CN116139431A - Water fire-fighting fire extinguishing system of energy storage power station and operation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a water fire-fighting fire-extinguishing system of an energy storage power station and an operation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of energy storage battery fire-fighting. The system is used for realizing PACK-level water fire control of the energy storage power station after battery thermal runaway, and comprises: the fire control host computer, the data relay module, be used for carrying out the PACK level combustible gas monitoring module and the water fire control fire extinguishing subsystem that monitor to each battery box thermal runaway characteristic quantity alone, the water fire control fire extinguishing subsystem is including the water storage jar that is used for water storage or water-based formula fire extinguishing agent, and the water storage jar sets up in the energy storage power station inside, is used for realizing the total submerged water cover to the battery box in order to realize quick fire extinguishing. The invention adopts water as fire extinguishing inhibitor to be directly sprayed into the battery box with thermal runaway, directly acts on the thermal runaway battery, realizes the full-submerged PACK-level water fire control and rapid fire extinguishing, and thoroughly solves the problems of cooling and secondary reburning.

Description

Water fire extinguishing system for energy storage power station and its operation method

technical field

The present invention relates to the technical field related to energy storage battery fire protection, and more specifically relates to a water fire extinguishing system for an energy storage power station and an operation method for the water fire extinguishing system for an energy storage power station.

Background technique

At this stage, the development of green power, green electricity, green energy, and green economy to achieve green development has become an important strategic measure to achieve sustainable development. Lithium batteries have become an alternative to fossil energy. It is predicted that by 2025, the shipment of energy storage lithium batteries will reach 58GWh, and the market size will exceed 55 billion yuan. Among them, the cumulative shipment of lithium batteries for power storage, which is the main application field, will exceed 60GWh. However, with the rapid development and wide application of energy storage batteries, there are frequent fire and explosion accidents in energy storage power stations.

A fixed automatic fire extinguishing system should be installed in the battery equipment room of the newly built (renovated and expanded) medium and large lithium-ion battery energy storage power station. The fire extinguishing system should meet the requirements of extinguishing the open fire of the module-level battery and not recombusting for 24 hours.

Please refer to FIG. 1, which is a control topology diagram of a fire prevention and control system widely used in energy storage power stations in the prior art.

At present, according to the classification of inhibitors, the fire protection of energy storage power stations mainly includes perfluorohexanone devices, heptafluoropropane devices, aerosol devices, fine water mist devices, and dry powder devices. Mainly ketone devices, a fire prevention and control system independent of the station control system is widely used. In terms of fire protection design and structure, it generally includes combustible gas monitoring modules, data relay modules, fire control hosts, fire display modules, fire pipeline components, fire protection The control topology of the pump set, fire extinguishing agent, sound and light alarm, explosion-proof smoke exhaust fan and electric shutters is shown in Figure 1.

The fire prevention and control system widely used in energy storage power stations usually adopts a distributed three-level fire control controller architecture. The three-level combustible gas monitoring module, data relay module and fire control host computer communicate with each other through the CAN bus. .

The combustible gas monitoring module is located at the bottom of the control domain, which is used to monitor in real time the early characteristics of thermal runaway such as temperature and smoke changes, characteristic gases, and electrolyte leakage caused by internal short circuit, overcharge and overdischarge, and external short circuit of lithium batteries, and will monitor The acquired feature data is uploaded to the data relay module in real time through the CAN bus. According to the protection design level requirements, the combustible gas monitoring module can be placed in the battery box (PACK level water fire protection), can also be placed in the battery cabinet (cluster level fire protection), and can also be placed in the battery compartment (space level fire protection).

The data relay module is located in the middle layer of the control domain, and is used to collect the data information uploaded by the combustible gas monitoring module, and send it to the fire control host in package. The data relay module is generally placed on the battery cluster, manages all combustible gas monitoring modules in the cluster, and also has the function of controlling the opening and closing of the solenoid valve, and can output fire linkage signals.

The fire control host is located at the top of the control domain and belongs to the decision-making executive agency. By summarizing the data information reported by the lower-level data relay module, combined with the start-stop switch signal, manual alarm signal, etc., it controls the solenoid valve switch and fire pump group, and opens and closes the explosion-proof exhaust system. Smoke fan, to judge whether to output fire warning signal or whether to execute fire sprinkler action.

In addition, the fire prevention and control system also includes auxiliary equipment structures such as fire display modules, fire pipeline components, and sound and light alarms. Among them, the fire display module is used to display various fire data information and state quantities, including combustible gas content and concentration, smoke temperature information, switch ball valve status, fire warning and spray information, etc., and can set various fire thresholds and control quantity. The fire pipeline assembly is the channel through which the fire extinguishing agent flows, including the main pipeline and branch pipelines and various switch valves; the fire pump unit is the power source for the flow and injection of the fire extinguishing agent, and is generally supplied by a single-phase or three-phase AC market. Electric power supply, the power supply depends on the design flow rate and maximum head of the fire extinguishing agent; explosion-proof smoke exhaust fan and electric shutters are used to extract combustible gas in the battery compartment, dilute the concentration of combustible gas, and prevent gas explosion in the battery compartment. The sound and light alarm is controlled by the linkage control of the fire control host, and is generally placed outside the cabin. Once a fire occurs, the sound and light alarm will be automatically turned on, and a strong sound and light alarm signal will be issued to remind the on-site personnel to pay attention to the fire and quickly purpose of escape.

