CN116171675A - Method for improving organic matter content of soil through cultivation without moving soil - Google Patents
Method for improving organic matter content of soil through cultivation without moving soil Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002688 soil aggregate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 125000001477 organic nitrogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000004016 soil organic matter Substances 0.000 claims description 26
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于农业栽培技术领域，尤其涉及一种不动土栽培提高土壤有机质含量的方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, and in particular relates to a method for increasing soil organic matter content through soilless cultivation.
背景技术Background technique
土壤有机质在果树高效生长和生产中具有重要作用。土壤有机质可起到满足果树生长需求的矿物质营养、提高果树吸收能力和抗逆性、促进树体生长和果实发育、提高果实品质和产量等作用。有机质含量高是优质果园的重要标志之一，是果树丰产、优质的重要条件。Soil organic matter plays an important role in the efficient growth and production of fruit trees. Soil organic matter can meet the mineral nutrition required by fruit tree growth, improve the absorption capacity and stress resistance of fruit trees, promote tree growth and fruit development, and improve fruit quality and yield. High organic matter content is one of the important symbols of high-quality orchards, and it is an important condition for high-yield and high-quality fruit trees.
当前果园普遍存在有机质含量较低的问题。为此，提高果园土壤有机质含量是广大果农、学者长期面临的重要课题。目前，提高土壤有机质含量主要包括施用商品有机肥、利用养殖业废弃物、绿肥种植、落叶(枝条)归根、使用高浓缩悬浮有机水溶肥等方法。At present, there is a common problem of low organic matter content in orchards. For this reason, increasing the organic matter content of orchard soil is an important issue faced by the majority of orchard farmers and scholars for a long time. At present, increasing soil organic matter content mainly includes the application of commercial organic fertilizers, the use of aquaculture waste, green manure planting, rooting of fallen leaves (branches), and the use of highly concentrated suspended organic water-soluble fertilizers.
绿肥作物是提供作物肥源和培肥土壤的作物。栽培绿肥以豆科作物为主，如紫云英、苜蓿、草木樨、柽麻、田菁、蚕豆、苕子、紫穗槐等；非豆科作物有肥田萝卜、荞麦等，以及各种水生绿肥。绿肥作物在经过一定期间生长之后，将其绿色茎叶切断直接翻入土中，也可沤制土肥施用。绿肥能改善土壤结构，促进土壤熟化，增强地力，但现有的绿肥在使用时往往得不到充分的发酵利用，导致土壤有机质含量的提高幅度有限。Green manure crops are crops that provide a source of fertilizer for crops and soil. The cultivated green manure is mainly leguminous crops, such as milk vetch, alfalfa, sweet clover, tamarind, field green, broad bean, sweet potato, amorpha, etc.; non-legume crops include fat field radish, buckwheat, etc., and various aquatic plants. green manure. After the green manure crops have grown for a certain period of time, their green stems and leaves are cut off and directly turned into the soil, or they can be retting and applied as soil fertilizer. Green manure can improve soil structure, promote soil maturation, and enhance soil fertility, but the existing green manure is often not fully fermented and utilized when used, resulting in a limited increase in soil organic matter content.
因此，提供一种不动土栽培提高土壤有机质含量的方法具有重要意义。Therefore, it is of great significance to provide a method for improving soil organic matter content through soilless cultivation.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为解决现有技术中存在的问题，本发明提供一种不动土栽培提高土壤有机质含量的方法，通过不动土的方式为土壤补充有机碳源和有机氮源，并在微生物作用下形成土壤团粒结构，避免板结，有效提高土壤有机质含量。In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for increasing soil organic matter content through non-soil cultivation, which supplements the organic carbon source and organic nitrogen source for the soil through the non-soil method, and forms a soil aggregate structure under the action of microorganisms , avoid compaction, and effectively increase the content of soil organic matter.
本发明的目的将通过下面的详细描述来进一步说明。The object of the present invention will be further clarified by the following detailed description.
