CN116018975A - Dry cultivation method for elm seed - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a dry cultivation method of elm hammer seedlings, which comprises the following steps: step one, selecting and arranging a nursery land; step two, harvesting and storing the elm seeds; step three, accelerating germination and sowing of the elm seeds; step four, greenhouse weak light heat preservation and cultivation trunk: the sprouts are cultivated in a greenhouse at the temperature of 25-40 ℃, and the light shielding is used for creating a weak light environment, so that the water and fertilizer supply is ensured, and the cultivation trunks grow; step five, transplanting seedlings and promoting strengthening in fields; step six, binding and drying: fixing the trunk by using a supporting rod to assist the trunk to grow vertically; timely trimming the lateral branch growing plants caused by damaged terminal buds, selecting new branches, and culturing trunks; step seven, increasing water and fertilizer supply, and promoting the rapid growth of the elm seeds: irrigation is carried out by using a drip irrigation or flood irrigation mode, so that soil is kept moist; applying a base fertilizer by combining soil improvement in winter; urea and compound fertilizer are applied once every 10 days for 6-8 months of rapid growth. The method can cultivate the strong seedling of the ulmus pumila which has strong growth, obvious trunk and straight trunk and meets the requirement of precious material forestation.

Description

A kind of dry-type cultivation method of elm elm seedlings

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of tree seedling cultivation, and relates to a cultivation method, in particular to a dry type cultivation method of elm elm seedlings.

Background technique

Ulmus parvifolia Jacq, a large deciduous tree of the genus Ulmus L. in the family Ulmaceae, has a beautiful tree shape, rich leaf color, mottled bark, and high ornamental value. It can be used in landscaping and has medicinal properties. and industrial value, domestic elm resources are mostly used for bonsai production and greening decoration, and are directly excavated from the field. Coupled with urban development and agricultural production activities, the number of survival in the wild has dropped sharply, and protection, development and utilization are urgently needed. Foreign introductions are important germplasm resources for resistance to elm-Dutch disease in Ulmaceae. For example, in the 1940s, North America introduced Asian elms, mainly white elm (Ulmus pumila) and Ulmus pumila, to carry out disease-resistant breeding of Ulmus genus.

At the same time, elm is an important precious broad-leaved timber tree species in the central and eastern regions of my country. It has a wide distribution range, strong ecological adaptability, fast growth, and excellent materials. It is a high-quality material for making high-end furniture and interior decoration. In recent years, the research on Ulmus ultifolia in my country has mainly focused on the collection of germplasm resources and the research on seedling breeding technology. Lu Yunzhou et al. (2020) measured the seedling height and ground diameter of 20 grafted clones of Ulmus japonicus in Jiangsu area at the seedling stage. JD-08 has fast-growing potential and can provide afforestation materials for special forests; Chen Kaisen et al. (2015) carried out research on hardwood cuttings of Ulmus longifolia, and Zhou Jie et al. Rapid multiplication problem. Ulmus ulman has a strong ability to generate side branches and soft branches, which leads to problems such as bent stem shape, poor straightness, and low yield rate. Species and timber-oriented nursery stock cultivation techniques have resulted in no promotion and application of elm in timber forests, and the value of its precious timber has not been exploited.

Contents of the invention

The present invention provides a method for cultivating the stem type of Ulmus ulmi seedlings that meets the needs of timber forest afforestation, so as to solve the problem of the many branches and poor stem shape of the Ulmus mellow seedlings cultivated in the prior art, and the stem shape after afforestation is bent, poor straightness, and yield rate. No advanced question.

In order to achieve the above object, the invention provides a method for cultivating Ulmus elm seedlings dry type, which has the characteristics of comprising the following steps:

Step 1. Nursery site selection and arrangement: soil pH value is 6.0-7.8;

Step 2, collecting and storing the seeds of Ulmus chinensis: collecting the seeds of Ulmus chinensis when they mature in November, and then storing them for later use;

Step 3. Germination and sowing of elm seeds: Disinfect and soak the seeds of elm seeds in February, and then put them in wet sand for germination. In mid-March, the seeds of elm seeds are sown on the sand bed of the greenhouse after the seeds are white. The seeding rate is 23.0-37.5 kg//hm ² , and covered with plastic film to reduce soil moisture evaporation, after the seedlings break through the soil and grow true leaves, they are transplanted into containers;

