CN116002888A - Distributed domestic sewage integrated ecological treatment system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a distributed domestic sewage integrated ecological treatment system which comprises a vertical flow sedimentation tank, a vertical flow constructed wetland and an ultraviolet sterilizer; the side of the vertical flow sedimentation tank is provided with a central water inlet, the central water inlet is connected with a pipeline, the pipeline extends to the bottom of the vertical flow sedimentation tank, the bottom of the vertical flow sedimentation tank is provided with a mud discharging port, the upper end of the vertical flow sedimentation tank is provided with a serrated overflow weir, and the outside of the overflow weir is provided with a water collecting area; the vertical flow constructed wetland is positioned at the lower side of the water collecting area, the lower end of the vertical flow constructed wetland is provided with a first water outlet, the first water outlet is connected with the bottom of the ultraviolet sterilizer, and the position, close to the upper end, of the side surface of the ultraviolet sterilizer is provided with a second water outlet. The invention realizes the efficient purification of sewage through filtration, adsorption, coprecipitation, ion exchange, plant absorption and microbial decomposition, the treated water is discharged into natural water body after passing through an ultraviolet sterilizer, and the invention can be used for treating and dispersing small-flow domestic sewage, has stable effluent quality and low operation and maintenance cost.

Description

A decentralized domestic sewage integrated ecological treatment system

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection and relates to a domestic sewage treatment system, in particular to a decentralized integrated ecological treatment system for domestic sewage.

Background technique

The population of rural and townships in my country is relatively scattered, pollution sources are not easy to concentrate, and the spatial span is large, so it is difficult to unify the sewage collection pipe network. In addition, the amount of sewage in villages and towns is unstable, the water quality is complex, and the concentration of organic matter is low, which affects the growth and reproduction of microorganisms. It is difficult to maintain the traditional The sewage treatment facilities of the sewage plant are in normal operation. Attention should be paid to the research on the new sewage treatment process of distributed domestic sewage.

At present, decentralized sewage treatment has become a concept and method of domestic and foreign domestic sewage treatment. In the process of rural sewage treatment, how to learn from the successful experience of domestic and foreign decentralized domestic sewage treatment, apply the characteristics of decentralized sewage, combine local economic level, natural conditions, environmental objectives, and adopt appropriate treatment technology has become a difficult point.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a decentralized integrated ecological treatment system for domestic sewage in view of the characteristics of scattered distribution of domestic sewage in villages and towns and unstable water quality and quantity. The overall sewage treatment process of the system is simple, easy to implement, and low in implementation cost. The problems raised in the background art are solved.

The technical solution to the above technical problems is: a decentralized integrated ecological treatment system for domestic sewage, including a vertical flow sedimentation tank, a vertical flow artificial wetland and an ultraviolet sterilizer; There is a central water inlet, the central water inlet is connected with a pipeline, and the pipeline extends to the bottom of the vertical flow sedimentation tank, the bottom of the vertical flow sedimentation tank is provided with a mud discharge port, and the upper end of the vertical flow sedimentation tank is provided There is a zigzag overflow weir, and a catchment area is set outside the overflow weir; the vertical flow artificial wetland is located on the lower side of the water catchment area, and the bottom end of the vertical flow artificial wetland is provided with a first water outlet, and the first outlet The water outlet is connected with the bottom of the ultraviolet sterilizer, and the side of the ultraviolet sterilizer near the upper end is provided with a second water outlet.

A further technical solution of the present invention is: an isolation plate is provided in the middle of the vertical flow sedimentation tank, and water permeable holes are distributed on the isolation plate.

A further technical solution of the present invention is: the lower end of the vertical flow sedimentation tank is a funnel-shaped umbrella-shaped baffle, and the mud discharge port is arranged at the bottom of the umbrella-shaped baffle.

A further technical solution of the present invention is: the vertical flow artificial wetland is provided with a water distribution pipe extending in the horizontal direction near the upper side, and water outlet holes are distributed on the side of the water distribution pipe, and the water inlet of the water distribution pipe is located at the water collecting the lower side of the area.

The further technical solution of the present invention is: the vertical flow constructed wetland is provided with a filler layer, and the filler layer is successively a vermiculite filler layer, a nanometer zero-valent iron carbon filler layer, and a limestone filler layer from top to bottom; The particle size of the filler in the constructed wetland increases sequentially from top to bottom.

