ends of the hole, but when the drill bit drilled after drilling reaches half of the hole depth, the drill bit will break; this is because, with the depth of the hole The inevitable vibration of the drill bit will bring the drill bit into contact with the hole wall, and this contact increases the resistance to rotation, which forms a torque. If the driving force of the drill bit is large, the torque will cause the drill bit to rotate. fracture.

发明内容Contents of the invention

为解决上述技术问题，本发明的目的是提供一种小直径超深孔的加工方法，采用两边对钻的方法，其中一面的加工步骤如下：In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the purpose of this invention is to provide a processing method for small-diameter ultra-deep holes, which adopts the method of drilling on both sides, and the processing steps of one side are as follows:

第一步，用小于预钻孔孔径3-4mm钨钢铣刀螺旋加工孔深30％-40％，保证后面用深孔钻头钻孔时钻头不会钻偏；The first step is to use a tungsten steel milling cutter with a diameter of 3-4mm smaller than the pre-drilled hole to helically process the hole depth by 30%-40%, so as to ensure that the drill bit will not deviate when drilling with a deep hole drill bit;

第二步，采用与预钻孔孔径相同的深孔钻头一，深孔钻头一长度为预钻孔孔深的17％，钻至15％孔深，机床转速500转/分，进给50mm/分，每次钻深2mm抬刀，这样加工防止铁屑排不出来导致钻头抱死，断掉，另外钻头太深冷却液加不进也会导致钻头高温会造成孔内光洁度超公差；The second step adopts the same deep hole drill bit 1 as the pre-drilled hole diameter, the length of the deep hole drill bit 1 is 17% of the depth of the pre-drilled hole, drilled to 15% hole depth, the machine tool speed is 500 rpm, and the feed rate is 50mm/min. Each time the drilling depth is 2mm and the tool is lifted, this process prevents the iron filings from being discharged and the drill bit is locked and broken. In addition, if the drill bit is too deep and the coolant cannot be added, the high temperature of the drill bit will cause the hole finish to be out of tolerance;

第三步，采用与预钻孔孔径相同的深孔钻头二，深孔钻头二长度为预钻孔孔深的48％，钻至47％孔深；机床转速650转/分，进给30mm/分，每次钻深2mm抬刀；The third step is to adopt the same deep hole drill bit 2 as the pre-drilled hole diameter, the length of the deep hole drill bit 2 is 48% of the pre-drilled hole depth, and drill to 47% hole depth; the machine tool speed is 650 rpm, and the feed rate is 30mm/ points, each drilling depth is 2mm to lift the knife;

第四步，采用与预钻孔孔径相同的深孔钻头三，深孔钻头三长度为预钻孔孔深的51％，钻至50％孔深；The fourth step is to adopt the same deep hole drill bit 3 with the pre-drilled hole diameter, the length of the deep hole drill bit 3 is 51% of the pre-drilled hole depth, and drill to 50% hole depth;

所述钻头三包括钻尖，所述钻尖的下部与平面部分相连，钻尖的侧部设置排屑槽一，平面部分设置排屑槽二，排屑槽二与钻头本身的排屑槽相连；The drill bit 3 includes a drill tip, the lower part of the drill tip is connected to the plane part, the side part of the drill tip is provided with a chip removal groove 1, and the plane part is provided with a chip removal groove 2, and the chip removal groove 2 is connected with the chip removal groove of the drill bit itself ;

第五步，采用同样的方法加工另一面，直至两个孔钻通。The fifth step is to use the same method to process the other side until the two holes are drilled through.

所述钻尖为45度锥角。The drill tip has a 45 degree cone angle.

所述钻尖根部的直径为预钻孔孔径的三分之一。The diameter of the root of the drill point is one-third of the diameter of the pre-drilled hole.

本发明的优点是：借助于钻尖的定位，克服了对钻时，后钻的钻头易发生断裂的现象，保证钻头从另一面钻过来时候的接刀准确。The invention has the advantages of: by means of the positioning of the drill point, the phenomenon that the drill bit of the rear drill is prone to breakage is overcome when the drill is aligned, and the drill bit is accurately connected when the drill bit is drilled from the other side.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为深孔钻头三的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the structural representation of deep hole drill bit 3;

图2为图1的A-A位置剖视图；Fig. 2 is the A-A position sectional view of Fig. 1;

图3为图1的B位置放大示意图；Fig. 3 is an enlarged schematic diagram of position B in Fig. 1;

图4为图2的C位置放大示意图；Fig. 4 is an enlarged schematic diagram of position C in Fig. 2;

图5为深孔钻头三的立体示意图；Fig. 5 is the three-dimensional schematic view of deep hole drill bit three;

图6为现有技术钻头对钻时的示意图；Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram when prior art drill bit drills;

