CN115909880A - Visual internal defect and fault verification test transformer - Google Patents
Visual internal defect and fault verification test transformer Download PDFInfo
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- CN115909880A CN115909880A CN202211488711.9A CN202211488711A CN115909880A CN 115909880 A CN115909880 A CN 115909880A CN 202211488711 A CN202211488711 A CN 202211488711A CN 115909880 A CN115909880 A CN 115909880A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a visual internal defect and fault verification test transformer, which comprises a simulation transformer body, a partial discharge model and a sensor group, wherein the simulation transformer body is provided with a plurality of sensors; the side wall of an oil tank of the simulation transformer body is provided with a plurality of hand hole observation windows, and a partial discharge model for simulating the faults or defects of the transformer is arranged in the oil tank; the sensor group is used for acquiring development process data of the fault or defect of the transformer when the partial discharge model acts. The transformer can be used for simulating different faults and defects, and various sensors are used for recording process data of various defects from development to breakdown so as to restore the development process of the faults as far as possible. In addition, a large number of hand hole observation windows are arranged, so that an experimenter can conveniently observe the interior of the transformer, and meanwhile, the period and difficulty of defect arrangement, defect failure and defect recovery are greatly shortened.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of power transformers, and particularly relates to a visual internal defect and fault verification test transformer.
Background
The power transformer is used as a main device in a power grid system, and has high value, large quantity and wide distribution range, great economic loss is brought to power grid users when the power transformer is in fault outage, and the safety risk of the power grid system can be caused by the short circuit fault inside the power transformer. A large number of fault cases show that the existing transformer safety protection system is not perfect enough, the physical characteristic rule of the whole process from defect evolution to fault is not recognized, the related characteristic parameters are difficult to establish and sense, and the whole chain protection from the defect to the fault is difficult to form. With the rapid increase of the capacity of the power grid system, the increase of the voltage level of the transformer leads to the larger and larger capacity, and thus the loss caused when the transformer fails. Accelerating understanding and mastering the fault transient process of the transformer, particularly the change rule of an internal physical field, has important significance for isolating faults in advance, avoiding transformer burning loss and fault amplification. The existing protection mechanism is insufficient to know the change rule of the internal fault transient process of the transformer, particularly the change rule of an internal physical field, the utilized information is single and only solves the problems of port electrical quantity, oil flow surge and gas generation in oil, and the requirements of accurately mastering a multi-physical-field driving and coupling mechanism of the transformer under internal fault and external disturbance and accurately describing the dynamic change process of each parameter under transient excitation and a simulation model cannot be met. Therefore, there is a need to develop technical research on establishing and sensing characteristic parameters related to internal fault defects of power transformers.
In the process of establishing and sensing characteristic parameters related to internal fault defects of a power transformer and researching transformer protection technology for reflecting the internal serious defects or early slight faults, the problems that various internal fault defects are difficult to set, the development process of the internal defects is difficult to observe, and the protection performance of the transformer reflecting the internal serious defects or the early slight faults cannot be verified exist.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the invention aims to provide a visual internal defect and fault verification test transformer.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention relates to a visual internal defect and fault verification test transformer, which comprises a simulation transformer body, a partial discharge model and a sensor group, wherein the simulation transformer body is provided with a plurality of sensors;
the side wall of an oil tank of the simulation transformer body is provided with a plurality of hand hole observation windows, and a partial discharge model for simulating the fault or defect of the transformer is arranged in the oil tank; the sensor group is used for collecting development process data of the faults or defects of the transformer when the partial discharge model acts.
Preferably, the oil tank is connected to a cooling device for adjusting the temperature in the oil tank.
Preferably, the partial discharge model is one or more of a high-voltage lead head clamp impurity fault, a voltage-equalizing ball spike fault, a ground potential spike oil gap discharge fault, a lead spike fault, a damped paper board creepage fault, a fixed bubble discharge fault, a compression joint plate suspension fault, a bubble injection fault, an iron core interelectrode discharge fault, an electrostatic ring suspension discharge fault, oil flow driving, an interelectrode discharge fault and an interelectrode short circuit fault.
Preferably, the partial discharge model is mounted at the target location by a detachable means.
