CN116140940A - Method for machining functional hole of hydraulic shell in five-axis machining center - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for processing a functional hole of a hydraulic shell by a five-axis machining center. The method for processing the functional hole of the hydraulic shell by the five-axis processing center comprises the following steps: step S1, fixing a shell to be processed on the surface of a workbench; step S2, determining a machining zero point of the shell based on the five-axis machine tool infrared induction probe; step S3, based on a special cutter, adopting a layered equal-height transverse turning mode to sequentially roughen each functional hole of the shell to be machined; step S4, carrying out finish machining on the rough-milled functional hole, after finishing milling a set distance, collecting the size data of the finish-milled actually-measured hole, adjusting the cutter to compensate, continuing finishing milling the functional hole, and repeating the step until each functional hole to be machined is finish-milled; the method for processing the functional hole of the hydraulic shell in the five-axis machining center can effectively solve the problems that the precise size is difficult to ensure, the coaxiality and the size of the functional hole are unstable, the cutting speed is low, the efficiency of cutting is low, the step is connected with a cutter and the like in the process of processing the deep and long hole.

Description

A Method for Machining Functional Holes of Hydraulic Shells by Five-Axis Machining Center

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of functional hole machining, and in particular relates to a method for machining a hydraulic housing functional hole by a five-axis machining center.

Background technique

At present, the demand for civil aviation products in my country is gradually increasing, forcing the production capacity of the civil aviation manufacturing industry to be greatly increased. With the increase of scientific research projects, the production cost and processing time under the original model continue to increase, especially the delivery time is difficult to guarantee. As the key parts of hydraulic equipment, civil aviation hydraulic shell parts play a significant role in the overall function and cost of the product. play a vital role.

As a key component of the flight control system, the hydraulic housing is processed by aerospace aluminum materials. The structural features are complex, and the functional holes are relatively long and deep. The processing is difficult, and the hole diameter, position of the tool and the surface quality are poorly processed once. , need to return to debugging. The traditional processing method has a low production pass rate and a long debugging cycle, which cannot meet the timeliness requirements of the iterative update of the flight control system. The main advantage of the invention is that the product does not need to be clamped in the center of the workbench, and the five-axis linkage equipment surrounds the cutting function and cooperates with non-standard custom tools to process multiple functional holes in the form of rough turning and finishing turning on the milling machine tool. Achieve product quality stability, reduce human quality risks, reduce production costs, shorten production cycles, and have significant economic benefits.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a method for machining functional holes of a hydraulic housing by a five-axis machining center with a simple structure and a reasonable design in order to solve the above problems.

The present invention achieves the above object through the following technical solutions:

A method for machining a hydraulic casing function hole by a five-axis machining center, the method comprising the following steps:

Step S1, fixing the shell to be processed on the surface of the workbench;

Step S2, determining the machining zero point of the housing based on the infrared sensor probe of the five-axis machine tool;

Step S3, based on a special tool, adopting a layered and contoured horizontal turning method, and performing rough milling on each functional hole of the shell to be processed in turn;

Step S4, finish machining the functional hole after rough milling, collect the measured hole size data after finishing milling after setting the distance, adjust the tool compensation and continue to finish milling the functional hole, repeat this step until every A functional hole to be processed.

As a further optimization solution of the present invention, in the step S1, the surface of the workbench is fixedly connected with a fixture tool, and the fixture tool fixes the housing through a fixing component, and the fixing component includes a washer and a screw.

As a further optimization solution of the present invention, in the step S1, the process clamping surface of the housing completely coincides with the surface of the jig, and the flatness of the process clamping surface of the housing is less than or equal to 0.01 mm.

As a further optimization solution of the present invention, in the step S1, the fixing assembly locks the housing with a force of 25N*M.

As a further optimization solution of the present invention, in the step S2, the machining zero point is determined after checking the runout of the coaxiality of the infrared sensing probe.

As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, in the step S3, a 10-fold diameter internally cooled damping and shock-absorbing cutter bar, a non-standard design of 92° insert groove, a rounded corner of the tool tip R0.4 and protruding from the outer diameter of the tool bar The range is 1.5mm, and the rough milling is carried out with the JC5000 series material of the mirror polished cutting edge; and during the rough milling, the central cooling flow rate is maintained at 30mpa.

As a further optimization solution of the present invention, in the step S3, when the rough-machined functional hole is a blind hole, whether it is grooving or rough boring, it is an axial segmental operation.

