CN116140586A - Extruder for extrusion molding of high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy melt and extrusion method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy extrusion molding. The application discloses an extruder for high-strength and tough aluminum alloy melt extrusion molding and an extrusion method thereof. The top of the vapor chamber is integrally cast with a cooling fin. , Both ends of the vapor chamber are respectively fixedly installed with a water outlet and a water inlet by welding, and one end of the water outlet is connected with a water pump through a pipeline. The water pump controls the water flow to leave the soaking plate from the water outlet, and enters the inside of the liquid guide hole through the liquid inlet pipe, so that the extruded aluminum alloy can quickly cool down and shape, avoiding the extruded aluminum alloy leaving the extrusion die The finished product has the problem of profile bending and twisting. At the same time, hot water is discharged from the liquid outlet pipe and flows back into the vapor chamber through the water inlet. At this time, the heat absorbed by the vapor chamber is released through the airflow on the surface of the heat sink, thereby The temperature of the water is lowered, and the water is pumped into the liquid guide hole through the water pump to form a cooling cycle, which improves the automation of the device.

Description

Extrusion machine for high strength and toughness aluminum alloy melt extrusion molding and extrusion method thereof

technical field

The present application relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy extrusion molding, and in particular to an extruder for extrusion molding of a high-strength aluminum alloy melt and an extrusion method thereof.

Background technique

Aluminum is a very important industrial metal. Various finished products are made in the form of aluminum alloy, which plays a very important role in construction, geological exploration, metal smelting and automatic manufacturing industries. During the process, the aluminum alloy is heated and formed through a mold by extrusion. This production method can produce a large number of products in a short period of time, and the product quality is excellent, which has obvious technical advantages.

The traditional extrusion machine for aluminum alloy melt extrusion molding consists of feeding equipment, extrusion equipment, heating equipment, extrusion dies and material guide equipment. During use, the aluminum alloy blank is transported to the guide material by the feeding device. On the equipment, the material guiding equipment first transports the aluminum alloy blank to the heating equipment, and heats it to between 450 degrees Celsius and 500 degrees Celsius. According to the method of superheated slow pressing and supercooling fast pressing (the principle is to avoid Low-temperature savage pressure causes the aluminum alloy to cool in the extrusion die and stick to the die and is difficult to extrude, while high-temperature rapid pressure will cause excessive deformation of the aluminum alloy, resulting in a decline in the quality of the semi-finished product), using extrusion equipment to The alloy is pushed into the extrusion die, and under huge pressure, the high-temperature aluminum alloy is extruded from the opening of the die to form a pre-designed semi-finished product. This structure of the extrusion machine has the advantages of simple structure, convenient use and low cost, etc. The advantage is that it is the most widely used extruder at present.

Since the temperature monitoring of the equipment only responds to the operator, and the operator also relies on long-term work experience to control the extrusion force after learning the temperature, which leads to uncertain factors in the production process, resulting in overheating or undercooling extrusion , resulting in excessive bending of the product due to overheating, or overcooling and sticking to the mold. In this regard, this application document proposes an extrusion machine and an extrusion method for high-strength and tough aluminum alloy melt extrusion molding, aiming at In solving the problems raised above.

Contents of the invention

The present application adopts the following technical scheme: an extruder for high-strength and tough aluminum alloy melt extrusion molding and an extrusion method thereof.

Including the bottom plate: a heater is fixedly installed on the top of the bottom plate close to one end by means of bolt connection; The track seat is fixedly installed by means of bolt connection, the top of the track seat is slotted by a milling machine to open a limit slide rail, and the top of the track seat is movably installed with a mold through the cooperation of a limit slide rail. One side of the travel table is opened with a stroke channel by drilling a hole on the side of the travel table, and a mounting hole I is opened on one side of the mold table at the center by drilling with a drilling machine, and the inner wall of the mounting hole I is close to the middle The position of the stroke channel is provided with a stop platform by integral casting, and the position near one end of the installation hole I is fixedly installed with a fixed plate by welding, and the top of the stroke channel is fixedly installed with a cooling plate by bolt connection. device, the inside of the installation hole I is located on the side of the stop platform, and the extrusion device is fixedly installed by clamping, and the inside of the installation hole I is located on the inside of the fixed plate. Adjustment device.

