Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a novel fertilizer synergist and a preparation method and application thereof. The fertilizer synergist can effectively improve the utilization efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in the fertilizer.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
A novel fertilizer synergist comprises, by mass, 15-30 parts of a nitrification inhibitor, 10-25 parts of polyaspartate, 30-50 parts of polyepoxysuccinate and 1-10 parts of trace elements.
According to the invention, the nitrification inhibitor is preferably a mixture of 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) and an aqueous solution of phosphoric acid, the concentration of the aqueous solution of phosphoric acid is 85wt%, the molar ratio of the 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) to the phosphoric acid in the aqueous solution of phosphoric acid is 1:0.3-0.8, and the DMPP and the phosphoric acid are compounded according to the proportion of the invention, so that the stability of the DMPP can be improved, the performance of the nitrification inhibitor can be further improved, and the performance of the DMPP can be reduced when the proportion is too high or too low.
According to the invention, the polyaspartate is potassium polyaspartate and/or sodium polyaspartate, and the viscosity average molecular weight of the polyaspartate is 5000-6000.
According to the invention, the polyepoxysuccinate is sodium polyepoxysuccinate and/or potassium polyepoxysuccinate, the polyepoxysuccinate is a commercially available liquid, the solid content of the polyepoxysuccinate is 35-40wt%, and the viscosity average molecular weight of the polyepoxysuccinate is 600-800.
According to the invention, the microelements are preferably one or more than two of EDTA chelated manganese, EDTA chelated zinc, EDTA chelated iron, boric acid, ammonium heptamolybdate, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, zinc sulfate monohydrate and anhydrous copper sulfate.
According to the invention, the preparation method of the novel fertilizer synergist comprises the following steps:
mixing the nitrification inhibitor, polyaspartate, polyepoxysuccinate and trace elements uniformly.
According to the invention, the novel fertilizer synergist is applied to the granular fertilizer and the liquid fertilizer, wherein the granular fertilizer and the liquid fertilizer contain nitrogen and phosphorus elements.
According to the application of the invention, the application method in the granular fertilizer is preferably as follows, the novel fertilizer synergist is used for carrying out external spraying on the surface of the granular fertilizer, or the external spraying addition is carried out by using roller equipment in the granulating process of the granular fertilizer, so that the fertilizer synergist is adhered to the surface of the granular fertilizer, and the external spraying addition amount of the fertilizer synergist on the surface of the granular fertilizer is 2-5kg/t.
According to the application of the invention, the application method in the liquid fertilizer is preferably as follows, the novel fertilizer synergist is internally added into the liquid fertilizer, and is uniformly added into the liquid fertilizer in a stirring manner, and the addition amount of the fertilizer synergist in the liquid fertilizer is 2-10kg/t.
The invention has the technical characteristics and beneficial effects that:
1. the fertilizer synergist comprises DMPP, polyaspartate and polyepoxysuccinate, wherein the DMPP can exist stably in a system of polyaspartate and polyepoxysuccinate, loss caused by volatilization is reduced, polyaspartate and polyepoxysuccinate belong to macromolecular organic matters which have the function of chelating metal mineral elements in a solution, and when the polyaspartate and the polyepoxysuccinate are applied to soil together with a fertilizer, the two macromolecular organic matters can reduce the fixation of phosphate and ammonium ions in the soil and the fertilizer by combining or adsorbing metal cations and colloids around the fertilizer, so that the moving distance of phosphorus is prolonged, the fixation loss of ammonium nitrogen is reduced, and the utilization efficiency of nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer is improved. The synergistic effect of DMPP, polyaspartate and polyepoxysuccinate in the invention can reduce the loss of nitrogen and the fixation of phosphorus, can simultaneously improve the utilization efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus of fertilizer, reduce the loss of fertilizer, and the synergistic characteristic of delayed release of nitrogen and phosphorus in the fertilizer formula further promotes the absorption of quick-acting nitrogen and phosphorus of plants to soil, improves the utilization efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus, and promotes the rapid growth of crops.
