CN1161357A - Biodegradable plastic product made from coconut husk fiber powder mixture - Google Patents
Biodegradable plastic product made from coconut husk fiber powder mixture Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Processed plant fine fibers such as those from the mesocarp of a coconut together are blended with a biodegradable plastic to produce a biodegradable plastic product that can be further made into other items. Plastics thus made from coconut husk fine fiber powder will return to the environment after disposal much more rapidly than those without coconut husk fine fiber powder. In the process, a dry compressed plant fine fiber powder is created from fine fibers of the coconut mesocarp. An example product created from this raw material is composed of 10 to 40% by weight of dry coconut husk powder mixed with environmentally degradable plastic. Environmentally non-degradable plastic may be added to the dry powder as a biodegradation rate modulator to create a modified raw material with a modified biodegradation rate. Plastic additives, standard in the industry, can be added to achieve additional desired properties.
Description
The present invention relates to biodegradable plastic.More particularly, the present invention relates to by adding crushing atomizing vegetable fibre, as fiber from shell in the coconut, and the biodegradable plastics with enhanced biodegradation rate that make.The invention particularly relates to the improvement on the biodegradable plastic, wherein make that by the common polymkeric substance of blending, Biodegradable polymer and the crushing vegetable fibre powder that makes biological degradability strengthen usefulness biological degradability is foreseeable, the wet swelling characteristic that this plant powder had can produce the structure of destruction internal mechanical power after being exposed to environment for a long time.In other words, the present invention relates to the plastics that after using, in soil, decompose.
Because society is faced with environmental problem, more and more the demand environment Devlopment of Degradable Plastics.The biodegradable plastic of exploitation can be divided into more or less eclipsed four classes at present: the natural polymer class of a) having used polysaccharide such as starch and its analogue; B) the bioactive microorganism polyester of use microorganism; C) blend of promoted degraded character is arranged, it is to have degraded to promote the conventional plastics of additive; And d) synthetics, it comprises aliphatic polyester and its analogue.
The specific nature that depends on differing materials, biodegradable plastic is as the raw material and the product that is used for generally not taking the weight of disposable products.This type of application comprises: agricultural articles such as film, sheet material, bottle, jar and sack; Daily necessities and tableware such as plate, box and suction pipe; Some medical equipments; And sports equipment.Yet the use of biodegradable plastic still is restricted with they application in daily plastics industry and generally speaking is restricted.
Prior art sees for the summary of environment degradable polymkeric substance: " Encyclopedia ofChemical Technology " the 4th edition, 19 volumes, 968-1004 page or leaf, John Wiley ﹠amp; SonsInc. (1996), it is for reference that its full content is introduced into this paper.In addition, see: " Encyclopedia of ChemicalTechnology " the 4th edition, 19 volumes, 290-347 page or leaf, John Wiley ﹠amp for the manufacture method of present use and the summary of testing method; Sons Inc. (1996), it is for reference that its full content is introduced into this paper.
Biodegradable plastic is intended to solve the waste disposal problem of conventional plastics.But there are several obstacles.Depend on the type and the ratio of component in the biodegradable plastic and depend on the environment that biodegradable plastic goes out of use and handles, biodegradation rate is lower than predetermined value.Another obstacle is the increase along with the thickness of the product that contains biodegradable plastic, and biodegradability descends.In addition, as insect destructive result, will be shortened the work-ing life of containing the product of biodegradable plastic.Bigger problem remains many polymkeric substance and given play to narrow optimizing function after specially preparing, or embodies the influence of some manufacture method.Substitute the efficient that will reduce these methods and produce inferior the finished product with biodegradable plastic.Thereby very good be to find a kind of approach that improves the biological degradability of all plastics, and keep the desired characteristic of each plastics simultaneously.
A kind of possibility that obtains this target is by using additive in plastics, replaces the common fillers used at present, and this additive increases the susceptibility of plastics to environment degradable.Plastics additive is used for obtaining required character at present in plastics.For example, additive is used for giving the character such as intensity, hardness, flexibility, color etc.Estimating about the dark people of performance, application and the toxicity of plastics additive can be at " Chemical Additives for the Plastics Industry (chemical additive in the plastics industry) ", Radian Corp., Noyes Data Corp., N.J. find in (1987), it is for reference that its full content is introduced into this paper.A kind of possibility that improves environment degradable with plastics additive is to add biomaterial such as vegetable fibre or wood powder.
Palm, Cocoa Cortex cocois radicis especially, fruitage is also extensively planted in the torrid zone.Use palm with the whole bag of tricks traditionally.Referring to Fig. 2 A, vertically the cross sectional view of the coconut 2 that cuts shows endosperm 2c, and it has the thickness of 10-20mm and generally is used for Oleum Cocois, food or as the raw material of medicine.Hard wooden inner shell 2b, so-called shell typically has the thickness of 2-6mm.Exocarpium cocois (Cocos nucifera L) can be used to make high-quality technical grade gac.In shell 2a, so-called shell has constituted the largest portion of coconut fruit, general thickness is 30-40mm.Yet the fiber in the middle shell only is used for making line and rope at present, generally is not used in other purposes.