Preferably, the cooling device includes a soaking plate, the top of the soaking plate is provided with a cooling fin through integral casting, and the two ends of the soaking plate are respectively fixedly installed with a water outlet and an inlet by welding. One end of the water outlet is connected to a water pump through a pipeline, and the water pump is fixedly installed on one side of the outer surface of the mold table through a connecting bracket, and the output end of the water pump is fixedly installed with a liquid inlet The liquid inlet pipe runs through the mold table and extends to the inside of the installation hole I, and one end of the water inlet is fixedly installed with a liquid outlet pipe through the cooperation of the pipe hole, and the liquid outlet pipe extends through the mold table to the inside of the installation hole I.

Preferably, the extrusion device includes an extrusion die, one side of the extrusion die is located in the center, and an installation hole II is drilled by a drilling machine, and the top and bottom of the inner wall of the installation hole II are passed through The limited seat is set in the way of integral casting, and an extrusion hole is opened on the other side of the extrusion mold. The inside of the installation hole II is fixedly installed with a material guide seat under the action of the limit cooperation of the limit seat. One side of the material seat is drilled with a material guide hole through a drilling machine, and the material guide hole corresponds to the extrusion hole.

Preferably, the adjustment device includes a mounting seat, and the two sides of the outer surface of the mounting seat are provided with matching grooves by means of milling machine slotting, and the matching grooves are matched with the fixing plate, and the back of the mounting seat is integrally cast A travel seat is provided, and the front of the mounting seat is located in the center, and a contact hole is opened by drilling with a drilling machine. The shape of the contact hole is the same as that of the extrusion hole, and the front of the mounting seat is located on the outside of the contact hole. A liquid guiding hole is drilled by a drilling machine. The outline of the liquid guiding hole is the same as that of the contact hole. The inside of the liquid guiding hole is equipped with a telescopic device through a telescopic fit. The front of the mounting seat is located on the The position above the liquid guide hole is drilled with a stroke hole, and the stroke hole is matched with the telescopic device through a telescopic fit. Resistance sensor, both ends of the travel seat are fixedly installed with pipe interfaces by welding, the pipe interface is connected with the inner cavity of the liquid guide hole, and the top of the travel seat is fixedly installed by welding at the center position There is an exhaust port, and the exhaust port communicates with the inner cavity of the stroke seat, and the exhaust port is connected with the stroke hole through a pipeline.

Preferably, an extruder for high-strength and tough aluminum alloy melt extrusion molding and its extrusion method according to claims, is characterized in that, the telescopic device includes a cavity adjustment seat, and the cavity adjustment seat The way of cooperation with the liquid guide hole is movable. One end of the cavity adjustment seat is fixedly installed with a shaping plate by welding. The inner wall of the shaping plate is kept correspondingly flush with the inner wall of the extrusion hole. The top of the shaping plate A connecting plate is fixedly installed by welding near the middle position, and a telescopic rod is fixedly installed by welding on the back of the connecting plate near the top, and the telescopic rod and the stroke hole are movably installed by means of telescopic cooperation. The resistance sensor is fixedly connected with the connecting plate through wires.

Preferably, the signal output end of the travel hole is connected to the signal receiving end of the heater through wireless signal transmission.

The application has the following beneficial effects.

1. During use, the water pump controls the water flow to leave the soaking plate from the water outlet, and enters the inside of the liquid guide hole through the liquid inlet pipe, so that the extruded aluminum alloy can quickly cool down and shape, avoiding extrusion and leaving Due to the high temperature and soft texture of the aluminum alloy products of the extrusion die, the bending and twisting of the profile occurs, which improves the stability during the production process. At the same time, the superheated water is discharged from the outlet pipe through the flow of water , and flow back into the soaking plate through the water inlet. At this time, the heat absorbed by the soaking plate is released through the airflow on the surface of the heat sink, thereby reducing the water temperature, and then pumped into the liquid guide hole by the water pump to form a heat dissipation cycle. The automation of the device is improved.

2. Since the aluminum alloy needs to be heated to between 450 degrees Celsius and 500 degrees Celsius before extrusion, this will cause the coolant inside the liquid guide hole to vaporize after being heated, and the vaporized coolant will pass through The exhaust port on the top of the stroke seat is exhausted and enters the inside of the stroke hole through the pipe, so as to avoid the accumulation of gas inside the liquid guide hole, which will reduce the contact surface between the cooling liquid and the inner wall of the liquid guide hole and reduce the cooling effect. , this effect makes it unnecessary to use high-temperature-resistant coolant during the operation of the device, thereby reducing production costs and improving production efficiency.

