CN116067161A - Drying feeding device - Google Patents

Abstract

An embodiment of the present invention provides a dry feeding device. The device includes a feeding system, a screw feeding system, a microwave heating system and a water vapor guiding system. The screw feeding system includes a spiral tube. The spiral tube is divided into a feeding area, a first sealing area, a drying area, a second sealing area and a discharge area. Continuous spiral blades are arranged on the rotating shaft in each area. After the material enters the spiral tube, it is stirred and pushed by the spiral blade, passes through the first sealing area and enters the drying area, and is continuously heated by the microwave heating system and heated by the spiral blade to raise the temperature, dehydrated, and puffed and loose; the water vapor in the drying area is automatically guided by the water vapor After the system is purified, it is emptied to maintain a safe pressure in the device; the dehydrated material is sent into the reaction chamber after passing through the second sealing area and the discharge area, and subsequent reactions occur. The device has the advantages of uniform heating, energy saving, pressure resistance, fast control response, strong adaptability and high space utilization rate, and can realize fast, efficient and safe drying and dehydration of organic solid waste materials.

Description

A dry feeding device

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of organic solid waste drying, in particular to a drying feeding device.

Background technique

Social production and life will produce a large amount of organic solid waste (organic solid waste). If these organic solid wastes are not effectively treated, it will not only cause a series of serious environmental pollution problems, but also lead to a large amount of waste of resources. Waste can be converted into fuel, chemicals or heat through pyrolysis, combustion and other technical means for further utilization, so as to realize the transformation of waste into treasure. However, many types of organic solid wastes have high water content, especially domestic waste, industrial waste residue, municipal sludge, farm manure, etc., and their heat treatment process will be significantly affected by water: on the one hand, high water content is not conducive to the development of organic solid waste. Raw materials are heated up; on the other hand, the precipitation of a large amount of water will also interfere with the reaction process or affect product quality, reduce processing efficiency, and ultimately increase processing costs. Therefore, it is very necessary to effectively dry the organic solid waste raw materials before processing.

Hot air drying is the most common drying method. Indirectly heated air can directly contact organic solid waste raw materials to heat up the raw materials and take away water vapor. However, the flow resistance of the hot air drying system is relatively large, so a high-pressure or medium-pressure fan must be selected, and the power consumption is relatively large. Due to the high gas velocity and large flow rate of hot air, it is often necessary to use large-sized cyclone separators, bag filter and other follow-up processing equipment, resulting in difficult tail gas treatment, complex device structure, and large footprint. Compared with external drying methods such as hot air, flame, and electric heating, microwave heating drying is a more efficient drying method. Microwaves form a high-frequency electric field, which makes the polar water molecules inside the raw material violently reciprocate to generate heat, and finally makes the water The temperature rises directly away from the raw material. Different from external heating drying methods such as hot air, microwave drying is an internal heating method, which can directly heat the water molecules inside the raw material without heat conduction process, and the heating rate is fast and uniform, while reducing energy loss. Microwave drying technology has the characteristics of high efficiency, rapidity and energy saving, and has been applied more and more in various fields.

At present, most microwave drying processes use independent microwave drying equipment. For example, in the Chinese patent document CN109879576A, a two-stage treatment process of drying and pyrolysis is designed using microwaves. Livestock manure needs to be dried by microwaves before being sent to the pyrolysis system for subsequent decomposition reactions. However, this independent drying process needs to be equipped with drying, conveying, dry material storage and other devices at the same time. The structure is complicated and the floor space is large, which is not conducive to the promotion of technology. Due to the high microwave heating efficiency and fast drying rate, and the screw feeder has the characteristics of simple structure and reliable operation, it is the main feeding equipment for pyrolysis, combustion and other devices. Microwave heating has the potential to be directly combined with the screw feeder. However, there are still many problems in the combination of microwave heating and screw feeder technology. For example, a continuous vacuum microwave drying device disclosed in Chinese patent document CN102538425A has a large space in the microwave drying chamber, which is conducive to the thermal expansion of moisture, but it will cause microwave dissipation, difficulty in concentrating heat, and low drying efficiency; In the patent documents CN106738435A and CN111226577A, the outer edge of the helical blade is close to the wall of the drying chamber pipe, and the water vapor is released only through the small exhaust pipe, which can reduce the loss of heat, but this exhaust process is only suitable for raw materials with low moisture content or slow drying. Fast traditional heating method, if the moisture content of the raw material is high, the rapid heating of the microwave will cause the rapid release of moisture and the sudden increase of the volume, which cannot be removed in time, and finally the pressure is too high, the pipeline will be blocked and the equipment will be damaged.