Step 4. Greenhouse low-light heat preservation and cultivation of the trunk: the sprouts are cultivated in a greenhouse at 25-40°C, and the light is shaded to create a low-light environment to ensure the supply of water and fertilizer, and cultivate the growth of the trunk;

Step 5. Transplanting seedlings to the field to promote growth: From late August to early September, select container seedlings with straight trunks and no branches and transplant them to the field at a density of 20-25 plants/m ² , flood irrigation to keep the soil moist and promote stem thickening;

Step 6. Binding and supporting the trunk: From February to March of the following year, fix the main trunk with a support pole (bamboo pole or gardening binding pole) to assist the main trunk to grow upright; prune the side branch growth plants caused by the damage of the terminal buds in time, and select new ones. branches, cultivate the trunk;

Step 7. Increase the supply of water and fertilizer to promote the rapid growth of Ulmus elm seedlings: use drip irrigation or flood irrigation to keep the soil moist, and timely weeding; apply base fertilizer in combination with soil improvement in winter; during the rapid growth period from June to August, apply once every 10 days Urea and compound fertilizer, the fertilization amount is 400-500kg/hm ² , and the fertilization is uniform; spraying drugs to prevent and control diseases and insect pests.

Wherein, the implementation time of Step 1 and Step 2 does not correspond to the order of the steps, that is, Step 2 can be performed first and then Step 1 can be performed, and vice versa.

Further, the present invention provides a dry-type cultivation method of Ulmus chinensis seedlings, which may also have the following characteristics: wherein, in step 1, the selection conditions for the nursery site are: flat terrain, good irrigation and drainage conditions, fertile and deep soil The plain or sloping land; the finishing of the nursery is carried out in autumn and winter, and the soil is deeply plowed. The surface of the seedbed is required to be flat, and the soil particles are finely divided and loose.

Further, the present invention provides a dry-type cultivation method of Ulmus chinensis seedlings, which may also have the following characteristics: wherein, in step 1, wherein, in step 1, the depth of the seedbed is 25cm to 30cm, the direction of the seedbed is north-south, and the seedbed The height is 25cm-35cm, the width is 1.2m, and the length is 30m-50m.

Further, the present invention provides a method for cultivating the dry form of Ulmus japonicus seedlings, which may also have the following characteristics: wherein, in step 1, wherein, the specific method for collecting and storing Ulmus japonicus seeds in step 2 is as follows: select a tree whose age is greater than 10 years, and whose trunk Straight mother plants (excellent mother plants with strong growth) are collected, air-selected, dried in the shade, put into containers for open storage and stored at 4-10°C.

Further, the present invention provides a dry-type cultivation method of Ulmus chinensis seedlings, which may also have the following characteristics: wherein, in step 1, wherein, in step 3, the specific method for disinfecting and soaking the seeds of Ulmus chinensis is: first sterilize the seeds Wash and soak the seeds in cold water for 12 hours, the volume ratio of the seeds of Ulmus ulmanii to water is 1:3; soak in 0.3wt% potassium permanganate solution for 1 hour for disinfection, rinse with water, dry in the shade, and mix with carbendazim powder.

Further, the present invention provides a method for dry-type cultivation of Ulmus japonicus seedlings, which may also have the following characteristics: wherein, in step 1, wherein, in step 3, after sterilizing and soaking the seeds of Ulmus japonicus, use sand with a moisture content of 50% to mix Finally, put them in a greenhouse or a film shed for heat preservation and germination.

Further, the present invention provides a dry-type cultivation method of Ulmus chinensis seedlings, which may also have the following characteristics: wherein, in step 1, wherein, in step 4, the specific method for creating the low-light environment is: using 50%-70 % Shade Shade net shades the greenhouse.

Further, the present invention provides a dry-type cultivation method of Ulmus chinensis seedlings, which may also have the following characteristics: wherein, in step 1, wherein, in step 5, the transplanting specification of the Ulmus chinensis container seedlings is: seedling height 0.8～ 1.0m, the ground diameter is greater than 0.5cm, and the row spacing of planted plants is 0.2m×0.3cm; the frequency of flood irrigation is 1-2 times a week.

Further, the present invention provides a method for cultivating Ulmus elm seedlings dry type, which can also have such characteristics: wherein, in step one, wherein, in step six, the height of the support rod used in the first year is 1m, and the height of the support rod used in the second year is 1m. The height of the pole is 2.5m.

