CN115971809A - A processing method and slotting tool for a figure-eight oil groove of a metal bushing - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a processing method of a splayed oil groove of a metal shaft sleeve and a slotting cutter, which relate to the technical field of machining and comprise the following steps: (1) cutting into segments; (2) roughly processing the inner and outer diameters of a first surface of a metal shaft sleeve blank; (3) roughly machining the inner and outer diameters of a second surface of the metal shaft sleeve blank; (4) processing the splayed oil groove and removing burrs; (5) reversing the slotting cutter along the circular arc track; (6) quenching; (7) finishing the quenched metal shaft sleeve blank; (8) And (5) performing finish machining on the outer diameter of the metal shaft sleeve blank, and performing rust prevention and packaging. According to the invention, when the oil groove is machined, the burr at the edge of the oil groove is removed by using the deburring part on the slotting cutter, so that the machining cost is reduced, when the direction of the oil groove is switched to two ends of the metal shaft sleeve, the slotting cutter is enabled to carry out cutting operation along an arc track by rotating the cutter head, the machined splayed oil groove with abnormal finish and shape caused by direct direction change is avoided, and the loss to a machine tool is reduced.

Description

A processing method and slotting tool for a figure-eight oil groove of a metal bushing

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of mechanical processing, in particular to a method for processing a splayed oil groove of a metal shaft sleeve and a slotting tool.

Background technique

The connection between the moving parts in the mechanical structure will use the metal bushing, the metal bushing will wear and damage the shaft during long-term use, so in order to make the metal bushing and the shaft fit better , It is necessary to open an oil groove on the inner surface of the metal bushing to achieve the purpose of lubricating and storing lubricating oil, so as to prevent the phenomenon of increased wear and even damage between the metal bushing and the shaft due to lack of oil.

There are eight-character oil grooves in the inner holes of many shaft sleeve parts in China. The oil groove type is "8" or double "8". Shaft sleeve parts are generally processed by ordinary lathes or CNC lathes. For those with large lengths, when processing the eight-character oil groove in the inner hole of the parts, the processing is difficult and the efficiency is very low, especially the loss of the machine tool is very serious and the cost is high. , The processed oil groove has burrs, and secondary processing is required to remove the burrs, so the above processing method still has great defects.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above problems, and develops a processing method and a slotting tool for the eight-shaped oil groove of the metal bushing. The specially designed slotting tool is used to process the eight-shaped oil groove, which not only has high efficiency, but also can process the oil groove at the same time. Simultaneous deburring.

To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is a method for processing a splayed oil groove of a metal bushing, comprising the following steps:

S1. Cut the raw material pipe into appropriate lengths to obtain metal bushing blanks, and the dimensional tolerance is controlled within ±0.5mm;

S2. Roughly machining the inner and outer diameters of the first surface of the metal bushing blank, and the machining length is half of the total length;

S3. Roughly machining the inner and outer diameters of the second surface of the metal bushing blank, and roughing the remaining half of the inner and outer diameters;

S4. Fix the metal bushing on a numerically controlled lathe, drive the metal bushing blank to rotate, and control the slotting tool to travel straight along the axial direction inside the metal bushing blank, wherein the slotting tool has cutting part and the deburring part connected with the cutting part, the cutting part travels close to the inner wall of the metal bushing blank to form a figure-eight oil groove prototype, and the deburring part is along the edge of the figure-eight oil groove prototype and clings to the Remove the burr at the edge of the oil groove by moving the inner wall of the metal bushing blank;

S5. When the slotting tool moves to the two ends of the metal bushing blank, change the movement angle of the slotting tool so that it makes an arc-shaped track conversion along the inner wall of the metal bushing blank, thereby Reversely process the axial direction of the metal bushing blank, and form arc-shaped grooves at both ends of the metal bushing blank until a shaped eight-character oil groove is formed;

S6. Quenching treatment is carried out on the metal shaft sleeve blank processed to form the eight-character oil groove;

S7. The eight-character oil groove on the inner side of the quenched metal bushing blank is finished with a high-hardness blade, and the R angle of the blade is 40-45°;

S8. Finishing the outer diameter of the metal shaft sleeve blank, and then performing anti-rust treatment to finally obtain the metal shaft sleeve.