3. Since the aluminum alloy must abide by the low-temperature fast pressure and high-temperature slow pressure rated technical means during the extrusion molding process, and during the use of the device, if the temperature of the aluminum alloy after extrusion is too high, the gas generated at this time will be relatively high. more, and after the gas enters the stroke hole, the gas pressure inside the stroke hole rises, thereby pushing the telescopic rod to be pulled away from the inside of the stroke hole. At this time, the cavity inside the liquid guide hole is increased to accommodate more coolant, and the effective contact area with the extruded aluminum alloy plate is also improved, thereby improving the cooling effect. In addition, if the temperature of the extruded aluminum alloy is too low, less gas will be produced at this time, and the gas inside the stroke hole will flow back from the stroke hole to the The interior of the liquid guide hole causes the internal pressure of the stroke hole to decrease, the telescopic rod resets and drives the cavity adjustment seat to reset synchronously, the effective cavity inside the liquid guide hole decreases, and the effective relationship between the extruded aluminum alloy plate The contact area is reduced, thereby reducing the cooling efficiency, avoiding the problem of sticking caused by the excessively low temperature of the aluminum alloy after extrusion, thereby improving the stability of the device during operation.

4. The resistance sensor is fixedly connected to the connection plate through wires, so that after the stroke hole expands and contracts under the action of air pressure, the length of the stroke hole between the connection plate and the resistance sensor will change. When the length increases, At this time, the resistance sensor senses that the resistance value increases, so that the signal output end of the resistance sensor is connected to the signal receiving end of the heater through wireless signal transmission, and the heating intensity of the heater on the aluminum alloy material is controlled to decrease, thereby reducing The temperature during the extrusion molding process of the aluminum alloy material. When the length decreases, the resistance sensor senses that the resistance value decreases at this time, thereby controlling the heating intensity of the heater to the aluminum alloy material to increase, thereby improving the extrusion of the aluminum alloy material. The temperature during the forming process, the above operations can ensure that the aluminum alloy material is at the optimum temperature during the extrusion process, which improves the stability during the extrusion process.

5. Since the inner wall of the sizing plate is flush with the inner wall of the extrusion hole, the extruded and cooled aluminum alloy will pass through the sizing plate, and the sizing plate will process and finalize its surface, thereby Eliminate the problem of orange peel or uneven surface, further improving the quality of the final product.

Description of drawings

The accompanying drawings, which constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the present disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain principles of the present disclosure.

The present disclosure can be more clearly understood from the following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a right view schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of direction A in Fig. 2 of the structure of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a structural cooling device of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a schematic top view of a structural cooling device of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view in B direction in Fig. 5 of the structure of the present invention;

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a structural extrusion device of the present invention;

Fig. 8 is a schematic front view of the structural extrusion device of the present invention;

Fig. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the C direction in Fig. 8 of the structure of the present invention;

Fig. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view in D direction in Fig. 9 of the structure of the present invention;

Fig. 11 is a schematic front view of the structural adjustment device of the present invention;

Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of the main part of the structural adjustment device of the present invention;

Fig. 13 is a schematic front view of the main part of the structural adjustment device of the present invention;

Fig. 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the E direction in Fig. 13 of the structure of the present invention;

Fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of the right side view of the main part of the structural adjustment device of the present invention;

Fig. 16 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the F direction in Fig. 15 of the structure of the present invention;

Fig. 17 is a schematic diagram of the structural telescopic device of the present invention;

Fig. 18 is a schematic front view of the telescopic device of the present invention;

FIG. 19 is a schematic cross-sectional view in the direction G of FIG. 18 of the structure of the present invention.

In the figure: 1. Bottom plate; 2. Heater; 3. Travel table; 4. Rail seat; 5. Limit slide rail; 6. Die table; 7. Travel channel; 8. Installation hole I; 9. Stop table ; 10, fixed plate; 11, cooling device; 111, soaking plate; 112, heat sink; 113a, water outlet; 113b, water inlet; 114, water pump; 115, liquid inlet pipe; 116, liquid outlet pipe; 12, Extrusion device; 121, extrusion die; 122, installation hole II; 123, limit seat; 124, extrusion hole; 125, material guide seat; 126, material guide hole; 13, adjustment device; 131, installation seat; 132, matching groove; 133, stroke seat; 134, contact hole; 135, liquid guide hole; 136, expansion device; 1361, cavity adjustment seat; 1362, shaping plate; 1363, connecting plate; Stroke hole; 138, resistance sensor; 139, pipeline interface; 1301, exhaust interface.