本发明提供一种不动土栽培提高土壤有机质含量的方法，包括如下步骤：The invention provides a method for improving soil organic matter content through soilless cultivation, comprising the steps of:
(1)果园土壤检测：检测果园土壤的有机质含量；(1) Orchard soil detection: detect the organic matter content of the orchard soil;
(2)固氮绿肥种植：播种第一绿肥种子，撒施有机肥，播种期间为10月至11月；所述第一绿肥为苕子；(2) Nitrogen-fixing green manure planting: sow the first green manure seeds, spread organic fertilizer, and the sowing period is from October to November; the first green manure is sweet potato;
(3)第一绿肥原位发酵：待所述第一绿肥生长至自然枯萎后，浇液体有机菌肥，第一绿肥原位发酵分解，通过不动土的方式为土壤补充有机碳源和有机氮源；(3) In-situ fermentation of the first green manure: after the first green manure grows to naturally wither, pour liquid organic fertilizer, the first green manure is fermented and decomposed in situ, and supplements organic carbon source and organic nitrogen to the soil by immovable soil source;
(4)固碳绿肥种植：检测第一绿肥原位发酵后土壤表层的有机质含量，待土壤表层的有机质含量达到2％以上，播种第二绿肥种子；所述第二绿肥为肥田萝卜；(4) Carbon-fixing green manure planting: detect the organic matter content of the soil surface after the in-situ fermentation of the first green manure, and sow the second green manure seeds after the organic matter content of the soil surface reaches more than 2%; the second green manure is fertile radish;
(5)第一绿肥和第二绿肥原位发酵：待所述第二绿肥长大成型，并扎入土壤达30-60cm深，将第一绿肥和第二绿肥的地上部分刈割后覆盖于土壤表面，让第二绿肥的地下部分留在土壤中；然后浇液体有机菌肥，第一绿肥和第二绿肥原位发酵分解，通过不动土的方式为土壤补充有机碳源和有机氮源，形成土壤团粒结构。(5) in-situ fermentation of the first green manure and the second green manure: after the second green manure grows into shape and penetrates into the soil to a depth of 30-60 cm, the ground parts of the first green manure and the second green manure are mowed and covered in On the soil surface, let the underground part of the second green manure stay in the soil; then pour the liquid organic fertilizer, the first green manure and the second green manure will be fermented and decomposed in situ, and the organic carbon source and organic nitrogen source will be added to the soil by means of immovable soil. form soil aggregates.
采用上述技术方案，本发明通过不动土方式，无需对土壤进行翻耕，也避免了翻耕过程对土壤团粒结构的破坏，且通过两种不同绿肥、液体有机菌肥的合理搭配使用，促进了协同固氮和固碳，实现了绿肥的充分发酵利用，能有效抑制杂草生长，保持水土，培肥土壤，增强有益微生物的活性，可促进土壤团粒结构的快速形成，避免板结，使绿肥在使用时得到充分的发酵利用，实现低成本有效提高土壤有机质含量，提高土壤自然供肥能力，修复果园土壤生态。首年播种第一绿肥，后续年年有第一绿肥的效果。By adopting the above technical scheme, the present invention does not need to plow the soil through the method of not moving the soil, and also avoids the damage to the soil aggregate structure during the plowing process, and through the rational use of two different green manures and liquid organic fertilizers, it promotes Cooperating with nitrogen fixation and carbon fixation, the full fermentation and utilization of green manure is realized, which can effectively inhibit the growth of weeds, maintain water and soil, fertilize the soil, enhance the activity of beneficial microorganisms, and promote the rapid formation of soil aggregate structure, avoid compaction, and make green manure more effective in use When it is fully fermented and utilized, it can effectively increase the content of soil organic matter at low cost, improve the natural fertilizer supply capacity of the soil, and restore the soil ecology of the orchard. Sow the first green manure in the first year, and it will have the effect of the first green manure every year.
优选地，所述有机菌肥为益合源，由江西不动土农业科技有限公司提供。Preferably, the organic bacterial fertilizer is Yiheyuan, provided by Jiangxi Fudo Soil Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd.
优选地，所述果园为土壤有机质含量小于1％的老果园或新开果园。通过第一绿肥的原位发酵，使土壤表层有机质含量提高至2％以上，为第二绿肥的生长和原位发酵创造了有利条件。Preferably, the orchard is an old orchard with a soil organic matter content of less than 1% or a newly opened orchard. Through the in-situ fermentation of the first green manure, the organic matter content of the soil surface layer is increased to more than 2%, and favorable conditions are created for the growth and in-situ fermentation of the second green manure.
优选地，所述播种是在土壤湿润的情况下进行，采用条播和/或穴播。Preferably, the sowing is carried out when the soil is moist, using drill sowing and/or hole sowing.
优选地，所述第一绿肥为光叶苕子和/或毛叶苕子，播种量为3-4.5kg/亩。第一绿肥种子播种后，1-2月后(到翌年的1月底)基本可以达到70％-80％果园绿肥覆盖，2-3月实现果园全覆盖，3-4月进入始花期，此时每亩绿肥产量可以达到2.5-5吨，4月中旬左右进入盛花期，5-6月份进入结荚和自然枯萎期，种子落地后，成为新的种源，10-11月再自然发芽生长。这样可以达到首年播种第一绿肥，后续年年有第一绿肥的效果。Preferably, the first green manure is sweet potato and/or sweet potato, and the sowing rate is 3-4.5kg/mu. After the first green manure seeds are sown, 70%-80% orchard green manure coverage can be basically achieved after 1-2 months (to the end of January of the following year), full coverage of the orchard is achieved in 2-3 months, and the initial flowering period is entered in 3-4 months. The output of green manure per mu can reach 2.5-5 tons. It enters the full flowering period around mid-April, and enters the pod setting and natural withering period from May to June. After the seeds fall to the ground, they become a new source of provenance, and then germinate and grow naturally in October-November. In this way, the first green manure can be planted in the first year, and the effect of the first green manure can be achieved every year in the following years.