The structural analysis of the typical fire prevention and control system in the prior art shows that the fire prevention and control system of the energy storage power station mainly uses heptafluoropropane or perfluorohexanone as the fire extinguishing inhibitor, which has the following two disadvantages:

First, based on the electrochemical mechanism of thermal runaway of lithium batteries, although heptafluoropropane or perfluorohexanone can extinguish open flames, it is difficult to achieve continuous cooling and chemical inhibition for a long time, because the electrochemical reaction inside the battery is still continuing, if not Continuous cooling cannot prevent the spread of thermal runaway, and the battery temperature will rise again and re-ignition. In addition, heptafluoropropane and perfluorohexanone begin to decompose at a temperature higher than 550 ° C, and produce corrosive and toxic decomposition products. They cannot be used in places where some combustibles generate higher temperatures. Not only do they have no fire extinguishing effect, but the toxic products produced It will also cause obvious harm to the environment and the human body. At the same time, heptafluoropropane and perfluorohexanone are expensive. Once the system is sprayed, the cost of refilling is relatively high.

Second, the construction of fire protection facilities in energy storage power stations is mainly determined by referring to traditional fire protection facilities. Traditional fire protection has always been operating as an independent system without effective linkage with the operating parameters of the battery management system (BMS), resulting in fire prevention. If the control system fails to disconnect the battery cluster and the high-voltage electrical switch in the battery compartment in time during the fire warning and spraying actions, it is very likely to cause a secondary electrical fire, which is extremely harmful. In addition, the acquisition of an important characteristic parameter "temperature" in the thermal runaway judgment basis of the combustible gas monitoring module comes from the temperature detector inside the module, not the actual battery temperature. If the battery is far away from the temperature detector, first In the event of a fire, the temperature detector cannot detect the temperature change in time, which will cause a delayed response of temperature sensing, which is not conducive to identifying the initial fire in the bud.

To sum up, how to design and provide a water fire extinguishing system suitable for energy storage power stations to achieve fully submerged PACK-level water fire and rapid fire extinguishing, and to completely solve the problem of secondary recombustion of batteries has become an important issue in this field. Problems to be solved urgently by those skilled in the art.

Contents of the invention

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

The invention provides a water fire-fighting fire extinguishing system for an energy storage power station, which is used to realize PACK-level water fire-fighting after the thermal runaway of a battery occurs in the energy storage power station.

In the present invention, the water fire extinguishing system of the energy storage power station includes:

Fire control host;

A data relay module communicated with the fire control host;

A PACK-level combustible gas monitoring module for separately monitoring the thermal runaway characteristic of each battery box, the PACK-level combustible gas monitoring module communicates with the data relay module, and is used to send the data to the data relay module Thermal runaway monitoring parameters of the battery box;

Water fire extinguishing subsystem, the water fire extinguishing subsystem includes a water storage tank for storing water or water-based fire extinguishing agent, and a fire pipeline connected to the water storage tank and set separately corresponding to each battery box Assemblies, the fire-fighting pipeline assembly is connected to the fire-fighting control host under control, and the water storage tank is arranged inside the energy storage power station for fully submerged water coverage of the battery box to achieve rapid fire extinguishing.

Preferably, in the water fire extinguishing system of the energy storage power station provided by the present invention, the energy storage power station includes a battery management system and a fire control system, and the battery management system includes a master controller, a master controller and a slave controller , the fire control system includes the fire control host, the data relay module and the PACK level combustible gas monitoring module; the slave controller is arranged in each battery box, and the slave controller and the The communication link of the main controller, the communication link between the main controller and the general controller, and form a first vertical communication connection relationship; the communication link between the fire control host and the data relay module, the data relay The module communicates with the PACK-level combustible gas monitoring module to form a second vertical communication connection; the fire control host communicates with the general controller to form a stack-level management horizontal communication connection, and the data relay module The communication link with the master controller forms a cluster-level management horizontal communication connection, and the PACK-level combustible gas monitoring module communicates with the slave controller to form a PACK-level management horizontal communication connection.

Preferably, in the water fire extinguishing system of the energy storage power station provided by the present invention, a high-voltage relay for realizing on-off control of the battery box circuit is provided in each of the battery boxes, and the high-voltage relay is the first high-voltage relay The main controller is connected to the first high-voltage relay, and can be linked with the fire control host to send a disconnection control signal to the first high-voltage relay.

Preferably, in the water fire extinguishing system of the energy storage power station provided by the present invention, there are multiple battery boxes, and multiple battery boxes are cascaded to form battery clusters; The high-voltage relay for on-off control of the battery cluster circuit, the high-voltage relay is the second high-voltage relay; the general controller is connected to the second high-voltage relay, and can be linked with the fire control host The high voltage relay sends out a disconnection control signal.