图7为本发明的钻头对钻时的示意图。Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the drill bit of the present invention when drilling.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面结合附图具体说明本发明，如图所示，孔深与孔径之比超过100的超深孔，在钻孔时，刀具路径中的某些点对刀具施加过大的力，从而导致震动。如果该振动导致钻头与孔壁接触，则产生一个抗拒钻杆转动的扭矩，如果扭矩过大，则会使得钻头断裂；为解决上述技术问题，本发明的方案是：The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. As shown in the figure, for an ultra-deep hole with a ratio of hole depth to hole diameter exceeding 100, when drilling, certain points in the tool path exert excessive force on the tool, resulting in vibration . If the vibration causes the drill bit to contact the hole wall, a torque that resists the rotation of the drill rod will be produced, and if the torque is too large, the drill bit will break; in order to solve the above technical problems, the solution of the present invention is:

采用两边对钻的方法，其中一面的加工步骤如下：Using the method of drilling on both sides, the processing steps of one side are as follows:

第一步，用小于预钻孔孔径3-4mm钨钢铣刀螺旋加工孔深30％-40％，保证后面用深孔钻头钻孔时钻头不会钻偏；The first step is to use a tungsten steel milling cutter with a diameter of 3-4mm smaller than the pre-drilled hole to helically process the hole depth by 30%-40%, so as to ensure that the drill bit will not deviate when drilling with a deep hole drill bit;

第二步，采用与预钻孔孔径相同的深孔钻头一，深孔钻头一长度为预钻孔孔深的17％，钻至15％孔深，机床转速500转/分，进给50mm/分，每次钻深2mm抬刀，这样加工防止铁屑排不出来导致钻头抱死，断掉，另外钻头太深冷却液加不进也会导致钻头高温会造成孔内光洁度超公差；The second step adopts the same deep hole drill bit 1 as the pre-drilled hole diameter, the length of the deep hole drill bit 1 is 17% of the depth of the pre-drilled hole, drilled to 15% hole depth, the machine tool speed is 500 rpm, and the feed rate is 50mm/min. Each time the drilling depth is 2mm and the tool is lifted, this process prevents the iron filings from being discharged and the drill bit is locked and broken. In addition, if the drill bit is too deep and the coolant cannot be added, the high temperature of the drill bit will cause the hole finish to be out of tolerance;

第三步，采用与预钻孔孔径相同的深孔钻头二，深孔钻头二长度为预钻孔孔深的48％，钻至47％孔深；机床转速650转/分，进给30mm/分，每次钻深2mm抬刀；The third step is to adopt the same deep hole drill bit 2 as the pre-drilled hole diameter, the length of the deep hole drill bit 2 is 48% of the pre-drilled hole depth, and drill to 47% hole depth; the machine tool speed is 650 rpm, and the feed rate is 30mm/ points, each drilling depth is 2mm to lift the knife;

第四步，采用与预钻孔孔径相同的深孔钻头三，深孔钻头三长度为预钻孔孔深的51％，钻至50％孔深；The fourth step is to adopt the same deep hole drill bit 3 with the pre-drilled hole diameter, the length of the deep hole drill bit 3 is 51% of the pre-drilled hole depth, and drill to 50% hole depth;

所述钻头三包括钻尖11，所述钻尖的下部与平面12部分相连，钻尖的侧部设置排屑槽一111，平面部分设置排屑槽二121，排屑槽二121与钻头本身的排屑槽4相连；The drill bit three includes a drill point 11, the bottom of the drill point is connected to the plane 12, the side of the drill point is provided with a chip removal groove 111, and the plane part is provided with a chip removal groove 2 121, and the chip removal groove 2 121 is connected to the drill bit itself. The chip flutes 4 are connected;

第五步，采用同样的方法加工另一面，直至两个孔钻通。The fifth step is to use the same method to process the other side until the two holes are drilled through.

所述钻尖为45度锥角。The drill tip has a 45 degree cone angle.

所述钻尖根部的直径为预钻孔孔径的三分之一。The diameter of the root of the drill point is one-third of the diameter of the pre-drilled hole.

采用本发明的方法加工可以保证孔内粗糙度0.8以上，预钻孔孔径公差在正负0.05之内。Adopting the processing method of the invention can ensure that the roughness in the hole is above 0.8, and the tolerance of the pre-drilled hole diameter is within plus or minus 0.05.

本发明的原理是；现有技术钻头1仅仅是一个锥形的钻尖11，钻尖及钻杆上设置排屑槽；当采用对钻的方式时，预先将孔2的一半钻完，然后从对侧开始钻另外一半；而预先钻完一半留下的金属3具有一个锥形部21，当钻尖钻该位置时，很快钻尖形成“悬空”状态，由于没有钻尖的定位作用，钻头无法克服钻头的径向振动，钻头就会与孔壁接触，造成阻力增大，进而钻头扭断经常发生。The principle of the present invention is; the prior art drill bit 1 is only a tapered drill tip 11, and chip removal grooves are set on the drill tip and the drill rod; Drill the other half from the opposite side; and the metal 3 left after drilling half has a tapered part 21. When the drill tip drills this position, the drill tip will soon form a "suspension" state, because there is no positioning of the drill tip , The drill bit cannot overcome the radial vibration of the drill bit, and the drill bit will be in contact with the hole wall, resulting in increased resistance, and the twisting of the drill bit often occurs.