Preferably, the sensor group comprises at least one of an ultrasonic sensor, a magnetic leakage sensor, a high-frequency CT, a fiber optic temperature sensor, an ultrasonic flow velocity sensor, a pressure sensor, a visala sensor and an ultrahigh-frequency sensor.
Preferably, the sensor group comprises ultrahigh frequency sensors which are arranged at the upper side and the lower side of the discharge phase and the healthy phase and are used for measuring pulse current at the projection of the long axial surface and the short axial surface of the oil tank.
Preferably, the sensor group includes visalas sensors for measuring hydrogen, micro-water and temperature disposed around the buchholz relay and the a-phase rising seat.
Preferably, the sensor group comprises a plurality of groups of magnetic leakage sensors which are respectively arranged at the coil heights of 1/4, 1/2 and 3/4 and used for measuring the magnetic field distribution inside the transformer.
Preferably, the sensor group comprises ultrasonic flow velocity sensors respectively arranged on two sides of the gas connecting pipeline and the external connecting part, the two groups of ultrasonic flow velocity sensors are arranged in the pipeline in series, and the ultrasonic flow velocity sensors are used for measuring the flow velocity of a medium in the pipeline.
Preferably, the sensor group comprises a pressure sensor for measuring the oil pressure in the oil tank, and the pressure sensors arranged at the top of the oil tank are respectively arranged in the middle of the AB phase and the BC phase; the pressure sensors arranged on the long axial surface of the oil tank are respectively arranged on the AB phase radial middle part and the axial middle axis and the BC phase radial middle part and the axial middle axis; and the pressure sensors arranged on the short axial surface of the oil tank are respectively arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the winding in the axial direction.
Preferably, the ultrasonic sensors are uniformly distributed on the long axial surfaces on two sides and the short axial surfaces on two sides of the oil tank, the number of the ultrasonic sensors can be determined according to the size of the oil tank and specific requirements, and the ultrasonic sensors are used for measuring partial discharge in the oil tank.
Preferably, the optical fiber temperature sensor is arranged on the wall of the phase A end tank of the oil tank and is installed through an installation flange of the optical fiber through disc, and the optical fiber temperature sensor is used for measuring the temperature of the multipoint ground fault position of the winding and the iron core.
Preferably, the high-frequency CT is provided at the existing bushings CT on the high-voltage side, the medium-voltage side and the low-voltage side.
Preferably, in the partial discharge model, metal particles are fixed at the position of a first-phase lead wire clamp of the A phase through the hand hole of the A phase, and a white cloth belt is used for binding and simulating impurity faults of the first-end wire clamp of the high-voltage lead.
And fixing the metal spikes on the surface of the B-phase sleeve pressure-equalizing ball by using an insulating tape through the B-phase hand hole to simulate the spike fault of the pressure-equalizing ball.
The lifting seat is arranged at the position opposite to the C-phase first line, so that the screw enters the oil tank through a threaded hole at the bottom of the lifting seat, the adjusting screw is screwed into the oil tank to adjust the distance between the C-phase first line and the metal tip, and the oil gap discharge fault of the ground potential tip is simulated.
And metal spikes are arranged at the insulation positions of the B phase and the O phase first line on the high-voltage side and are perpendicular to the sleeve towards the observation window, so that the lead spike fault is simulated.
And the damped paper boards are fixed around the lower ends of the A-phase sleeve pressure equalizing balls through the A-phase hand holes by using insulating ropes, so that creepage faults of the damped paper boards are simulated.
A hollow capsule is fixed among the head end of a B-phase lead wire, a B-phase voltage regulating coil and a high-voltage coil, and fixed bubble discharge faults are simulated.
And fixing the metal object on the lower surface of the hand hole cover plate by using an insulating tape through the hand hole at the A-phase box cover, and simulating the suspension fault at the compression joint plate.
A gas inlet is respectively formed below the phase A core column, below the phase AB coil yoke and below the surface of the phase A coil enclosure, and insulating pipelines with different pipe diameters are led to the required position for a test inside the oil tank to simulate bubble injection faults.