Referring to Fig. 2 B, the coconut fiber 3 from middle shell 2a (referring to Fig. 2 A) is classified as thick walled fiber on phytology.Typically, coconut fiber 3 has the length of about 0.7mm and 20 microns width.On the structure, fiber comprises inner membrance 3a, serration 3b and hollow hole 3c, and physically, coconut fiber 3 is light, hard with resilient.On the thermodynamics, coconut fiber 3 is heat conductors of difference.In addition, 3 pairs of water and airs of coconut fiber have weather resistance (ShoichiroNagai, Inorganic and organic industrial material handbook, p788, (S35,3,20) first version, published by Toyo Keizai Shinposha, it is for reference that its full content is introduced into this paper).
After crushed, coconut fiber 3 also has following characteristic: when adding water, its volume increases 5-6 doubly.According to hypothesis, this phenomenon be crushing, the exsiccant fiber has the result of original shape memory, wherein inner membrance 3a recovers the state of keeping of its cell levels.Therefore can suppose that the expansion characteristics of the vegetable fibre of this class and other class can make the Study of Biodegradation of Common process have useful reinforced effects.
The objective of the invention is to improve the biodegradable of traditional biological Devlopment of Degradable Plastics.
Another object of the present invention is to improve the biodegradable of traditional biological Devlopment of Degradable Plastics under the prerequisite that does not influence processing characteristics (good molding, extrusion molding and casting performance).
A purpose is to make the regulation and control of the biodegradation rate of final product processed become possibility again.
Another purpose is to control the biodegradation rate of product by the biodegradation rate of regulating and control final product processed.
Another purpose is to regulate and control the biodegradation rate of final product processed, and the biodegradation rate in the different piece of control product is in order that the relative biodegradation rate in the control different piece.
Still another purpose is to utilize those seldom to use in the past and the unnecessary coconut fiber of throwing away on commercial production levels.
Still another purpose of the present invention provides biodegradable product, and this product has insecticidal action so that the too early infringement that control is caused by insect.
A further object of the present invention provides biodegradable product, and this product has insecticidal action so that make the agricultural chemicals controlled release in soil, the processed back of wherein biodegradable product Pest Control.
Briefly, carry out blend from the fiber and the biodegradable plastics of shell in the coconut, thereby the biodegradable plastics that make with cocoanut husk fiber dust product is provided, return environment after this product treatment (disposal).The fiber production dried powder of shell from coconut.Product from a kind of by making with the dry cocoanut husk powder raw material of biodegradable plastic blended 10-40wt%.The nondegradation plastics can join in the dried powder as the biodegradation rate conditioning agent, make the modified feedstock with improved biodegradation rate.The additive that can add industrial standard is to obtain desired properties.For example, can add tensio-active agent to improve workability; Add colorant so that promotion; If desired, agricultural chemicals can be added so that protect this product or the soil of this product waste treatment is therein avoided the infringement of insect; And/or polymeric modifier, as linking agent, the monomer derived agent, (mixing) monomer (heteromonomer) of mixing, solidifying agent etc. can be used for changing the performance of substrate plastic.
According to an example of the present invention, the biodegradable plastic product is that the mixture from the dried powder of the biodegradable plastic that comprises the about 60wt% of about 95-and the about 40wt% of about 5-makes, and wherein dried powder comprises the fiber of shell in the coconut.
According to an example of the present invention, make the biodegradable plastic product by following method, this method may further comprise the steps: make the mixture of the dried powder of a kind of biodegradable plastic that comprises the about 60wt% of about 95-and the about 40wt% of about 5-, wherein dried powder comprises the fiber of shell in the coconut; With make the biodegradable plastic product.
According to an example of the present invention, make the biodegradable plastic product by following method, this method may further comprise the steps: make a kind of mixture, this mixture comprises the biodegradable plastic of the about 58wt% of about 89-, the dried powder of the about 40wt% of about 10-, wherein dried powder comprises the fiber of shell in the coconut and at least a material of selecting of the about 2wt% of about 1-from tensio-active agent and agricultural chemicals; With make the biodegradable plastic product.
According to another example of the present invention, make the biodegradable plastic product by following method, this method may further comprise the steps: make the biodegradable plastic that comprises the about 50wt% of about 85-, the mixture of the colorant of the dried powder of the about 40wt% of about 10-(wherein dried powder comprises the fiber of shell in the coconut) and the about 10wt% of about 5-; With make the biodegradable plastic product.
According to an example of the present invention, make the biodegradable plastic product by following method, this method may further comprise the steps: the mixture of making the dried powder (wherein dried powder comprises the fiber of shell in the coconut) of a kind of non-biodegradable plastics that comprise the biodegradable plastic of the about 20wt% of about 90-, the about 40wt% of about 5-and the about 40wt% of about 5-; With make the biodegradable plastic product.