2. The invention develops a novel fertilizer synergist, and has wider application advantages compared with the existing single nitrogen fertilizer stabilizer. Firstly, the fertilizer synergist is different from other fertilizer synergists reported at present in terms of using functions, can be directly used in all nitrogen and phosphorus-containing fertilizers, realizes the fertilizer efficiency extension of nitrogen and phosphorus by means of combination of biology and chemistry, and secondly, the fertilizer synergist has the advantages of regulating and controlling functions on soil and fertilizers, accelerating plant metabolism by stimulating plant roots, enhancing the absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus by plants, and realizing the efficient utilization of nitrogen and phosphorus. The novel fertilizer synergist developed by the invention can effectively realize the improvement of the utilization efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus through the triple regulation and control of soil, fertilizer and plants, and achieves the purposes of enhancing the efficiency, losing weight and not reducing the yield.
3. The fertilizer synergist is a liquid preparation, can be conveniently externally coated or internally added into a fertilizer, and also contains trace elements, so that the growth requirement of plants is further met.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated, but not limited, by the following examples.
The starting materials described in the examples are all conventional commercial products.
The potassium polyepoxysuccinate used in the examples had a solids content of 40% by weight and a viscosity average molecular weight of 600-800.
The viscosity average molecular weight of the used potassium polyaspartate is 5000-6000, and the concentration of the used phosphoric acid is 85wt%.
15-15-15 Compound fertilizer used in test example, and N-P-K mass contents are 15%, 15% and 15% respectively.
Example 1
The preparation method of the novel fertilizer synergist comprises the following steps:
40kg of polyepoxysuccinate potassium, 16kg of polyaspartic acid potassium, 20kg of DMPP, 8kg of phosphoric acid, 3kg of EDTA chelated zinc and 3kg of boric acid are mixed and stirred for uniform dispersion, so as to obtain the fertilizer synergist A.
Comparative example 1
The preparation method of the fertilizer synergist comprises the following steps:
56kg of potassium polyaspartate, 20kg of DMPP, 8kg of phosphoric acid, 3kg of EDTA chelated zinc and 3kg of borax are dissolved with 24kg of water to obtain the fertilizer synergist B.
In this comparative example, polyepoxysuccinate was not added.
Comparative example 2
The preparation method of the fertilizer synergist comprises the following steps:
56kg of polyepoxysuccinate, 20kg of DMPP, 8kg of phosphoric acid, 3kg of EDTA chelated zinc and 3kg of borax are mixed and stirred for uniform dispersion, so as to obtain the fertilizer synergist C.
Polyaspartate was not added to this comparative example.
Comparative example 3
A preparation method of the fertilizer synergist is as described in example 1, except that the addition amount of the polyepoxysuccinic acid potassium is 20kg, so as to obtain the fertilizer synergist D.
Comparative example 4
A preparation method of the fertilizer synergist is as described in example 1, except that the addition amount of the polyepoxysuccinic acid potassium is 70kg, so as to obtain the fertilizer synergist E.
Comparative example 5
The preparation method of the fertilizer synergist comprises the following steps:
a preparation method of the fertilizer synergist is as described in example 1, except that the addition amount of the potassium polyaspartate is 40kg, so as to obtain the fertilizer synergist F.
Comparative example 6
A fertilizer synergist was prepared as described in example 1, except that 40kg (40 wt% concentration) of a potassium polyglutamate solution was used instead of potassium polyepoxysuccinate to obtain a fertilizer synergist G.
Test examples
The fertilizer synergists obtained in the examples 1 and the comparative examples 1-6 are sprayed on the surfaces of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer granules according to the external application of 3kg/t, and after being placed in a 25 ℃ environment for 15 days, the synergists of compound fertilizer A, compound fertilizer B, compound fertilizer C, compound fertilizer D, compound fertilizer E, compound fertilizer F and compound fertilizer G are respectively obtained, DMPP is directly added on the surfaces of 15-15-15 compound fertilizers, and after being placed in the 25 ℃ environment for 15 days, compound fertilizer H is obtained.