Preferably, in the water fire extinguishing system of the energy storage power station provided by the present invention, the energy storage power station is provided with a ventilation window, a controllable shutter is provided on the ventilation window, and an explosion-proof vent is also provided on the ventilation window. smoke fan; the controllable shutters and the explosion-proof smoke exhaust fan are connected to the fire control host.

Preferably, the water fire extinguishing system of the energy storage power station provided by the present invention further includes a fire display module for displaying the current fire information of the energy storage power station; the fire display module is connected to the fire control host computer under control.

Preferably, the water fire-fighting and fire-extinguishing system of the energy storage power station provided by the present invention further includes an audible and visual alarm for fire alarm; the audible and visual alarm is connected to the fire control host.

Preferably, in the water fire extinguishing system of the energy storage power station provided by the present invention, the water fire extinguishing subsystem includes a fire pump connected to the water storage tank and the fire pipeline assembly, and the water storage tank is set Inside the energy storage power station, the fire-fighting pipeline assembly and the water storage tank are connected through a water-sending branch pipeline, and a fire-fighting solenoid valve is arranged on the water-sending branch pipeline; the fire-fighting water pump and the fire-fighting The solenoid valve is connected with the control host of the fire control.

The present invention also provides an operation method of the water fire extinguishing system of the energy storage power station, the operation method of the water fire extinguishing system of the energy storage power station includes:

Step 1. Monitor the thermal runaway of each battery box through the PACK level combustible gas monitoring module;

Step 2, the fire control host performs data processing on the thermal runaway monitoring parameters;

Step 3: Perform smoke exhaust ventilation control and sprinkler control on the energy storage power station according to the data processing results.

Preferably, in the operation method of the water fire extinguishing system of the energy storage power station provided by the present invention, in the first step, the slave controller set in the battery box obtains the current voltage, temperature and operating parameters of the batteries in the battery box and upload to the main controller; in the second step, data interaction is performed by the main controller, and the thermal runaway monitoring parameters are data exchanged by the data relay module; in the third step, at the initial stage of triggering the fire alarm , first perform smoke exhaust ventilation. If the thermal runaway monitoring parameters, current battery voltage, temperature, and operating parameters return to normal, stop the smoke exhaust ventilation. If the thermal runaway monitoring parameters, current battery voltage, temperature, and operating parameters continue to be abnormal, turn off the exhaust ventilation. Ventilate the smoke, and conduct targeted battery box water to extinguish the fire.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

The present invention provides a water fire-fighting and fire-extinguishing system for an energy storage power station, which is used to realize PACK-level water fire-fighting after the battery thermal runaway occurs in the energy storage power station. In the present invention, the water fire-fighting and fire-extinguishing system for the energy storage power station includes: ; A data relay module that communicates with the fire control host computer; a PACK-level combustible gas monitoring module that is used to individually monitor the thermal runaway characteristic of each battery box, and a PACK-level combustible gas monitoring module that communicates with the data relay module. It is used to send the thermal runaway monitoring parameters of the battery box to the data relay module; and, the water fire extinguishing subsystem uses municipal tap water as the fire water source, and the water fire extinguishing subsystem includes a fire extinguishing system corresponding to each battery box. The pipeline assembly, the fire pipeline assembly is connected with the fire control host. In addition, the present invention also provides an operation method for the water fire extinguishing system of the energy storage power station. In this method: the present invention uses the PACK level combustible gas monitoring module to detect in real time the temperature, smoke change, characteristic gas, Early features such as electrolyte leakage, and upload the monitored feature data to the data relay module. At the same time, the voltage, temperature, operating parameters and other data of the battery pack are collected from the controller (BMU) in real time, and these data can be uploaded to the Main controller (BCU); the PACK level combustible gas monitoring module exchanges data with the slave controller, the data relay module exchanges data with the main controller, the fire control host exchanges data with the master controller, and the fire control host summarizes the data and transfers the data to the battery The progress of thermal runaway is comprehensively evaluated; if the characteristic parameters of battery thermal runaway and the change of smoke temperature trigger the fire warning threshold, the fire control host will start the explosion-proof smoke exhaust fan and open the electric shutters at the same time to quickly discharge the combustible gas in the battery compartment to reduce the risk of explosion ; If the characteristic parameters of battery thermal runaway and the change of smoke temperature sense return to normal, the fire control host will turn off the explosion-proof smoke exhaust fan and close the electric shutters at the same time; (Threshold setting has two stages, one stage is to trigger fire alarm, the other stage is to trigger fire sprinkler), the fire control host turns off the explosion-proof smoke exhaust fan and the electric shutter, and the linkage main controller disconnects the high-voltage relay built in each battery box (the first high-voltage relay), the linkage master controller disconnects the high-voltage relay on the battery cluster (the second high-voltage relay), turns on the solenoid valve switch on the fire-fighting pipeline, starts the fire-fighting pump group, executes the fire-fighting spray action, and injects the fire-fighting water Go to the battery box where thermal runaway occurs, complete the full immersion water fire extinguishing, and at the same time turn on the sound and light alarm to send out the fire alarm.