而采用本发明的深孔钻头三结构，则钻头的钻尖首先会与钻完孔的圆柱形空间22接触，该圆柱形空间限制了钻尖的径向移动，进而保证了钻头不会与孔壁侧面的接触，克服了现有技术经常发生的钻头断裂现象。And adopt three structures of deep-hole drill bit of the present invention, then the drill point of drill bit at first can contact with the cylindrical space 22 of drilling hole, and this cylindrical space has limited the radial movement of drill point, and then has guaranteed that drill bit can not contact with hole. The contact of the side of the wall overcomes the drill bit fracture phenomenon that often occurs in the prior art.

Claims (3)

1.一种小直径超深孔的加工方法，其特征在于：采用两边对钻的方法，其中一面的加工步骤如下：1. A processing method for small-diameter ultra-deep holes, characterized in that: the method of drilling on both sides is adopted, and the processing steps on one side are as follows: 第一步，用小于预钻孔孔径3-4mm钨钢铣刀螺旋加工孔深30％-40％，保证后面用深孔钻头钻孔时钻头不会钻偏；The first step is to use a tungsten steel milling cutter with a diameter of 3-4mm smaller than the pre-drilled hole to helically process the hole depth by 30%-40%, so as to ensure that the drill bit will not deviate when drilling with a deep hole drill bit; 第二步，采用与预钻孔孔径相同的深孔钻头一，深孔钻头一长度为预钻孔孔深的17％，钻至15％孔深，机床转速500转/分，进给50mm/分，每次钻深2mm抬刀，这样加工防止铁屑排不出来导致钻头抱死，断掉，另外钻头太深冷却液加不进也会导致钻头高温会造成孔内光洁度超公差；The second step adopts the same deep hole drill bit 1 as the pre-drilled hole diameter, the length of the deep hole drill bit 1 is 17% of the depth of the pre-drilled hole, drilled to 15% hole depth, the machine tool speed is 500 rpm, and the feed rate is 50mm/min. Each time the drilling depth is 2mm and the tool is lifted, this process prevents the iron filings from being discharged and the drill bit is locked and broken. In addition, if the drill bit is too deep and the coolant cannot be added, the high temperature of the drill bit will cause the hole finish to be out of tolerance; 第三步，采用与预钻孔孔径相同的深孔钻头二，深孔钻头二长度为预钻孔孔深的48％，钻至47％孔深；机床转速650转/分，进给30mm/分，每次钻深2mm抬刀；The third step is to adopt the same deep hole drill bit 2 as the pre-drilled hole diameter, the length of the deep hole drill bit 2 is 48% of the pre-drilled hole depth, and drill to 47% hole depth; the machine tool speed is 650 rpm, and the feed rate is 30mm/ points, each drilling depth is 2mm to lift the knife; 第四步，采用与预钻孔孔径相同的深孔钻头三，深孔钻头三长度为预钻孔孔深的51％，钻至50％孔深；The fourth step is to adopt the same deep hole drill bit 3 with the pre-drilled hole diameter, the length of the deep hole drill bit 3 is 51% of the pre-drilled hole depth, and drill to 50% hole depth; 所述钻头三包括钻尖，所述钻尖的下部与平面部分相连，钻尖的侧部设置排屑槽一，平面部分设置排屑槽二，排屑槽二与钻头本身的排屑槽相连；The drill bit 3 includes a drill tip, the lower part of the drill tip is connected to the plane part, the side part of the drill tip is provided with a chip removal groove 1, and the plane part is provided with a chip removal groove 2, and the chip removal groove 2 is connected with the chip removal groove of the drill bit itself ; 第五步，采用同样的方法加工另一面，直至两个孔钻通。The fifth step is to use the same method to process the other side until the two holes are drilled through. 2.根据权利要求1所述的小直径超深孔的加工方法，其特征在于：所述钻尖为45度锥角。2. The method for processing small-diameter ultra-deep holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: the drill tip has a cone angle of 45 degrees. 3.根据权利要求1所述的小直径超深孔的加工方法，其特征在于：所述钻尖根部的直径为预钻孔孔径的三分之一。3. The method for processing small-diameter ultra-deep holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: the diameter of the root of the drill point is one-third of the diameter of the pre-drilled hole.
CN202310458147.4A 2023-04-26 2023-04-26 A Machining Method of Small-diameter Super-deep Hole Pending CN116214074A (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN119525548A (en) * 2024-12-20 2025-02-28 陕西法士特汽车传动集团有限责任公司 A small-diameter intermittent deep hole processing technology
WO2025200182A1 (en) * 2024-03-27 2025-10-02 广州广合科技股份有限公司 Laser pre-drilling and mechanical drilling machining method

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2025200182A1 (en) * 2024-03-27 2025-10-02 广州广合科技股份有限公司 Laser pre-drilling and mechanical drilling machining method
CN119525548A (en) * 2024-12-20 2025-02-28 陕西法士特汽车传动集团有限责任公司 A small-diameter intermittent deep hole processing technology

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