Further, the present invention provides a method for dry-type cultivation of Ulmus japonicus seedlings, which may also have the following characteristics: wherein, in step 1, wherein, in step 7, the frequency of irrigation is 3 to 10 times per month; the medicine for preventing and controlling pests and diseases includes controlling Drugs for leaf-eating pests and/or drugs for preventing and controlling aphids; drugs for preventing and controlling leaf-eating pests are 1000-1500 times of 2wt% emamectin benzoate microemulsion or 750-1000 times of 4.5wt% beta-cypermethrin EC Liquid, spray control; the drug for preventing and controlling aphids is 70% imidacloprid water dispersible granules 4000～5000 times liquid, spray control.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

The seedlings of Ulmus elm grow rapidly, with well-developed side branches, and the main trunk tends to grow sideways, with partial head and bending phenomenon. In addition, the branching ability is strong, and side branches can grow from the main trunk and side branch leaf axils, and the tree shape is loose. After afforestation, such seedlings will grow The resulting large trunk is curved, has poor straightness, and has a low yield rate, which is not suitable for afforestation of precious timber forests. The present invention aims at the above-mentioned problems of Ulmus ultifolia, and provides a dry-type cultivation method for elm elm seedlings, which uses low-light conditions in a greenhouse to cultivate one-year-old seedlings, so as to achieve the effect of straight trunks and no branches, and then transplants them into the field for cultivation, and finally realizes Cultivate strong seedlings of Ulmus ultifolia that meet the requirements for afforestation with precious materials.

Concretely, this method is especially by treating 1-year-old seedlings with low-light heat preservation (25-40°C greenhouse and shading to create a low-light environment), thereby achieving the excellent effect of inhibiting the growth of side branches and cultivating a single trunk; further, combined with transplanting After the field, artificial intervention to shape the plant type and water and fertilizer to control the growth rate and other methods have cultivated strong growth, obvious trunks, straight stems, and strong seedlings of Ulmus ulmis that meet the requirements for afforestation with precious materials, effectively avoiding the growth of Ulmus ulmis during the growth process. Because the main trunk is easy to grow sideways and the side branches grow more, the elm seedlings have problems such as head tilt, bending, loose tree shape, and poor straightness.

Compared with the common seedling raising method, the method of the invention has obvious and straight trunk, and the seedling height and ground diameter are significantly better than common seedlings.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the effect of 1-year-old elm seedlings after weak light treatment in the greenhouse (in mid-September);

Fig. 2 is the 2-year-old effect of transplanting field saplings and tying them up to cultivate the trunk of Ulmus ulman;

Fig. 3 is that the present invention's method cultivates 2-3 year's live Ulmus elm seedling implementation effect;

Fig. 4 is the characteristics of the Ulmus elm seedlings cultivated by common seedling cultivation;

Fig. 5 is the effect (preliminary test forest) of the timber forest 4 years after the field planting of the Ulmus chinensis seedlings cultivated by the method of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific examples.

This embodiment provides a dry type cultivation method for Ulmus ultifolia seedlings.

Planting materials: The seeds of Ulmus ultifolia were collected from the precious tree germplasm resource nursery of Jiangsu Academy of Forestry Sciences to plant excellent plants, and the sowing and seedling breeding was completed in the seedling breeding pilot base of Jiangsu Academy of Forestry Sciences (Jiangdu District, Yangzhou City).

The cultivation method comprises the steps of:

Step 1. Nursery site preparation: In December 2019, the soil of the nursery site was deeply plowed, the depth of rotary tillage was 30cm, and the seedbed was 50m long and 1.2m wide in a north-south direction. The terrain is flat, the soil is fertile and deep, the pH value is 7.2, and the irrigation and drainage conditions are good.

Step 2. Collection and storage of Ulmus ulmi seeds: After the seeds of Ulmus ulmis matured in November 2019, the seeds of Ulmus ulmis were collected, air-selected, dried in the shade, put into containers and stored in a cold storage at 4-10°C.