According to another example of the present invention, the method of making the biodegradable plastic product may further comprise the steps: make a kind of by A) biodegradable plastic and the B of the about 60wt% of about 95-) mixture that the dried powder of the about 40wt% of about 5-is formed, wherein dried powder comprises the fiber of shell in the coconut; With make the biodegradable plastic product.
According to another example of the present invention, the method of making the biodegradable plastic product may further comprise the steps: isolate fibre fractionation from coconut, from fibre fractionation, remove pollution components (pollutent comprises salt and tannin) basically and produce clean fibrous matter, this fibrous matter is dried to water-content to be lower than about 10wt% and to produce the exsiccant fibrous matter, the fibrous matter that the fibrous matter crushing that drying is crossed obtains crushing, it is the about 80 microns powder of about 10-that the fibrous matter processing of crushing is become particle length, powder for drying to water-content is lower than about 3wt% produces dried powder, manufacturing is by A) biodegradable plastic and the B of the about 60wt% of about 95-) mixture formed of the dried powder of about 5-40wt% and make the biodegradable plastic product.
According to another example of the present invention, the method of making the biodegradable plastic product may further comprise the steps: make a kind of by A) biodegradable plastic of the about 20wt% of about 90-, B) non-biodegradable plastics and the C of the about 40wt% of about 5-) mixture that the dried powder of the about 40wt% of about 5-is formed, wherein dried powder comprises the fiber of shell in the coconut; With make the biodegradable plastic product.
According to another example of the present invention, a kind of method of making the biodegradable plastic product may further comprise the steps: isolate fibre fractionation from coconut, from fibre fractionation, remove pollution components (pollutent comprises salt and tannin) basically and produce clean fibrous matter, this fibrous matter is dried to water-content to be lower than about 10wt% and to produce the exsiccant fibrous matter, the fibrous matter that the fibrous matter crushing that drying is crossed obtains crushing, it is the about 80 microns powder of about 10-that the fibrous matter processing of crushing is become particle length, powder for drying to water-content is lower than about 3wt% produces dried powder, make by A) biodegradable plastic of the about 20wt% of about 90-, B) non-biodegradable plastics and the C of about 5-40wt%) mixture formed of the dried powder of about 5-40wt%; With make the biodegradable plastic product.
The present invention is by the product of forming from the drying of shell fiber in the coconut and the powder of crushing (below be called coconut shell powder) of the biodegradable plastic of the about 60wt% of about 95-and 5-40wt%.If comprise colorant or tensio-active agent, preferably the tensio-active agent of 1-2wt% or the colorant of 5-10wt% are joined in the said mixture.If as agricultural film, said mixture can further improve by the agricultural chemicals that adds 1-2wt%.By comprising the non-biodegradable plastics of 10-40wt%, the degradation rate of product can be regulated as required.
Above and other purpose of the present invention, feature and advantage will be clear that from the narration below in conjunction with accompanying drawing that wherein same label is represented same part.
The summary of accompanying drawing
Figure 1A is the skeleton diagram of raw material of the present invention (cocoanut husk fiber powder mixture).
Figure 1B describes the skeleton diagram of making the production stage of biodegradable plastic product of the present invention from cocoanut husk fiber powder mixture.
Fig. 2 A is the side cross-sectional view of coconut.
Fig. 2 B is the cross section enlarged view of coconut fiber.
Fig. 3 is the graphic representation that shows the biological degradation process of three examples of the present invention and comparison example.
Fig. 4 A is the graphic representation that shows example of the present invention and the biological degradation process of comparison example in extra large sand.
Fig. 4 B is the graphic representation that shows example of the present invention and the biological degradation process of comparison example in reddish yellow soil.
Fig. 4 C is the graphic representation that shows example of the present invention and the biological degradation process of comparison example in the grey soil of rice terrace.
Fig. 4 D is the graphic representation that shows example of the present invention and the biological degradation process of comparison example in the black andosoil in farmland.
Fig. 5 is the accompanying drawing that has shown the mulch film of being made by biodegradable plastic of the present invention, be used to cover ground when cultivating plant.
Being described in detail of preferred embodiment
Referring to Figure 1A, the example that is used as the biodegradable plastic of a component in the present invention is to be made of with plastics 6 biodegradable plastic 1 and the dispensable adjusting of arbitrariness with 5 blend of coconut fiber powder.The dispensable adjusting of arbitrariness can be considered to the properties-correcting agent of biological degradability with plastics 6.
The amount of each component is, as shown in Figure 1A:
1) biodegradable plastic 1: the about 60wt% of about 95-deducts α wt%; Wherein α=0, or α is between about 5 and about 40.
2) the coconut fiber powder 5: the about 40wt% of about 5-.
3) regulate with plastics 6: α wt%, wherein α=0, or α is between about 5 and about 40.