Through the above structural design, the present invention aims at the possibility of secondary recombustion after fire extinguishing in the fire prevention and control system that widely uses heptafluoropropane or perfluorohexanone as the fire extinguishing agent in the current energy storage power station, and cannot completely block the spread of thermal runaway, and There are two major disadvantages of being unable to form an effective linkage with the battery management system. A water fire extinguishing system and method for energy storage power stations is proposed. Water is used as a fire extinguishing agent to be sprayed directly into the battery box where thermal runaway occurs. Due to thermal runaway batteries, fully submerged PACK-level water fire fighting and rapid fire extinguishing have been realized, and the problems of cooling and secondary re-ignition have been completely solved. At the same time, the BMS is incorporated into the fire linkage control. The fire prevention and control system does not operate independently as an independent fire control system. The original independent three-level fire controller architecture and the original independent three-level BMS architecture are managed according to the PACK level of the energy storage battery system. , cluster-level management, and stack-level management, establish vertical communication and horizontal communication link relationships with each other in sequence, and perform data interaction and control in real time. When the battery thermal runaway triggers a fire warning or fire sprinkler action, the linkage control BMS disconnects the battery in advance The high-voltage relay in the box and the high-voltage relay in the high-voltage box eliminate the secondary electrical fire problem that may be caused when the fire-fighting water is injected.

Description of drawings

The accompanying drawings constituting a part of the present application are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, and the schematic embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are used to explain the present invention, and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. in:

Fig. 1 is a control topology diagram of a fire prevention and control system widely used in energy storage power stations in the prior art.

Fig. 2 is a control topology diagram of a water fire extinguishing system for an energy storage power station proposed by the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a communication link topology diagram of a water fire extinguishing system for an energy storage power station proposed by the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a flow chart of an operation method of the water fire extinguishing system of the energy storage power station proposed by the present invention.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. Each example is provided by way of explanation of the invention, not limitation of the invention. In fact, those skilled in the art will recognize that modifications and variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. For example, features illustrated or described as part of one embodiment can be used on another embodiment to yield a still further embodiment. Therefore, it is intended that the present invention includes such modifications and variations as come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

Please refer to Figures 2 to 4, wherein Figure 2 is a control topology diagram of a water fire-fighting and fire-extinguishing system for an energy storage power station proposed by the present invention; Figure 3 is a communication link for a water-fire-fighting and fire-extinguishing system for an energy storage power station proposed by the present invention Topological diagram; FIG. 4 is a flow chart of an operation method of a water fire extinguishing system for an energy storage power station proposed by the present invention.

In the present invention, by using municipal tap water as the fire extinguishing inhibitor, it is directly sprayed into the battery box where thermal runaway occurs, and directly acts on the thermal runaway battery to realize full submerged PACK-level water fire protection and rapid fire extinguishing, completely solving the problem of cooling and cooling. Secondary re-ignition problem. However, there is a technical difficulty in using ordinary tap water as a fire extinguishing agent: the voltage level of the energy storage battery system can reach thousands of volts, and the high-voltage electrical switch of the battery system is generally located in the high-voltage box (PDU) on the battery cluster. Linkage control can only cut off the cluster-level high-voltage electrical switch, but there is no high-voltage electrical switch in the PACK-level battery box, so the high-voltage electrical connection between the battery boxes cannot be disconnected, and the voltage level of the battery box is still as high as thousands of volts. The high voltage level will cause high-voltage electrical short circuit and insulation leakage after the fire water is injected into the battery box, which may cause secondary electrical fires, leading to further expansion and spread of fire outbreaks, which must be paid close attention to. How to avoid the high-voltage electrical short circuit and insulation leakage problems in the water fire extinguishing scheme is also another technical difficulty to be solved by the present invention.

Section 5.7.4.5 of the local standard "DB11/T 1893-2021 Code for Construction and Operation of Power Energy Storage Systems" clearly states that for containerized energy storage systems with fire hazards of Class A and B, the battery layout area should be equipped with fire pump joints. The device and the immersion water cooling device shall ensure that the submerged energy storage unit or battery unit shall not exceed 10 minutes. Distributed energy storage devices with a single rated energy not exceeding 500kWh should use submerged water cooling devices. In addition, Section 8.2 of the industry standard "CCCF/XFJJ-01 General Technical Requirements for Fire Prevention and Control Devices of Lithium-ion Power Battery Boxes for Electric Buses" clearly stipulates that the fire prevention and control device should meet the requirements for extinguishing open flames within 90 seconds after the suppression medium starts to spray, and open flames Resurgence should not occur within 30 minutes after extinguishing.

Based on this, compared with the prior art, the present invention proposes a water fire extinguishing system for an energy storage power station, which abandons the scheme of using heptafluoropropane or perfluorohexanone as a fire extinguishing inhibitor, and uses The easy-to-use and cheap municipal tap water is directly sprayed into the inside of the battery box where thermal runaway occurs as a fire extinguishing agent, and the battery box is fully submerged with water to achieve rapid fire extinguishing and effectively solve the problem of cooling and secondary combustion. At the same time, the fire extinguishing scheme using ordinary tap water as the suppression medium also complies with relevant fire regulations.

