CN116139833B - 一种含铅废水处理剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于水处理技术领域,公开了一种含铅废水处理剂及其制备方法。该制备方法包括:将硝酸铅、甲基橙、硼酸、盐酸、1,10‑邻菲啰啉和咪唑加入到水中,密闭反应后得到原铅吸附剂,之后将其粉碎为纳米颗粒与角蛋白提取物在N,N‑二甲基甲酰胺中进行自组装,并掺入聚己内酯/聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮电纺纤维中,得到含铅废水处理剂。本发明制备的处理剂具有高吸附性,有显著的去除水中铅的能力。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于水处理技术领域,涉及一种含铅废水处理剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
铅广泛应用于蓄电池、油漆、印刷、颜料、农药等工农业生产部门,由此导致大气、土壤和水资源的铅污染。铅是重金属元素中毒性较大的一种,可通过呼吸道、消化道进入人体产生毒害作用,其中最主要病变是神经系统、血液循环系统和造血系统,严重时可以致死。因此,治理铅污染就成为当前急需解决的重要课题。
目前,国内外含铅废水的处理方法主要有吸附法、沉淀法、膜分离法、离子交换法和高分子重金属捕集剂法等。处理含铅废水的方法很多,各有利弊。吸附法的优点是原料来源广,价格低廉,缺点是难回收重金属资源。沉淀法的优点是设备简单,操作方便,缺点是费用高,污泥量大,可能造成二次污染。膜分离法的优点是设备简单,操作方便,高效、节能,截留效率高,处理后的水可回用,缺点是造价成本高,膜稳定性差。离子交换法的优点是处理容量大,无二次污染,可实现铅的回收,占地面积小,缺点是反应周期长,运行费用高。高分子重金属捕集剂法的优点是方法简单,去除率高,稳定性高。在实际应用中,我们应从处理效果和运行费用综合考虑,选择一种或几种方法联合使用,使之达到最佳的效果,同时避免造成二次污染。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的目的在于提供一种含铅废水处理剂及其制备方法,该含铅废水处理剂具有高吸附性,有显著的去除水中铅的能力。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种含铅废水处理剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1.将废羽毛用含硫化钠的氢氧化钠溶液浸泡处理,过滤后取滤液透析后,取截留液干燥制得还原型角蛋白;
S2.取硝酸铅、甲基橙、硼酸、盐酸、1,10-邻菲啰啉和咪唑加入到水中,密闭反应后,经过滤、去离子水洗涤、晾干得到原铅吸附剂;
S3.将步骤S2制得的原铅吸附剂粉碎成纳米颗粒,投入N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,加入步骤S1制备的还原型角蛋白,充分搅拌后,再加入聚己内酯和聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮,搅拌均匀后,电纺制得纤维膜,经硝酸溶液洗涤后,干燥得到含铅废水处理剂。
优选的,步骤S1中,所述含硫化钠的氢氧化钠溶液中,硫化钠的浓度为5-10g/L,氢氧化钠的浓度为180-200g/L。
优选的,步骤S1中,所述透析袋的截留分子量为8000-14000。
优选的,步骤S2中,所述硝酸铅、甲基橙、硼酸、盐酸、1,10-邻菲啰啉、咪唑和水的用量比例为(0.2-0.4)g:(0.02-0.10)g:(0.05-0.10)g:(0.6-1.2)mL:(0.2-0.4)g:(0.07-0.10)g:10mL。
优选的,步骤S2中,所述盐酸浓度为0.5-0.8mol/L,密闭反应温度120-140℃,反应时间2-7d。
优选的,步骤S3中,所述纳米颗粒的平均粒径为10-50nm,聚己内酯的重均分子量为10000-14000,聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮的重均分子量为29000-55000。
优选的,步骤S3中,所述纳米颗粒、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、还原型角蛋白、聚己内酯和聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮的用量比例为(0.1-0.2)g:20mL:(0.04-0.10)g:(1.8-2.0)g:(0.05-0.10)g。
