CN116210629A - A seedling breeding method for mandarin fish with cocked mouth fed in running water tank - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a method for cultivating offspring seeds of siniperca chuatsi in a water trough feed, which comprises the steps of preparing a water trough system, wherein the preparation of the water trough system comprises the process of arranging the water trough: s101, selecting a pond, and arranging a guide wall in the middle of the pond to enable the guide wall and two sides of the pond to have gaps; s102, arranging a water flow groove seedling raising pool at a gap of at least one side, and enabling the side wall of the water flow groove seedling raising pool to be abutted against a guide wall; a plurality of rows of parallel water channels are arranged in the water channel seedling raising pond; s103, arranging a plurality of water flow driving devices in the pond so that water in the pond can form backflow water under the action of the plurality of water flow driving devices; s104, respectively arranging a water pushing and oxygenation facility and a sedimentation and dirt collection pond at two opposite sides of the diversion wall of the water flow groove seedling raising pond, wherein two ends of the water flow groove are respectively communicated with the water pushing and oxygenation facility and the sedimentation and dirt collection pond facility. The running water tank system can form a stable backflow water system in the pond, simulate running water such as rivers and the like, and improve the survival rate of siniperca chuatsi fries.

Description

A seedling breeding method for mandarin fish with cocked mouth fed in running water tank

technical field

The invention relates to a method for cultivating fry, in particular to a method for cultivating fry of mandarin fish with cocked mouth as feed in a running water tank.

Background technique

Mandarin fish (Sinipera chuatsi) is a traditional rare freshwater fish in my country, commonly known as sweet-scented osmanthus fish, seasonal flower fish, etc. Taxonomically, it belongs to Perciforme, Serrandiae, and Siniperca. It was not until the 1930s that pond culture of mandarin fish began to exist in our country. The breeds were mainly S. chuatsi and S. scherzeri. Achieving success, the solution of natural live bait, has provided guarantee for the aquaculture industry development of mandarin fish. After entering the 21st century, mandarin fish farming has entered its peak development opportunity, and the farming is characterized by specialization, scale, and standardization, and the output continues to increase.

In recent years, with the improvement of people's living standards and the upgrading of consumption, consumption is no longer limited to the "four major fish" and other farmed species; mandarin fish is because of its delicate meat, delicious taste, no intermuscular thorns, high nutritional value and deep Loved by the people. The aquaculture volume of mandarin fish is also increasing year by year. According to statistics from the 2022 Fishery Yearbook, the output of mandarin fish aquaculture in my country in 2021 is 373,900 tons, the average price at the pond mouth is 50 yuan/Kg, and the output value exceeds 20 billion yuan. 250,000 tons, an increase of more than 100,000 tons in 10 years, and has become a farmed economic fish with great development potential in my country. With the expansion of mandarin fish farming scale, the demand for seedlings continues to increase. In 2020, the output of mandarin fish seedlings in my country will exceed 2 billion. Guangdong, with its natural climate advantages, has become the main production area of mandarin fish fry in the country, accounting for 90% of the national output. above 95.

Mandarin fish is a carnivorous fish that eats bait fish from fry to grow-out stage; the traditional breeding method of mandarin fish fry is to feed palatable dace in ponds, which is easily affected by the natural climate and the cost of bait is high; Due to the inbreeding of the parents, the germplasm of the fry is degraded and the disease resistance is weak. People try to use artificial feed to breed mandarin fish fry, but the current domestication technology is immature and diseases occur frequently, resulting in low survival rate and low quality of mandarin fish fry.

