CN115961995A - A protective structure for coal mine safety - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a protective structure for coal mine safety, which comprises a fixed plate and a column, and the two ends of the column are installed at the center of the lower surface of the fixed plate, and also includes a top plate, a pressure top plate, and several adjustment seats. The invention pushes the top plate to unfold by the rotation of the supporting channel steel 2, so that a ceiling is formed between the two upright columns, which can effectively protect the personal safety of the operator and avoid the coal on the top of the roadway from falling and hurting the operator. The use of the supporting channel steel 2 and the anti-dumping baffle avoids the problem of temporary support dumping. Through the supporting channel 2 protruding out of the roof for a certain length, combined with the use of the extended roof, the operator can support according to the actual situation. According to the situation, the support area of the adjustment device is convenient for the staff to support the roadway. The supporting strength of the roof can be effectively guaranteed through the support of two pairs of roof plates by multiple support channel steels and the downward pressure of the top plate on the roof.

Description

A protective structure for coal mine safety

technical field

The invention relates to the field of equipment related to coal mine safety protection, in particular to a protection structure for coal mine safety.

Background technique

In modern comprehensive mechanized mines, especially in coal mining, as the mining depth continues to increase, the geological conditions become more and more complex. Not only does the underground mine pressure increase, but some mining areas even experience unexpected rockbursts, resulting in serious personnel injuries. Casualties and property losses, in the excavated roadway, the roadway needs to be supported, so it is necessary to use the coal mine roadway support bracket, and the general support methods are divided into permanent support and temporary support.

In the patent with the application number CN201921553969.6, the utility model discloses a support device for coal mine safety engineering protection, including a base, the inner cavity of the base is fixedly connected with a battery, and both sides of the bottom of the inner cavity of the base are An electric telescopic rod is fixedly connected, and the end of the electric telescopic rod away from the battery penetrates to the outside of the base and is fixedly connected with a housing, and the inner cavity of the housing is fixedly connected with a motor. The utility model is provided with a base, an electric telescopic rod, a supporting leg, a storage battery, a shell, a roller, a first fixed pipe, a second fixed pipe, bolts, a first movable pipe, a support plate, a lighting lamp, a second movable pipe, a supporting The combination of shell, transparent lampshade, motor, first limiting plate, threaded rod, second limiting plate, movable plate and slider solves the problem that the existing supporting device for coal mine safety engineering protection cannot increase the supporting area , the support device for coal mine safety engineering protection has the advantage of increasing the support area, and is worthy of popularization. However, during the temporary support, because the roof needs to be used to support the top of the roadway, the safety of the operator cannot be effectively protected when the device is in use, causing the personal safety of the operator to be threatened by the collapse of the roadway.

In the patent with the application number CN202210042617.4, the present invention relates to a coal mine safety protection device, including a base and a support mechanism, the base is provided with a support mechanism, and the support mechanism includes a hydraulic support plate, a rectangular Groove, clamping groove, support frame, anchor net, fixed block and winding rod, the present invention can be adjusted at any time according to the height of the roadway that needs to be supported through the base and support mechanism, thus greatly expanding the The scope of use of the present invention is not only fast and convenient to install and disassemble, but also has a good stabilizing effect. A block of coal may fall and cause a safety hazard. But the temporary support is generally applied in the mining face, and though this invention can carry out safety protection to the roadway support, it cannot be applied to the mining face.

Therefore, when the existing temporary support device is installed and used, because it cannot effectively protect the operator, the staff is in a dangerous place when installing the support structure, which has a negative impact on the safe production of the coal mine. The support area of some support structures is fixed and inconvenient, which leads to the need for more support columns to support the roof, which increases the workload of the operators.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a protective structure for coal mine safety, which has the advantages of large support area, good support effect, and protection of the safety of operators, and solves the problem that existing temporary support devices cannot protect operators. Issues of safe protection and support area fixation.