Preferably, in steps S4 and S5, the encoder is used to detect the change of the angular deflection of the grooving tool in real time, and when it is detected that the linear travel angle of the grooving tool changes, output information to the numerical control system to adjust the spindle of the lathe The running speed of the gear in the box is thus adjusted to the advancing angle of the grooving tool.

Preferably, in step S5, when the grooving cutter moves to the middle position of the arc-shaped groove, the grooving cutter cooperates with the end of the metal sleeve blank to cut off waste.

Preferably, the grooving cutter includes a body part, at least one cutting part and at least one deburring part, a positioning hole is opened in the middle of the body part, and the body part has at least one side, and along the The side of the part extends outwards to form the cutting part and the deburring part;

Preferably, the cutting part has a polygonal structure, and the cross-sectional shape of the cutting part is adapted to the cross-sectional shape of the eight-character oil groove, and the cutting part and the deburring part are connected end to end, and the cutting part and the A transition arc surface is provided between the deburring part and the main body, so that the cutting part and the deburring part and the main body are distributed in steps.

Preferably, the cutting part has at least three blade parts, including a first blade part, a second blade part and a third blade part, and the first blade part, the second blade part and the third blade part are connected head to tail in sequence The connection forms a polygonal structure, the deburring portion is connected to the third blade portion, and both the second blade portion and the deburring portion are parallel to the side surfaces of the main body portion.

Preferably, there are three cutting parts and three deburring parts respectively, and the three cutting parts and the three deburring parts are distributed in an annular array relative to the positioning hole.

The present invention also provides a method for processing a splayed oil groove of a metal bushing and a slotting tool, wherein the slotting tool includes a body part, at least one cutting part and at least one deburring part, and a positioning hole is provided in the middle of the body part. A hole, and the body part has at least one side, and extends outward along the side of the body part to form the cutting part and the deburring part;

The cutting part is a polygonal structure, and the cross-sectional shape of the cutting part is adapted to the cross-sectional shape of the eight-character oil groove, and the cutting part and the deburring part are connected end to end, and the cutting part and the deburring part A transition arc surface is provided between the burr portion and the body portion, so that the cutting portion and the deburring portion are distributed in steps between the body portion.

Preferably, the cutting part has at least three blade parts, including a first blade part, a second blade part and a third blade part, and the first blade part, the second blade part and the third blade part are connected head to tail in sequence The connection forms a polygonal structure, the deburring part is connected end to end with the third blade part, and both the second blade part and the deburring part are parallel to the side surfaces of the main body part.

Preferably, there are three cutting parts and three deburring parts respectively, and the three cutting parts and the three deburring parts are distributed in an annular array relative to the positioning hole.

Compared with the prior art, its beneficial effects are:

In the present invention, the metal bushing can store lubricating oil by setting the eight-character oil groove, prevent the lubricating oil from losing from the shaft end, and improve the lubricating effect. High performance, while processing the oil groove, remove the burr on the edge of the oil groove through the deburring part on the slotting tool, without the need for secondary processing to remove the burr, thereby reducing the processing cost. The grooving tool performs the cutting operation of the arc-shaped trajectory, avoiding the direct change of the direction, which will cause the processed eight-character oil groove to have abnormal smoothness and shape, and reduce the loss of the machine tool.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the vertical section structure of the closed inner eight-character oil tank on the inner side of the metal bushing;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the cross-section structure of the closed inner eight-character oil tank inside the metal bushing;

Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a figure-eight oil tank;

Fig. 4 is the structural representation of slotting cutter among the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a structural view of the arc-shaped groove at the end of the metal bushing in the present invention.

Among the figure, 1, slotting tool; 11, body portion; 111, positioning hole; 12, cutting portion; 121, first blade portion; 122, second blade portion; 123, third blade portion; 13, deburring portion ; 13. Transition arc surface; 2. Arc groove.

Detailed ways

The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

As shown in Figure 1, the embodiment of the present invention proposes a processing method and a slotting tool for a splayed oil groove of a metal bushing, as shown in Figure 4, wherein the slotting tool 1 includes a body part 11, at least one cutting part 12 and at least one deburring part 13. During the slotting operation, the cutting part 12 is cut along the inside of the metal bushing blank to form a figure-eight oil groove. While slotting, the deburring part 13 will travel along the edge of the oil groove to remove the edge of the oil groove glitches.