In view of the above problems in the existing technology, in order to fully combine the advantages of microwave heating and screw feeding, realize the rapid drying of organic solid waste raw materials, and improve the space utilization, it is necessary to develop a new type of drying device.

Contents of the invention

The present invention aims to solve the technical problem that the existing microwave device cannot achieve rapid, efficient and safe dehydration of organic solid waste raw materials under the premise of ensuring small energy loss, fast drying rate and compact space.

In order to solve the above technical problems, an embodiment of the present invention provides a dry feeding device, including a feeding system, a screw feeding system, a microwave heating system and a water vapor guiding system, wherein:

The screw feeding system includes a spiral tube, a rotating shaft, a screw drive unit and a spiral blade. The spiral tube is a hollow circular tube arranged horizontally; A sealing area, a drying area, a second sealing area and a discharge area; the spiral tube is coaxially arranged with the rotating shaft passing through the feeding area to the discharging area; the rotating shaft is controlled by the Driven by a screw drive unit, the continuous screw blades are fixedly arranged with the rotating shaft as the axis; the parts of the screw blades in the feeding area and the discharging area are set as pushers for pushing materials Blades, the parts in the first sealing area and the second sealing area are set as sealing blades for maintaining sealing, and the parts in the drying area are set as constant pressure blades for stirring materials; the sealing The edge of the vane is provided with a sealing piece that is attached to the inner wall of the spiral tube, and the sealing vane and the inner wall of the spiral tube form a partial sealing structure in the first sealing area and the second sealing area; the constant There are constant pressure holes as water vapor passages on the pressure vane;

The outlet of the feeding system is connected to the top of the feeding area for inputting materials; the water vapor guiding system is connected to the top of the drying area for discharging the water vapor generated by the materials in the drying area;

The water vapor guide system includes a box body, a ventilating partition and a water vapor guiding pipe; the ventilating partition is arranged in the box body to separate the inner cavity of the box body from the drying area, which can block the materials in the drying area and allow water vapor to pass through. The position of the air-permeable partition inside the box can be adjusted up and down, and the height can be set according to the expansion volume of the material, which is used to maintain the safe pressure in the drying area and control the density of the material; the water vapor guide pipe is arranged on the The top of the box is close to the end of the discharge area, which is used to discharge the water vapor in the box;

A plurality of microwave heating systems are arranged axially along the spiral tube on the side of the drying zone for emitting microwaves to the materials in the drying zone; the discharge zone is provided with an outlet for discharging the materials to the reactor for subsequent reactions.

Preferably, the temperature of the drying zone is set at 100-200°C.

Preferably, the difference between the outer diameter of the spiral blade and the inner diameter of the spiral tube is no more than 2mm.

Preferably, the length of the first sealing area and/or the second sealing area is not less than the pitch of the sealing vanes.

As a preferred microwave heating system, the microwave heating system includes a microwave generator, a microwave guide pipe, a flange connection pipe, a thick ceramic sheet, a sealing ring and a counterbore flange; the microwave generator is used to generate microwaves; the microwave guide pipe One end is connected to the microwave generator, and the other end is connected to the flange connection pipe; the flange connection pipe is connected to one end of the counterbore flange through the thick ceramic sheet and the sealing ring in turn, and the other end of the counterbore flange is One end communicates with the drying area.