Detailed ways

The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the application with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the application. Apparently, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the application, not all of them. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the protection scope of this application.

Embodiment one

An extrusion machine for high-strength and tough aluminum alloy melt extrusion molding, including a bottom plate 1: a heater 2 is fixedly installed on the top of the bottom plate 1 close to one end through bolt connection, and a bolt is installed on the top of the bottom plate 1 near the middle. The way of connection is fixedly installed with a stroke table 3, and the position close to the other end of the bottom plate 1 is fixedly installed with a track seat 4 by means of bolt connection. The top of the seat 4 is movably installed with a mold table 6 through the cooperation of the limit slide rail 5, and a stroke channel 7 is opened on one side of the travel table 3 by drilling holes on a drilling machine, and the side of the mold table 6 is located in the center position and drilled by a drilling machine. There is a mounting hole I8 in the way of the hole, and the inner wall of the mounting hole I8 near the middle is provided with a stop table 9 by integral casting, and the inner wall of the mounting hole I8 near one end is fixed and installed with a fixing plate 10 by welding. The top of the stroke channel 7 is fixedly installed with a cooling device 11 by means of bolt connection, and the inside of the installation hole I8 is located on the side of the stop table 9, and the extrusion device 12 is fixedly installed by clamping, and the inside of the installation hole I8 is located at the fixed An adjusting device 13 is fixedly mounted on a position inside the board 10 by clamping.

The cooling device 11 includes a soaking plate 111, the top of the soaking plate 111 is provided with a cooling fin 112 through integral casting, and the two ends of the soaking plate 111 are respectively fixedly installed with a water outlet 113a and a water inlet 113b by welding, One end of the water outlet 113a is connected with a water pump 114 through a pipeline, and the water pump 114 is fixedly installed on one side of the outer surface of the mold table 6 through a connecting bracket. The output end of the water pump 114 is fixedly installed with a liquid inlet pipe 115 through a pipe hole. The liquid inlet pipe 115 extends through the mold table 6 to the inside of the installation hole I8, and one end of the water inlet 113b is fixedly installed with the liquid outlet pipe 116 through the cooperation of the pipe hole, and the liquid outlet pipe 116 extends through the mold table 6 to the inside of the installation hole I8 .

Please refer to Fig. 1-Fig. 6, during use, the water pump 114 controls the water flow to leave the vapor chamber 111 from the water outlet 113a, and enters the inside of the liquid guide hole 135 through the liquid inlet pipe 115, so that the extruded aluminum alloy can Quickly cool down and set the shape, avoid the bending and twisting of the aluminum alloy products after extrusion and leave the extrusion die due to the high temperature and soft texture, improve the stability in the production process, and at the same time, through the water flow flow, the superheated water is discharged from the liquid outlet pipe 116, and flows back into the soaking plate 111 through the water inlet 113b. At this time, the heat absorbed by the soaking plate 111 is released by the air flow on the surface of the cooling fin 112, thereby reducing the water temperature. And here, the water pump 114 is pumped into the liquid guide hole 135 to form a heat dissipation cycle, which improves the automation of the device.

Embodiment two

The extrusion device 12 includes an extrusion die 121, one side of the extrusion die 121 is located in the center, and an installation hole II122 is opened by drilling with a drilling machine, and the top and bottom of the inner wall of the installation hole II122 are limited by integral casting The seat 123, the other side of the extrusion die 121 is provided with an extrusion hole 124, and the inside of the installation hole II 122 is fixedly installed with a material guide seat 125 under the action of the limit fit of the limit seat 123, and one side of the material guide seat 125 passes through The way of drilling with a drilling machine is provided with a material guide hole 126 corresponding to the extrusion hole 124 .