Step 3. Germination and sowing of Ulmus japonicum seeds: Take out the Ulmus japonicus seeds in February 2020, wash the seeds with clean water, soak in cold water for 12 hours, the volume ratio of seeds to water is 1:3, and use 0.3 Soak in wt% potassium permanganate solution for 1 hour for disinfection, rinse with clean water, dry in the shade, mix with carbendazim powder, and then put it into the wet sand in the germination pond for germination. The germination pond should be in a ventilated and cool place, and the height of the sand bed should be 30-50cm , mix the seeds and then cover the sand layer 4-5cm, keep the sand moist, and cover the plastic shed. After the seeds are white in mid-March, sow together with sand, the sowing rate is 23.0-37.5kg//hm ² , and cover with straw to reduce soil water evaporation. After the seedlings break through the soil, remove the straw; transplant the seedlings into containers (containers) after they grow true leaves. The size is 10cm×20cm, the substrate is 50% peat + 20% perlite + 20% garden soil + 10% organic fertilizer).

Step 4. Weak light heat preservation and cultivation: sprouts are cultivated in a greenhouse at 25-40°C, and shading nets with 70% shading are used to cover the greenhouse to create a weak light environment, ensure the supply of water and fertilizer, and cultivate the growth of the trunk. The specific method is: after 50 days of transplanting, when there are 4 to 5 true leaves, topdressing is started, and quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is applied once a month, and 75kg/ ^hm2 is applied each time; in July, compound fertilizer is applied, and the amount of fertilizer applied is 225kg/hm ² or so. The results of the survey in late August are shown in Table 1.

Table 1 Comparison of the morphology of Ulmus ultifolia seedlings under low-light heat preservation treatment and common field-raised seedlings

planting method Plant height (m) Ground diameter (cm) Number of branches (pieces) Ordinary seedling cultivation (without low-light heat preservation treatment) 0.4-0.6 0.3-0.8 5-10 The method of this embodiment 0.6-1.0 0.3-0.5 0-2

Step 5. Thinning and transplanting of seedlings: In August 2020, thinning and transplanting of seedlings will be carried out, and the density will be controlled at 20-25 plants/m ² .

Step 6. Pruning and tying to continue cultivating the main trunk: After the seedlings are thinned and planted, use bamboo poles or gardening tie rods to fix the main trunk during the rapid growth period (February-March 2021) to assist the main trunk to grow upright and prevent head tilting; Two prunings were carried out in July, mainly to re-raise the damaged pillars of the terminal buds and properly remove side branches, and artificially assist in cultivating the stem type.

Step 7. Promote seedlings: Use drip irrigation or flood irrigation, 3 to 10 times a month, keep the soil moist, and weed at the right time; combine soil improvement with 5 tons of decomposed sheep manure per mu in winter, and enter the rapid growth period (June-August 2021 month), apply urea and compound fertilizer once every 10 days, and the fertilization rate is 5kg urea+30kg compound fertilizer per mu; use 4.5wt% beta-cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate 750～1000 times liquid spray to control the elm moth every month.

The photographs of each stage of cultivating Ulmus japonicus seedlings by this method are shown in Figure 1-3, the ordinary seedling raising methods of Ulmus japonicus seedlings are shown in Figure 4, and the timber forest (preliminary test forest) cultivated by this method for planting Ulmus japonicus seedlings is shown in Figure 5 shown. Comparing the attached drawings, it can be seen that, compared with the common seedling raising method, the dry-type cultivation method of Ulmus chinensis seedlings has obvious and straight trunk, and the seedling height and ground diameter are significantly better than ordinary seedlings.

The specific data of the 2-year-old Ulmus ultifolia seedlings using different cultivation methods are shown in Table 2.

Table 2 Morphological comparison of 2-year-old Ulmus ultifolia seedlings in different cultivation methods

planting method Plant height (m) Ground diameter (cm) Branch height (m) Ordinary nursery 1.3-1.7 1.5-1.8 0.3-0.5 The method of this embodiment 2.4-3.0 2.5-3.0 1.6-2.0

As can be seen from Table 2, compared with the common seedling raising method, the seedling height, ground diameter and height under the branches of the Ulmus chinensis seedlings cultivated by this method are all more excellent.