And through hand holes arranged right above the B-phase iron core column, iron core interpolar potential lines are respectively led out from two tail electrodes of the iron core, and the distance between potential lead wires is adjusted through the hand holes, so that interpolar discharge faults are simulated. A fixing bolt for fixing a wet paper board can be arranged on the lower surface of the box cover, and an interpole outgoing line is placed on the paper board and used for simulating the discharge fault between iron cores.
A top electrostatic ring is used as a suspension conductor, and a B-phase electrostatic ring and a B-phase high-voltage winding are respectively led out of a wiring terminal; when the virtual floating discharge of the electrostatic ring needs to be simulated, the insulation of the outgoing line is unfastened, the first line of the phase B and the electrostatic ring of the phase B are connected through the outgoing line and are wrapped and insulated, and the suspension discharge fault of the electrostatic ring is simulated.
The ball valve serving as an air charging connector is arranged at the lower oil-saving tank accident oil discharging valve, and oil circulation is realized by injecting dry air to simulate oil flow driving.
Two insulating paper boards are adopted to clamp the middle insulating paper board, a certain amount of metal impurities are placed in the middle insulating paper board, a cushion block is made to replace part of the middle insulating paper board, and the discharge fault between the cakes is simulated.
The interpolar short circuit of the switch is realized through the manual short circuit switch of the hand hole at the switch, and the turn-to-turn short circuit fault is simulated.
Preferably, the simulation transformer body comprises a transformer body, an iron core, a low-voltage winding, a medium-voltage winding, a high-voltage winding, a voltage-regulating winding, a heat dissipation device, an oil conservator, a rectifier, an on-load tap changer, a high-voltage sleeve, a medium-voltage sleeve and a low-voltage sleeve, wherein the iron core, the low-voltage winding, the medium-voltage winding, the high-voltage winding and the voltage-regulating winding are arranged from inside to outside.
Preferably, the cooling device comprises an oil pump, a cooling fin and a circulating oil pipe, the cooling fin is connected with the oil tank through the circulating oil pipe, and the oil pump provides power for the circulation of the cooling medium.
Has the advantages that: the test transformer can observe and adjust the degree of internal fault defects, provides a test platform for observing internal conditions for mastering the transient process of the internal faults of the transformer, particularly the change rule of an internal physical field, and also provides a test platform for carrying out detection on the protection performance of the transformer for reflecting the internal serious defects or early slight faults.
Furthermore, the test transformer and the power transformer are basically the same in structure, different fault defect setting simulation methods are combined, various internal defect faults of the large power transformer are completely simulated, meanwhile, data acquisition of the whole process from development to breakdown of various defects can be achieved through the sensor group comprising various sensors, and the fault development process can be clearly restored. In addition, the setting of a large amount of hand hole observation windows can satisfy experimental observation demands, and simultaneously, the period and the difficulty of defect arrangement, defect failure and defect recovery can be greatly shortened.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of the overall structure of a visual internal defect and fault verification test transformer of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the overall structure of a visual internal defect and fault verification test transformer of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a side view of the overall structure of a visual internal defect and failure verification test transformer of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the inside of a transformer body for visual internal defect and fault verification test according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained in detail by combining the drawings and the embodiment scheme.
A visual internal defect and fault verification test transformer comprises a simulation transformer body, a partial discharge model and a sensor group; the side wall of an oil tank 1 of the simulation transformer body is provided with a plurality of hand hole observation windows 12, and a partial discharge model for simulating the faults or defects of the transformer is arranged in the oil tank; the sensor group is used for acquiring development process data of the fault or defect of the transformer when the partial discharge model acts.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 to 4, the analog transformer body includes: the transformer body 1 comprises an iron core, a low-voltage winding, a medium-voltage winding, a high-voltage winding, a voltage regulating winding, a high-voltage sleeve 7, a medium-voltage sleeve 8, a low-voltage sleeve 9, an oil conservator 10, an on-load tap changer 11, a heat dissipation device and a rectifier 90, wherein the iron core, the low-voltage winding, the medium-voltage winding, the high-voltage winding and the voltage regulating winding are arranged from inside to outside and are the same as an actual power transformer in structure, and various internal defect faults of a large-scale power transformer can be completely simulated by matching with a partial discharge model.