As a further optimization solution of the present invention, when machining a deep blind hole, insert a hollow tool into the hole, use a water pressure of 70mpa, rinse for 10 seconds, and then rough mill the inner wall of the bottom layer in the hole.

As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, in the step S4, a 10-fold diameter internally cooled damping and shock-absorbing cutter bar, a non-standard design of 92° blade groove, a rounded corner of the tool tip R0.2 and protruding from the outer diameter of the tool bar The range is 1.2mm, combined with ultra-fine diamond sintered blades for fine milling, and during fine milling, the central cooling flow rate is maintained at 10mpa.

The beneficial effect of the present invention is that: the present invention improves the process strategy of rough turning and fine turning, and performs arc interpolation on the side of the five-axis vertical machining center with straight line 2 axes (axis vertically intersecting with the Z axis on the virtual plane). Compensation, while the milling spindle position control function makes the tip of the turning tool move vertically to the cutting surface to perform turning processing. On the machining center without turning function, turning can be performed on eccentric workpieces; and each hole does not need to be installed on the rotation center of the machine, and multiple hole systems can be processed in one clamping, which is flexible and reliable;

The invention can reduce the vibration when the product hole is deep and long, and the functional hole and the annular groove are formed at one time.

The invention changes the traditional way of thinking, has strong processing stability, and can adapt to mass production while maintaining its dimensional stability. The control index data includes: the diameter of the functional hole is guaranteed to be within 0/+0.012, and the concentricity of multiple concentric holes is guaranteed to be within 0.012. Within 0.02, the verticality between the step surface of the inner hole and the center of the hole is guaranteed to be within 0.01, etc., the optimization technology combined with the innovative processing method is an innovative process;

The invention can effectively solve the problems of difficulty in guaranteeing precise dimensions, unstable coaxiality and size of functional holes, slow cutting speed and efficiency, and steps for tool connection during deep and long hole machining.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram that housing of the present invention cooperates with workbench;

Fig. 2 is a top view structural schematic diagram of Fig. 1 of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic flow sheet of the inventive method;

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the turning principle of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the processing of the first segment of the rough turning cutting track of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the processing of the second segment of the rough turning cutting track of the present invention;

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a 10-times-diameter inner-cooled damping and vibration-absorbing tool holder of the present invention.

In the figure: 1. Workbench; 2. Fixture tooling; 3. Shell; 4. Fixed components.

Detailed ways

The application will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It is necessary to point out that the following specific embodiments are only used to further illustrate the application, and cannot be interpreted as limiting the protection scope of the application. The above application content makes some non-essential improvements and adjustments to this application.

Example 1

As shown in Figures 1 to 7, a method for machining a functional hole of a hydraulic housing with a five-axis machining center, the method includes the following steps:

Step S1, fixing the shell 3 to be processed on the surface of the workbench 1;

Step S2, determining the machining zero point of the casing 3 based on the infrared sensor probe of the five-axis machine tool;

Step S3, based on a special tool, adopting a layered and contoured horizontal turning method, and performing rough milling on each functional hole of the shell 3 to be processed in turn;

Step S4, finish machining the functional hole after rough milling, collect the measured hole size data after finishing milling after setting the distance, adjust the tool compensation and continue to finish milling the functional hole, repeat this step until every A functional hole to be processed.

Further, in the step S1, the surface of the workbench 1 is fixedly connected with a jig tool 2, and the jig tool 2 fixes the housing 3 through a fixing assembly 4, and the fixing assembly 4 includes a washer and a screw. Generally speaking, gaskets and M6 screws can be used to fix the housing 3 and the fixture tool 2 , and the fixture tool 2 is provided with at least one set of surfaces that can fit the housing 3 .

Still further, in the step S1, the process clamping surface of the housing 3 completely coincides with the surface of the fixture tooling 2, and the flatness of the process clamping surface of the housing 3 is less than or equal to 0.01mm.

Still further, in the step S1, the fixing assembly 4 locks the housing 3 with a force of 25N*M. In specific use, it is also necessary to use a dial gauge to point the dial around the casing to confirm the movement of the hands when locking.

Further, in the step S2, after checking the runout of the coaxiality of the infrared sensing probe, the machining zero point is determined, and the accuracy of the data is reversely verified.