Claims (10)

1. a method for cultivating dry elm seedlings, characterized in that: Including the following steps: Step 1. Nursery site selection and arrangement: soil pH value is 6.0-7.8; Step 2, collecting and storing the seeds of Ulmus chinensis: collecting the seeds of Ulmus chinensis when they mature in November, and then storing them for later use; Step 3. Germination and sowing of elm seeds: Disinfect and soak the seeds of elm seeds in February, and then put them in wet sand for germination. In mid-March, the seeds of elm seeds are sown on the sand bed of the greenhouse after the seeds are white. The seeding rate is 23.0-37.5 kg//hm ² , and covered with plastic film, after the seedlings break through the soil and grow true leaves, they are transplanted into containers; Step 4. Greenhouse low-light heat preservation and cultivation of the trunk: the sprouts are cultivated in a greenhouse at 25-40°C, and the light is shaded to create a low-light environment to ensure the supply of water and fertilizer, and cultivate the growth of the trunk; Step 5. Transplanting seedlings to the field to promote growth: From late August to early September, select container seedlings with straight trunks and no branches and transplant them to the field at a density of 20-25 plants/m ² , flood irrigation to keep the soil moist and promote stem thickening; Step 6. Binding and supporting the trunk: From February to March of the following year, fix the main trunk with a support rod to assist the main trunk to grow upright; prune the side branch growth plants caused by damage to the terminal buds in time, and select new branches to cultivate the main trunk; Step 7. Increase the supply of water and fertilizer to promote the rapid growth of Ulmus elm seedlings: use drip irrigation or flood irrigation to keep the soil moist, and timely weeding; apply base fertilizer in combination with soil improvement in winter; during the rapid growth period from June to August, apply once every 10 days Urea and compound fertilizer, the fertilization amount is 400-500kg/hm ² , and the fertilization is uniform; spraying drugs to prevent and control diseases and insect pests. 2. the method for cultivating the dry type of elm elm seedlings according to claim 1, is characterized in that: Wherein, in step 1, the selection conditions of the nursery land are: select plains or slopes with flat terrain, good irrigation and drainage conditions, fertile and deep soil; The finishing of the nursery is carried out in autumn and winter, and the soil is deeply plowed. The surface of the seedbed is required to be flat, and the soil particles are finely divided and loose. 3. the method for cultivating the dry type of Ulmus elm seedlings according to claim 1, is characterized in that: Wherein, in step 1, the depth of the seedbed is 25cm-30cm, the direction of the seedbed is north-south, the height of the seedbed is 25cm-35cm, the width is 1.2m, and the length is 30m-50m. 4. method for cultivating the dry type of Ulmus elm seedlings according to claim 1, is characterized in that: Among them, the specific method of collecting and storing the seeds of Ulmus ermanii in the step is: select the mother plant with a tree age of more than 10 years and straight trunks to collect, dry in the shade after winnowing, put it into a container and store it in an open-top storage at 4-10°C. 5. method for cultivating the dry type of Ulmus elm seedlings according to claim 1, is characterized in that: Wherein, in step 3, the specific method for disinfecting and soaking the seeds of Ulmus ultifolia is as follows: first wash the seeds and soak the seeds in cold water for 12 hours, the volume ratio of Ulmus ulmus seeds to water is 1:3; use 0.3wt% Soak in potassium permanganate solution for 1 hour for disinfection, rinse with water, dry in the shade, and mix with carbendazim powder. 6. the method for cultivating the dry type of Ulmus elm seedlings according to claim 1, is characterized in that: Wherein, in step 3, after sterilizing and soaking the elm seeds, mixing them with sand with a water content of 50%, they are placed in a greenhouse or a film shed for heat preservation and germination acceleration. 7. the method for cultivating the dry type of Ulmus elm seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: Wherein, in Step 4, the specific method for creating the low-light environment is: using a 50%-70% shading net to cover the greenhouse. 8. the method for cultivating the dry type of Ulmus elm seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: Wherein, in step 5, the transplanting specifications of the Ulmus ultifolia container seedlings are: seedling height 0.8-1.0m, ground diameter greater than 0.5cm, and the row spacing of planted plants is 0.2m×0.3cm; The frequency of flood irrigation is 1-2 times a week. 9. the method for cultivating the dry type of Ulmus elm seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: Wherein, in step 6, the height of the supporting rod used in the first year is 1m, and the height of the supporting rod used in the second year is 2.5m. 10. the method for cultivating the dry type of Ulmus elm seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: Wherein, in step seven, the irrigation frequency is 3 to 10 times per month; Pest control medicines include medicines against leaf-eating pests and/or medicines against aphids; The medicine for preventing and treating leaf-eating pests is 1000-1500 times liquid of 2wt% emamectin benzoate microemulsion or 750-1000 times liquid of 4.5wt% beta-cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate, which can be controlled by spraying; The drug for preventing and controlling aphids is 70% imidacloprid water dispersible granules with 4000-5000 times of liquid, which is controlled by spraying.

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