However, the water fire extinguishing scheme proposed by the present invention is different from that proposed in Section 5.7.4.5 of the local standard "DB11/T 1893-2021 Code for Construction and Operation of Electric Energy Storage Systems" to set DN150/DN100/DN65 fire hydrant interfaces and The fire pump adapter is used to connect the rescue fire truck and the outdoor fire hydrant. In this specification, its setting purpose is to effectively prevent the further expansion of the accident when the fire spread has formed or may continue to expand. A dose of flood-type fire-fighting water is injected into the container. And what the water fire-fighting fire extinguishing scheme that the present invention proposes implements is the PACK level water fire-fighting, rather than the space-level water fire-fighting. Specifically, in the present invention, the water storage tank is set inside the energy storage power station to store municipal tap water or water-based fire extinguishing agent. The interior of the out-of-control battery box realizes the targeted fire extinguishing of the battery box and prevents thermal runaway from spreading to other adjacent battery boxes.

In the present invention, the fire extinguishing agent is preferably water, such as municipal tap water, and a water-based fire extinguishing agent can also be used. The water-based fire extinguishing agent refers to the fire extinguishing agent used by a water-based fire extinguisher, and its main components are surfactants and water. Of course, other water-based fire extinguishing substances (solutions that use water as a solution, dissolve other chemical components, and have a fire extinguishing function) can also be applied in the present invention.

Section 4.3.1 of the group standard "T/CEC 373-2020 Fire Protection Technical Specifications for Prefabricated Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery Energy Storage Power Station" clearly stipulates that the battery management system should meet the requirements of GB/T 34131 and also meet the following requirements: a) Possess power protection functions such as battery overvoltage protection, undervoltage protection, overcurrent protection, short circuit protection, insulation protection, etc., have over temperature, combustible gas and other non-electric power protection functions, and issue hierarchical alarm signals or trip instructions; The linkage interface of the gas monitoring and automatic fire alarm system receives fire warning and fire detection signals, and sends out relevant linkage control commands.

Based on this, compared with the prior art, the water fire extinguishing system of the energy storage power station proposed by the present invention incorporates the BMS into the fire linkage control, the fire prevention and control system does not operate independently as an independent fire control system, and the fire control host and the battery management system are established. Communication link and data interaction; battery thermal runaway judgment is based on comprehensive evaluation of changes in flammable gas characteristic parameters and battery management system operating parameters; when battery thermal runaway triggers fire warning or fire sprinkler action, BMS executes the linkage control high-pressure fire issued by the fire control host Instructions for electrical switches, air conditioners, fans, access control systems, etc.

The present invention provides a water fire-fighting and fire-extinguishing system for an energy storage power station, which is used to realize PACK-level water fire-fighting after the battery thermal runaway occurs in the energy storage power station. , including: fire control host (control center of water fire extinguishing system of energy storage power station), data relay module (used to realize data relay transmission and data sharing), PACK level combustible gas monitoring module (set in each individual battery The fire monitoring device inside the battery box) and the water fire extinguishing subsystem (a subsystem that uses water storage tanks to store municipal tap water and can perform targeted sprinkler fire extinguishing on each individual battery box).

For a traditional energy storage power station, the energy storage power station includes a master controller (BAU), a master controller (BCU) and a slave controller (BMU). An energy storage power station includes multiple battery clusters, and a battery cluster consists of Composed of multiple battery boxes, the slave controller is set in each battery box (that is, each battery box is equipped with a slave controller for monitoring the temperature, voltage and operating status of the battery box), and the slave controller It communicates with the main controller, and the main controller communicates with the general controller, and forms a first vertical communication connection relationship.

For the energy storage power station water fire extinguishing system provided by the present invention, the system also has its independent control subsystem. The control subsystem includes a fire control host, a data relay module and a PACK level combustible gas monitoring module. Each The battery box is equipped with a PACK-level combustible gas monitoring module for independent monitoring. The PACK-level combustible gas monitoring module communicates with the data relay module to send the thermal runaway monitoring parameters of the battery box to the data relay module.

Specifically, the thermal runaway monitoring parameters (that is, the thermal runaway characteristic quantity) include the temperature parameters of the surrounding environment in the battery pack, the smoke concentration parameters in the surrounding environment in the battery pack, the alkane gas concentration parameters in the surrounding environment in the battery pack, and the battery pack. One or any combination of carbon monoxide concentration parameters in the surrounding environment of the bag. In the present invention, the present invention is mainly based on the temperature parameters of the battery (which can be obtained from the controller), the smoke concentration parameters in the surrounding environment in the battery pack, the alkane gas concentration parameters in the surrounding environment in the battery pack, and the parameters in the battery pack. The carbon monoxide concentration parameter in the surrounding environment is used as the basis for judging whether thermal runaway (or fire) occurs. Therefore, the sensors set by the PACK level combustible gas monitoring module include smoke sensors, VOC sensors and CO sensors. The sensor can adopt the temperature sensor provided in the existing battery box, and the temperature sensor is connected to obtain the temperature signal from the controller. Of course, the present invention can also carry out focused defense according to the heating point of the battery box, and the temperature sensor for focused defense can be connected to the slave controller or the combustible gas monitoring module.

