Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a composite deep hole machining device and a machining method thereof, which can finish machining of composite deep holes by a single tool, have high machining efficiency and low machining cost, and can ensure that better machining quality is achieved.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:
scheme one
A composite deep hole machining device comprises a drill bit, wherein the drill bit comprises a cutter body, connecting threads are arranged at the rear part of the cutter body, radially distributed and mutually staggered mounting parts are arranged at the front end part of the cutter body, blades are mounted on the mounting parts, the blades comprise outer blades and central blades, the outer blades are used for deep hole drilling, flat bottom and chamfering, the central blades are used for deep hole drilling, the outer blades are hexagonal indexable blades, three edges of the outer blades are respectively positioned on the top surface of the mounting part, the front section of the outer side of the mounting part and the rear section of the outer side of the mounting part, edges of the top surface of the mounting part and edges of the front section of the outer side of the mounting part are respectively used for participating in cutting to form flat bottom and chamfering, and edges of the rear section of the outer side of the mounting part are used for guaranteeing sizing;
the cutter body is characterized in that the cutter blade is provided with chip breaking grooves, chip removing grooves are formed in the cutter body, the connecting part is hollow and communicated with the chip removing grooves, and the outer side face of the cutter body is provided with a plurality of guide blocks arranged along the axis of the cutter body.
Scheme II
A composite deep hole machining method adopts the composite deep hole machining device according to the scheme one to drill holes.
The working principle and the working principle of the invention have the advantages that the outer blade and the center blade are respectively arranged on the mounting part of the front end part of the cutter body, the two types of blades can respectively process different characteristics, the center blade bears deep hole drilling work, the outer blade finishes processing special composite characteristics such as flat bottom, chamfer and the like, the processing of various processing characteristics can be synchronously finished, the processing efficiency is higher, the outer blade can also assist the center blade to drill, and the better drilling quality can be ensured.
The two blades are combined and installed, so that the number of the cutters can be effectively reduced, the machining efficiency is improved, the machining cost is reduced, machining errors and positioning errors caused by repeated replacement of the adjusting cutters are reduced, and the machining quality of workpieces can be guaranteed. Particularly, the blade setting position in this scheme is special, can keep the three sword limit of outer blade to bear the compound characteristic processing and the maintenance of sizing of flat bottom and chamfer respectively, and the sword limit of center blade bears the drilling of hole, has reduced cutter quantity, but the characteristic processing still is directional accurate processing, and the characteristic processing fineness is high, can reach higher machining precision.
The chip breaking grooves can effectively control the shape and the chip removal direction of broken chips, and the chip removal grooves communicated with the hollow parts of the connecting parts can enable the drill cuttings to be removed from a part machining hole in time through cutting fluid when machining a composite deep hole, so that chip removal difficulty can be fundamentally solved, and the surface precision of the composite deep hole machining can be effectively improved.
Detailed Description
The following is a further detailed description of the embodiments:
The marks in the drawings of the specification comprise a cutter body 1, a first mounting part 2, a first cutter blade groove 21, an outer cutter blade 22, a second mounting part 3, a second cutter blade groove 31, a center cutter blade 32, a mounting hole 33, a chip breaking groove 34, a chip removing groove 4, a guide mounting groove 5, a guide block 6, a connecting thread 7 and a positioning table 71.
Example 1
The embodiment is basically as shown in figures 1,2 and 3, and the composite deep hole machining device comprises a drill bit, wherein the drill bit comprises a cutter body 1, and a connecting thread 7 is arranged at the rear part of the cutter body 1. Specifically, the cutter body 1 is further provided with a double positioning table 71, so that the whole position of the cutter can be better positioned in an auxiliary mode, and the connection precision is guaranteed. In this embodiment, the connecting screw 7 is a square screw.
In addition, the prefabricated composite deep hole in the embodiment means that the hole bottom surface comprises one or more characteristics of a flat bottom, a chamfer angle, an arc and the like, the hole depth and the hole diameter ratio L/d are more than or equal to 5, the surface roughness of the hole is easy to be less than the machining requirement due to unsmooth chip removal, the hole depth is large, drilling and tilting are easy to be carried out, the machining characteristics of the hole bottom surface are complex, and machining is difficult.