Traditional mandarin fish seed cultivation includes the following methods:

(1) Cultivation of mandarin fish fry in ponds

The feeding habit of mandarin fish larvae is that they have the ability to swim after 3 days from the membrane, some fry can eat with their mouths, and all of them can eat live bait after 4 days. The mandarin fish always eats live fish bait from the time they open their mouths, and does not actively eat floating fish. Animals and other non-fry baits do not eat dead fry, which is completely different from the feeding habits of other carnivorous fish larvae known so far. Therefore, it is very important to provide palatable and sufficient bait fish in the fry cultivation stage, and it is also a key factor for the successful production of mandarin fish fry. Seedlings in mandarin fish ponds need to be fed with bait fish such as dace all the time until the mandarin fish fry reach 5-10cm, then they can be sold or divided into ponds. The bait fish (dace) is expensive and easy to carry parasites or pathogenic bacteria. At the same time, dace is seasonal and cannot be supplied all year round. As a result, mandarin fish fry have no bait in low temperature seasons, which seriously affects the survival rate of fry.

(2) Cage feed mandarin fish seedling cultivation

The size of mandarin fish cages is preferably 10-20m ² . In order to facilitate feeding of mandarin fish, sunshade nets are built above the cages. The location requirements are sheltered from the wind, sunny, wide water surface, with a certain amount of micro-flowing water, and the water depth is more than 2m. In the net cage, 500-1000 mandarin fish fry are stocked per cubic water body. The specific situation depends on the bait fish, water quality conditions, and the breeder's technology Level depends. After 20-30 days of feed domestication in the net cage, the mandarin fish can reach a stable intake of feed, the size of which is 20-50g/tail, and it can be sold. Cage mandarin fish seedling cultivation, when a disease breaks out, it is inconvenient to use drugs, it is difficult to prevent and control the disease, and it is easily affected by the natural climate, resulting in unstable survival rate of fry.

Contents of the invention

The invention provides a method for cultivating mandarin fish seedlings fed in running water tanks, so as to at least improve the survival rate of fry.

The present invention provides a method for cultivating seedlings of mandarin fish with cocked mouth as feed in a running water tank, which includes the preparation of the running water tank system, and the preparation of the running water tank system includes the process of setting the running water tank:

S101. Select a pond, and set a diversion wall in the middle of the pond, so that there are gaps between the diversion wall and both sides of the pond;

S102. A running water tank nursery pool is provided in at least one side of the gap, so that the side wall of the running water tank nursery pool is in contact with the diversion wall; multiple rows of side-by-side running water tanks are arranged in the running water tank nursery pool;

S103. Install multiple water flow driving devices in the pond, so that the water in the pond can form backflow water under the action of multiple water flow driving devices;

S104. Set water pushing and aeration facilities and sedimentation and sewage collection tanks on the opposite sides of the diversion wall in the flow tank nursery pool.

Further, the area of the pond is not less than 20 mu, the depth of the pond is 1-3m, and the standard water level of the pond is higher than 1m during the seedling cultivation process.

Further, during the seedling cultivation process of the pond, the standard water level of the pond is 1.7-2.0m.

Further, the length of the flow channel nursery pool is 15-30m, the width is 2-10m, and the depth is 1-3m.

Further, a plurality of nano-aeration disks are arranged in the seedling pond of the flowing water tank.

Further, the water flow driving device is an impeller waterwheel.

Further, the process of setting the flow tank also includes:

S105. Set up a sewage treatment pool on one side of the pond, so that the sedimentation sewage collection pool is connected with the sewage treatment pool.

Further, the preparation of the flume system also includes the flume cleaning process:

S201. Clean and disinfect the convection sink;

S202. Control the water quality in the flow tank to meet the standards for mandarin fish fry breeding.

Furthermore, the pH of the water in the running water tank is 7.0-8.0, the ammonia nitrogen content is ≤0.1 mg/L, the nitrite is ≤0.01 mg/L, and the dissolved oxygen is ≥5 ppm.

Further, the seed cultivation method also includes

The selection of cocked mouth mandarin fish fry, the selection of the cocked mouth mandarin fish fry is used to select healthy fry;

The throwing-in of crooked mandarin fish fry, the throwing-in of described crooked mandarin fish fry is used to reduce the stress of fry, wherein, the throwing density of crooked mandarin fish fry is 500-1000 tail/m ³ water bodies in the described flow tank;

The feed domestication of mandarin fish fry with cocked mouth is used for cultivating fry.