The water fire-fighting and fire-extinguishing subsystem is a set of fire-fighting pipeline system that uses municipal tap water as the fire-fighting water source. The pipeline and the nozzle installed at the end of the pipeline, the end pipeline with the nozzle, that is, the water supply branch pipeline is equipped with a solenoid valve, the solenoid valve is normally closed, and it is controlled by the fire control host when it is necessary to spray water for fire protection. The control is opened to carry out targeted sprinkler fire extinguishing), and the fire control pipeline assembly is connected with the control host of the fire control.

The nozzle is a structure used for spraying water at the end of the pipeline. The present invention does not limit the structure of the nozzle. Any nozzle that can change the form of water spray by changing the structure of the nozzle can be applied to the present invention, such as spraying form, spraying form, thin Water mist form, atomization form, etc.

Specifically, the water fire-fighting and fire-extinguishing subsystem includes a fire-fighting water pump connected to the water storage tank, and a fire-fighting pipeline assembly connected to the fire-fighting water pump. There is a fire solenoid valve on the road; the fire pump and the fire solenoid valve are connected with the fire control host. The specific piping layout of the fire-fighting piping assembly is not limited here, and the design criteria are that it does not affect the layout of the battery box and that each battery box can be individually sprinkled to extinguish fire.

Specifically, the communication link between the fire control host and the data relay module, and the communication link between the data relay module and the PACK level combustible gas monitoring module form a second vertical communication connection; the communication link between the fire control host and the general controller forms a stack-level management Horizontal communication connection relationship, data relay module and master controller communication link form cluster level management horizontal communication connection relationship, PACK level combustible gas monitoring module and slave controller communication link form PACK level management horizontal communication connection relationship. Based on the above-mentioned communication topology, the specific communication method of the present invention is as follows: the PACK level combustible gas monitoring module can send data to the data relay module, the data relay module can send data to the fire control host, and the data relay module can send data to the main control The data shared by the controller, the fire control host and the general controller can realize data interaction and based on the total data information (including the temperature, voltage and operating status information of the battery box obtained from the multiple information parameters) to comprehensively evaluate the progress of battery thermal runaway.

In the above content, the present invention defines stack-level management, cluster-level management, and PACK-level management. The specific meanings are as follows: In an energy storage power station, a battery box is composed of several lithium battery Battery boxes are connected in series to form a battery cluster, and several battery clusters are connected in parallel to form a battery stack. The management of battery boxes is PACK-level management, the management of battery clusters is cluster-level management, and the management of battery stacks is stack-level management.

Further, each battery box is provided with a high-voltage relay for on-off control of the battery box circuit, the high-voltage relay is the first high-voltage relay; the main controller is connected to the first high-voltage relay and can be connected to the fire control host The linkage sends a disconnection control command to the first high voltage relay. There are multiple battery boxes, and multiple battery boxes are cascaded to form a battery cluster; the upper layer of the battery box is provided with a high-voltage relay for realizing the on-off control of the battery cluster circuit, and the high-voltage relay is the second high-voltage relay; the total controller and The second high-voltage relay controls the connection, and can be linked with the fire control host to send a disconnection control command to the second high-voltage relay. In the present invention, a high-voltage relay (first high-voltage relay) is provided on each battery box, and a high-voltage relay (second high-voltage relay) is also provided for each battery cluster, which can cut off a certain relay in a targeted manner when the battery is thermally out of control. The control of a battery cluster and a certain battery box is more precise.

Energy storage power stations generally have a power station external structure, which can be a large box, such as an energy storage container, or a building structure. No matter what kind of power station external structure is used, the energy storage power station will be equipped with ventilation windows. There are controllable shutters (electric shutters) on the ventilation window, and an explosion-proof smoke exhaust fan is also installed on the ventilation window. The controllable shutters and explosion-proof smoke exhaust fan are connected with the fire control host. Control the control of the host.

Furthermore, the present invention also includes a fire display module for displaying the fire information of the current energy storage power station, and the fire display module is connected to the fire control host computer under control.

Further, the present invention also includes an audible and visual alarm for fire alarming, and the audible and visual alarm is connected to the fire control host for control.

Based on the above-mentioned water fire extinguishing system of the energy storage power station, the present invention also provides an operation method of the water fire extinguishing system of the energy storage power station. The operation method of the water fire extinguishing system of the energy storage power station includes: Thermal runaway monitoring is performed on each battery box; step 2, the fire control host performs data processing on the thermal runaway monitoring parameters; step 3, performs smoke exhaust ventilation control and sprinkler control on the energy storage power station according to the data processing results.