优选地，所述第二绿肥的播种量为1-2kg/亩。第二绿肥种子播种后，1-2月后基本可以实现果园全覆盖，3-4月后(到翌年的2-3月)肥田萝卜已经长大成型，此时每亩鲜重产量可以达到4-5吨(土壤贫瘠的果园产量在2吨多)，3月份底左右进入于抽薹现蕾期，4月份进入盛花期，5-6月份进入结荚和自然枯萎期。Preferably, the sowing rate of the second green manure is 1-2kg/mu. After the second green manure seed is sown, the full coverage of the orchard can be basically achieved after 1-2 months, and after 3-4 months (to February-March of the next year), the fat field radish has grown into shape, and the fresh weight yield per mu can reach 4 -5 tons (the output of orchards with poor soil is more than 2 tons), it enters the bolting and budding period around the end of March, enters the full flowering period in April, and enters the pod formation and natural withering period from May to June.
优选地，所述有机肥为益合欣，由江西不动土农业科技有限公司提供，其施用量为100-200kg/亩。Preferably, the organic fertilizer is Yihexin, provided by Jiangxi Fudotu Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., and its application rate is 100-200kg/mu.
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果包括：本发明通过不动土方式，无需对土壤进行翻耕，也避免了翻耕过程对土壤团粒结构的破坏，且通过两种不同绿肥、液体有机菌肥的合理搭配使用，促进了协同固氮和固碳，实现了绿肥的充分发酵利用，能有效抑制杂草生长，保持水土，培肥土壤，增强有益微生物的活性，可促进土壤团粒结构的快速形成，避免板结，使绿肥在使用时得到充分的发酵利用，实现低成本、有效提高土壤有机质含量。Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention include: the present invention does not need to plow the soil through the method of not moving the soil, and also avoids the damage to the soil aggregate structure during the plowing process, and through two different green manures, liquid organic The rational use of bacterial fertilizers promotes synergistic nitrogen fixation and carbon fixation, realizes the full fermentation and utilization of green manure, can effectively inhibit the growth of weeds, maintain water and soil, fertilize the soil, enhance the activity of beneficial microorganisms, and promote the rapid development of soil aggregate structure. Formation, avoid hardening, make green manure fully fermented and utilized during use, realize low cost and effectively increase soil organic matter content.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的固氮绿肥种植效果示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the nitrogen-fixing green manure planting effect of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明做进一步详细说明。The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
本发明中，所涉及的材料或试剂均为常规市售产品，或可通过本领域的常规技术手段获得。土壤有机质含量的测定参照NY/T 1121.6-2006方法。In the present invention, the materials or reagents involved are all conventional commercially available products, or can be obtained by conventional technical means in the field. The determination of soil organic matter content refers to the method of NY/T 1121.6-2006.
实施例一不动土栽培提高土壤有机质含量的方法Embodiment one does not move the method of soil cultivation to improve soil organic matter content
本实施例为江西省赣州市定南县某新开垦的果园(果园占地面积100亩，种有纽荷尔脐橙)提高土壤有机质含量的方法。一种不动土栽培提高土壤有机质含量的方法，包括如下步骤：This embodiment is a method for improving soil organic matter content in a newly reclaimed orchard in Dingnan County, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province (the orchard covers an area of 100 mu, and Newhall navel oranges are planted). A method for improving soil organic matter content through soilless cultivation, comprising the steps of:
(1)果园土壤检测：检测果园土壤的有机质含量；检测结果为：pH为4.73，土壤的有机质含量为0.219％；土壤有机质含量小于1％，土壤非常贫瘠；(1) Orchard soil detection: detect the organic matter content of the orchard soil; the test result is: pH is 4.73, and the organic matter content of the soil is 0.219%; the soil organic matter content is less than 1%, and the soil is very barren;