At present, mandarin fish seedlings are mainly cultivated in ponds, and pond cultivation is easily affected by weather and climate, limited by the harvest and supply of bait fish, and has strong seasonality. At the same time, bait fish are easy to carry parasites and pathogenic bacteria Etc. Compared with the prior art, the present invention adopts the flow tank system to realize the cultivation of mandarin fish seedlings with cocked mouth. It has the advantages of stable bait supply, convenient feeding, neat growth of fry specifications, low disease incidence rate, and high survival rate.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a flowchart of an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the flow tank system according to the embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed ways

In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the present invention, rather than Full examples.

The embodiment of the present invention provides a method for cultivating mandarin fish seedlings fed in a running water tank, specifically as follows.

Step 1: Preparation of the flume system

1. Set up the sink process

The pond mouth area should not be too small, preferably more than 30 mu. The depth of the pond is about 2 meters, and the annual water level is not lower than 1.5m, preferably between 1.7 and 2.0m. There must be a biological oxidation tank for sewage sedimentation next to the water tank. The pond has convenient transportation, which can ensure that the feed and fish carts can directly reach the system workbench. The design length of the flow tank is 26m, width 5m, and height 2.5m, of which 22m is the nursery area, the front 1m is the water pushing area, and the end 3m is the sedimentation and sewage collection pool. The sewage collection pool can be appropriately expanded to improve the collection effect. The depth of the water tank is 2.5m, which can be appropriately increased or decreased according to the depth of the pond. A complete ecological seedling raising system of circulating flow tank in the pond mainly includes pushing water and aeration facilities, flow tank seedling pond, flushing pump system, sewage collection system, sewage treatment system, water quality monitoring system, diversion wall, bottom aeration equipment and barrier Auxiliary equipment such as fish fences, backup generators, and fishing equipment (as shown in the figure below).

2. Cleaning and disinfection of the sink

Use a high-pressure water gun to thoroughly remove silt and dirt in the water tank, and spray bleaching powder for disinfection. Use 4-5kg for each water tank. Measure the residual chlorine after use, and use it after testing that there is no residual chlorine.

3. Water quality control and management of flow tank

Before the mandarin fish fry are stocked, the water quality of the aquaculture water body should be adjusted, mainly including the use of chemicals to disinfect the pond, remove wild fish and excessive snails, predatory aquatic animals, fish pathogenic bacteria and parasites, etc., and give the mandarin fish fry Provide a healthy aquaculture water environment, and regularly detect the content of dissolved oxygen, pH value, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and other indicators in the water body. If these values deviate from a large range or reach the warning value, corresponding measures should be taken in time to ensure For the healthy growth and development of fry, the physical and chemical indicators of water quality are required in the following table.

project pH Ammonia nitrogen Nitrite dissolved oxygen Physical and chemical indicators 7.0-8.0 ≤0.1mg/L ≤0.01mg/L ≥5ppm

Step 2: Selection of squid fry

1. Quality identification of mandarin fish fry

2. Select the specifications of fry

The size of mandarin carp fry suitable for domestication is 2.5-5.0g/tail, and the total length is 5.0-9.0cm; the number of matching dace: for every 10,000 mandarin fish fry, 25-50Kg of dace, size 4000 -5000 tails/catties, dace need to be microscopically checked for parasites.

Step 3: Putting the mandarin fish fry with cocked mouth

Find a driver with experience in seedling transportation in advance, and use iodine preparations to disinfect the seedling transportation vehicle. The transportation distance should not exceed 800km. After the mandarin fish fry are selected on the spot, the fry should be stopped for 24 hours, and anti-stress products (stress spirit) should be sprinkled in the fry transport vehicle. Ice should not be added to the fry vehicle during transportation; the maximum transport density of fry is 5000 fish/m ³ . The lower the density, the better the survival rate.