Referring to Figure 1B, the production method of biodegradable plastic comprises three little methods: the method 9 that a) shell 2a in the coconut is processed into fiber, b) method 10 of the fiber dust that fiber process is become to crush, and c) allow powder mix the method 11 that forms pellet with plastics.
The method 9 that shell 2a is processed into fiber in the coconut comprises from fresh fruit extraction and collects fiber, remove salt and tannin and dry basically resulting fiber from the fiber of collecting.
As an example of working method 9, the middle shell 2a of coconut 2 (below be called cocoanut husk) is at first through a soaking step 12.In soaking step 12, the cocoanut husk of rough chopping is exposed in the fresh water approximately 12-16 month.After soaking step 12, pulp has dissolved and has had only fiber to remain.Then, the step 13 of collection fiber comprises the collection fiber and their drawouts is exposed under the sunlight.Weather-drying step 14 subsequently comprises collected fiber bleached and desalted and the tannin class to remove in dry 3 months in the sun.The ending of weather-drying step comprises a final drying step: wherein warm air is forced to the fiber crossed by weather-drying in about 8 hours time.The hot-air dry step is reduced to about 10% with the moisture content of fiber.
The processing of rope, the frequent purposes of cocoanut husk fiber also adopts aforesaid method.Though total time is longer for above-mentioned processing instance, coconut is general to be found do not having the lot of energy source but the place of sunlight is arranged.Therefore, the cost of producing the coconut fiber powder is low-down, because the cost relevant with energy is very low.Clearly, these steps can be quickened in enough more energy consumption.For example, to the pressure treatment of shell in the coconut will accelerating fibers separation.
The working method 10 of making coconut powder 5 comprises that the processing fiber from above-mentioned working method 9 makes the step 15 of (or collection) thin fiber.Can collect thin component (from the residue material of the rope course of processing), or this type of fine-fibered can be by cutting off or fritter fiber manufacturing.The fine-fibered of collecting from step 15 step 16 of crushing then.The crushing step comprise with fine-fibered be gathered into fibrous bundle and to they apply enough pressure reduce to volume them they initial volume about 1/5 to 1/6.The fibrous matter of crushing is further processed by grinding steps 17, for example obtains coconut powder 5 by further cutting or grinding, and it is made up of the long short glass fibre of about 10-80 micron.
After procedure of processing 10, mixing process 11 comprises first drying step 18.In drying step 18, coconut powder 5 usefulness warm airs are dry down approximately 5-8 hour at 70 ℃.As a result, the water-content of coconut powder 5 further is reduced to about 2-3%.Then, in blend step 19, coconut powder 5 carries out blend with biodegradable plastics in the ratio of about 5-40wt%.Blend carries out granulation step 21 then.Represented as solid arrow, powder is heated to about 150-200 ℃ in this stage.This temperature causes the blend fusing.After blend is melted, its cooling and granulation are formed pellet 8.
In addition, specified as empty arrow, blend step 19 has also been replenished the step 20 of blending additive, and wherein, for example, non-biodegradable plastics or additive can be added in the blend before final granulation step 21.The pellet 8 ' that this can be improved.In addition, in the raw material of pellet 8 ', can add the auxiliary of 1-10% if desired, as tensio-active agent, agricultural chemicals, colorant, releasing agent or dispersion agent.
In biodegradable plastics 1 of the present invention, tensio-active agent can be added so that improve the blend effect of component and improve release property.Can add required colorant, to obtain the product of different color.Can add agricultural chemicals, weedicide etc., damage the finished product prematurely, or influence is discharged into the time of environment to avoid soil bacteria.In order to improve the homogeneity of blending ingredients, also dispersion agent can be joined in the blend.Generally being added to other additive of giving special characteristics in the plastics such as toughener, special properties-correcting agent, softening agent etc. also can add in the plastics in the suitable stage of the inventive method.
In product of the present invention, the pellet 8 of appropriate amount is as raw material.Depend on the type of product and its shape, film thickness or the like, biodegradable plastic of the present invention can be used in agricultural or fishery, daily necessities, building, medical hygiene, or field such as motion, as film, sheet material, sheet material, moulded work, lapping or covering material.Can produce by any manufacturing process easily, for example, injection moulding process, extrusion process, calendering molding methods, casting working method, blowing working method, vacuum moulding method and lining working method (lining processing).In the example that is described below, wish that generally Heating temperature is under about 140-200 ℃.In addition, manufacturing process be included in after the hot procedure cooling such as cutting and the method smashed to pieces.
After using, in being retained in soil, slurry, compost or when having in the water of microorganism, with pure biodegradable plastics separately Comparatively speaking, the biodegradable of product of the present invention is increased sharply.Biodegradable plastic comprises any biodegradable plastic that is suitable for concrete application.For example, aliphatic polyester class such as lactic acid resin based on the aliphatic acid resin of acetic ester such as the resin of carbonic ether, are suitable for many purposes.