The adjustment device 13 includes a mounting seat 131, and the two sides of the outer surface of the mounting seat 131 are provided with matching grooves 132 by milling machine slotting, and the matching grooves 132 are matched with the fixed plate 10, and the back side of the mounting seat 131 is provided with Stroke seat 133, the front of mounting seat 131 is located in the center, and a contact hole 134 is opened by drilling. The shape of contact hole 134 is the same as that of extrusion hole 124, and the front of mounting seat 131 is located outside of contact hole 134. A liquid guide hole 135 is opened on the top by a drilling machine, and the outline of the liquid guide hole 135 is the same as that of the contact hole 134. The inside of the liquid guide hole 135 is movably installed with a telescopic device 136 through a telescopic fit. The front of 131 is located at the position above the liquid guide hole 135 and is provided with a stroke hole 137 by means of drilling. The resistance sensor 138 is fixedly installed in the way of bolt connection, and the two ends of the stroke seat 133 are fixedly installed with the pipeline interface 139 by welding, the pipeline interface 139 communicates with the inner cavity of the liquid guide hole 135, and the top of the stroke seat 133 is located in the center The exhaust port 1301 is fixedly installed by welding, the exhaust port 1301 communicates with the inner cavity of the travel seat 133, and the exhaust port 1301 is connected with the travel hole 137 through a pipeline.

Please refer to Fig. 1-Fig. 3 and Fig. 7-Fig. 16, since the aluminum alloy needs to be heated to between 450 degrees Celsius and 500 degrees Celsius before extrusion molding, which causes the cooling liquid inside the liquid guide hole 135 to be heated Afterwards, it will be gasified, and the gasified coolant will be discharged through the exhaust port 1301 on the top of the stroke seat 133, and enter the inside of the stroke hole 137 through the pipe, so as to avoid the accumulation of gas inside the liquid guide hole 135 and cause the coolant to The reduced contact surface with the inner wall of the liquid guide hole 135 reduces the cooling effect. In addition, this effect makes it unnecessary to use high-temperature-resistant cooling liquid during the operation of the device, thereby reducing production costs and improving production efficiency.

Embodiment three

The telescoping device 136 includes a cavity adjustment seat 1361, which is movably installed with the liquid guide hole 135 through telescopic cooperation, and one end of the cavity adjustment seat 1361 is fixedly installed with a shaping plate 1362 by welding, and the shaping plate 1362 The inner wall and the inner wall of the extrusion hole 124 are kept correspondingly flush, and the connecting plate 1363 is fixedly installed by welding on the position near the middle of the top of the shaping plate 1362, and the telescoping plate 1363 is fixedly installed by welding on the position near the top of the back of the connecting plate 1363. The rod 1364, the telescopic rod 1364 and the travel hole 137 are installed in a telescopic manner, and the resistance sensor 138 is fixedly connected to the connecting plate 1363 through wires.

Please refer to Figures 7-19, since the aluminum alloy must abide by the low-temperature fast pressure and high-temperature slow pressure rated technical means during the extrusion molding process, and during the use of this device, if the temperature of the aluminum alloy after extrusion is too high, At this time, there is a lot of gas generated, and after the gas enters the stroke hole 137, the gas pressure inside the stroke hole 137 rises, thereby pushing the telescopic rod 1364 to be drawn away from the inside of the stroke hole 137. Under the action of this process, The cavity adjustment seat 1361 will be pulled away from the inside of the liquid guide hole 135 synchronously. At this time, the cavity inside the liquid guide hole 135 is increased to accommodate more cooling liquid, and the gap between the cavity and the extruded aluminum alloy plate The effective contact area has also been improved, thereby improving the cooling efficiency and avoiding the excessive temperature of the aluminum alloy after extrusion. In addition, if the temperature of the aluminum alloy after extrusion is too low, less gas is produced at this time, and the stroke The gas inside the hole 137 flows back from the stroke hole 137 to the inside of the liquid guide hole 135 due to cooling through the pipeline, causing the internal pressure of the stroke hole 137 to decrease, and the telescopic rod 1364 resets and drives the cavity adjustment seat 1361 to reset synchronously. The effective cavity is reduced, and the effective contact area with the extruded aluminum alloy plate is reduced, thereby reducing the cooling efficiency, avoiding the problem of sticking caused by the extruded aluminum alloy temperature being too low, thereby improving the Stability during device operation.

Embodiment four

The signal output end of the resistance sensor 138 is connected with the signal receiving end of the heater 2 through wireless signal transmission.