The mandarin fish fry have been transported long distances, and the suitable time for seedlings in summer is 5-6 o'clock in the morning, when the water temperature is suitable and the dissolved oxygen is sufficient in the morning. When the seedlings are lowered, use the chute to put the fry into the running water tank, and sprinkle the stress spirit in time. After the fry are stable, iodine preparations are sprinkled for disinfection to prevent the fry from being infected with diseases due to long-distance transportation damage. The seedling density in the flow tank is: 500-1000 tails/m ³ water body.

Step 4: Feed domestication of mandarin fish fry

1. Day 1-3 of mandarin fish domestication

(1) Disinfection: On the first 1-2 days of training, use iodine preparations to disinfect the mandarin fish fry in the running water tank every day. Sprinkle once in the morning and evening, and use according to the instructions.

(2) Feeding time of bait: 5:30-6:00 in the morning (just after dawn) and 6:30-7:00 in the evening (when the sun goes down) for domesticated mandarin fish in summer. Black time adjustment.

(3) Feeding skills: use salt to treat the dace into a semi-live state before feeding each meal. The dosage is 5kg of dace + 0.5kg of salt, mix well before use. Observe the active state of the dace, and increase or decrease the amount of salt.

(4) Feeding amount of bait: 5kg dace per meal per 10,000 fry.

2. Day 4-6 of mandarin fish domestication

(1) Bait feeding skills: mix eel powder with dace before feeding each meal, and the ratio of dace to powder is 8:1. Mixing feeding technique: spread a layer of powder in the container first, pour the dace into the container, then add the remaining powder, and mix well, every dace has powder on it, and most of the dace have just died .

(2) Feeding amount of bait: 5-7.5kg of dace + powder for every 10,000 fry.

3. Day 7-14 of mandarin fish domestication

(1) Fry sorting: on the 7th day of domestication of mandarin fish fry, use a steel sieve of appropriate size to sieve (9-way steel sieve), and gather fry of the same size into the same flow tank.

(2) Feed feeding skills: feed mandarin fish puffed compound feed 2# or 3# feed, mandarin fish feed 30 minutes in advance, mix well with multidimensional + bile acid + lactic acid bacteria (Clostridium butyricum), soften the feed into soft granules shape, which is conducive to the feeding and digestion of mandarin fish, and at the same time supplementary feeding dace bait mixed with powder. The amount of feed to be fed is 2-2.5kg for every 10,000 fish, and 2.5-5kg for dace.

(3) Mandarin fish domestication skills: The flushing pump needs to be turned on in advance, 30 minutes in advance or kept off; use the jet of the water pump to stimulate the fry to swim to the water surface, and the feed is fed slowly at the beginning of domestication. Wait for most of the fry to swim to the water surface. It is a normal phenomenon that some feed will be wasted in the process of large feeding amount and increasing feeding frequency. The acclimatization time is about 30 minutes, and when the number of fry or food intake is obviously reduced, the feeding can be stopped slowly.

4. Day 15-30 of mandarin fish domestication

(1) Bait feeding skills: during the 15th to 21st day of mandarin fish domestication, no bait fish (dace) was fed, only mandarin fish feed was fed; the mandarin fish compound feed should be softened in advance, and at the same time mixed with Animal health products that protect the liver and gallbladder, such as multivitamins, bile acids, and Chinese herbal medicines. (2) Fry sieving: on the 22nd day of domestication of mandarin fish fry, use a steel sieve of appropriate size (12 dynasties) to sieve out the smaller fry, and pick out the fry with obvious belly reduction and put them in Go to the same sink and continue training.

(3) Fry sale: mandarin fish fry are domesticated on the 23rd to 30th day, and feed is fed once in the morning and evening, and only mandarin fish puffed compound feed is fed. After the mandarin fish fry have been domesticated for 30 days, the fry can be sold or cultured in fixed ponds when the food is stable and the specifications meet the standards.

Step 5: Daily management of squid fry

1. Water quality management of mandarin fish fry

(1) Inspection flow tank

Before and after feeding the bait every day, inspect the fish fry in the flow tank to observe the fish fry activity and water quality changes, and avoid the pool water being too turbid or fertile. Find problems in time and take measures to solve them.