A further technical solution of the present invention is: aquatic plants are planted above the surface of the vertical flow constructed wetland, and the aquatic plants are one or more of calamus, reeds, cannas, water onions, and rushes.

A decentralized domestic sewage integrated ecological treatment system of the present invention has the following beneficial effects due to the adoption of the above scheme:

1. The process of domestic sewage treatment by the present invention is: a combination of vertical sedimentation tank, vertical flow artificial wetland and ultraviolet sterilizer. The vertical sedimentation tank is used to settle the sewage, and it is naturally exposed through the overflow weir catchment area. The air flows into the vertical flow constructed wetland, so that the microorganisms in the vertical flow constructed wetland can grow and reproduce in large numbers, and decompose the pollutants in an aerobic state. Enhance the nitrification and denitrification of microorganisms, and strengthen the nitrogen removal effect of microorganisms; at the same time, use the micro-electrolysis environment of nano-zero-valent iron carbon to strengthen the decomposition of organic matter, so that microorganisms can remove organic pollutants more effectively; and then use limestone packing layer to treat phosphate , the final effluent is disinfected and sterilized by a UV sterilizer, and the treated water quality can stably meet the first-class A standard of the "Pollutant Discharge Standards for Urban Sewage Treatment Plants" (GB18918-2002);

2. The height-to-diameter ratio of the vertical sedimentation tank of the present invention realizes high-efficiency suspended solids deposition, and the water collection area and oxygen drop are set to realize the natural oxygen enrichment of influent water;

3. The filler of the present invention increases sequentially from top to bottom along with the direction of water flow, which increases the smoothness of water flow, prevents matrix clogging, and enhances the stability of sewage purification. The main component of the matrix vermiculite is silicate, which has the property of volume expansion when hot and strong adsorption and ion exchange capabilities; the matrix nano-zero-valent iron carbon has strong reducibility and large surface area utilization, which can effectively transform various pollutants At the same time, anions such as nitrate and phosphate in sewage can be reduced, adsorbed and co-precipitated by nano-zero-valent iron carbon; matrix limestone rich in calcium carbonate can co-precipitate with phosphate; zeolite, vermiculite, nano-zero-valent iron carbon The combination with limestone can effectively enhance the removal of pollutants in sewage by constructed wetlands;

4. The vermiculite, nano-zero-valent iron-carbon, and limestone in the present invention can all be recycled and recycled. The overall process is simple, easy to implement, and low in cost. The planted aquatic plants can be harvested regularly to avoid secondary pollution and have certain environmental benefits. and economic benefits;

5. Adopting the ecological sewage treatment process of the present invention can flexibly respond to changes in the treatment load, and is an ecological sewage treatment that is more suitable for popularization and application in small towns in scattered rural areas in China.

In the following, the technical features of a decentralized domestic sewage integrated ecological treatment system of the present invention will be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a kind of decentralized domestic sewage integrated ecological treatment system of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the process flow diagram of the present invention's processing domestic sewage;

Explanation of reference numerals: 1-vertical flow sedimentation tank, 11-center water inlet, 12-pipeline, 13-isolation plate, 14-umbrella baffle, 15-drain outlet, 16-overflow weir, 17-set Water area, 2-vertical flow constructed wetland, 21-aquatic plants, 22-water distribution pipe, 23-vermiculite filler layer, 24-nanometer zero-valent iron carbon filler layer, 25-limestone filler layer, 26-first water outlet, 3-ultraviolet sterilizer, 31-the second water outlet.

Detailed ways

As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, a kind of decentralized domestic sewage integrated ecological treatment system of the present invention comprises a vertical flow sedimentation tank 1, a vertical flow artificial wetland 2 and an ultraviolet sterilizer 3, and the vertical flow artificial wetland 2 is set There is a packing layer, and the lower end of the vertical flow artificial wetland 2 is provided with a first water outlet 26, and the first water outlet 26 is connected to the bottom of the ultraviolet sterilizer 3, and the side of the ultraviolet sterilizer 3 is provided with a second outlet near the upper end. Water outlet 31, the outlet water of the vertical flow constructed wetland 2 is connected to the ultraviolet sterilizer 3, and the ultraviolet sterilizer 3 sterilizes the outlet water up to the standard, and then discharges it into the natural water body through the second outlet 31.