Please refer to Fig. 1-Fig. 3 and Fig. 11-Fig. 19, the resistance sensor 138 is fixedly connected with the connection plate 1363 through wires, so that after the stroke hole 137 expands and contracts under the action of air pressure, it will cause the connection plate 1363 and the resistance sensor The length of the stroke hole 137 between 138 changes. When the length increases, the resistance sensor 138 senses an increase in the resistance value, so that the signal output terminal of the resistance sensor 138 communicates with the heater 2 through wireless signal transmission. The signal receiving end of the control heater 2 is connected to reduce the heating intensity of the aluminum alloy material, thereby reducing the temperature of the aluminum alloy material during extrusion molding. When the length decreases, the resistance sensor 138 senses that the resistance value decreases. small, so that the heating intensity of the heater 2 to the aluminum alloy material is increased, thereby increasing the temperature of the aluminum alloy material in the extrusion molding process. The above operation can ensure that the aluminum alloy material is at the optimum temperature during the extrusion process. Improved stability during extrusion operations.

Embodiment five

Please refer to Fig. 7-Fig. 19, since the inner wall of the shaping plate 1362 is kept flush with the inner wall of the extrusion hole 124, the extruded and cooled aluminum alloy will pass through the shaping plate 1362, and the shaping plate 1362 will The surface is treated and finalized to eliminate orange peel or uneven surfaces and further improve the quality of the final product.

Claims (7)