1. Simulated leaching test for earth pillar
The soil to be tested is moist soil (pH=8.11), after air-dried, the soil is sieved by a 2mm sieve, soil columns are filled, each soil column is filled with 1.5kg of soil, the inner diameter is 10cm, the column height is 20cm, 5 treatments are respectively set, namely, the reference CK is 15-15-15 compound fertilizer, the T1 is compound fertilizer H, the T2 is compound fertilizer A, the T3 is compound fertilizer B, and the T4 is compound fertilizer C. Each treatment was repeated 3 times. The fertilizer is evenly mixed with the soil, then the soil is filled with columns, each column contains 3g of fertilizer, 300mL of water is leached every time, leaching solution is collected every three days, and the nitrogen and phosphorus content of the soil leaching solution is measured, so that the movement state of the fertilizer in the soil is determined. During the test, the fertilizer is leached for 10 times, the content of nitrogen and phosphorus elements in the leaching solution is detected respectively, and the related results are shown in fig. 1 and 2.
The results in FIG. 1 show that the common 15-15-15 fertilizer is used in the control treatment, the accumulated nitrogen content of the 10 times of leaching liquid is 67.1mg at the highest, and the accumulated nitrogen content is higher than that of other treatment groups, so that the fertilizer synergist is beneficial to reducing the leaching loss of nitrogen and improving the utilization rate of the fertilizer. The leaching amount of the nitrogen treated by T2 is far lower than T1, which indicates that the formula of the invention promotes the stability of DMPP, thereby leading the DMPP to better play a role in nitrification inhibition, and the leaching amount of the nitrogen treated by T2 is respectively lower than the group T3 and the group T4, which indicates that the formula system of the DMPP, polyaspartate and polyepoxysuccinate of the invention can play a synergistic role, and further improve the utilization efficiency of the nitrogen.
The result of figure 2 shows that the common 15-15-15 fertilizer is used in the control treatment, and the accumulated phosphorus content of the 10 times of leaching solution is 3.6mg which is far lower than 5.1mg of the T2 synergistic compound fertilizer. Phosphate availability is generally low due to poor mobility of phosphorus in the soil. In the test, in the treatment of applying the fertilizer synergist, the leaching amount of the phosphorus is increased, which indicates that the moving distance of the phosphorus is obviously increased, thereby being beneficial to the absorption and utilization of the phosphorus by the root system and improving the utilization efficiency of the phosphorus. The leaching amount of the phosphorus treated by T1 is close to that of a contrast, which shows that the influence of the nitrification inhibitor on the phosphorus of the fertilizer is small, and the leaching amount of the phosphorus treated by T3 and T4 is far lower than that of the phosphorus treated by T2, which shows that the potassium polyaspartate and the polyepoxysuccinate play a synergistic effect in improving the mobility of phosphoric acid, the effect is better than that of using a single component, and the further improvement of the utilization efficiency of the phosphorus can be realized.
Test results show that after the novel fertilizer synergist is added, the loss of nitrogen in the fertilizer applied to soil is obviously reduced, and the movement of phosphorus is obviously increased. The novel fertilizer synergist has the advantages that the nitrification inhibitor and the phosphate fertilizer synergist are organically combined, so that the loss and fixation of the fertilizer are synergistically reduced, and the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved.
2. Crop potting test
The potted wheat test is adopted, and the influence of the novel synergist on the phosphorus and nitrogen in the soil is further illustrated by measuring the nitrogen absorption capacity, the phosphorus absorption capacity and the yield of the wheat.
The test soil is brown soil, wheat variety, jimai 22, the test is 10 treatments, each treatment is repeated four times, each pot of soil is 10kg, each pot of soil layer is about 60cm, and 8 wheat seeds are sowed in each pot of soil. The 10 treatments are CK without fertilizer, T1 is 15-15-15 common compound fertilizer, T2 is H, T3 is A, T4 is B, T5 is C, T6 is D, T7 is E, T8 is F, and T9 is G. 5g of fertilizer is used in each pot of treatment test, the same farmland management is adopted in each treatment test for sowing, watering and seed testing after harvesting, the wheat yield after harvesting, the absorption of nitrogen in the overground part plants and the absorption of phosphorus in the plants are respectively measured in each treatment test, and the nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency and the phosphorus fertilizer utilization efficiency are calculated.