As shown in Figure 1, the side of the vertical flow sedimentation tank 1 is provided with a central water inlet 11 near the upper end, and the bottom of the vertical flow sedimentation tank 1 is provided with a mud outlet 15, and the vertical flow sedimentation tank 1 The lower end is a funnel-shaped umbrella-shaped baffle 14, and the mud discharge port 15 is arranged at the bottom of the umbrella-shaped baffle 14. The central water inlet 11 is connected to a pipeline 12, and the pipeline 12 extends to the bottom of the vertical flow sedimentation tank 1 The domestic sewage enters the vertical flow sedimentation tank 1 from the center water inlet 11 through the pipeline 12 from top to bottom, and the umbrella-shaped baffle 14 makes the domestic sewage evenly distributed in the pool and then rises slowly along the entire water section to the vertical flow sedimentation tank. At the upper end of the tank 1, the sediment in the domestic sewage is discharged from the mud outlet 15 after sedimentation at the bottom of the vertical flow sedimentation tank 1. In addition, the middle part of the vertical flow sedimentation tank 1 of the present invention is provided with an isolation plate 13, and water permeable holes are distributed on the isolation plate 13. By arranging the isolation plate 13, the sediment can be effectively prevented from being disturbed by the water flow and flowing upward.

The upper end of the vertical flow sedimentation tank 1 is provided with a zigzag overflow weir 16, the top of the overflow weir 16 is triangular zigzag, and the outside of the overflow weir 16 is provided with a catchment area 17, and the vertical flow artificial wetland 2 is located at On the lower side of the water collection area 17, a water distribution pipe 22 extending in the horizontal direction is provided at the upper side of the vertical flow constructed wetland 2, and water outlet holes are distributed on the side of the water distribution pipe 22, and the water inlet of the water distribution pipe 22 Located on the lower side of catchment area 17. The water emerging from the upper end of the vertical flow sedimentation tank 1 flows through the overflow weir 16 to the peripheral catchment area 16 and falls to the vertical flow artificial wetland 2. The water flow is aerated by oxygen drop during the falling process, and then dispersed by the water distribution pipe 22 Flow into the fill layer of the vertical flow constructed wetland 2.

The filler layers of the vertical flow constructed wetland 2 are vermiculite filler layer 23, nanometer zero-valent iron carbon filler layer 24, and limestone filler layer 25 from top to bottom, and the fillers of the vertical flow constructed wetland 2 follow the water flow direction from top to bottom. The lower particle size increases sequentially, and such setting can increase the smoothness of water flow, prevent matrix clogging, and enhance the stability of sewage purification. In this embodiment, the particle size of the vermiculite filler is 4 ~ 8mm, and the nanometer zero-valent iron carbon filler The particle size of the limestone filler is 1~1.5cm, and the particle size of the limestone filler is 1~2cm; meanwhile, the vertical flow constructed wetland 2 of the present invention is planted with aquatic plants 21 above the ground, and the aquatic plants 21 are iris, reed, canna, water One or more of shallots and rushes. In this example, the aquatic plants 21 planted above the vertical flow constructed wetland 2 are iris, and the plant density is 15-30 plants/㎡.

The process of sewage treatment in the present invention includes: the sewage is settled through the vertical flow sedimentation tank 1, and the large particles of sand and suspended matter are precipitated, and the sewage settled in the vertical flow sedimentation tank 1 is aerated and then enters the vertical flow artificial wetland 2 Carry out further treatment, that is: the sewage after aeration passes through the vermiculite matrix in the upper vermiculite filler layer 23, the pollutants are physically adsorbed, and the roots of the aquatic plants 21 transmit oxygen, and the microorganisms undergo nitrification to remove ammonia nitrogen; then The sewage passes through the nano-zero-valent iron-carbon filler layer 24, and the micro-electrolysis environment of the nano-zero-valent iron-carbon causes the pollutants to be decomposed by redox, and the biodegradability of the sewage is improved, which is beneficial to the removal of pollutants; then the sewage passes through the lower limestone filler layer 25. Pollutants are further physically adsorbed by limestone. Limestone is rich in calcium carbonate. Phosphate is further removed through filler replacement, precipitation and microbial action; sewage flows through the artificial wetland filled with filler matrix, and the microorganisms growing on the filler matrix Full contact, using the physical, chemical and biological triple coordination of the matrix-microbe-plant complex ecosystem, to achieve efficient purification of sewage through filtration, adsorption, co-precipitation, ion exchange, plant absorption and microbial decomposition, the pollution in sewage The substances are adsorbed and degraded by microorganisms, and the treated effluent is sterilized by the ultraviolet sterilizer and then discharged into the natural water body.