In this embodiment, the number of cutting parts 12 and deburring parts 13 is preferably three, so that when the slotting tool 1 is damaged during the slotting operation, it can quickly switch to other intact cutting parts 12 and deburring parts 13 to continue working.

A positioning hole 111 is provided in the middle of the body part 11 for installing and fixing the slotting tool 1, and the body part 11 has at least one side (the specific number of sides is consistent with the number of the cutting part 12 and the deburring part 13), and The cutting part 12 and the deburring part 13 extending outward along the side of the main body part 11, wherein the cutting part 12 is a polygonal structure, it has at least three blade parts, including the first blade part 121, the second blade part 122 and The third blade portion 123, wherein the first blade portion 121, the second blade portion 122 and the third blade portion 123 are sequentially connected end to end to form a polygonal structure, so that the overall cross-sectional shape of the cutting portion 12 matches the cross-sectional shape of the eight-character oil groove, The overall cross-sectional shape of the cutting part 12 is trapezoidal, and the deburring part 13 is connected end to end with the third blade part 123 , wherein the second blade part 122 and the deburring part 13 are parallel to the side of the main body part 11 .

Between the cutting part 12 and the deburring part 13 and the main body part 11, a transition arc surface 13 is provided, so that the cutting part 12, the deburring part 13 and the main body part 11 are distributed in a step shape, and the transition arc surface 13 It has a special function. When the slotting tool 1 is processing the eight-character oil groove, the waste chips cut out will automatically break when they reach the transitional arc surface 13 and form granular or small circles, which can effectively avoid the entanglement of the workpiece and the tool due to long chips. risk of damage.

The slotting tool 11 mainly includes two parts: a body part 1111 and a cutting part 1212, wherein a positioning hole 11111 is provided in the middle of the body part 1111 for installing and fixing the slotting tool 11, and the body part 1111 has at least one side, and along the The side of the body part 1111 extends outwards to form a cutting part 1212, and the connection between the cutting part 1212 and the body part 1111 is rounded to form an arc surface 13. The arc surface 13 has a special function. During the process of the eight-character oil groove, the cut waste chips will automatically break when reaching the arc surface 13 to form particles or small circles, which can effectively avoid the risk of damage to the workpiece and the tool due to the entanglement of long chips.

The metal bushing with a total length of 100mm and an inner diameter of 50mm is used as an illustration below. Using the slotting tool 11 to process the eight-character oil groove of the metal bushing, the shape of the eight-character oil groove processed is shown in Figures 1-2. The shape of the oil groove The cross-sectional shape is shown in Figure 3. The processing method of the eight-character oil groove of the metal bushing mainly includes the following steps:

S1. Firstly, the raw material pipe is cut into sections of appropriate length by the material cutting machine to obtain the metal bushing blank. The dimensional tolerance is controlled within ±0.5mm. The burrs cannot be turned out during cutting, and the cutting burrs are controlled to be turned over the metal bushing blank. In the inner hole, prevent from affecting the processing of the following process;

S2. Roughly machine the inner and outer diameters of the first surface of the metal bushing blank, and the machining length is half of the total length, which provides a machining reference for the next process. At the same time, it is used with the automatic loading and unloading of the mechanical arm. After the equipment is debugged, it can continue to process. The working surface of the mechanical arm is changed manually. If there are 100 pieces of materials on the working surface, it is only necessary to replace the processed materials in order. New materials can be added;

S3. Roughly machine the inner and outer diameters of the second surface of the metal bushing blank, and roughen the remaining half of the inner and outer diameters, and use the mechanical arm to automatically load and unload;

S4. Fix the metal bushing blank on the CNC lathe through the fixture, then drive the metal bushing blank to rotate, and control the slotting tool 1 to travel straight along the axial direction inside the metal bushing blank, wherein the cutting of the slotting tool 1 The part 12 moves close to the inner wall of the metal bushing blank to form the prototype of the eight-character oil groove. The deburring part 13 moves along the edge of the eight-character oil groove prototype and close to the inner wall of the metal bushing blank to remove the burrs at the edge of the oil groove. During processing, it passes through the encoder. Real-time detection of the change of the angle deflection of the slotting tool 1, when it is detected that the straight-line travel angle of the slotting tool 1 changes, the information is output to the numerical control system to adjust the running speed of the gear in the headstock of the lathe to adjust the travel angle of the slotting tool 1 make adjustments;