Specifically, in the step S3, a 10-diameter inner-cooled damping and shock-absorbing cutter bar, a non-standard design of 92° insert groove, a rounded corner of the tool tip R0.4 and a protruding tool bar outer diameter range of 1.5mm, and matching Rough milling of JC5000 series materials with mirror polished cutting edges can effectively improve the surface finish of the processed material and the blade life. And during rough milling, keep the central cooling flow rate at 30mpa to prevent the tool from vibrating due to the impact of cooling water flow.

Among them, the non-standard customized 92° cutting angle special tool is used, the spindle speed is 600-800r/min, the feed rate is 0.1mm/r, the tool is controlled according to the NC program code, and the tool is layered and equal for horizontal turning. For processing, the unilateral allowance of functional holes is 0.05-0.08mm, and each functional hole is roughly milled in turn.

In the step S3, when the rough-machined functional hole is a blind hole, whether it is grooving or rough boring, it is an axial segmental operation, as shown in FIG. 4 .

When processing a deep blind hole, insert a hollow tool into the hole, use 70mpa water pressure, rinse for 10 seconds, and then rough mill the inner wall of the bottom layer in the hole to wash away the iron filings to prevent the last layer from being too much iron filings. The knife grain will be crushed when the knife cuts to the bottom of the hole.

Furthermore, when the roughing and finishing tools move out of the hole, there is a high probability that there will be chips on the tool bar. You should add M4 in the tool retracting program segment and stop for a few seconds to shake off the iron chips to ensure The surface quality of the sidewall of the inner hole.

Furthermore, when machining an outer cylinder or an inner hole, the mode selected for tool registration is: turning special mode, and distinguishes the orientation of the tool tip: the outer circle tool tip faces to the left, and the inner hole faces to the right. When in use, the dimensional accuracy can meet Within 0.015, roughness Ra1.6--Ra0.8 microns.

In the step S4, a 10-times-diameter internally cooled damping and shock-absorbing cutter bar, a non-standard design of 92° insert groove, a rounded corner of the tool tip R0.2 and a protruding tool bar outer diameter range of 1.2mm, combined with ultra-fine diamond The fine milling of sintered inserts can obtain more perfect size and surface accuracy, and during fine milling, the central cooling flow rate is maintained at 10mpa, which prevents the tool from chattering due to the impact of cooling water flow, and improves the processing efficiency and surface quality of parts.

Among them, the specific processing method for blind holes is: rough machining first, first rough milling the upper half of the hole, then retract the tool, replace the hollow tube, wash the aluminum scraps under high pressure, and then rough mill the lower half of the hole; then carry out the corresponding The fine milling operation, first fine milling hole, and then fine milling groove.

It should be noted that the method for machining the functional holes of the hydraulic housing by the five-axis machining center, when in use, the present invention improves the rough turning and finishing turning process strategies, and uses a straight line 2 axes (relatively The Z-axis on the virtual plane intersects vertically) while performing circular interpolation, and the milling spindle position control function makes the tip of the turning tool move vertically to the cutting surface to perform turning processing. On the machining center without turning function, turning can be performed on eccentric workpieces; and each hole does not need to be installed on the rotation center of the machine, and multiple hole systems can be processed in one clamping, which is flexible and reliable; The present invention can reduce the vibration when the product hole is deep and long, and the functional hole and the annular groove are processed and formed at one time, the arc of the knife is too smooth, the processing quality is good, and the production efficiency is high, and it is suitable for processing functional holes of different types and sizes; the present invention It has changed the traditional way of thinking, has strong processing stability, and can adapt to mass production while maintaining its dimensional stability. The control index data includes: the functional hole diameter guarantee tolerance is within 0/+0.012, and the concentricity of multiple concentric holes is guaranteed within 0.02. , The verticality between the step surface of the inner hole and the center of the hole is guaranteed to be within 0.01, etc. The optimization technology combined with the innovative processing method is an innovative process.

Among them, what needs to be added is that the finishing track code in the above finishing machining can be in the following form:

M660………(Machine Interference Mode OFF)

G0 G91 G28 Z0

T2T02M6

G28G91 Z0.

G90 G53 G0 Y-900……(Tool replacement, read coordinates,

G56 move to safe position point)

G91 G28 X0.