To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

A protective structure for coal mine safety, including a fixed plate and a column, and the column is installed at both ends of the center of the lower surface of the fixed plate, and is characterized in that it also includes a top plate, a pressure top plate, and several adjustment seats;

The top pressing plate is located above the fixing plate, and adjustment columns are installed at both ends of the lower surface of the top pressing plate, an adjustment groove is provided at the center of the upper surface of the column, and adjustment holes are provided at both ends of the upper surface of the fixing plate, and the adjustment The column is movably inserted in the adjustment hole and the adjustment groove, and the lower end of the adjustment column is installed with a limit adjustment plate;

The top plate is located between the pressure top plate and the fixed baffle, one end of the top plate is semicircular, and a number of reinforcing plates are installed on one side of the center of the lower surface of the top plate, the reinforcing plates are evenly distributed, and the lower surface of the reinforcing plate The rotating seat one is installed, and an upper baffle is installed between the two columns, and diagonal stays are installed on both sides of the upper baffle, and the diagonal stays are movably connected with the rotating seat;

A plurality of said adjusting seats are located between two columns, said adjusting seats are evenly distributed, an adjusting screw is installed at the center of said adjusting seats, said adjusting screw is threadedly connected with adjusting seats, and two said adjusting seats are arranged between two columns Adjust the baffle, the two adjustment baffles are located on the upper and lower sides of the column, the adjustment screw and the adjustment baffle are connected by bearings, two rotating seats are installed on the two sides of the adjustment seat, and the two The two rotating seats are distributed in dislocation, and several rotating seats three are installed on both sides of the lower surface of the fixed plate. The positions of the several rotating seats three correspond to the positions of the rotating seats two. One end of the support channel steel one is installed with the support channel steel two, and the lower surface of the support channel steel two is installed with the rotating seat four, and an adjusting rod is movably installed between the rotating seat four and the rotating seat two, and the two adjacent supports An anti-dumping baffle is installed between the two channel steels, and the anti-dumping baffle and one end supporting the second channel steel are distributed symmetrically along the end surface of the top plate.

Further, a hydraulic oil cylinder is installed at the lower end of the column, and a concave base is installed at the lower end of the hydraulic oil cylinder. Spring telescopic rods are installed on both sides of the concave base, and the telescopic end of the spring telescopic rod is installed to support wheels. Mount the support base on the surface.

Further, the maximum working load of the spring telescopic rod is greater than the total weight of the device.

Further, the second supporting channel and the first supporting channel are installed in dislocation, and a stepped reinforcing block is installed at the joint between the second supporting channel and the first supporting channel.

Further, one end of the upper surface of the supporting channel steel 2 has a hanging plate hole, and the hanging plate hole is located on the part where the supporting channel steel 2 protrudes from the top plate, and the supporting channel steel 2 is movably placed with an extended top plate, so A hook is installed on one side of the lower surface of the extended top plate, and the hook is movably mounted on the hole of the hanging plate, and the concave base is provided with an extended top plate holding frame.

Further, a bevel gear is installed on the upper end of the adjusting screw, a driving motor is installed on one end of the lower surface of the upper baffle, a driving shaft is installed on the rotating end of the driving motor, and driving bearings are installed on both ends of the driving shaft. A bearing seat is installed between the bearing and the upper baffle plate, and some bevel gears two are installed on the drive shaft.

Further, the upper surface of the supporting channel steel 2 is in active contact with the lower surface of the top plate.

Further, when the top plate is rotated to the vertical direction, it is still under the top plate.

Further, the upper surface of the top pressing plate is conical.

Beneficial effect

A protective structure for coal mine safety produced by the technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

This protection structure pushes the top plate to unfold through the rotation of the supporting channel steel 2, so that a ceiling is formed between the two columns. When installing the temporary support, the operator hides under the top plate to perform the installation operation of the temporary support, which can effectively Protect the personal safety of the operator, and avoid the coal on the top of the roadway falling and hurting the operator.

In this protective structure, through the use of the supporting channel steel two and the anti-dumping baffle arranged in a staggered manner, after the temporary support is installed, the contact between the supporting channel steel and the anti-dumping baffle between two adjacent temporary supports can avoid The problem of dumping of the temporary support occurs, so as to ensure the stability of the installation of the temporary support, thereby avoiding the safety problems caused by the dumping of the temporary support.

This protective structure protrudes a certain length outside the top plate through the supporting channel steel 2, and cooperates with the use of the extended top plate, so that the operator can adjust the support area of the device according to the actual support situation, and it is convenient for the staff to support the roadway. .