As a preference of the feeding system, the feeding system includes a hopper with a large inner diameter and a small bottom, and an agitator is arranged horizontally inside the hopper, and the agitator is composed of a stirring shaft and a plurality of stirring paddles evenly distributed on the stirring shaft. leaves and driving device.

A dry feeding device provided by the technical solution of the present invention, the core of which is a sealing blade to realize the sealing of the dry area, a constant pressure blade that allows water vapor to communicate, a water vapor guiding system that assists in the timely discharge of water vapor, and a device that effectively avoids energy dissipation Microwave heating system. The organic solid waste raw material as material is pushed through the sealing area by the pusher blade and enters the microwave heating system. After microwave heating and constant pressure blade turning, the moisture is quickly and evenly removed, the material expands itself, and the water vapor is released through the constant pressure hole to maintain The balance of pressure in the drying area; the water vapor is discharged by the water vapor guide system, and the harmful substances contained in the water vapor can be further catalyzed and decomposed in the purification system and then emptied; It is discharged from the discharge area under the pushing action of the material, enters the reaction chamber, and the subsequent reaction occurs. The beneficial effects of the foregoing technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention are as follows:

1. Microwave is used as the heating method, which can penetrate into the material and heat it evenly. It has lower requirements on the size and shape of the raw material, and can reduce the power consumption of crushing pretreatment. The heating rate is fast, the heat is concentrated, and the penetration is strong; even for Low-water materials with a moisture content of less than 30% can also be dried quickly by microwaves, with low energy consumption; the moisture in the materials directly absorbs microwaves to raise the temperature, without additional heat-exchanging working fluids, avoiding secondary pollution of working fluids, and greatly simplifying the device structure , clean and environmentally friendly, high space utilization, reducing equipment and land costs; microwaves can only heat target water molecules, so the thermal inertia is small, no thermal hysteresis effect, easy to control, can adjust the temperature in time and start and stop quickly, and flexibly change the device Working status to adapt to changes in material composition.

2. The arc pipe of the microwave heating system is conducive to microwave reflection, and the microwave is limited in the pipe, the heat loss is small, the heating efficiency is high, the heating range is concentrated, and the energy utilization rate is high; the moisture inside the material is directly heated by the microwave, and the rapid temperature rise produces a large amount of water The steam forms many tiny pores, which makes the raw material expand loose and less prone to sticking or accumulation, which can ensure the stable operation of the equipment and facilitate the occurrence of subsequent reactions; at the same time, the material is continuously stirred during the heating process to avoid local overheating and achieve overall uniformity heat up.

3. The dry feeding device adopts an independent microwave heating system to avoid affecting the operation of the device due to problems with the single microwave equipment, and is easy to replace and maintain.

4. The dry feeding device forms a sealing area by setting sealing blades, which can effectively prevent the pressure generated by water expansion from overflowing to the outside of the drying area of the spiral tube, and has strong pressure resistance;

5. The dry feeding device can realize automatic exhaust to ensure safe operation. It uses the expansion effect of the material moisture after heating, and the water vapor is automatically discharged from the water vapor guiding system through the constant pressure hole and the breathable partition, effectively reducing the spiral The gas pressure in the pipe; at the same time, by adjusting the position of the gas-permeable partition, the expansion height of the material is controlled to avoid blocking the pipe and damaging the equipment due to excessive pressure.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the front view of a kind of dry feeding device provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the top view of dry feeding device shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a helical blade in the dry feeding device provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the structural representation of a kind of microwave heating system in the drying feeding device provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a connection schematic diagram of the microwave heating system shown in Fig. 4;

Fig. 6 is a structural schematic diagram of a flange connection pipe in the microwave heating system shown in Fig. 4;

Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of a thick ceramic sheet in the microwave heating system shown in Fig. 4;

Fig. 8 is a structural schematic diagram of a sealing ring in the microwave heating system shown in Fig. 4;

Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a microwave generator in a dry feeding device provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[Description of main component symbols]