(2) Frequently open oxygenation facilities

Each flow tank is equipped with a certain number of nano-aeration facilities, and more than half of the nano-aeration tubes are kept for 24h oxygenation.

(3) Change the bottom frequently

It is recommended to use chemical bottom modification or biological bottom modification products alternately on a regular basis to prevent the growth and reproduction of heterotrophic bacteria at the bottom, and reduce bottom odor, bottom heat, bubbling, pantothenic acid and other phenomena.

(4) Frequently used bacteria

On the one hand, probiotics can consume the organic matter in the water body, and on the other hand, they can directly provide nutrition for the single-celled algae. Algae are natural nitrite "degraders".

(5) fertilization

Regularly fertilize a small amount and multiple times according to the fatness and thinness of the water body to increase the abundance of algae in the purified pond, keep the fertilizer appropriate, and the transparency should be 30cm.

2. Disease control of mandarin fish fry

The main diseases of mandarin fish fry cultivation include bacterial diseases, parasitic diseases and viral diseases, among which viral diseases are the most serious, and the fatality rate is high after the outbreak. The breeding process implements healthy breeding, scientific management, prevention first, taking health-care drugs for a long time to improve the disease resistance of fry; regular sampling and inspection of fish diseases and liver and gallbladder conditions, once a week is appropriate, once abnormalities are found, timely and accurate diagnosis, Precision medicine.

(1) Bacterial diseases

The bacterial diseases of mandarin fish are mainly bacterial septicemia and bacterial gill rot. The pathogens for treatment are Aeromonas hydrophila and Flavobacterium respectively. Extensive congestion or bleeding on the surface, redness and swelling in the anus, plaque-like hemorrhage in the liver, red turbid ascites in the abdominal cavity, congestion or bleeding in the intestinal tract, and gill anemia due to excessive blood loss in sick fish. Earthy yellow and other symptoms. It can be controlled by means of external elimination and internal administration, oral administration of antibiotics and internal products, and external splashing of iodine preparations to disinfect the water body.

(2) Parasitic diseases

The main pathogens of mandarin fish parasitic diseases are ciliates, myxospores, and monogenetic trematodes. Among them, trichomonas are ciliates that parasitize fish gills and the surface of fish bodies, often harm fry and fish species, are popular in spring and autumn, and the water temperature is 18-28°C; myxospores mainly parasitize gills, harm adult fish, and seriously infect It can lead to the death of fish and is prevalent from April to July; among the monogenetic trematodes, it is mainly the disease of ringworms. The body of ringworms is oblong, moves like an inchworm, and parasitizes on the gills of mandarin fish; Hooks penetrate the epithelium of the gills, and damage to the gills often leads to bacterial and fungal infections. Scientific breeding management is an effective means to prevent and control parasitic diseases, which can be prevented and controlled through accurate diagnosis, early prevention, rational use of drugs, and scientific prevention and control. Note that mandarin fish is very sensitive to drugs. To kill insects, you need to use special insecticides for mandarin fish. They are extremely sensitive to trichlorfon, so do not use them.

(3) Viral diseases

The viruses that infect mandarin fish mainly include infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus, iridovirus and rhabdovirus. Epidemiological surveys have shown that the situation of infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus carried by mandarin mandarin fishes in Guangdong, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, and Anhui provinces is relatively serious. It can occur in mid-to-late April every year when the water temperature is above 20°C, and it can occur in mid-to-late November. The onset stops when the water temperature decreases, and occurs frequently in the season of high water temperature from July to October. The disease is acute and the mortality rate is high. The mortality rate within one week after the onset can reach 90%, which is a great threat to the culture of mandarin fish. Forage fish are also vectors for disease transmission. In the process of mandarin fish culture, the disinfection of feeding bait fish is very necessary. Viral diseases should be prevented and treated early, and virus detection should be carried out in time. After the outbreak, there is no specific drug treatment.