This protection structure can effectively ensure the support strength of the roof through the support of two pairs of roof plates supported by multiple support channels, and the support strength of the roof can be strengthened again through the downward pressure of the top pressure plate on the roof and the support of the diagonal stays. It effectively ensures the support strength of the roof, and at the same time, compared with the traditional support mechanism, it greatly reduces the use of support columns. On the one hand, it can reduce the amount of operation of the staff, and on the other hand, it can also facilitate the operator to work under the roof. work and move.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural representation of a protective structure for coal mine safety according to the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram after Fig. 1 shrinkage of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a partial enlarged view of Fig. 1 according to the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a partial enlarged view of Fig. 2 according to the present invention;

Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of top plate of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the adjustment seat of the present invention;

Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram of supporting channel steel two of the present invention;

Fig. 8 is the bottom view of the second support channel steel of the present invention after installation;

In the figure, 1, fixed plate; 2, column; 3, top plate; 4, pressure top plate; 5, adjustment seat; 6, adjustment column; 7, adjustment groove; 8, adjustment hole; 1. Reinforcing plate; 11. Turning seat one; 12. Upper baffle; 13. Diagonal stay; 14. Adjusting screw; 15. Adjusting baffle; 16. Turning seat two; 17. Turning seat three; 18. Support groove Steel one; 19, supporting channel steel two; 20, rotating seat four; 21, adjusting rod; 22, anti-dumping baffle; 23, hydraulic cylinder; 24, concave base; 25, spring telescopic rod; , supporting bottom plate; 28, hanging plate hole; 29, lengthening top plate; 30, hook; 31, lengthening top plate holding frame; 32, bevel gear one; 33, driving motor; 34, driving shaft; 35, driving bearing; 36, Bearing seat; 37, bevel gear two; 38, step-type reinforcing block.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be specifically described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, as shown in Figures 1-8.

The structural design below the creation point of this program, combined with accompanying drawings 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, the top plate is located above the fixed plate, and the two ends of the bottom surface of the top plate are installed with adjustment columns 6 and uprights. An adjustment groove 7 is provided at the center of the upper surface, and an adjustment hole 8 is provided at both ends of the upper surface of the fixed plate. The setting of the plate 4, on the one hand, can utilize the pressure of the top of the roadway against the roof plate 4, so that the roof plate 4 is pressed above the roof plate 3, so as to ensure the supporting strength of the roof plate 3 and avoid the inclination of the roof plate 3.

The structural design below the creation point of this program, combined with accompanying drawings 1, 2, 3 and 4, the top plate is located between the top plate and the fixed baffle, one end of the top plate is semicircular, and the center of the lower surface of the top plate A number of reinforcing plates 10 are installed on one side of the place, and the reinforcing plates are evenly distributed. A rotating seat 11 is installed on the lower surface of the reinforcing plate, an upper baffle 12 is installed between the two columns, and diagonal stays 13 are installed on both sides of the upper baffle. The rod is movably connected with the swivel seat; the top plate 3 can be rotated through the cooperation of the diagonally-stayed strut 13 and the swivel seat-11. Effective support, on the other hand, can make the top plate 3 rotate and store, reduce the occupied area of the device, facilitate the handling and movement of the device, and through the use of the reinforcing plate 10, the strength of the supporting part of the top plate 3 can be strengthened, so as to Avoid the situation that the local parts of the top plate 3 are deformed due to excessive force.