G90

M43M46………(Axis A and C of workbench are loosened)

G0 G90 A0.C0………(worktable rotation angle)

M51………(Open the center outlet)

M44M47………(table A, C axis locking)

M194………(Milling spindle position control OFF)

G18………(ZX plane selection)

G61.1………(shape compensation)

G90 G0 G43 H2 P1 X0.Y0.Z50………(turning tool length without compensation, tool offset, turning start position, positioning)

G10.9X1………(X-axis diameter command ON)

M193………(Milling spindle position control ON)

G0 G90 X12.499 Y0

Z1.443………(move to safe position point)

G148 X0.Y0………(Surround processing mode ON)

M01………(select pause)

G96S150R3………(constant peripheral speed control)

M764………(with the rotation center as the base point, the XY axis rotates in reverse)

G95 G1 X12.899 F.03...(feed per revolution)

Z-81.643

G2 X13.046 Z-81.82R.25

G1 X14.793 Z-82.694

G3 X14.939 Z-82.871R.25 (contour track of finishing hole)

G1 Z-89.2

G3 X13.439 Z-89.95R.75

G1 X12.439

X12.156 Z-89.809

M765………(rotation stop)

G149………(Surround processing mode OFF)

M9

M01………(cooling stop, move to safe position)

G0Z50.

M194………(Milling spindle position control OFF)

G28G91 Z0

G28G91X0………(move to safe position)

G90 G53 G0 Y-900.

G10.9 X0………(X-axis radius command ON)

G97 G17 G94………(circumferential speed constant control OFF, XY flat

face selection, cutting feed per minute)

M662………(Machine Interference Mode ON)

M30………(end of program and return to the beginning).

The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation modes of the present invention, and the description thereof is relatively specific and detailed, but should not be construed as limiting the patent scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A method for machining a hydraulic housing function hole by a five-axis machining center, characterized in that the method may further comprise the steps: Step S1, fixing the shell to be processed on the surface of the workbench; Step S2, determining the machining zero point of the housing based on the infrared sensor probe of the five-axis machine tool; Step S3, based on a special tool, adopting a layered and contoured horizontal turning method, and performing rough milling on each functional hole of the shell to be processed in sequence; Step S4, finish machining the functional hole after rough milling, collect the measured hole size data after finishing milling after setting the distance, adjust the tool compensation and continue to finish milling the functional hole, repeat this step until every A functional hole to be processed. 2. A method for machining a hydraulic housing function hole by a five-axis machining center according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S1, the surface of the workbench is fixedly connected with a fixture tool, and the fixture The tooling fixes the housing through a fixing component, and the fixing component includes a washer and a screw. 3. A method for machining a functional hole of a hydraulic housing by a five-axis machining center according to claim 2, characterized in that: in the step S1, the process clamping surface of the housing is exactly the same as the surface of the fixture tooling Coincident, and the flatness of the process clamping surface of the shell is less than or equal to 0.01mm. 4. A method for machining functional holes of a hydraulic housing by a five-axis machining center according to claim 3, characterized in that: in the step S1, the fixing assembly locks the housing with a force of 25N*M body. 5 . The method for machining a functional hole of a hydraulic housing by a five-axis machining center according to claim 4 , wherein, in the step S2 , the machining zero point is determined after checking the coaxiality jump of the infrared sensing probe. 5 . 6. A method for machining the functional hole of a hydraulic housing by a five-axis machining center according to claim 5, characterized in that: in the step S3, a 10-fold diameter internally cooled damping and shock-absorbing cutter bar, a non-standard Design 92° insert groove, tip fillet R0.4 and protrude from the outer diameter of the tool holder by 1.5mm, and use the mirror polished cutting edge JC5000 series material for rough milling; and maintain the central cooling flow rate of 30mpa during rough milling. 7. A method for machining a functional hole of a hydraulic housing by a five-axis machining center according to claim 6, characterized in that: in the step S3, when the rough-machined functional hole is a blind hole, no matter whether it is a grooving Or rough boring, all of which are axial segmented operations. 8. A method for machining a hydraulic housing function hole by a five-axis machining center according to claim 7, characterized in that: when machining a deep blind hole, a hollow tool is inserted into the hole, and the water pressure of 70mpa is used to rinse for 10 Seconds later, rough milling is performed on the inner wall of the bottom layer in the hole. 9. A method for machining the functional hole of a hydraulic housing by a five-axis machining center according to claim 8, characterized in that: in the step S4, a 10-fold diameter internally cooled damping and vibration-absorbing cutter bar, a non-standard Design 92° insert groove, tip fillet R0.2 and protrude from the outer diameter of the tool holder by 1.2mm, combined with ultra-fine diamond sintered inserts for fine milling, and maintain the central cooling flow rate of 10mpa during fine milling.

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