When in product of the present invention (for example by microorganism) when forming crackle, water infiltrate crackle.The coconut fiber powder 5 of crushing absorbs these water, and expands widely and produce internal cleavage pressure.This internal stress destroys the overall structure integrity of plastic prod, produces a large amount of tiny cracks and huge network structure.Microorganism can enter netted microenvironment, accelerated degradation by these crackles and tiny crack subsequently.Mechanism is considered to produce microenvironment, and wherein microorganism is selected the activity of biodegradable plastic component of the present invention effect.
Compare with plastic fraction, have more microorganism to help coconut powder 5 (decomposition), because coconut powder 5 is natural organic substances.Thereby the destruction of this microorganism of coconut powdery components of the present invention is prior to the destruction of plastic fraction.In theory, this can increase the bacterial loads in the plastic construction, and the natural selective pressure (natural selectionpressure) of the local nutrition source (coconut fiber) of the bacterial loads that produce to increase, minimizing and other nutrition source (plastic polymer), these nutrition sources only are suitable for also having the enzyme ability of urging to be degraded plastic polymer and utilizes those bacterial strains of this polymkeric substance.Therefore, the overall shape of plastic prod is at first destroyed, has improved the probability that polymer degradation becomes feasible with microorganism in the presence of substrate polymer widely.
Example 1
In example 1 of the present invention, the staple length of 10wt% is that the coconut powder of about 20-80 micron mixes with the biological degradability aliphatic polyester.This Biodegradable polyester is made of in proportion ethylene glycol and aliphatic carboxylic acid at 30: 70.In order to test, use injection moulding apparatus, at the 140-200 ℃ of seedling pot (seedling pot) that following molding 0.5mm is thick.
Example 2
In example 2 of the present invention, the staple length of 20wt% is that the coconut powder of about 20-80 micron mixes with the biological degradability aliphatic polyester.This Biodegradable polyester is made of in proportion ethylene glycol and aliphatic carboxylic acid at 30: 70.In order to test, use injection moulding apparatus, at the 140-200 ℃ of thick seedling pot of following molding 0.5mm.
Example 3
Example 3 is made up of coconut powder and the biological degradability aliphatic polyester of 40wt%.The biological degradability aliphatic polyester is by 15% starch, and 45% lime carbonate and 40% polycaprolactone are formed.The same with example 1 and 2, the preparation experiment sample.
Comparison example 1
In comparison example 1, be used in the aliphatic polyester that uses in example 1 and 2 and prepared laboratory sample separately with same width and size.Referring to table 1, comparison example 1 and example 1,2 and 3 correlated experimental results of the present invention have been provided in the table.
Data show, with comparison example Comparatively speaking the biological degradability of product of the present invention strengthened largely.In addition, strengthened improvement to soil.The easy degree of the use of material of the present invention is compared not impaired with comparison example.
Referring to Fig. 3, with the degradation process of (passing) and the process of comparison example compare in time in the soil afield of above three examples.Ordinate zou represent to degrade percentage ratio and X-coordinate represented time (week) of disappearing.
Can clearly be seen that from Fig. 3 all example comparisons of the present invention have more biodegradable than example.For example, example 1,2 and 3 was degraded 80% during 9-12 month, and comparison example needs just to reach more than 30 months 80% degradation rate.In the middle of these examples, the example biological degradability with the highest coconut proportion of powder is the highest.
Table 1
| Example | Comparison example | |||
| ????1 | ????2 | ????3 | ????1 | |
| A) amount of coconut powder, wt% | ????10 | ????20 | ????40 | ????--- |
| B) firmness (comparison example is as standard) | ????1 | ????1 | A bit hard | Standard=1 |
| C) fusing point Pt (℃) | ????120 | ????120 | ????130 | ????120 |
| D) the easy degree of molding | ????A | ????A | ????A | ?????A |
| E) biodegradable (moon number of 80% degraded) | ????2.6 | ????3 | ????2.1 | ?????8 |
| F) improvement of soil | ????A | ????A | ????A | ?????C |
| G) total evaluation | ????A | ????A | ????A | ?????B |
1. estimate coding, A: excellence, B: good, C: do not change, normal
Needed month number of degraded takes place 2.e class is the seedling pot of 0.5mm.
3.f class is to destroy the improvement of back soil to plant-growth at product.
Referring to Fig. 4 A, show example 2 and the comparison example degradation process in extra large sand.Ordinate zou represent to degrade percentage ratio and X-coordinate represented elapsed time (time that laboratory sample is buried) of calculating with week.
Referring to Fig. 4 B, show example 2 and the comparison example degradation process in reddish yellow soil (soil of Aichi-ken type).Ordinate zou represent to degrade percentage ratio and X-coordinate represented elapsed time (time that laboratory sample is buried) of calculating with week.