The structural design below the creation point of this program, in conjunction with accompanying drawing 1, accompanying drawing 2, accompanying drawing 3, accompanying drawing 4, accompanying drawing 6, accompanying drawing 7 and accompanying drawing 8, several adjusting seats are positioned between two upright posts, adjust The seat is evenly distributed, and the adjusting screw rod 14 is installed at the center of the adjusting seat, and the adjusting screw rod is threadedly connected with the adjusting seat. The adjustment baffles are connected by bearings, two rotating seats 16 are installed on the side surfaces of both sides of the adjusting seat, and the two rotating seats two are misplaced, and several rotating seats three 17 are installed on both sides of the lower surface of the fixed plate, and several rotating seats three and the rotating seat The positions of the two correspond one to one, and the supporting channel steel one 18 is movable installed on the rotating seat three, and the support channel steel two 19 is installed on one end of the supporting channel steel one, and the rotating seat four 20 is installed on the lower surface of the supporting channel steel two, and the rotating seat four and the rotating Adjustment lever 21 is movably installed between seat two, and anti-dumping baffle plate 22 is installed between two adjacent supporting channel steels, and an end of anti-dumping baffle plate and supporting channel steel two is distributed symmetrically along the end face of top plate; The use of 19, on the one hand, can make the top plate 3 get effective support after being unfolded, so as to ensure the safety of the support of the top plate 3; on the other hand, it can push the top plate 3 to rotate, which is convenient for the staff to operate The use of seat 2 16 can displace the support channel steel 19 on the two top plates 3, and then when supporting the roadway as a whole, the contact between the support channel steel 19 and the anti-dumping baffle plate 22 can be used to prevent the column from toppling over , so as to ensure the stability of the support and improve the safety of the coal mine roadway support.

The following structural design of the creation point of this program, in conjunction with accompanying drawing 1 and accompanying drawing 2, hydraulic oil cylinder 23 is installed in the column lower end, and concave base 24 is installed in the lower end of hydraulic oil cylinder, and spring expansion link 25 is installed in the both sides of concave base, and the spring expansion link The supporting wheel 26 is installed at the telescoping end, and the supporting base plate 27 is installed on the lower surface of the concave base; utilize the cooperation of the supporting pressure and the spring telescopic rod 25, so that the device can promote the contraction of the spring telescopic rod 25 when supporting, so that the supporting base plate 27 is in contact with the roadway. Ground contact is supported, and simultaneously when not supporting, can utilize the elasticity of spring telescoping rod 25 again device is promoted, to facilitate staff's mobile device, reduces staff's operating capacity.

In this device, the maximum working load of the spring telescopic rod is greater than the total weight of the device; it is guaranteed that the spring telescopic rod 25 can lift the device without support, so that the device can be moved by supporting wheels 26.

In this device, supporting channel steel two and supporting channel steel one are misplaced and installed, and the butt joint of supporting channel steel two and supporting channel steel one is installed with a stepped reinforcing block 38; on the one hand, supporting channel steel two 19 and top plate 3 can In order to effectively support the top plate 3, on the other hand, through the stepped reinforcement block 38, the splicing part of the supporting channel steel 18 and the supporting channel steel 2 19 is strengthened to ensure the support strength of the supporting channel steel 2 19 .

In this device, one end of the upper surface of the supporting channel steel 2 has a hanging plate hole 28, and the hanging plate hole is located at the position where the supporting channel steel 2 protrudes from the top plate, and the supporting channel steel 2 is movably placed with an extended top plate 29. A hook 30 is installed on one side of the surface, and the hook is movably mounted on the hole of the hanging plate, and the concave base is provided with an extended top plate holding frame 31; the use of the extended top plate 29 can enable the staff to adjust the supporting area of the device according to the actual conditions of the roadway, thereby It is convenient for the staff to fully support the top of the roadway. On the other hand, through the use of the hook 30, the staff can quickly install the extended top plate 29, which is convenient for the staff to operate.

In this device, the upper surface of the supporting channel 2 is in active contact with the lower surface of the top plate; the full contact between the supporting channel 2 19 and the top plate 3 is ensured to ensure that the lower surface of the top plate 3 is effectively supported.

In this device, when the top plate is rotated to the vertical direction, it is still under the top plate; to ensure the smooth adjustment of the device, it can also prevent the broken coal at the top of the roadway from falling between the two top plates 3, so that the top plate 3 can be smoothly Expand.

In this device, the upper surface of the top pressing plate is conical; the top pressing plate 4 can be fully contacted with the top of the roadway, so that the fixing of the device is more stable, and at the same time, it can prevent the device from falling over.

Example 1:

When it is necessary to carry out temporary support to the coal mine underground roadway, the staff transports the device to the safe roadway beside the roadway that needs temporary support, and then the staff connects the device to the external power supply, and controls the hydraulic cylinders 23 and 23 respectively through the control switch. Drive the work of the motor 33, and then control the operation of the device.