优选的,步骤S3中,所述硝酸溶液的质量分数为1%-5%。
优选的,步骤S3中,所述静电纺丝条件为电压12-17kV、距离10-15cm,注射速率0.3-0.5mL/h。
本发明还提供了一种上述制备方法制备得到的含铅废水处理剂。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
1)利用水热法合成得到含铅一维配位聚合物Pb(MO)(phen)Cl,其中Pb(II)与1,10-邻菲啰啉的两个氮原子、两个磺酸基氧原子和两个氯离子形成六配位。在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺体系中,该结构被纳米颗粒外围的含游离巯基的角蛋白包裹,Pb(II)与巯基的相互作用进一步通过自组装稳定了角蛋白-配位聚合物结构,这一结构被固化在电纺纤维膜中,对铅既有配位吸附作用,又有沉淀作用,能够表现为很好地实现对Pb(II)的分子印迹效果,同时还表现为高吸附容量。
2)制得的处理剂在吸附了Pb(II)后,能通过1%-5%硝酸洗脱回收金属铅。通过三(2-羧乙基)膦溶液浸泡还能对其进行活化。
3)制得的处理剂在使用过程中不会造成二次污染。采用纤维作为载体,大大增加了吸附表面积,缩短了反应周期,减少了运行费用。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制备的含铅废水处理剂的扫描电镜照片。
具体实施方式
为了进一步理解本发明,下面结合实施例对本发明优选实施方案进行描述,但是应当理解,这些描述只是为了进一步说明本发明的特征和优点,而不是对本发明权利要求的限制。
实施例1
1.将废羽毛用含8g/L硫化钠的192g/L氢氧化钠溶液浸泡处理,过滤后取滤液,经截留分子量12000的透析袋透析后,取截留液干燥制得还原型角蛋白;
2.取0.3g硝酸铅、0.06g甲基橙、0.07g硼酸、1.0mL 0.6mol/L盐酸、0.3g 1,10-邻菲啰啉和0.08g咪唑加入到10mL水中,135℃密闭反应6d后,经过滤、去离子水洗涤、晾干得到原铅吸附剂;
3.将0.18g步骤2制得的原铅吸附剂粉碎成平均粒径为30nm的纳米颗粒,投入20mLN,N-二甲基甲酰胺,加入0.06g步骤1制备的还原型角蛋白,充分搅拌后,再加入1.9g重均分子量为12000的聚己内酯和0.08g重均分子量为32000的聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮,搅拌均匀后,采用15kV电压、12cm距离、0.4mL/h注射速率的条件电纺制得纤维膜,经质量分数为2%硝酸溶液洗涤后,干燥得到含铅废水处理剂。该含铅废水处理剂的扫描电镜图如图1所示。
实施例2
1.将废羽毛用含10g/L硫化钠的200g/L氢氧化钠溶液浸泡处理,过滤后取滤液,经截留分子量8000的透析袋透析后,取截留液干燥制得还原型角蛋白;
2.取0.4g硝酸铅、0.1g甲基橙、0.05g硼酸、1.2mL 0.5mol/L盐酸、0.2g 1,10-邻菲啰啉和0.07g咪唑加入到10mL水中,120℃密闭反应7d后,经过滤、去离子水洗涤、晾干得到原铅吸附剂;
3.将0.2g步骤2制得的原铅吸附剂粉碎成平均粒径为50nm的纳米颗粒,投入20mLN,N-二甲基甲酰胺,加入0.10g步骤1制备的还原型角蛋白,充分搅拌后,再加入1.8g重均分子量为14000的聚己内酯和0.10g重均分子量为29000的聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮,搅拌均匀后,采用17kV电压、10cm距离、0.5mL/h注射速率的条件电纺制得纤维膜,经质量分数为5%硝酸溶液洗涤后,干燥得到含铅废水处理剂。
实施例3
1.将废羽毛用含5g/L硫化钠的180g/L氢氧化钠溶液浸泡处理,过滤后取滤液,经截留分子量14000的透析袋透析后,取截留液干燥制得还原型角蛋白;
2.取0.2g硝酸铅、0.02g甲基橙、0.10g硼酸、0.6mL 0.8mol/L盐酸、0.4g 1,10-邻菲啰啉和0.10g咪唑加入到10mL水中,140℃密闭反应2d后,经过滤、去离子水洗涤、晾干得到原铅吸附剂;