1. An extruder for high-strength and tough aluminum alloy melt extrusion molding is characterized in that it comprises a base plate (1), and a heater (2) is fixedly installed on the position of the top of the base plate (1) near one end, so that A trip table (3) is fixedly installed on the top of the base plate (1) close to the middle, and a track seat (4) is fixedly installed on the position close to the other end of the top of the base plate (1). A limit slide rail (5) is provided on the top, and a mold table (6) is movably installed on the top of the track seat (4) through the cooperation of the limit slide rail (5). One side of the travel table (3) is provided with Stroke channel (7), one side of the mold table (6) is located at the central position with an installation hole I (8), and the inner wall of the installation hole I (8) is provided with a stopper (9) at a position close to the middle ), a fixed plate (10) is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the installation hole I (8) near one end, and a cooling device (11) is fixedly installed on the top of the stroke channel (7), and the installation hole I (8) ) is fixedly installed with an extrusion device (12) on one side of the stop table (9), and an adjustment device (13) is fixedly installed inside the installation hole I (8) at a position inside the fixed plate (10). ). 2. The extruder for high-strength and tough aluminum alloy melt extrusion molding according to claim 1, wherein the cooling device (11) comprises a soaking plate (111), and the soaking plate ( 111) is provided with a cooling fin (112), and both ends of the soaking plate (111) are respectively fixed with a water outlet (113a) and a water inlet (113b), and one end of the water outlet (113a) passes through A water pump (114) is connected in a pipeline communication mode, and the water pump (114) is fixedly installed on one side of the outer surface of the mold table (6) through a connecting bracket, and the output end of the water pump (114) is fixedly installed with a liquid inlet pipe (115 ), the liquid inlet pipe (115) extends through the mold table (6) to the inside of the installation hole I (8), and one end of the water inlet (113b) is fixedly installed with a liquid outlet pipe (116), and the liquid outlet pipe (116) Extend through the mold table (6) to the inside of the mounting hole I (8). 3. The extruder for high-strength and tough aluminum alloy melt extrusion molding according to claim 2, characterized in that, the extrusion device (12) comprises an extrusion die (121), and the extrusion die (121) A mounting hole II (122) is opened at the center position on one side, and a limited seat (123) is provided on the top and bottom of the inner wall of the mounting hole II (122), and the extrusion die (121) The other side is provided with an extrusion hole (124), and the inside of the installation hole II (122) is fixedly installed with a material guide seat (125) under the action of the limit fit of the limit seat (123), and the material guide seat One side of (125) is provided with feed hole (126), and feed hole (126) is corresponding with extrusion hole (124). 4. An extruder for high-strength and tough aluminum alloy melt extrusion molding according to claim 3, characterized in that, the adjustment device (13) includes a mounting seat (131), and the mounting seat (131) Both sides of the outer surface are provided with matching grooves (132), and the matching grooves (132) are matched with the fixed plate (10). ) is provided with a contact hole (134) at the center position, the shape of the contact hole (134) is the same as that of the extrusion hole (124), and the front side of the mounting base (131) is located outside the contact hole (134) A liquid guide hole (135) is opened on the top, and the outline of the liquid guide hole (135) is the same as that of the contact hole (134). The internal movement of the liquid guide hole (135) is equipped with a telescopic device (136). A stroke hole (137) is provided on the front of the mounting seat (131) above the liquid guide hole (135), and the stroke hole (137) cooperates with the telescopic device (136). A resistance sensor (138) is fixedly installed on the corresponding position of (137), and a pipeline interface (139) is fixedly installed at both ends of the travel seat (133). The inner cavity is connected, and the top of the travel seat (133) is fixedly installed with an exhaust port (1301) at the center position, and the exhaust port (1301) is connected with the inner cavity of the travel seat (133). The interface (1301) is connected with the stroke hole (137) through a pipeline. 5. The extruder for high-strength and tough aluminum alloy melt extrusion molding according to claim 4, characterized in that, the telescoping device (136) includes a cavity adjustment seat (1361), a cavity adjustment seat ( 1361) and the liquid guide hole (135) are movable installed, and one end of the cavity adjustment seat (1361) is fixedly installed with a shaping plate (1362), and the inner wall of the shaping plate (1362) and the inner wall of the extrusion hole (124) To keep the correspondence level, a connection plate (1363) is fixedly installed on the top of the sizing plate (1362) close to the middle, and a telescopic rod (1364) is fixedly installed on the back of the connection plate (1363) close to the top. The rod (1364) is movably installed with the stroke hole (137), and the resistance sensor (138) is fixedly connected to the connecting plate (1363) through wires. 6. The extruder for high-strength and tough aluminum alloy melt extrusion molding according to claim 5, characterized in that, the signal output end of the stroke hole (137) communicates with the heater ( 2) The signal receiving end is connected. 7. An extrusion method of an extruder for high-strength and tough aluminum alloy melt extrusion molding according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: S1: During use, the water pump (114) controls the water flow from the water outlet (113a) to leave the vapor chamber (111), and enters the inside of the liquid guide hole (135) through the liquid inlet pipe (115), so that after extrusion The aluminum alloy can quickly cool down and set the shape, and the superheated water will be discharged from the liquid outlet pipe (116) through the flow of water, and then flow back into the vapor chamber (111) through the water inlet (113b). The air flow on the surface releases the heat absorbed by the vapor chamber (111), thereby lowering the water temperature, where it is pumped into the liquid guide hole (135) by the water pump (114) to form a heat dissipation cycle; S2: The aluminum alloy needs to be heated to between 450°C and 500°C before being extruded, which causes the coolant inside the liquid guide hole (135) to vaporize after being heated, and the vaporized coolant It will be discharged through the exhaust port (1301) on the top of the stroke seat (133), and enter the inside of the stroke hole (137) through the pipe; S3: During the extrusion molding process of aluminum alloy, the rated technical means of low temperature fast pressure and high temperature slow pressure should be followed, and during the use of this device, if the temperature of the aluminum alloy after extrusion is too high, more gas will be generated at this time , and after the gas enters the stroke hole (137), the gas pressure inside the stroke hole (137) increases, thereby pushing the telescopic rod (1364) to be drawn away from the inside of the stroke hole (137). , the cavity adjustment seat (1361) will be pulled out from the inside of the liquid guide hole (135) synchronously, and at this time, the cavity inside the liquid guide hole (135) will be increased to accommodate more cooling liquid, and it is compatible with the extrusion molding The effective contact area between the aluminum alloy plates after extrusion has also been improved. If the temperature of the aluminum alloy after extrusion is too low, there will be less gas produced at this time, and the gas inside the stroke hole (137) will flow through the pipeline due to cooling. The stroke hole (137) returns to the inside of the liquid guide hole (135), causing the internal pressure of the stroke hole (137) to decrease, the telescopic rod (1364) resets and drives the cavity adjustment seat (1361) to reset synchronously, and the liquid guide hole (135) ) The internal effective cavity is reduced, and the effective contact area with the extruded aluminum alloy plate is reduced; S4: The resistance sensor (138) is fixedly connected to the connection plate (1363) through wires, so that after the stroke hole (137) expands and contracts under the action of air pressure, it will cause a The length of the travel hole (137) between changes, when the length increases, the resistance sensor (138) senses that the resistance value increases at this time, so that the signal output terminal of the resistance sensor (138) transmits the wireless signal It is connected with the signal receiving end of the heater (2), and controls the heating intensity of the heater (2) on the aluminum alloy material to decrease, thereby reducing the temperature during the extrusion molding process of the aluminum alloy material. When the length decreases, the resistance The sensor (138) senses that the resistance value decreases, thereby controlling the heater (2) to increase the heating intensity of the aluminum alloy material, thereby increasing the temperature of the aluminum alloy material during extrusion molding.

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