Referring to Fig. 4 C, show example 2 and the comparison example degradation process in the grey soil of rice terrace.Ordinate zou represent to degrade percentage ratio and X-coordinate represented elapsed time (time that laboratory sample is buried) of calculating with week.
Referring to Fig. 4 D, show example 2 and the comparison example degradation process in the black andosoil in sugarcane field.Ordinate zou represent to degrade percentage ratio and X-coordinate represented elapsed time (time that laboratory sample is buried) of calculating with week.
According to the product desired application of particular type, perhaps can degrade by the pellet that said mixture forms too soon, thereby less favourable.In order to address this problem, the present invention has mixed conventional plastics, and promptly this is as non-biodegradable plastics, in order that control degradation speed and keep original-shape in the time of setting.
Referring to Figure 1B, represented as empty arrow, 5-40wt% can not mix formation modification pellet 8 ' with the mixture 4 of biodegradable plastic 1 and coconut powder 5 by biodegradable plastic in the course of processing.The product of blend is according to processing and make modification pellet 8 ' (Figure 1B) with pellet 8 similar methods.
Modification pellet 8 ' is particularly advantageous for the product that thickness is lower than 0.1mm, because so thin product is to be subjected to biological attack very easily.In addition, the higher surface area of this class thin product and volumetric ratio cause degradation kinetics faster.Modification pellet of the present invention not only improves the recovery utilization rate of the conventional plastics of depleted, and helps to reduce the cost of this recovery product.
Referring to table 2, only the product of the present invention that processes with the biological degradability component with added non-biodegradable component and compared with the product that slows down degradation rate.All 10 samples are made under conditions of similarity, relatively their biodegradable characteristic.The same in the processing of laboratory sample and experiment condition and the table 1.Employed non-biodegradable component is a polyethylene, the conventional plastics that do not possess degradation property a kind of consistency, general.
Table 2
| Example (soil: black earth) | ||||||||||
| Biodegradable product | Product with non-biodegradable component | |||||||||
| ??4 | ??5 | ??6 | ??7 | ??8 | ??9 | ??10 | ??11 | ??12 | ??13 | |
| A) thickness of moulded parts (mm) | ??0.1 | ?0.00 ???3 | ??0.1 | ?0.03 | ??0.1 | ??0.03 | ??0.1 | ??0.03 | ??0.1 | ??0.03 |
| B) coconut powder (wt%) | ??10 | ??10 | ??20 | ??20 | ??10 | ??10 | ??10 | ??10 | ??10 | ??10 |
| C) biodegradable plastic (wt%) | ??90 | ??90 | ??80 | ??80 | ??80 | ??80 | ??70 | ??70 | ??60 | ??60 |
| D) non-biodegradation plastics (wt%) | ??--- | ??--- | ??--- | ??--- | ??10 | ??10 | ??20 | ??20 | ??30 | ??30 |
| E) biodegradation rate (degrade 80% cun fate) | ??50 | ??14 | ??40 | ??10 | ??60 | ??20 | ??80 | ??30 | ??110 | ??40 |
The ratio of non-biodegradable component and degradable components and the thickness of moulded parts are depended in the minimizing of biodegradation rate.Yet, as can be seen, in the present invention, adding non-biodegradable plastics by control ground in the biological degradability component, biodegradation rate can reduce more than 20%.
Referring to Fig. 5, in the application of cultivating such as vegetables, plastics film can be used as coverture 7 (as tectum).Can find out that from accompanying drawing contact area 7a is embedded in the soil.Therefore, the remainder of the contact gear ratio coverture 7 of contact area 7a and soil is more abundant.So contact area 7a may earlier be degraded than the remainder of coverture 7.
In order to prevent deleterious plant epiphyte and bacterium, regulate degradation rate by the non-biodegradable component of in contact area 7a part, adding increase according to the above from contact area 7a intrusion.
In another example of the present invention, agricultural chemicals mixes with other component of biological degradability blend of the present invention.Along with the degraded of biological degradability product, agricultural chemicals is discharged in the soil lentamente.Therefore, in biological degradability product of the present invention, sneak into the agrochemicals that the agricultural chemicals of 1-2wt% can solve constant basis and be retained in the problem of using in the zone, and other measure is not enough.
The biodegradable plastic product utilization of the present invention that makes from cocoanut husk fiber powder mixture the coconut powder of quick degraded, this coconut powder from the torrid zone mass-produced coconut fiber make.This fibrid generally goes out of use, because they do not find industrial application value so far.
By allowing biodegradable plastic and coconut powder mixes, the present invention finds that biological degradability and processibility have improved.As a result, product can make thicker.In addition, because the coconut powder has hardness, elasticity and the water-intake rate of height, the resulting product of the present invention has strong mechanical hardness.The present invention has innovation technically: non-biodegradable conventional plastics can be used as the degradation rate conditioning agent very ideally.