After wheat is harvested, biomass of upper plants in each area is measured, nitrogen content of the plants is measured, nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency is calculated by measuring nitrogen absorption amount of the upper parts of the wheat which is not fertilized in a blank process, nitrogen fertilizer utilization ratio= (nitrogen absorption amount of plants in a nitrogen applying area-nitrogen absorption amount of plants in a nitrogen not applying area)/nitrogen application amount multiplied by 100%, and phosphorus fertilizer utilization ratio= (phosphorus absorption amount of plants in a phosphorus applying area-phosphorus absorption amount of plants in a phosphorus not applying area)/phosphorus application amount multiplied by 100%.
The cumulative amounts of nitrogen in the wheat and the nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency of the different fertilization treatments are shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1 Nitrogen uptake and Nitrogen fertilizer in-season utilization of plants treated with different fertilizations
As can be seen from Table 1, the application of the common 15-15-15 compound fertilizer has the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate of only 29.3%, the fertilizer T2 treated by using the synergist DMPP has the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate of 36%, the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate is improved by 22.9% compared with the common fertilizer, the T3 treated by using the novel synergist A has the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate of 57.3%, the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate is improved by 95.6% compared with the common fertilizer, and the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rates of both T4 and T5 are respectively 44% and 46.7% which are lower than the T3, so that the synergistic components such as polyepoxysuccinate, polyaspartate, DMPP and the like in specific proportion are contained in the novel fertilizer synergistic agent, and the yield and nitrogen accumulation of wheat are greatly improved through the synergistic effect, thereby improving the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate. T6-T8, however, shows that polyepoxysuccinate, polyaspartate, only has a beneficial synergistic effect at the specific addition levels according to the invention. T9 indicates that changing the type of polymer salt, the synergism of polyepoxysuccinate and polyaspartate is lost and the resulting synergist is less effective.
The cumulative amounts of phosphorus and the phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency of the wheat treated by different fertilization are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 phosphorus uptake and phosphorus fertilizer utilization at the season for plants treated with different fertilizations
As can be seen from Table 2, the application of the common 15-15-15 fertilizer T1 has the phosphate fertilizer utilization rate of only 4.6%, the application of the DMPP synergistic fertilizer T2 has the wheat phosphate fertilizer utilization rate of 6.1%, the utilization rate of phosphorus is improved due to the increase of the nitrogen absorption rate of plants, the utilization rate of phosphorus is improved by 178.2% compared with that of the common fertilizer, the utilization rates of the novel synergistic fertilizer T3 are respectively 8.9% and 9.3% and are both smaller than that of the T3, and the synergistic components such as polyepoxysuccinate, polyaspartate, DMPP and the like contained in the novel synergistic fertilizer are illustrated, so that the yield of crops is greatly improved through the synergistic effect, and the utilization rate of the phosphate fertilizer is improved. T6-T8, however, shows that polyepoxysuccinate, polyaspartate, only has a beneficial synergistic effect at the specific addition levels according to the invention. T9 indicates that changing the type of polymer salt, the synergism of polyepoxysuccinate and polyaspartate is lost and the resulting synergist is less effective.
And the yield of the wheat treated by the T3 applied with the compound fertilizer A is obviously higher than that of other treatments. In conclusion, the results show that the novel fertilizer synergist can obviously improve the on-season fertilizer utilization rate of wheat. The nitrogen and the phosphorus of the fertilizer are simultaneously enhanced by the fertilizer enhanced by the novel fertilizer synergist, and the absorption and utilization efficiency of crops to various elements is greatly improved by the synergistic effect of various substances in the formula, so that the improvement of the crop yield is promoted.