Specifically, in step one, the slave controller set in the battery box obtains the current voltage, temperature and operating parameters of the batteries in the battery box and uploads them to the main controller; in step two, the main controller performs data interaction, The thermal runaway monitoring parameters are data exchanged by the data relay module; in step 3, at the initial stage of triggering the fire alarm, smoke exhaust ventilation is performed first, and if the thermal runaway monitoring parameters, current battery voltage, temperature, and operating parameters return to normal, stop exhausting Smoke ventilation. If the thermal runaway monitoring parameters, battery current voltage, temperature, and operating parameters continue to be abnormal, the smoke exhaust ventilation will be turned off, and targeted battery box water fire extinguishing will be carried out.

A water fire extinguishing system for an energy storage power station proposed by the present invention has a system control topology as shown in FIG. 2 .

The three-level fire controller architecture that originally operated independently: combustible gas monitoring module, data relay module, fire control host, and the three-level BMS architecture that originally operated independently: BMU, BCU, BAU, according to the PACK level of the energy storage battery system Management, cluster-level management, and stack-level management establish a vertical communication link relationship and a horizontal communication link relationship with each other in order to perform data interaction and control in real time. The specific communication link topology is shown in Figure 3.

In order to solve the problems of high-voltage electrical short circuit and insulation leakage caused by the injection of fire-fighting water, the water fire-fighting and fire-extinguishing system of the energy storage power station proposed by the present invention adds a high-voltage relay to control the on-off of the high-voltage electrical circuit in the battery box. When spraying, the data relay module links the BCU to disconnect the high-voltage relay in the battery box first, and the fire control host links the BAU to disconnect the high-voltage relay in the high-voltage box on the battery cluster, and then the fire control host executes the fire sprinkler action.

The water fire-fighting and fire extinguishing system of the energy storage power station proposed by the present invention can quickly extinguish open flames, effectively suppress the continuous occurrence of thermal runaway of the battery, completely prevent the recombustion of the battery, and fundamentally solve the safety problem of the energy storage power station.

The energy storage power station water fire extinguishing system provided by the present invention, its control method and fire extinguishing work process for the energy storage power station are shown in Figure 4, can be divided into four major steps, specifically described as follows:

(1) PACK-level flammable gas detection: The flammable gas monitoring module detects early features such as temperature and smoke changes, characteristic gases, and electrolyte leakage caused by thermal runaway of lithium batteries in real time, and uploads the monitored characteristic data to the data relay module; BMU collects analog data such as battery voltage and temperature and operating parameters in real time, and uploads relevant battery data to BCU;

(2) Information interaction and comprehensive assessment: the combustible gas monitoring module exchanges data with the BMU, the data relay module exchanges data with the BCU, the fire control host exchanges data with the BAU, and the fire control host conducts a comprehensive assessment of the battery thermal runaway progress;

(3) Fire early warning and linkage control: When the characteristic parameters of battery thermal runaway and the change of smoke temperature trigger the fire early warning threshold, the fire control host starts the explosion-proof smoke exhaust fan, opens the electric shutter, and quickly discharges the combustible gas in the battery compartment out of the container, reducing the Explosive concentration;

(4) PACK-level water fire sprinkler and linkage control: If the characteristic parameters of battery thermal runaway and the change of smoke temperature sense return to normal, the fire control host will turn off the explosion-proof smoke exhaust fan and electric shutters; if the characteristic parameters of battery thermal runaway and the change of smoke temperature sense When it continues to rise and triggers the fire sprinkler threshold, the fire control host turns off the explosion-proof smoke exhaust fan and the electric shutter, and the linkage BCU disconnects the high-voltage relays in each battery box, and the linkage BAU disconnects the high-voltage relays in the high-voltage boxes on the battery cluster, and turns on the fire protection system. The pipeline solenoid valve switches, starts the fire pump group, executes the fire sprinkler action, injects the fire water into the battery box where the thermal runaway occurs, completes the full immersion water fire extinguishing, and at the same time turns on the sound and light alarm outside the cabin to issue a fire alarm.

The innovation point of the present invention is:

1. The water fire-fighting and fire-extinguishing system of the energy storage power station proposed by the present invention is a set of water fire-fighting and fire-extinguishing system for the energy storage power station. It uses municipal tap water as the fire extinguishing inhibitor and sprays it directly into the battery box where thermal runaway occurs, directly acting on the heat. The out-of-control battery realizes the fully submerged PACK-level water fire-fighting and rapid fire-extinguishing, and completely solves the problem of cooling and secondary re-ignition;

2. The water fire-fighting and fire-extinguishing system of the energy storage power station proposed by the present invention incorporates the BMS into the fire-fighting linkage control, and the originally independently operated three-level fire control controller architecture and the originally independently operated three-level BMS architecture are managed according to the PACK level of the energy storage battery system, Cluster-level management and stack-level management establish vertical communication and horizontal communication link relationships with each other in turn, and perform data interaction and control in real time. At the same time, a high-voltage relay that controls the on-off of the high-voltage electrical circuit is added in the battery box. When the battery thermal runaway triggers a fire alarm or fire sprinkler action, the linkage control BMS disconnects the high-voltage relay in the battery box and the high-voltage relay in the high-voltage box in advance to prevent The problem of secondary electrical fires that may be caused when injecting fire water is solved.