In this embodiment, the oil tank is connected to a cooling device for adjusting the temperature in the oil tank, the cooling device includes an oil pump 61, a heat sink 60, and a circulation oil pipe 62, and the oil pump is used to drive oil circulation to achieve heat dissipation through the heat sink by the circulation oil pipe according to the temperature requirement in the oil tank.
In this embodiment, the number of hand hole observation windows provided in the side wall of the oil tank is 30, and 26 hand hole observation windows are provided in the long axial plane and 4 hand hole observation windows are provided in the short axial plane, respectively. The hand hole and the observation window are made of transparent toughened glass, and the oil hole is sealed by an epoxy resin plate.
In this embodiment, the sensor group includes at least one of an ultrasonic sensor 15, a magnetic flux leakage sensor 18, a high-frequency CT, an optical fiber temperature sensor, an ultrasonic flow rate sensor 16, a pressure sensor 17, a visala sensor 14, and an ultrahigh-frequency sensor 13, where the ultrasonic sensor is used to measure partial discharge, the high-frequency CT is used to measure pulse current, the optical fiber temperature sensor is used to measure temperature at a winding and iron core multipoint ground fault, the ultrasonic flow rate sensor is used to measure oil flow rate in a main air pipe connected to a gas relay, the pressure sensor is used to measure oil pressure in a tank, the visala sensor is used to measure hydrogen, micro water, and temperature, and the ultrahigh-frequency sensor is used to measure pulse current.
In this embodiment, the arrangement of the sensors in the sensor group is as follows:
10 ultrahigh frequency sensor interfaces are arranged, wherein 8 long axial surfaces are arranged, and the upper side and the lower side of each discharge phase are respectively arranged at 1/4 position and 3/4 position of the axial direction of the winding; the upper side and the lower side of the sound phase are respectively arranged at 1/4 position and 3/4 position of the axial direction of the winding. The number of the short axial surfaces is 4, and the upper side and the lower side of each of the two short axial surfaces are respectively provided with one. The ultrahigh frequency sensor interface is a circular flange, and an epoxy resin plate is adopted to seal the oil hole.
The number of the Visala sensor interfaces is 2, and the Visala sensor interfaces are respectively arranged around the gas relay and the A-phase lifting seat.
The number of the pressure sensor interfaces is 10, wherein 2 pressure sensor interfaces are arranged at the top of the oil tank and are respectively arranged in the middle of an AB phase and a BC phase; 4 long axial surfaces on the side surfaces of the oil tank are respectively arranged on the radial middle and axial central axes of the AB phase and the BC phase; 4 short axial surfaces are arranged, and 1 short axial surface is respectively arranged at 1/4 and 3/4 of the axial direction of the winding. 5 interfaces in the pressure sensor interface are designed into a ball valve type, and the other 5 interfaces are designed into a straight hole type.
The ultrasonic flow velocity sensor interfaces are arranged in 2 in number, and are respectively arranged at the outer end of the gas connecting pipeline and in the gas connecting pipeline, and the two groups of ultrasonic flow velocity sensors are in series connection.
10 ultrasonic sensor interfaces are arranged totally, set up 8 respectively at the oil tank major axis face, and the minor axis face sets up 2.
The optical fiber temperature sensor interface is arranged on the wall of the phase A end tank of the oil tank, and two optical fibers are welded to the flange 21 penetrating the disc.
The magnetic flux leakage sensor interface is arranged in the box body, 3 rows of mounting brackets are used, and the height direction is 1/4, 1/2 and 3/4 of the height of the coil; and 4 through disc mounting flanges are welded on the wall of the phase C end tank of the oil tank.
The high-frequency CTs are provided at the existing bushings CT on the high-voltage side, the medium-voltage side and the low-voltage side.
In this embodiment, the partial discharge model is one or more of a high-voltage lead head clamp impurity fault, a voltage-sharing ball spike fault, a ground potential spike oil gap discharge fault, a lead spike fault, a damp paperboard creepage fault, a fixed bubble discharge fault, a compression joint plate suspension fault, a bubble injection fault, an iron core inter-electrode discharge fault, an electrostatic ring suspension discharge fault, oil flow driving, an inter-cake discharge fault, and an inter-electrode short circuit fault.