Preferred embodiment example of the present invention has been described with reference to the drawings, should be appreciated that, the present invention is not limited to these concise and to the point examples, under the prerequisite that does not break away from defined scope and spirit of the present invention in the claim, can make various changes and modifications by skilled person in the art.
Although described only one or several example of character for example of the present invention above in detail, skilled person in the art will recognize that, do not break away from itself under the situation of the technique means of novelty of the present invention and advantage that to do many improvement in the example of character for example be possible.So it is to want to be included in according in the defined scope of the present invention of claim that all these classes are improved.In the claims, method+functional description item is to want to cover structure as herein described, and these structures embody cited function and not only embody structural equivalent but also embodiment equivalent configurations body.For example, though nail and screw can not be structural equivalents, wherein rely on friction between wooden part and the cylindrical surface fully tightening up under the state of wooden part nail, and the helical surface of screw to be with the positive mode wooden part that coincide, and follows closely when all be used as bolt tool and screw can be the equivalent configurations body.
Claims (28)
1. biodegradable plastic product, it is to be made by the method that may further comprise the steps:
Manufacturing comprises
A) biodegradable plastic of the about 60wt% of about 95-and
B) mixture of the dried powder of the about 40wt% of about 5-, wherein this dried powder comprises the fiber of shell in the coconut; With
Make this biodegradable plastic product.
2. biodegradable plastic product comprises:
The biodegradable plastic of the about 60wt% of about 95-; With
The dried powder of the about 40wt% of about 5-.
3. the biodegradable plastic product of claim 1, wherein said mixture also comprises at least a material that is selected from tensio-active agent and agricultural chemicals of the about 2wt% of about 1-.
4. the biodegradable plastic product of claim 1, wherein said mixture also comprises the colorant of the about 10wt% of about 5-.
5. the biodegradable plastic product of claim 1, wherein said biodegradable plastic is an aliphatic polyester.
6. biodegradable plastic product, it is to be made by the method that may further comprise the steps:
Manufacturing comprises
A) biodegradable plastic of the about 60wt% of about 90-and
B) dried powder of the about 40wt% of about 10-, wherein this dried powder comprise shell in the coconut fiber and
C) mixture of at least a material that is selected from tensio-active agent and agricultural chemicals of the about 2wt% of about 1-; With
Make this biodegradable plastic product.
7. biodegradable plastic product, it is to be made by the method that may further comprise the steps:
Manufacturing comprises
A) biodegradable plastic of the about 50wt% of about 85-and
B) dried powder of the about 40wt% of about 10-, wherein said dried powder comprise shell in the coconut fiber and
C) mixture of the colorant of the about 10wt% of about 5-; With
Make this biodegradable plastic product.
8. biodegradable plastic product, it is to be made by the method that may further comprise the steps:
Manufacturing comprises
A) biodegradable plastic of the about 20wt% of about 90-and
B) the non-biodegradable plastics of the about 40wt% of about 5-and
C) mixture of the dried powder of the about 40wt% of about 5-, wherein this dried powder comprises the fiber of shell in the coconut; With
Make this biodegradable plastic product.
9. the biodegradable plastic product of claim 8, wherein said biodegradable plastic is an aliphatic polyester.
10. the biodegradable plastic product of claim 8, wherein said mixture also comprises at least a material that is selected from tensio-active agent and agricultural chemicals of the about 2wt% of about 1-.
11. the biodegradable plastic product of claim 8, wherein said mixture also comprises the colorant of the about 10wt% of about 5-.
12. a method of making the biodegradable plastic product, this method may further comprise the steps:
From coconut, isolate fibre fractionation;
Basically remove contaminant component from described fibre fractionation, produce clean fibrous matter, described pollutent comprises salt and tannin;
The fibrous matter of described cleaning is dried to water-content to be lower than about 10wt% and to produce the exsiccant fibrous matter;
The fibrous matter of fibrous matter crushing that drying is crossed to obtain crushing;
The fibrous matter of processing described crushing serves as the about 80 microns powder of about 10-with the production particle length;
Powder for drying to water-content is lower than about 3wt% produces dried powder;
Manufacturing by
A) biodegradable plastic of the about 60wt% of about 95-and
B) mixture of the dried powder of about 5-40wt% composition; With
Make the biodegradable plastic product.
13. a method of making the biodegradable plastic product may further comprise the steps:
Manufacturing comprises
A) biodegradable plastic of the about 60wt% of about 95-and
B) mixture of the dried powder of the about 40wt% of about 5-, wherein said dried powder comprises the fiber of shell in the coconut; With
Make this biodegradable plastic product.
14. the method for claim 13, the step of wherein making mixture comprises: biodegradable plastic is an aliphatic polyester.
15. the method for claim 13, the step of wherein making mixture comprises that described mixture also comprises at least a material that is selected from tensio-active agent and agricultural chemicals of the about 2wt% of about 1-.
16. the method for claim 13, the step of wherein making mixture comprises: described mixture also comprises the colorant of the about 10wt% of about 5-.