1-feeding system; 11-hopper; 12-stirrer;

2-screw feeding system; 21-spiral tube; 211-feeding area; 212-first sealing area; 213-drying area; 214-second sealing area; Drive unit; 24-spiral blade; 241-push blade; 242-sealing blade; 2421-sealing sheet; 243-constant pressure blade; 2431-constant pressure hole;

3-Microwave heating system; 31-Microwave generator; 311-Power supply; 312-Microwave tube; 313-Magnet; 314-Microwave output device; 32-Microwave guide tube; 35-sealing ring; 36-counterbore flange;

4-water vapor guiding system; 41-cabinet; 42-breathable partition; 43-water vapor guiding pipe;

5 - Reactor.

Detailed ways

In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages to be solved by the present invention clearer, the following will describe in detail with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.

Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals designate the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the figures are exemplary and are intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Aiming at the technical problems existing in existing microwave devices, the present invention provides a dry feeding device, as shown in Figures 1 to 3, including a feeding system 1, a screw feeding system 2, a microwave heating system 3 and a water vapor guiding system 4 . The screw feeding system 2 is composed of a screw tube 21 , a rotating shaft 22 , a screw driving unit 23 and a screw blade 24 . The spiral tube 21 is a hollow circular tube arranged horizontally; the spiral tube 21 is divided into a feeding area 211, a first sealing area 212, a drying area 213, a second sealing area 214 and a discharge area 215 connected in sequence from one end to the other end; The spiral tube 21 is coaxially arranged with a rotating shaft 22 passing through the feeding area 211 to the discharging area 215; the rotating shaft 22 is driven by the screw drive unit 23 to rotate, and the screw drive unit 23 is usually a motor, which can be installed on the spiral tube 21 1 and 2, it can also be installed at the end of the feeding area 211, and the rotating shaft 22 can extend from the end of the feeding area 211 of the spiral tube 21 to be connected with the motor.

As shown in Figures 1 and 3, a continuous helical blade 24 is fixedly arranged with the rotating shaft 22 as the axis; the part of the helical blade 24 in the feed area 211 and the discharge area 215 is set as a pusher for pushing the material forward. The blade 241; the part of the spiral blade 24 in the first sealing area 212 and the second sealing area 214 is set as a sealing blade 242 for maintaining the seal, and the edge of the sealing blade 242 is provided with a sealing sheet 2421 that is attached to the inner wall of the spiral tube 21, In the first sealing area 212 and the second sealing area 214, the sealing blade 242 forms a partial sealing structure with the inner wall of the helical tube 21; the part of the helical blade 24 in the drying area 213 is set as a constant pressure blade 243 for stirring materials; constant pressure The blade 243 is provided with a constant pressure hole 2431 as a water vapor channel; different types of helical blades 24 are seamlessly connected in sequence.

As a preferred embodiment, the spiral tube 21 is a hollow circular tube arranged horizontally, with a diameter of 150mm; , the second sealing area 214 and the length of the discharge area 215 are set to 240mm, 80mm, 640mm, 80mm and 120mm respectively; the outer diameter of the spiral blade 24 and the inner diameter of the spiral tube 21 differ by no more than 2mm, and the pitch of the spiral blade 24 is 80mm. Those skilled in the art can select corresponding element sizes according to actual needs.

The outlet of the feeding system 1 is connected to the top of the feeding area 211 for inputting materials. As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, the feeding system 1 includes an inverted triangular hopper 11 with a large inner diameter and a smaller inner diameter. An agitator 12 is arranged horizontally inside the hopper 11. The upper stirring blade and the driving device are composed. As a preferred embodiment, the agitator 12 can be arranged parallel to the rotating shaft 22, and seven stirring blades can be arranged alternately on the agitating shaft; the agitator 12 can be linked with the rotating shaft 22 and driven by rotation The unit* provides power. Those skilled in the art may choose other arrangements according to actual needs.