The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and changes. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. An energy storage power station water fire control fire extinguishing system for realizing PACK level water fire control of energy storage power station after taking place battery thermal runaway, its characterized in that includes:

a fire control host;

a data relay module in communication with the fire control host;

the PACK-level combustible gas monitoring module is used for independently monitoring the thermal runaway characteristic quantity of each battery box and is in communication link with the data relay module and used for sending the thermal runaway monitoring parameters of the battery box to the data relay module;

the water fire-fighting fire-extinguishing subsystem comprises a water storage tank for storing water or water-based fire-extinguishing agent and a fire-fighting pipeline component which is connected with the water storage tank and is independently arranged corresponding to each battery box, wherein the fire-fighting pipeline component is connected with the fire-fighting control host in a control manner, and the water storage tank is arranged inside the energy storage power station and is used for realizing total submerged water coverage of the battery boxes so as to realize rapid fire extinguishing.

2. The energy storage plant water fire suppression system of claim 1, wherein,

the energy storage power station comprises a battery management system and a fire control system, wherein the battery management system comprises a master controller, a master controller and a slave controller, and the fire control system comprises a fire control host, a data relay module and a PACK-level combustible gas monitoring module;

the slave controllers are arranged in each battery box, are in communication connection with the master controller and form a first vertical communication connection relationship;

the fire control host is in communication link with the data relay module, and the data relay module is in communication link with the PACK-level combustible gas monitoring module, and forms a second vertical communication connection relation;

the fire control host computer with the general controller communication link forms heap level management transverse communication relation, the data relay module with the main control unit communication link forms the horizontal communication relation of cluster level management, the PACK level combustible gas monitoring module with the slave control unit communication link forms the horizontal communication relation of PACK level management.

3. The energy storage plant water fire suppression system of claim 2, wherein,

a high-voltage relay for realizing on-off control of the battery box circuit is arranged in each battery box, and the high-voltage relay is a first high-voltage relay;

the main controller is in control connection with the first high-voltage relay and can be linked with the fire control host to send a disconnection control signal to the first high-voltage relay.

4. The energy storage plant water fire suppression system of claim 3, wherein,

the plurality of battery boxes are arranged, and the plurality of battery boxes are cascaded to form a battery cluster;

the upper layer of the battery box is provided with a high-voltage relay for realizing on-off control of the battery cluster circuit, and the high-voltage relay is a second high-voltage relay;

the master controller is in control connection with the second high-voltage relay and can be linked with the fire control host to send a disconnection control signal to the second high-voltage relay.

5. The energy storage plant water fire suppression system of claim 1, wherein,

the energy storage power station is provided with a ventilation window, a controllable shutter is arranged on the ventilation window, and an explosion-proof smoke exhaust fan is also arranged on the ventilation window;

the controllable shutter and the explosion-proof smoke exhaust fan are in control connection with the fire control host.

6. The energy storage plant water fire suppression system of claim 1, wherein,

the fire control display module is used for displaying the fire control information of the current energy storage power station;

the fire control display module is in control connection with the fire control host.

7. The energy storage plant water fire suppression system of claim 1, wherein,

the fire alarm system also comprises an audible and visual alarm for performing fire alarm;

the audible and visual alarm is in control connection with the fire control host.

8. The energy storage plant water fire suppression system of claim 1, wherein,

the water fire-fighting subsystem comprises a fire-fighting water pump connected with the water storage tank and a fire-fighting pipeline assembly, the water storage tank is arranged inside the energy storage power station, the fire-fighting pipeline assembly is connected with the water storage tank through a water delivery branch pipeline, and a fire-fighting electromagnetic valve is arranged on the water delivery branch pipeline;

the fire-fighting water pump and the fire-fighting electromagnetic valve are in control connection with the fire-fighting control host.

9. A method of operating a water fire suppression system for an energy storage power station, comprising:

step one, monitoring thermal runaway of each battery box through a PACK-level combustible gas monitoring module;

step two, the fire control host computer carries out data processing on the thermal runaway monitoring parameters;

and thirdly, performing smoke exhausting and ventilation control and water spraying and fire extinguishing control on the energy storage power station according to the data processing result.

10. The method of operating a water fire suppression system for an energy storage plant of claim 9,

in the first step, a slave controller arranged in a battery box acquires the current voltage, the temperature and the operation parameters of a battery in the battery box and uploads the current voltage, the temperature and the operation parameters to a master controller;

in the second step, the main controller performs data interaction, and the thermal runaway monitoring parameter performs data interaction by a data relay module;

in the third step, at the initial stage of triggering the fire alarm, firstly, smoke exhausting and ventilation are carried out, if the thermal runaway monitoring parameter, the current voltage, the temperature and the operation parameter of the battery are recovered to be normal, the smoke exhausting and ventilation are stopped, and if the thermal runaway monitoring parameter, the current voltage, the temperature and the operation parameter of the battery are continuously abnormal, the smoke exhausting and ventilation are closed, and targeted fire extinguishing of the battery box water is carried out.

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