17. a method of making the biodegradable plastic product, this method may further comprise the steps:
From coconut, isolate fibre fractionation;
Basically remove contaminant component from fibre fractionation, produce clean fibrous matter, described pollutent comprises salt and tannin;
The fibrous matter that this is clean is dried to water-content and is lower than about 10wt% and produces the exsiccant fibrous matter;
The fibrous matter of fibrous matter crushing that drying is crossed to obtain crushing;
Processing described fibrous matter with crushing serves as the about 80 microns powder of about 10-with the production particle length;
Powder for drying to water-content is lower than about 3wt% produces dried powder;
Manufacturing by
A) biodegradable plastic of the about 20wt% of about 90-,
B) the non-biodegradable plastics of the about 40wt% of about 5-and
C) mixture of the dried powder of about 5-40wt% composition; With
Make the biodegradable plastic product.
18. a method of making the biodegradable plastic product, it may further comprise the steps:
Manufacturing comprises
A) biodegradable plastic of the about 20wt% of about 90-,
B) the non-biodegradable plastics of the about 40wt% of about 5-and
C) mixture of the dried powder of the about 40wt% of about 5-, wherein this dried powder comprises the fiber of shell in the coconut; With
Make this biodegradable plastic product.
19. the method for claim 18, the step of wherein making mixture comprises: described biodegradable plastic is an aliphatic polyester.
20. the method for claim 18, the step of wherein making mixture comprises: described mixture also comprises at least a material that is selected from tensio-active agent and agricultural chemicals of the about 2wt% of about 1-.
21. the method for claim 18, the step of wherein making mixture comprises: described mixture also comprises the colorant of the about 10wt% of about 5-.
22. degredation plastic in the environment, it comprises:
At least a polymkeric substance; With
The vegetable fibre powder of crushing.
23. the plastics of claim 22, the vegetable fibre powder of wherein said crushing is that the fiber of shell makes from coconut.
24. the plastics of claim 22, wherein said at least a polymkeric substance are to be selected from mechanical system degredation plastic polymkeric substance, photodegradable plastic polymer, the plastic polymer of not degrading in biodegradable plastic and the environment.
25. degradable moulded plastics articles in the environment comprises:
Degredation plastic in the environment of 95-60wt%; With
The cocoanut husk fiber crushing of 5-40wt%, exsiccant, powdered.
26. degradable moulded plastics articles in the environment of claim 25 also comprises the colorant from 5-10wt%, that selects in the tensio-active agent of 1-2wt% and the agricultural chemicals of 1-2wt% is at least a.
27. degredation plastic goods in the environment comprise:
Degredation plastic in the environment of 95-60wt%;
The cocoanut husk fiber crushing of 5-40wt%, exsiccant, powdered; With
The plastics of not degrading in the environment of 5-40wt%.
28. degredation plastic goods in the environment of claim 27 also comprise the colorant from 5-10wt%, that selects in the tensio-active agent of 1-2wt% and the agricultural chemicals of 1-2wt% is at least a.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 97100315 CN1161357A (en) | 1996-01-23 | 1997-01-10 | Biodegradable plastic product made from coconut husk fiber powder mixture |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP027417/96 | 1996-01-23 | ||
| JP135678/96 | 1996-05-07 | ||
| CN 97100315 CN1161357A (en) | 1996-01-23 | 1997-01-10 | Biodegradable plastic product made from coconut husk fiber powder mixture |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1161357A true CN1161357A (en) | 1997-10-08 |
Family
ID=5164965
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 97100315 Pending CN1161357A (en) | 1996-01-23 | 1997-01-10 | Biodegradable plastic product made from coconut husk fiber powder mixture |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1161357A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101341019B (en) * | 2005-10-21 | 2011-09-14 | 克莱姆森大学 | Composite polymeric materials from renewable resources |
| CN105385057A (en) * | 2015-12-29 | 2016-03-09 | 南京大学 | Preparation method of bioactive molecule and macromolecule composite material |
| EP3286001A4 (en) * | 2015-04-20 | 2019-01-09 | Blake Teipel | Natural fiber composite and method of production |
-
1997
- 1997-01-10 CN CN 97100315 patent/CN1161357A/en active Pending
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101341019B (en) * | 2005-10-21 | 2011-09-14 | 克莱姆森大学 | Composite polymeric materials from renewable resources |
| EP3286001A4 (en) * | 2015-04-20 | 2019-01-09 | Blake Teipel | Natural fiber composite and method of production |
| US10968323B2 (en) | 2015-04-20 | 2021-04-06 | Essentium, Inc. | Natural fiber composite and method of production |
| CN105385057A (en) * | 2015-12-29 | 2016-03-09 | 南京大学 | Preparation method of bioactive molecule and macromolecule composite material |
| CN105385057B (en) * | 2015-12-29 | 2019-02-12 | 南京大学 | A kind of preparation method of bioactive molecule and polymer composite |
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