(2)固氮绿肥种植：降雨后土壤湿润的情况下，采用条播和穴播的方式播种第一绿肥种子，播种期间为2020年10月底，撒施有机肥——益合欣，其用量为150kg/亩，第一绿肥为毛叶苕子，毛叶苕子播种量为4kg/亩；2021年2月底，第一绿肥开始旺盛生长，实现果园全覆盖，可实现覆盖抑制杂草，3月下旬到4月上旬进入始花期，此时每亩毛叶苕子鲜重产量达到2.2-2.8吨，4月份进入盛花期；(2) Nitrogen-fixing green manure planting: When the soil is moist after the rainfall, the first green manure seeds are sown by drill and hole sowing. The sowing period is the end of October 2020, and the organic fertilizer - Yihexin is applied at a dosage of 150kg/ Mu, the first green manure is vetch, and the sowing rate of vetch is 4kg/mu; at the end of February 2021, the first green manure will start to grow vigorously, achieving full coverage of the orchard, which can achieve mulching and suppression of weeds, and enter from late March to early April At the beginning of flowering period, the fresh weight yield per mu of vetch will reach 2.2-2.8 tons, and it will enter the full flowering period in April;
(3)第一绿肥原位发酵：2021年5月，毛叶苕子进入自然枯萎期，浇液体有机菌肥——益合源，其用量为5kg/亩，第一绿肥原位发酵分解，通过不动土的方式为土壤补充有机碳源和有机氮源，也可实现覆盖抑制杂草、保持水土、培肥土壤的作用；(3) In-situ fermentation of the first green manure: In May 2021, the vetch will enter the natural withering period, and the liquid organic bacterial fertilizer - Yiheyuan will be poured at a dosage of 5kg/mu. The first green manure will be fermented and decomposed in situ. The method of soil breaking can supplement the organic carbon source and organic nitrogen source for the soil, and can also achieve the functions of covering and suppressing weeds, maintaining water and soil, and fertilizing the soil;
(4)固碳绿肥种植：2021年10月，采集表层0-20cm土壤样品，检测绿肥原位发酵后土壤表层的有机质含量；检测结果为：pH为5.72，土壤表层的有机质含量为2.547％；2021年11月上旬，播种第二绿肥种子，第二绿肥为肥田萝卜，播种量为2kg/亩；2021年12月底基本实现果园全覆盖；(4) Carbon-fixing green manure planting: In October 2021, collect soil samples of 0-20 cm on the surface, and test the organic matter content of the soil surface after in-situ fermentation of green manure; the test results are: pH is 5.72, and the organic matter content of the soil surface is 2.547%; In the first ten days of November 2021, sow the second green manure seeds, the second green manure is fertile radish, and the sowing rate is 2kg/mu; by the end of December 2021, the orchard will basically be fully covered;
(5)第一绿肥和第二绿肥原位发酵：2022年的2月肥田萝卜已经长大成型，扎入土壤达30-60cm深，此时每亩肥田萝卜鲜重产量达到4-5吨，3月份进入于抽薹现蕾期，4月份进入盛花期，5-6月份进入结荚和自然枯萎期；将第一绿肥和第二绿肥的地上部分刈割后覆盖于土壤表面，让第二绿肥的地下部分留在土壤中，然后浇液体有机菌肥——益合源，其用量为5kg/亩，第一绿肥和第二绿肥原位发酵分解，通过不动土的方式为土壤补充有机碳源和有机氮源，形成土壤团粒结构。(5) In-situ fermentation of the first green manure and the second green manure: in February 2022, the fat field radish has grown into shape and penetrated into the soil to a depth of 30-60 cm. At this time, the fresh weight yield of each mu of fat field radish will reach 4-5 tons. March enters the bolting and budding period, April enters the blooming period, and May-June enters the pod formation and natural withering period; the aboveground parts of the first green manure and the second green manure are mowed and covered on the soil surface, so that the second green manure The underground part of the plant is left in the soil, and then poured with liquid organic bacterial fertilizer - Yiheyuan, the dosage is 5kg/mu, the first green manure and the second green manure are fermented and decomposed in situ, and the organic carbon source is added to the soil by immobilizing the soil and organic nitrogen sources to form a soil aggregate structure.
2022年8月，采集距离土壤表面20-30cm处的土壤样品，检测土壤样品的pH值、有机质含量，检测结果为：pH为6.05，土壤有机质含量为2.658％。In August 2022, soil samples were collected at a distance of 20-30 cm from the soil surface, and the pH value and organic matter content of the soil samples were tested. The test results were: pH was 6.05, and the soil organic matter content was 2.658%.
以上内容是结合具体的优选实施方式对本发明所作的进一步详细说明，不能认定本发明的具体实施只局限于这些说明。对于本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干简单推演或替换，都应当视为属于本发明的保护范围。The above content is a further detailed description of the present invention in conjunction with specific preferred embodiments, and it cannot be assumed that the specific implementation of the present invention is limited to these descriptions. For those of ordinary skill in the technical field of the present invention, without departing from the concept of the present invention, some simple deduction or replacement can be made, which should be regarded as belonging to the protection scope of the present invention.
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