First, the staff controls the drive motor 33 to start working through the control switch. With the rotation of the drive motor 33, the drive shaft 34 drives the rotation of the bevel gear 2 37, and then through the engagement of the bevel gear 2 37 and the bevel gear 1 32, the Bevel gear one 32 drives the adjustment screw rod 14 to start to rotate, and the rotation of the adjustment screw rod 14, and through the threaded connection with the adjustment seat 5, then drives the adjustment seat 5 to start to move upward, and as the adjustment seat 5 moves up, the adjustment seat 5 passes through The adjusting rod 21 pushes the supporting channel steel one 18 and the supporting channel steel two 19 to start to unfold, and then pushes the top plate 3 to start rotating through the supporting channel steel two 19, so that the top plate 3 is gradually expanded;

And along with the expansion of the top plate 3, the height of the upper end of the top plate 3 begins to decrease, and the pressure top plate 4 utilizes its own gravity to drive the adjustment column 6 to start shrinking back into the adjustment groove 7. After the top plate 3 rotates to the level, the top plate 3 is now pushed up. The plate 4 and the fixed plate 1 are clamped, and the top plate 3 is fully unfolded at this time;

At this time, the staff moves to the bottom of the two top boards 3, and pushes the column 2, so that the device moves through the support wheels 26, and then the top board 3 is moved to the support position, and then the staff can control the hydraulic cylinder 23 through the control switch to start Work, with the extension of the hydraulic cylinder 23, the column 2 starts to rise, so that the column 2 drives the top plate 3 to start to rise, and then the top plate 4 and the top plate 3 are in contact with the top of the roadway. As the hydraulic cylinder 23 continues to extend, and through Press the top plate 4 and the extrusion force of the top plate 3 and the roadway top, so that the strong spring in the spring telescopic rod 25 starts to be compressed, and then the hydraulic cylinder 23 pushes the concave base 24 to start to descend, and makes the supporting floor 27 contact with the ground. After the floor 27 is fully in contact with the ground, the device is fixed in the roadway by the extension of the hydraulic cylinder 23 to complete the support of the roadway.

Example 2:

When the staff perform the final support on the temporary support installation of the roadway, since the roadway support work is from the outside to the inside, the middle position of the roadway has not been supported at this time, in order to ensure that the top of the roadway is fully supported For protection, the staff needs to adjust the support area of the device according to the remaining unsupported top area of the roadway so that the top of the roadway can be fully supported.

First, the staff obtains the quantity of the extended top board 29 that needs to be used by visual inspection. At this time, the staff takes out the extended top board 29 from the extended top board holding frame 31, and hangs the hook 30 on the extended top board 29 on the hanging board hole 28. and through the self-gravity of the lengthened top plate 29, the hook 30 is moved to the lowermost end of the hanging plate hole 28, so that the lengthened top plate 29 can fully contact with the top plate 3 during the rotation process of the supporting channel steel 2 19 , to ensure that there will be no large gap between the top plate and the extended top plate 29;

At this moment, the staff controls the device according to the mode of embodiment 1 to start the expansion work of the top plate 3; level, and then the top plate 3 is lowered to a certain height, and then the staff manually moves the support device installed with the extended top plate 3 to the installation position, and moves the extended top plate 3 to the top of the supporting channel 2 19 of the adjacent support device, Then the staff stretches out by the hydraulic oil cylinder 23 on the two support devices, and then the staff promotes the movement of the device, so that the two support devices complete the support work to the roadway top.

In this process, the staff uses the extension of the hydraulic cylinder 23 and the lateral movement of the device to make the extended top plate 29 fully contact with the top plate 3 on the two supporting devices, and to reduce the distance between the extended top plate 29 and the top plate 3 to the greatest extent. Gap, so as to complete the final support work on the top of the roadway.