The water vapor guiding system 4 is connected to the top of the drying area 213 for discharging the water vapor generated by the materials in the drying area 213 . As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the water vapor guide system 4 includes a box body 41, a ventilating partition 42 and a water vapor guiding pipe 43; the ventilating partition 42 is arranged at the lower part of the box body 41 to separate the box body 41 and the drying area 213, The steam in the drying area 213 can enter in the casing 41 through the air-permeable partition 42; the water vapor guide pipe 43 is arranged on the top of the casing 41 near the end of the discharge area 215, and is used to discharge the water vapor in the casing 41, and the water vapor It can be guided by a negative pressure fan to quickly pass through the air-permeable partition 42, and then be discharged to the purification device through the water vapor guide pipe 43.

A number of microwave heating systems 3 are arranged axially along the spiral tube 21 on the side of the drying area 213 for emitting microwaves to the materials in the drying area 213; Six sets of microwave heating systems 3 are arranged horizontally and equidistantly. Those skilled in the art can choose the number of microwave heating systems 3 according to actual needs; as a better implementation, set the microwave intensity to keep the temperature of the drying zone 213 at 100-200°C.

As a preferred embodiment of the microwave heating system 3, as shown in Figures 4 to 8, the microwave heating system 3 includes a microwave generator 31, a microwave guiding pipe 32, a flange connecting pipe 33, a thick ceramic sheet 34, a sealing Ring 35 and counterbore flange 36, wherein: microwave generator 31 is used to generate microwave; microwave guide pipe 32 one end connects microwave generator 31, the other end connects flange connecting pipe 33; flange connecting pipe 33 passes through thick ceramic plate 34 and The sealing ring 35 is connected to one end of the counterbore flange 36 , and the other end of the counterbore flange 36 is connected to the drying area 213 .

As a preferred embodiment of the microwave generator 31 , as shown in FIG. 9 , the microwave generator 31 is composed of a magnetron, mainly including a power supply 311 , a microwave tube 312 , a magnet 313 and a microwave output device 314 .

The discharge area 215 is provided with an outlet, which can be directly connected to the reactor 5, and is used to output the material to the reactor 5 for subsequent reaction; the reactor 5 can be a reactor for pyrolysis, combustion, or catalysis.

The operation process of the above-mentioned dry feeding device is described in detail below:

First start the screw drive unit, usually a motor, to drive the rotating shaft to rotate; the rotating shaft drives the screw blade and the agitator to rotate together, and at the same time start the microwave generator; the domestic waste materials are fed into the feeding system, and are evenly fed from the feeder with the help of the agitator. The material area enters the gap between the spiral tube and the spiral blade; being pushed by the pusher blade, the material gradually advances, passes through the sealing blade and the constant pressure blade in turn, and enters the drying area; the continuous microwave heating of the microwave heating system and the constant pressure blade Under the turning, the temperature of domestic waste rises sharply, the moisture content drops rapidly from 55% to 10%, and the material itself expands and loosens, and the temperature in the drying area is maintained at 200°C; the generated water vapor is guided by the negative pressure fan and under the action of its own expansion , quickly pass through the air-permeable partition, and are discharged from the water vapor guide system to reduce the pressure in the spiral tube; the harmful substances carried by the water vapor are further catalyzed and decomposed in the purification system and then emptied; and those that cannot pass through the air-permeable partition The dehydrated domestic waste materials are discharged from the discharge area under the push of the pusher blades and enter the reaction chamber for subsequent reactions.

The drying and feeding device provided by the above embodiments of the present invention has the advantages of fast drying rate, concentrated heating range, uniform heating, quick start and stop, easy control, high space utilization, energy saving and high efficiency, strong pressure resistance, and adaptability of raw materials and reactors. It can realize fast, efficient and safe dehydration of organic solid waste raw materials.

In the above description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientations or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "axial", "horizontal", "transverse", "inner", "outer" are Based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, it is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood To limit the present invention; the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features in the description of the present invention; The meanings of the terms "several" and "plurality" are two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

In the present invention, terms such as "installation", "connection", "connection", "communication", and "fixed" should be interpreted in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection or It is a detachable connection or an integral connection; it may be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it may be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediary, and it may be the internal communication of two components. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention according to specific situations.