A decentralized domestic sewage integrated ecological treatment system of the present invention is applicable to the treatment of dispersed small-flow domestic sewage, can effectively remove nitrogen and phosphorus content in sewage, and has stable effluent quality, and integrates vertical sedimentation tanks and vertical flow constructed wetlands The design can greatly reduce the concentration of SS in the constructed wetland water and prevent the clogging of the constructed wetland system; at the same time, it can be flexibly combined with solar green energy, with simple operation and low operation and maintenance costs.

After a period of operation of the present invention, the result proves that the treatment effect of the distributed domestic sewage integrated ecological treatment system on COD, ammonia nitrogen and TP in sewage can reach the "Urban Sewage Treatment Plant Pollutant Discharge Standard" (GB 18918-2002) Tier 1 A emission standard. The water quality of this embodiment is tested with reference to the "Water and Wastewater Detection and Analysis Method" issued by the National Environmental Protection Agency. CODCr is measured by "Potassium Dichromate Method for Determination of Chemical Oxygen Demand in Water Quality" (HJ828-2017); NH3+-N is determined by "Nassler Reagent Colorimetric Method for Determination of Ammonia Nitrogen in Water Quality" (HJ353-2009); TP is determined by "Water Quality Determination of total phosphorus Ammonium molybdate spectrophotometry" (GB11893-89) determination.

The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention. The structure of the present invention is not limited to the forms listed in the above embodiments. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A distributed domestic sewage integrated ecological treatment system comprises a vertical flow sedimentation tank (1), a vertical flow constructed wetland (2) and an ultraviolet sterilizer (3); the method is characterized in that: a central water inlet (11) is formed in the position, close to the upper end, of the side surface of the vertical flow sedimentation tank (1), the central water inlet (11) is connected with a pipeline (12), the pipeline (12) extends to the position, close to the bottom, of the vertical flow sedimentation tank (1), a mud discharging opening (15) is formed in the bottom of the vertical flow sedimentation tank (1), a serrated overflow weir (16) is formed in the upper end of the vertical flow sedimentation tank (1), and a water collecting area (17) is formed outside the overflow weir (16); the vertical flow constructed wetland (2) is positioned at the lower side of the water collecting area (17), a first water outlet (26) is formed in the lower end of the vertical flow constructed wetland (2), the first water outlet (26) is connected with the bottom of the ultraviolet sterilizer (3), and a second water outlet (31) is formed in the position, close to the upper end, of the side surface of the ultraviolet sterilizer (3).

2. A decentralized domestic sewage integrated ecological treatment system according to claim 1, wherein: the middle part of vertical flow sedimentation tank (1) is equipped with division board (13), be distributed on division board (13) and have the hole of permeating water.

3. A decentralized domestic sewage integrated ecological treatment system according to claim 1, wherein: the lower end of the vertical flow sedimentation tank (1) is provided with a funnel-shaped umbrella-shaped baffle (14), and a mud discharging opening (15) is arranged at the bottom of the umbrella-shaped baffle (14).

4. A decentralized domestic sewage integrated ecological treatment system according to claim 1, wherein: the vertical flow constructed wetland (2) is provided with a water distribution pipe (22) extending along the horizontal direction at the position close to the upper side, water outlets are distributed on the side surface of the water distribution pipe (22), and a water inlet of the water distribution pipe (22) is positioned at the lower side of the water collecting area (17).

5. A decentralized domestic sewage integrated ecological treatment system according to claim 1, wherein: the vertical flow constructed wetland (2) is provided with a packing layer, and the packing layer is sequentially provided with a vermiculite packing layer (23), a nano zero-valent iron carbon packing layer (24) and a limestone packing layer (25) from top to bottom.

6. The integrated decentralized domestic sewage treatment system according to claim 5, wherein: the particle size of the filler of the vertical flow constructed wetland (2) is sequentially increased from top to bottom.

7. A decentralized domestic sewage integrated ecological treatment system according to claim 1, wherein: an aquatic plant (21) is planted above the ground surface of the vertical flow constructed wetland (2), and the aquatic plant (21) is one or more of rhizoma acori graminei, reed, canna, allium fistulosum and rush.

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