In this embodiment, the partial discharge models are arranged as follows:
copper particles of about 2 microns are fixed at a first wire clamp of the A phase through a hand hole of the A phase, and a white cloth belt is used for binding and simulating impurity faults of a wire clamp at the head end of a high-voltage lead.
And fixing a metal spike on the surface of the B-phase sleeve pressure-equalizing ball by using an insulating tape through a B-phase hand hole to simulate the spike fault of the pressure-equalizing ball, wherein the metal spike adopts a copper wire with the diameter of 2mm and the length of 10 mm.
The lifting seat 20 is arranged at the position opposite to the C-phase first line, so that an M6 screw enters the oil tank through a threaded hole at the bottom of the lifting seat, and the adjusting screw is screwed into the oil tank to adjust the distance between the C-phase first line and the metal tip, thereby simulating the oil gap discharge fault of the ground potential tip.
A metal spike is arranged at an insulation position of a B phase and an O phase first line on a high-voltage side and is perpendicular to a sleeve towards an observation window, a lead spike fault is simulated, and a copper wire with the diameter of 2mm and the length of 5mm is adopted as the metal spike at the position.
The damp paperboard is fixed at the 20mm position of the lower end of the A-phase sleeve pipe equalizing ball through the A-phase hand hole by using an insulating rope, and creepage faults of the damp paperboard are simulated.
A fixed bubble discharge fault is simulated by fixing the empty capsule between the head end of a B-phase lead wire, the B-phase voltage regulating coil and the high-voltage coil.
And fixing the metal object on the lower surface of the hand hole cover plate by using an insulating tape through the hand hole at the A-phase box cover, and simulating the suspension fault at the compression joint plate.
Gas input ports 19 are respectively arranged below the phase A core column, below the phase AB interphase close iron yoke and below the surface of the phase A coil enclosure, and insulating pipelines with different pipe diameters are led to positions required by tests in the oil tank to simulate bubble injection faults.
And (3) leading out 23 potential lines between iron cores from two tail electrodes of the iron cores respectively through hand holes arranged right above the B-phase iron core column, and regulating the distance between potential lead wires through the hand holes to simulate an inter-electrode discharge fault. A fixing bolt 24 for fixing a wet paperboard can also be arranged on the lower surface of the box cover, and an interpole guide 22 is placed on the paperboard for simulating the discharge fault between iron cores.
A top electrostatic ring is used as a suspension conductor 24, and a B-phase electrostatic ring and a B-phase high-voltage winding are respectively led out of a terminal; when the virtual floating discharge of the electrostatic ring needs to be simulated, the insulation of the leading-out wire is disconnected, the first line of the B phase and the electrostatic ring of the B phase are connected through the leading-out wire and are covered with insulation, and the suspension discharge fault of the electrostatic ring is simulated.
A DN50 ball valve serving as an air charging connector is arranged at an accident oil discharging valve of the lower oil-saving tank, and the circulation of oil is realized by injecting dry air, so that the driving of oil flow is simulated.
Two 0.5mm insulating paper boards are used for clamping a middle insulating paper board, a certain amount of metal impurities are placed in the middle insulating paper board, a cushion block is made, a part of 3mm insulating paper boards are replaced, and the discharge fault between the cakes is simulated.
The interpolar short circuit of the switch is realized through the manual short circuit switch of the hand hole at the switch, and the turn-to-turn short circuit fault is simulated.
Because the setting position of the inter-cake discharge fault is the inter-cake position of the transformer, the inter-cake discharge fault needs to be arranged and repaired by a hanging core, and other types of partial discharge models can be quickly arranged and repaired through a hand hole observation window.