3.将0.1g步骤2制得的原铅吸附剂粉碎成平均粒径为10nm的纳米颗粒,投入20mLN,N-二甲基甲酰胺,加入0.04g步骤1制备的还原型角蛋白,充分搅拌后,再加入2.0g重均分子量为10000的聚己内酯和0.05g重均分子量为55000的聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮,搅拌均匀后,采用12kV电压、15cm距离、0.3mL/h注射速率的条件电纺制得纤维膜,经质量分数为1%硝酸溶液洗涤后,干燥得到含铅废水处理剂。
对比例1(无角蛋白)
1.取0.3g硝酸铅、0.06g甲基橙、0.07g硼酸、1.0mL 0.6mol/L盐酸、0.3g 1,10-邻菲啰啉和0.08g咪唑加入到10ml水中,135℃密闭反应6d后,经过滤、去离子水洗涤、晾干得到原铅吸附剂;
2.将0.18g步骤1制得的原铅吸附剂粉碎成平均粒径为30nm的纳米颗粒,投入20mLN,N-二甲基甲酰胺,再加入1.9g重均分子量为12000的聚己内酯和0.08g重均分子量为32000的聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮,搅拌均匀后,采用15kV电压、12cm距离、0.4mL/h注射速率的条件电纺制得纤维膜,经质量分数为2%硝酸溶液洗涤后,干燥得到含铅废水处理剂。
对比例2(无硝酸铅)
1.将废羽毛用含8g/L硫化钠的192g/L氢氧化钠溶液浸泡处理,过滤后取滤液,经截留分子量12000的透析袋透析后,取截留液干燥制得还原型角蛋白;
2.取0.06g甲基橙、0.07g硼酸、1.0mL 0.6mol/L盐酸、0.3g 1,10-邻菲啰啉和0.08g咪唑加入到10mL水中,135℃密闭反应6d后,经过滤、去离子水洗涤、晾干得到原铅吸附剂;
3.将0.18g步骤2制得的原铅吸附剂粉碎成平均粒径为30nm的纳米颗粒,投入20mLN,N-二甲基甲酰胺,加入0.06g步骤1制备的还原型角蛋白,充分搅拌后,再加入1.9g重均分子量为12000的聚己内酯和0.08g重均分子量为32000的聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮,搅拌均匀后,采用15kV电压、12cm距离、0.4mL/h注射速率的条件电纺制得纤维膜,经质量分数为2%硝酸溶液洗涤后,干燥得到含铅废水处理剂。
对比例3(无甲基橙)
1.将废羽毛用含8g/L硫化钠的192g/L氢氧化钠溶液浸泡处理,过滤后取滤液,经截留分子量12000的透析袋透析后,取截留液干燥制得还原型角蛋白;
2.取0.3g硝酸铅、0.07g硼酸、1.0mL 0.6mol/L盐酸、0.3g 1,10-邻菲啰啉和0.08g咪唑加入到10mL水中,135℃密闭反应6d后,经过滤、去离子水洗涤、晾干得到原铅吸附剂;
3.将0.18g步骤2制得的原铅吸附剂粉碎成平均粒径为30nm的纳米颗粒,投入20mLN,N-二甲基甲酰胺,加入0.06g步骤1制备的还原型角蛋白,充分搅拌后,再加入1.9g重均分子量为12000的聚己内酯和0.08g重均分子量为32000的聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮,搅拌均匀后,采用15kV电压、12cm距离、0.4mL/h注射速率的条件电纺制得纤维膜,经质量分数为2%硝酸溶液洗涤后,干燥得到含铅废水处理剂。
静态吸附容量与吸附率测定
采用100mg/L铅浓度、100mg/L镉浓度、100mg/L汞的混合溶液作为测试液,测定实施例1-3和对比例1-3的含铅废水处理剂对铅的吸附容量和吸附率,测试前采用12.5g/L三(2-羧乙基)膦溶液对含铅废水处理剂浸泡活化后用去离子水洗涤至中性,结果见表1。
表1含铅废水处理剂的静态铅吸附容量和铅吸附率
铅吸附容量mg/g | 铅吸附率% | |
实施例1 | 19.34 | 96.70 |
实施例2 | 18.51 | 92.55 |
实施例3 | 18.21 | 91.05 |
对比例1 | 6.15 | 30.75 |
对比例2 | 5.37 | 26.85 |
对比例3 | 5.54 | 27.70 |
由表1可知,在有其他重金属离子干扰下,实施例1-3制备的含铅废水处理剂仍能表现较高的铅吸附容量,对铅的吸收率也达到了90%以上。相比较而言,对比例1-3的铅吸附容量大大下降,铅吸附率也只有30%左右。究其原因,是没有形成角蛋白-配位聚合物结构,对铅选择性不高,无法实现分子印迹效应。
动态吸附容量与吸附率测定