The above-mentioned technical solutions only reflect the preferred technical solutions of the technical solutions of the present invention, and some changes that those skilled in the art may make to certain parts reflect the principles of the present invention and fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A protective structure for coal mine safety comprises a fixed plate (1) and upright posts (2), wherein the upright posts are arranged at two ends of the center of the lower surface of the fixed plate, and the protective structure is characterized by further comprising a top plate (3), a top pressing plate (4) and a plurality of adjusting seats (5);

the pressing top plate is positioned above the fixed plate, adjusting columns (6) are installed at two ends of the lower surface of the pressing top plate, an adjusting groove (7) is formed in the center of the upper surface of each column, adjusting holes (8) are formed in two ends of the upper surface of the fixed plate, the adjusting columns are movably inserted into the adjusting holes and the adjusting grooves, and a limiting adjusting plate (9) is installed at the lower ends of the adjusting columns;

the top plate is positioned between the top pressing plate and the fixed baffle, one end of the top plate is semicircular, a plurality of reinforcing plates (10) are arranged on one side of the center of the lower surface of the top plate and are uniformly distributed, a first rotating seat (11) is arranged on the lower surface of each reinforcing plate, an upper baffle (12) is arranged between two upright columns, diagonal draw support rods (13) are arranged on two sides of each upper baffle, and the diagonal draw support rods are movably connected with the rotating seats;

it is a plurality of adjust the seat and be located between two stands, adjust seat evenly distributed, adjust seat center department installation adjusting screw (14), adjusting screw and regulation seat threaded connection, two be equipped with two adjusting stop (15) between the stand, two adjusting stop is located the upper and lower both sides of stand, be connected through the bearing between adjusting screw and the adjusting stop, adjust seat two (16), two are rotated in the installation on the side surface of seat both sides rotate seat two dislocation distribution, a plurality of rotation seat three (17) of fixed plate lower surface both sides installation, a plurality of rotate seat three and the position one-to-one that rotates seat two, it supports channel-section steel one (18) to rotate the movable mounting on the seat three, support channel-section steel one's one end erection bracing channel-section steel two (19), support channel-section steel two's lower surface erection rotation seat four (20), rotate seat four and rotate movable mounting regulation pole (21) between the seat two, installation falling baffle (22) between the adjacent two supporting channel-section steel two, the terminal surface symmetric distribution of roof is followed to the one end that falls baffle and support channel-section steel two.

2. A protective structure for coal mine safety according to claim 1, wherein the lower end of the upright is provided with a hydraulic oil cylinder (23), the lower end of the hydraulic oil cylinder is provided with a concave base (24), two sides of the concave base are provided with spring telescopic rods (25), the telescopic ends of the spring telescopic rods are provided with support wheels (26), and the lower surface of the concave base is provided with a support bottom plate (27).

3. A protective structure for coal mine safety according to claim 2, wherein the maximum working load of the spring telescopic rod is greater than the total weight of the device.

4. The protective structure for the coal mine safety according to claim 1, wherein the second supporting channel steel and the first supporting channel steel are installed in a staggered mode, and a stepped reinforcing block (38) is installed at the joint of the second supporting channel steel and the first supporting channel steel.

5. The protective structure for the coal mine safety according to claim 1, wherein a hanging plate hole (28) is formed in one end of the upper surface of the second supporting channel steel, the hanging plate hole is located in a position, extending out of the top plate, of the second supporting channel steel, a lengthened top plate (29) is movably placed on the second supporting channel steel, a hook (30) is installed on one side of the lower surface of the lengthened top plate, the hook is movably hung on the hanging plate hole, and a lengthened top plate containing frame (31) is arranged on the concave base.

6. A protective structure for coal mine safety according to claim 1, wherein a first bevel gear (32) is mounted at the upper end of the adjusting screw, a driving motor (33) is mounted at one end of the lower surface of the upper baffle plate, a driving shaft (34) is mounted at the rotating end of the driving motor, driving bearings (35) are mounted at two ends of the driving shaft, a bearing seat (36) is mounted between each driving bearing and the upper baffle plate, a plurality of second bevel gears (37) are mounted on each driving shaft, the positions of the plurality of second bevel gears correspond to the positions of the first bevel gears, and the second bevel gears are meshed with the first bevel gears.

7. A protective structure for coal mine safety according to claim 1, wherein the upper surface of the second support channel is in movable contact with the lower surface of the roof.

8. A protective structure for coal mine safety according to claim 1, wherein the roof is rotated to a vertical orientation to remain below the roof hold-down plate.

9. A shelter structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the upper surface of the capping plate is conical.

Images