For the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention, the common knowledge such as the specific structure and characteristics known in the scheme is not described too much; each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and the technical features involved in each embodiment are not related to each other. It can be combined with each other under the premise of constituting a conflict.

The above description is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, and these improvements and modifications can also be made. It should be considered as falling within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A dry feeding device, comprising a feeding system (1), a screw feeding system (2) and a microwave heating system (3), is characterized in that it also includes a water vapor guiding system (4), wherein: The screw feeding system (2) comprises a spiral tube (21), a rotating shaft (22), a screw drive unit (23) and a helical blade (24), and the spiral tube (21) is a hollow circular tube arranged horizontally; Said spiral pipe (21) is divided into successively connected feeding area (211), first sealing area (212), drying area (213), second sealing area (214) and discharge area (215) from one end to the other end. ); coaxially arranged in the spiral tube (21) from the described rotary shaft (22) through the feed zone (211) to the discharge zone (215); the rotary shaft (22) is formed by Driven by the screw driving unit (23), the continuous screw blades (24) are fixedly arranged with the rotating shaft (22) as an axis; The part in the discharge area (215) is set as a pushing blade (241) for pushing materials, and the part in the first sealing area (212) and the second sealing area (214) is set as The sealing blade (242) used to keep the seal is set as a constant pressure blade (243) for stirring materials in the part of the drying zone (213); the edge of the sealing blade (242) is provided with a (21) A sealing sheet (2421) attached to the inner wall; the constant pressure blade (243) is provided with a constant pressure hole (2431) as a water vapor channel; The outlet of the feeding system (1) is connected to the top of the feeding area (211) for inputting materials; The water vapor guide system (4) is connected to the top of the drying area (213) for discharging the water vapor generated by the materials in the drying area (213); the water vapor guide system (4) includes a box body (41 ), air-permeable baffle (42) and steam guide pipe (43); The drying area (213) can block the material in the drying area (213) and allow water vapor to pass through; the water vapor guiding pipe (43) is arranged on the top of the box (41) close to the discharge area ( 215) one end, used to discharge the water vapor in the box (41); Several microwave heating systems (3) are arranged axially along the spiral tube (21) on the side of the drying zone (213), and are used to emit microwaves to the materials in the drying zone (213); The discharge area (215) is provided with an outlet, which is used to output the material to the reactor for subsequent reaction. 2. The drying feeding device according to claim 1, characterized in that the temperature of the drying zone (213) is set at 100-200°C. 3. The dry feeding device according to claim 1, characterized in that the difference between the outer diameter of the spiral blade (24) and the inner diameter of the spiral tube (21) is no more than 2 mm. 4. The dry feeding device according to claim 1, characterized in that, the length of the first sealing area (212) and/or the second sealing area (214) is not less than the sealing blade (242) of pitch. 5. The dry feeding device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, the microwave heating system (3) comprises a microwave generator (31), a microwave guiding pipe (32), a flange connection pipe (33), thick ceramic sheet (34), sealing ring (35) and counterbore flange (36), wherein: The microwave generator (31) is used to generate microwaves; one end of the microwave guiding pipe (32) is connected to the microwave generator (31), and the other end is connected to the flange connection pipe (33); the flange connection The pipe (33) is sequentially connected to one end of the counterbore flange (36) through the thick ceramic sheet (34) and the sealing ring (35), and the other end of the counterbore flange (36) communicates with the drying area (213 ). 6. The dry feeding device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, the feeding system (1) comprises a hopper (11) with a larger inner diameter and a smaller inner diameter, and the inner diameter of the hopper (11) is A stirrer (12) is horizontally arranged, and the stirrer (12) is composed of a stirring shaft, a plurality of stirring paddles evenly distributed on the stirring shaft and a driving device.

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