The method for cultivating mandarin fish fry with cocked mouth in the running water tank of the embodiment of the present invention, the mode of feeding and acclimating the fish fry in the running water tank has the following innovations: (1) large-scale cultivation of mandarin fish fry with cocked mouth in feed; (2) high degree of intensification , Centralized training of fish fry, convenient for disease prevention and control; (3) Ecologically green water quality, healthy seedling ecology; (4) Low-carbon environmental protection, less pollution.

Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that after reading this After the description of the application, the specific implementation mode of the present invention can still be modified or equivalently replaced, but none of these modifications or changes departs from the protection scope of the pending claims of the present application.

Claims (10)

1. The method for cultivating the fries of the siniperca chuatsi in the water trough feed is characterized by comprising the preparation of a water trough system, wherein the preparation of the water trough system comprises the process of setting the water trough:

s101, selecting a pond, and arranging a guide wall in the middle of the pond to enable the guide wall and two sides of the pond to have gaps;

s102, arranging a water flow groove seedling raising pool at a gap of at least one side, and enabling the side wall of the water flow groove seedling raising pool to be abutted against a guide wall; a plurality of rows of parallel water channels are arranged in the water channel seedling raising pond;

s103, arranging a plurality of water flow driving devices in the pond so that water in the pond can form backflow water under the action of the plurality of water flow driving devices;

s104, respectively arranging a water pushing and oxygenation facility and a sedimentation and dirt collection pond at two opposite sides of the diversion wall of the water flow groove seedling raising pond, wherein two ends of the water flow groove are respectively communicated with the water pushing and oxygenation facility and the sedimentation and dirt collection pond facility.

2. The method for cultivating the mandarin fish fries by using the water flow channel feed according to claim 1, wherein the area of the pond is not less than 20 mu, the depth of the pond is 1-3 m, and the standard water level of the pond is higher than 1 meter in the process of cultivating the fries.

3. The method for cultivating the mandarin fish fries by using the water flow channel feed according to claim 1, wherein the standard water level of the pond is 1.7-2.0 m in the cultivation process of the fries.

4. The method for cultivating the mandarin fish fries fed with the water flow channel according to claim 1, wherein the length of the water flow channel seedling pool is 15-30 m, the width is 2-10 m, and the depth is 1-3 m.

5. The method for cultivating the mandarin fish fries as defined in claim 1, wherein a plurality of nano oxygen increasing discs are arranged in the water flow tank seedling raising pool.

6. The method for cultivating the mandarin fish fries fed with the water flow channel according to claim 1, wherein the water flow driving device is an impeller type waterwheel.

7. The method for cultivating the mandarin fish fries fed with the water flow channel according to claim 1, wherein the water flow channel setting process further comprises:

s105, arranging a sewage treatment tank on one side of the pond, and enabling the sedimentation and sewage collection tank to be communicated with the sewage treatment tank.

8. The method for cultivating the mandarin fish fries in the water channel feed of claim 1, wherein the preparation of the water channel system further comprises a water channel cleaning process:

s201, cleaning and disinfecting the convection groove;

s202, controlling the water quality in the water flowing groove to meet the mandarin fish fry culture standard.

9. The method for cultivating the mandarin fish fries as claimed in claim 8, wherein the water quality in the water flowing tank has pH of 7.0-8.0, ammonia nitrogen content less than or equal to 0.1mg/L, nitrite less than or equal to 0.01mg/L, and dissolved oxygen more than or equal to 5ppm.

10. The method for cultivating the offspring seeds of the siniperca chuatsi fed with the flume according to claim 1, further comprising

Selecting mandarin fish fries, wherein the mandarin fish fries are used for selecting healthy fries;

the mandarin fish fry throwing method comprises the following steps of throwing mandarin fish fries with a siniperca chuatsi, wherein the mandarin fish fries with a siniperca chuatsi throwing density of 500-1000 tails/m in the water flowing tank are used for reducing the stress of the mandarin fish fries ³ A body of water;

the mandarin fish fries are domesticated by the feed, and the mandarin fish fries are cultivated by the feed domestication.

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