The end part of the cutter body 1 is provided with mounting parts which are distributed in the radial direction and staggered with each other, and the mounting parts are provided with blades, wherein the blades comprise an outer blade 22 and a center blade 32. Specifically, the mounting part comprises a first mounting part 2 and a second mounting part 3, and the first mounting part 2 and the second mounting part 3 divide the end part of the cutter body 1 into four parts approximately. And the first mounting part 2 is provided with a first blade groove 21 for mounting the outer blade 22, and the second mounting part 3 is provided with a second blade groove 31 for mounting the center blade 32. The first blade groove 21 is a groove with an opening on the top surface and a side surface, the opening is positioned on the top and the outer side surface of the first installation part 2, the second blade groove 31 is a groove with an opening on the top surface, and the opening is positioned on the top of the second installation part 3. The first and second insert pockets 21 and 31 are shaped and sized to fit the outer and center inserts 22 and 32, respectively.
As shown in fig. 4, the outer insert 22 is used for deep hole drilling, flat bottom and chamfering. As shown in FIG. 5, the center insert piece 32 is used for deep hole drilling, three edges of the outer insert piece 22 are respectively positioned on the top surface of the first mounting portion 2, the front section outside the first mounting portion 2 and the rear section outside the first mounting portion 2, edges positioned on the top surface of the first mounting portion 2 and edges positioned on the front section outside the first mounting portion 2 are respectively used for participating in cutting to form a flat bottom and a chamfer, edges positioned on the rear section outside the first mounting portion 2 are used for guaranteeing sizing, and the corresponding positions of the three edges are shown in FIG. 10.
The center insert piece 32 is a regular triangle indexable cutting insert with an offset angle, and one edge of the center insert piece 32 is positioned on the top surface of the second mounting portion 3 for participating in drilling processing.
The chip breakers 34 are arranged on the blades, the groove width of the chip breakers 34 on the outer blade 22 is 1.5-2.8 mm, and the groove depth of the chip breakers 34 on the outer blade 22 is 0.5-0.8 mm. The chip-breaker groove 34 in the center insert 32 has a groove width of 1.5-2.8 mm and the chip-breaker groove 34 in the center insert 32 has a groove depth of 0.4-0.6 mm. By the arrangement, the chip breaking grooves 34 are properly sized, the chip breaking shape and the chip breaking direction can be carefully guided and controlled, a better chip removal effect is achieved, and the usability of the inner chip removal type cutter is improved.
The inside of the cutter body 1 is provided with a chip groove 4, and the inside of the cutter body 1 is hollow and communicated with the chip groove 4. The outer side surface of the cutter body 1 is provided with a plurality of guide blocks 6 arranged along the axis of the cutter body 1, the center of each guide block 6 is provided with a connecting hole, the connecting holes are screw holes, and the guide blocks 6 can be locked in the guide mounting grooves 5 through screws and the like.
The cutter body 1 is provided with a plurality of guide mounting grooves 5 for mounting guide blocks 6, and the guide mounting grooves 5 comprise rectangular grooves and key grooves communicated with two ends of the rectangular grooves. Specifically, the guide blocks 6 include three groups, and the three groups of guide blocks 6 are uniformly distributed around the axis of the cutter body 1.
The center of the blade is provided with a mounting hole 33, and the first blade groove 21 and the second blade groove 31 are provided with different threaded holes matched with the mounting hole 33. Specifically, through the mounting hole 33 and the screw hole, the outer blade 22 and the center blade 32 may be firmly fixed in the first blade groove 21 and the second blade groove 31 with screws or the like to ensure reliable blade mounting.