S5. When the slotting tool 1 moves to the two ends of the metal bushing blank, the movement angle of the slotting tool 1 is changed, so that it makes a circular arc-shaped track conversion along the inner wall of the metal bushing blank, thereby moving along the metal bushing The axial direction of the blank is reversed, and arc-shaped grooves 2 are formed on both ends of the metal bushing blank (refer to Figure 5), until a formed eight-character oil groove is formed;

When the slotting tool 1 moves to the middle position of the arc-shaped groove 2, the slotting tool 1 cooperates with the end of the metal bushing blank to cut off the waste, avoiding the occurrence of long strips of waste, which will affect the subsequent processing, and During the machining process, the encoder will also be used to detect the change of the angular deflection of the slotting tool 1 in real time. When the linear travel angle of the slotting tool 1 is detected to change, the information will be output to the CNC system to adjust the gear in the headstock of the lathe. The running speed is adjusted to adjust the advancing angle of the slotting tool 1;

S6. Quenching treatment is carried out on the metal shaft sleeve blank processed to form the eight-character oil groove. The quenching medium is generally oil, so as to improve the hardness of the eight-character oil groove inside the metal shaft sleeve, so that the hardness meets the use requirements;

S7. The splayed oil groove on the inner side of the quenched metal bushing blank is finished with a high-hardness blade. Because the inner hole of the product is long and has high hardness and intermittent cutting, there are certain requirements for the R angle of the blade. The R angle of the blade is preferably at 40-45°, if the R angle is too large, it will not cut and will easily cause knife vibration. If the R angle is too small, the blade edge will easily collapse. Choose the appropriate R angle blade for processing according to the rigidity of the machine tool and the tool holder. At the same time, the metal bushing blank is fixed by the fully-enclosed jaws to prevent the roundness of the machined NG due to the deformation of the clamp;

S8. Fix the metal bushing blank by tooling, and finish the outer diameter of the metal bushing blank. Here, the metal bushing blank will be fixed by the inner support full contact tooling to ensure the roundness and concentricity of the metal bushing. , and then carry out anti-rust treatment on the processed metal bushings, and finally get the metal bushings, and pack each metal bushing individually with anti-collision net.

The depth and shape of the processed eight-character oil groove are determined by the shapes formed by the first blade portion 121, the second blade portion 122, and the third blade portion 123 in the slotting tool 11. For oil grooves of different sizes and shapes, it can be Change to the slotting tool 1 of different size and different R angle for processing. If the blade on the slotting tool 1 is damaged during the processing, just change the angle, switch to the other side of the slotting tool 1, and use the other two The edge of the surface continues to be processed, thereby improving the processing efficiency.