将实施例1-3和对比例1-3的含铅废水处理剂各30g装入交换柱中,用12.5g/L三(2-羧乙基)膦溶液浸泡活化后,用去离子水洗涤至中性,放空交换柱,分别向交换柱中注入2000mg/L铅浓度的硝酸铅溶液80mL,动态交换,分别在交换2h后收集流出液,测定动态铅吸附容量和铅吸附率,结果见表2。
表2含铅废水处理剂的动态铅吸附容量和铅吸附率
铅吸附容量mg/g | 铅吸附率% | |
实施例1 | 5.328 | 99.90 |
实施例2 | 5.320 | 99.75 |
实施例3 | 5.312 | 99.60 |
对比例1 | 4.115 | 77.15 |
对比例2 | 4.309 | 80.80 |
对比例3 | 4.189 | 78.55 |
由表2可知,经过2h的动态交换,实施例1-3获得了较高的铅吸附容量和铅吸附率,说明铅(II)在处理剂中被角蛋白-配位聚合物结构快速吸附,分子印迹效应显著,且吸附容量较大。对比例1-3的铅吸附率只有80%左右,说明其不能形成角蛋白-配位聚合物结构,大大影响了对Pb(II)的吸附效率。
本发明提供了一种含铅废水处理剂及其制备方法的思路及方法,具体实现该技术方案的方法和途径很多,以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。本实施例中未明确的各组成部分均可用现有技术加以实现。
Claims (8)
1.一种含铅废水处理剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
S1.将羽毛用含硫化钠的氢氧化钠溶液浸泡处理,过滤后取滤液透析后,取截留液干燥制得还原型角蛋白;
S2.取硝酸铅、甲基橙、硼酸、盐酸、1,10-邻菲啰啉和咪唑加入到水中,密闭反应后,经过滤、去离子水洗涤、晾干得到原铅吸附剂;所述硝酸铅、甲基橙、硼酸、盐酸、1,10-邻菲啰啉、咪唑和水的用量比例为(0.2-0.4)g:(0.02-0.10)g:(0.05-0.10)g:(0.6-1.2)mL:(0.2-0.4)g:(0.07-0.10)g:10mL;所述盐酸浓度为0.5-0.8mol/L,密闭反应温度120-140℃,反应时间2-7d;
S3.将步骤S2制得的原铅吸附剂粉碎成纳米颗粒,投入N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,加入步骤S1制备的还原型角蛋白,充分搅拌后,再加入聚己内酯和聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮,搅拌均匀后,电纺制得纤维膜,经硝酸溶液洗涤后,干燥得到含铅废水处理剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S1中,所述含硫化钠的氢氧化钠溶液中,硫化钠的浓度为5-10g/L,氢氧化钠的浓度为180-200g/L。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S1中,所述透析的截留分子量为8000-14000。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S3中,所述纳米颗粒的平均粒径为10-50nm,聚己内酯的重均分子量为10000-14000,聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮的重均分子量为29000-55000。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S3中,所述纳米颗粒、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、还原型角蛋白、聚己内酯和聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮的用量比例为(0.1-0.2)g:20mL:(0.04-0.10)g:(1.8-2.0)g:(0.05-0.10)g。
6.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S3中,所述硝酸溶液的质量分数为1%-5%。
7.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S3中,所述静电纺丝条件为电压12-17kV、距离10-15cm,注射速率0.3-0.5mL/h。
8.根据权利要求1~7任一项所述制备方法制备得到含铅废水处理剂。
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