The embodiment also provides a composite deep hole machining method, and the composite deep hole machining device is used for drilling holes. When the device is used, the cutter body 1 (i.e. the drill bit) is connected with a drill rod through the connecting screw thread 7, and the length of the drill rod corresponds to the depth of a hole so as to finish deep hole machining. The high-pressure cutting fluid is injected into a gap between the outer circle of the drill rod and the hole wall, so that chips generated during drilling by using the device can be discharged along with the cutting fluid through the chip removal hole and the central hole of the drill rod, and the chip removal smoothness can be effectively ensured. Meanwhile, in the processing process, the plurality of guide blocks 6 on the cutter body 1 can be guided accurately, and higher processing precision is further achieved in an auxiliary mode.
According to the composite deep hole machining device and the machining method thereof, the requirements of high quality and high efficiency of composite deep hole machining are fully considered, the problems that in the existing composite deep hole machining, the number of cutters is large, the cutters need to be replaced repeatedly, the machining efficiency is low, the machining cost is high, the machining quality of a workpiece is not easy to guarantee are solved, machining of the composite deep hole can be completed by adopting a single drill, repeated replacement of the cutters is not needed, and machining errors caused by cutter replacement do not exist.
In addition, in the scheme, the outer blade 22 and the center blade 32 are adopted for combined machining, the center blade 32 bears deep hole drilling, the outer blade 22 finishes machining special composite characteristics such as flat bottom and chamfer, and the three edges of the outer blade 22 respectively conduct machining of flat bottom and chamfer and sizing maintenance in a targeted manner, so that machining of various machining characteristics can be synchronously finished, higher machining efficiency is achieved, the whole aperture and the whole machining size can be naturally guaranteed to reach the standard through the outer blade 22, the machining quality is higher, the outer blade 22 can assist the center blade 32 in drilling, and better drilling quality can be guaranteed. In addition, the plurality of guide blocks 6 are arranged in the scheme, the arrangement positions of the guide blocks 6 are specially limited, the deflection of holes can be effectively prevented, the drilling precision and the smoothness are ensured, and the service life of the cutter is prolonged.
Example two
The composite deep hole processing apparatus is different from the first embodiment in that in this embodiment, the width of the chip breaker 34 on the outer blade 22 is 2.1mm, and the depth of the chip breaker 34 on the outer blade 22 is 0.65mm. The groove width of the chip breaker groove 34 on the center insert 32 is 2.2mm, and the groove depth of the chip breaker groove 34 on the center insert 32 is 0.5mm.
The size of the chip breaker groove 34 and the shape of the chip breaker groove 34 are more proper, the chip breaking performance and the chip removal performance are better, chips generated during drilling can be broken into short chips which are easier to discharge through the chip breaker groove 34, and the chip breaker groove 34 can guide the trend and the shape of the chips more accurately, so that the shape of the chips meets the processing requirement, the chip discharge is effectively guided, and unsmooth chip removal is avoided.
Example III
The composite deep hole machining device is different from the first embodiment in that in the present embodiment, two guide blocks 6 in the first set of guide blocks and the second set of guide blocks are spaced apart by a certain distance. And the guide blocks 6 close to the connecting screw threads 7 and the third group of guide blocks are positioned at the 1/2 position of the whole cutter body 1 and the connecting screw threads 7 (taking the axis of the connecting hole in the center of the guide block 6 as a reference).
The position arrangement of each guide block 6 is more proper in this embodiment, can reach comprehensive accurate guiding effect through the cooperation of three guide blocks 6, helps further promoting the direction precision, and then promotes machining precision.
The foregoing is merely an embodiment of the present application, and a specific structure and characteristics of common knowledge in the art, which are well known in the scheme, are not described herein, so that a person of ordinary skill in the art knows all the prior art in the application date or before the priority date, can know all the prior art in the field, and has the capability of applying the conventional experimental means before the date, and a person of ordinary skill in the art can complete and implement the present embodiment in combination with his own capability in the light of the present application, and some typical known structures or known methods should not be an obstacle for a person of ordinary skill in the art to implement the present application. It should be noted that modifications and improvements can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the structure of the present application, and these should also be considered as the scope of the present application, which does not affect the effect of the implementation of the present application and the utility of the patent.