The above-mentioned technical solutions only reflect the preferred technical solutions of the technical solutions of the present invention, and some changes that those skilled in the art may make to certain parts reflect the principles of the present invention and fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A processing method of a figure-eight oil groove of a metal bushing, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: S1. Cut the raw material pipe into appropriate lengths to obtain metal bushing blanks, and the dimensional tolerance is controlled within ±0.5mm; S2. Roughly machining the inner and outer diameters of the first surface of the metal bushing blank, and the machining length is half of the total length; S3. Roughly machining the inner and outer diameters of the second surface of the metal bushing blank, and roughing the remaining half of the inner and outer diameters; S4. Fix the metal bushing on a numerical control lathe, drive the metal bushing blank to rotate, and control the slotting tool (1) to travel straight along the axial direction inside the metal bushing blank, wherein the slotting The cutter (1) has a cutting part (12) and a deburring part (13) connected with the cutting part (12), and the cutting part (12) travels close to the inner wall of the metal bushing blank to form a figure-eight oil groove The prototype, the deburring part (13) moves along the edge of the eight-character oil groove prototype and close to the inner wall of the metal bushing blank to remove the burrs at the edge of the oil groove; S5. When the slotting tool (1) moves to both ends of the metal bushing blank, change the movement angle of the slotting tool (1) so that it forms an arc along the inner wall of the metal bushing blank The conversion of the trajectory, thereby reversely machining along the axial direction of the metal bushing blank, and forming arc-shaped grooves (2) at both ends of the metal bushing blank until forming a shaped eight-character oil groove; S6. Quenching treatment is carried out on the metal shaft sleeve blank processed to form the eight-character oil groove; S7. The eight-character oil groove on the inner side of the quenched metal bushing blank is finished with a high-hardness blade, and the R angle of the blade is 40-45°; S8. Finishing the outer diameter of the metal shaft sleeve blank, and then performing anti-rust treatment to finally obtain the metal shaft sleeve. 2. The method for processing the eight-character oil groove of a metal bushing according to claim 1, characterized in that, in steps S4 and S5, the encoder detects in real time the variation of the angular deflection of the grooving tool (1) , when it is detected that the linear travel angle of the slotting tool (1) changes, output information to the numerical control system to adjust the running speed of the inner gear of the headstock of the lathe to adjust the travel angle of the slotting tool (1). 3. The method for processing a splayed oil groove of a metal bushing according to claim 1, characterized in that, in step S5, the grooving tool (1) moves to the center of the arc-shaped groove (2). In the middle position, the grooving cutter (1) cooperates with the end of the metal bushing blank to cut off waste. 4. The processing method of a figure-eight oil groove of a metal bushing according to claim 1, characterized in that, the grooving tool (1) comprises a body part (11), at least one cutting part (12) and at least one In the deburring part (13), a positioning hole (111) is opened in the middle of the body part (11), and the body part (11) has at least one side, and faces along the side of the body part (11). The outer extension forms the cutting part (12) and the deburring part (13); The cutting part (12) is a polygonal structure, and the cross-sectional shape of the cutting part (12) is adapted to the cross-sectional shape of the eight-character oil groove, and the gap between the cutting part (12) and the deburring part (13) connected end to end, and a transition arc surface (13) is provided between the cutting part (12) and the deburring part (13) and the body part (11), so that the cutting part (12) and The deburring part (13) and the body part (11) are distributed in a step shape. 5. The processing method of a figure-eight oil groove of a metal bushing according to claim 4, characterized in that, the cutting portion (12) has at least three cutting edge portions, including a first cutting edge portion (121), a second cutting edge portion The blade portion (122) and the third blade portion (123), and the first blade portion (121), the second blade portion (122) and the third blade portion (123) are sequentially connected end to end to form a polygonal structure, the The deburring part (13) is connected to the third blade part (123), and the second blade part (122) and the deburring part (13) are both parallel to the side of the body part (11) . 6. the processing method of the eight-character oil groove of a kind of metal bushing according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described cutting part (12) and described deburring are respectively provided with three, and three described cutting parts (12) 12) and the three deburring parts (13) are distributed in an annular array relative to the positioning hole (111). 7. A grooving cutter (1) for processing a figure-eight oil groove on a metal bushing, characterized in that the grooving cutter (1) includes a body part (11), at least one cutting part (12) and at least one In the deburring part (13), a positioning hole (111) is opened in the middle of the body part (11), and the body part (11) has at least one side, and faces along the side of the body part (11). The outer extension forms the cutting part (12) and the deburring part (13); The cutting part (12) is a polygonal structure, and the cross-sectional shape of the cutting part (12) is adapted to the cross-sectional shape of the eight-character oil groove, and the gap between the cutting part (12) and the deburring part (13) connected end to end, and a transition arc surface (13) is provided between the cutting part (12) and the deburring part (13) and the body part (11), so that the cutting part (12) and The deburring part (13) and the body part (11) are distributed in a step shape. 8. A kind of grooving tool for processing metal bushings according to claim 7, wherein said cutting portion (12) has at least three cutting edge portions, including a first cutting edge portion (121 ), the second blade portion (122) and the third blade portion (123), and the first blade portion (121), the second blade portion (122) and the third blade portion (123) are connected end to end in turn to form a polygon structure, the deburring part (13) is connected end to end with the third blade part (123), and the second blade part (122) and the deburring part (13) are both connected to the body part (11 ) are parallel to each other. 9. A slotting cutter for processing a figure-eight oil groove on a metal bushing according to claim 7, characterized in that there are three cutting parts (12) and three deburring parts respectively, and the three The cutting part (12) and the three deburring parts (13) are distributed in an annular array relative to the positioning hole (111).

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