To sum up, the visual transformer testing device for the internal defects and the fault verification test is basically the same as the structure of the power transformer, provides a setting simulation method for various fault defects and various sensor acquisition platforms, can carry out simulation arrangement of different faults and defects, and can record process data of various defects from development to breakdown through various sensors so as to restore the development process of the faults as far as possible. In addition, a large number of hand hole observation windows are arranged, so that an experimenter can conveniently observe the interior of the transformer, and meanwhile, the period and difficulty of defect arrangement, defect failure and defect recovery are greatly shortened.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a visual internal defect and failure verification test transformer which characterized in that: the device comprises a simulation transformer body, a partial discharge model and a sensor group;
the side wall of an oil tank of the simulation transformer body is provided with a plurality of hand hole observation windows, and a partial discharge model for simulating the fault or defect of the transformer is arranged in the oil tank; the sensor group is used for collecting development process data of the faults or defects of the transformer when the partial discharge model acts.
2. The visual internal defect and fault verification test transformer of claim 1, wherein: the oil tank is connected with a cooling device for adjusting the temperature in the oil tank.
3. The visual internal defect and fault verification test transformer of claim 1, wherein: the partial discharge model is one or more of a high-voltage lead head clamp impurity fault, a voltage-sharing ball spike fault, a ground potential point oil gap discharge fault, a lead spike fault, a damp paperboard creepage fault, a fixed bubble discharge fault, a compression joint plate suspension fault, a bubble injection fault, an iron core interelectrode discharge fault, an electrostatic ring suspension discharge fault, oil flow driving, an interelectrode discharge fault and an interelectrode short circuit fault.
4. The visual internal defect and fault verification test transformer of claim 3, wherein: the partial discharge model is arranged at the target position through a detachable device.
5. The visual internal defect and fault verification test transformer of claim 1, wherein: the sensor group comprises at least one of an ultrasonic sensor, a magnetic flux leakage sensor, a high-frequency CT (computed tomography), an optical fiber temperature sensor, an ultrasonic flow velocity sensor, a pressure sensor, a Visalat sensor and an ultrahigh-frequency sensor.
6. The visual internal defect and fault verification test transformer of claim 1, wherein: the sensor group comprises ultrahigh frequency sensors which are arranged at the projection positions of the long axial surface and the short axial surface of the oil tank on the upper side and the lower side of the discharging phase and the healthy phase and are used for measuring pulse current.
7. The visual internal defect and fault verification test transformer of claim 1, wherein: the sensor group comprises a Visalat sensor which is arranged around the gas relay and the A-phase lifting seat and is used for measuring hydrogen, micro-water and temperature.
8. The visual internal defect and fault verification test transformer of claim 1, wherein: the sensor group comprises a plurality of groups of magnetic leakage sensors which are respectively arranged at the positions of 1/4, 1/2 and 3/4 of the height of the coil and are used for measuring the distribution of the magnetic field in the transformer.
9. The visual internal defect and fault verification test transformer of claim 1, wherein: the sensor group comprises ultrasonic flow velocity sensors which are respectively arranged on two sides of the gas connecting pipeline and the external connecting part, two groups of ultrasonic flow velocity sensors are connected in series in the pipeline, and the ultrasonic flow velocity sensors are used for measuring the flow velocity of a medium in the pipeline.
10. The visual internal defect and fault verification test transformer of claim 1, wherein: the sensor group comprises pressure sensors for measuring the oil pressure in the oil tank, and the pressure sensors arranged at the top of the oil tank are respectively arranged in the middle of an AB phase and a BC phase; the pressure sensors arranged on the long axial surface of the oil tank are respectively arranged on the AB phase radial middle part and the axial middle axis and the BC phase radial middle part and the axial middle axis; and the pressure sensors arranged on the short axial surface of the oil tank are respectively arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the winding in the axial direction.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202211488711.9A CN115909880A (en) | 2022-11-25 | 2022-11-25 | Visual internal defect and fault verification test transformer |
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| CN202211488711.9A CN115909880A (en) | 2022-11-25 | 2022-11-25 | Visual internal defect and fault verification test transformer |
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| CN115909880A true CN115909880A (en) | 2023-04-04 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117075002A (en) * | 2023-08-23 | 2023-11-17 | 西安工程大学 | Electric heating linkage defect simulation experiment transformer |
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2022
- 2022-11-25 CN CN202211488711.9A patent/CN115909880A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117075002A (en) * | 2023-08-23 | 2023-11-17 | 西安工程大学 | Electric heating linkage defect simulation experiment transformer |
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