CN115885796B - A planting method for intercropping kudzu vine and agarwood - Google Patents
A planting method for intercropping kudzu vine and agarwood Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种粉葛与凉粉草间作的种植方法，通过粉葛间作药食两用植物凉粉草，粉葛和凉粉草起到相辅相成的作用：粉葛固氮作用，改善土壤肥力，减少肥料投入；粉葛搭架引蔓，在夏季期间可为凉粉草提供遮阴环境，防止叶片灼烧落叶；凉粉草覆盖地表，防除杂草，减少除草剂使用，提高土壤墒情，促进粉葛生长；间作凉粉草，既不与粮争地，又解决企业生产所需凉粉草原料短缺问题，进一步提高土地的利用率，增加作物产量和种植收益。
The invention discloses a planting method of intercropping kudzu and agarwood. By intercropping kudzu with agarwood, a medicinal and edible plant, kudzu and agarwood complement each other: kudzu fixes nitrogen, improves soil fertility, and reduces fertilizer input; kudzu builds a frame to guide vines, which can provide a shade environment for agarwood in summer to prevent leaf burns and leaf fall; agarwood covers the ground surface to prevent weeds, reduce the use of herbicides, improve soil moisture, and promote the growth of kudzu; intercropping agarwood does not compete with grain for land, solves the problem of agarwood raw material shortage required for enterprise production, further improves land utilization, and increases crop yield and planting income.
Description
[ Field of technology ]
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a planting method for intercropping radix puerariae and mesona chinensis.
[ Background Art ]
The radix puerariae lobatae contains rich components beneficial to human body such as starch, dietary fiber, amino acid, trace elements and the like, and is a medicine and food homologous plant. The root nodule rate of the root nodule bacteria of the radix puerariae belongs to the Papilionaceae in the leguminous plants and is more than 90%, so that the radix puerariae has a stronger biological nitrogen fixation effect. The arrowroot serving as the deciduous vine plant needs to be erected by the dried tea, the height of the erected dried tea is 2-2.5 m, so that photosynthesis of the arrowroot Ge Zhizhu is improved, expansion of the arrowroot Ge Kuaigen is promoted, the root rapid expansion period is 8-9 months, the growing period is 300-360 days (the harvesting time is about 12 months), and the quality is optimal.
Guangxi Wuzhou Teng County is the famous country of the Chinese, the planting area of the whole county is more than 5 ten thousand mu, the yield of the kudzuvine is more than 12.5 ten thousand tons, and the yield of the fresh kudzuvine reaches 5.5 hundred million yuan. At present, teng County radix puerariae are planted in a single mode, and peanuts, taros, vegetables and the like are interplanted. In the growth cycle, especially in the early stages of growth, because of the slower growth of the meal Ge Zhizhu, more bare ground provides growth space for weeds, and farmers often spray chemical herbicides to control weed growth. The long-term use of chemical herbicide not only reduces the quality of soil, but also easily causes the pesticide residue content of the powder Ge Kuaigen to exceed the standard, thereby reducing the quality of the radix puerariae. Meanwhile, the bare ground with more early growth period also causes low land utilization rate and water and soil loss caused by rain wash, so that higher unit planting benefit is difficult to ensure.
The mesona chinensis is annual herbaceous plants of mesona genus of Labiatae, also called mesona chinensis and mesona chinensis, is a medicinal plant for both medicine and food purposes, and is distributed in Guangdong, guangxi, fujian and other places in main production areas of China. The plant height is generally about 70cm, belonging to dwarf plants. The growth period is 150-180 days, the medicinal part is the overground part of the plant, wherein the leaf has the highest content of polysaccharide as the active ingredient, and the leaf is generally harvested in 8-9 months. Because mesona chinensis is also a herbal plant with a shallow root system, the drought resistance and waterlogging resistance of the mesona chinensis are not strong, no special herbicide exists at present, and therefore, a mode of grass-proof and moisture-preserving cultivation combining black film coverage cultivation and artificial weeding is usually adopted in production, but the burning of leaves and the accumulation of polysaccharide of active ingredients caused by limited growth of root systems due to strong light exposure in the later growth period finally affect the yield and quality of the mesona chinensis.
Based on the problems faced in the planting process of the arrowroot and the mesona chinensis, the growth reciprocity relationship of the arrowroot and the mesona chinensis is fully utilized, and the intercropping mode of the arrowroot and the mesona chinensis is adopted. Through reasonable planting time, planting density and field management, the pachyrhizua angulatus can provide the required shading environment in the later growth stage for mesona chinensis, and the mesona chinensis can increase ground coverage and biodiversity for the flour Ge Dekuai, improve soil moisture content, improve soil water retention and soil conservation performance, improve the planting benefit of unit area of land.
At present, although there are researches on interplanting of dwarf plants and radix Puerariae to improve land utilization and planting benefits, for example, chinese patent publication No. CN114793787a is a technique for efficient mixed planting of radix Puerariae and pulp Citrulli, chinese patent publication No. CN114521446a is a method for interplanting radix Puerariae in red soil hilly tea garden, chinese patent publication No. CN110463547a is a method for high-yield interplanting of rhizoma Gastrodiae and radix Puerariae, chinese patent publication No. CN105850433a is a technique for efficient mixed planting of rhizoma Zingiberis recens and radix Puerariae, and chinese patent publication No. CN104509359a is a method for interplanting caulis Bambusae in Taeniam and radix Puerariae. Thus, the prior art does not disclose a method for intercropping radix Puerariae and herba mesonae chinensis.
[ Invention ]
Aiming at the problems faced in the existing planting process of the pachyrhizua angulatus and the mesona chinensis, the invention provides a planting method for intercropping the pachyrhizua angulatus and the mesona chinensis, the advantages of reciprocal symbiotic and reciprocal promotion of the growth of the two plants with high and low heights are fully utilized, the problem of blade burning in the late growth period of the mesona angulatus is avoided by using chemical herbicides and solving the problems of blade burning in the planting process of the mesona angulatus, the ground coverage rate and the soil water and soil conservation capacity are improved, the space light energy and the soil force are fully utilized, a reasonable composite planting group structure is formed, and finally the planting benefit of unit area of the land is improved.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
A method for intercropping radix puerariae and mesona chinensis comprises the following steps:
(1) Selecting planting land, namely selecting weak acidic to neutral sandy loam or loam with good water source condition, sufficient sunlight, deep soil layer and loose and fertile soil, and not selecting continuous cropping land;
(2) Soil preparation and ridging, namely, after soil turning, soil loosening and raking are carried out by a tractor cultivator 1 month before planting, a base fertilizer is put, ditching and ridging are carried out, the width of a ridge base is 120-140cm, the height of the ridge is 60-70cm, the bottom width of a drainage ditch between ridges is 40-60cm, and the properties of the ridged ridge are in a tortoiseshell shape with narrow upper part and wide lower part;
(3) Picking powder Ge Shi, selecting middle rattan with full strong bud eyes as seed stems, burying with wet sand, covering the upper part with straw for moisturizing, digging out the seed stems for trimming into 7-8cm cuttings with 1 bud eye, wherein the length above the buds is about 1/3 and the length below the buds is about 2/3 when cutting the stems, cutting the prepared seedbed at a plant row spacing of 3X 10cm, spraying root fixing water after cutting, and building a white plastic arch shed to facilitate heat preservation and moisture preservation, and taking attention to watering and moisturizing during seedling raising;
(4) And (3) breeding mesona chinensis seedlings, namely after mesona chinensis is harvested, leaving a perennial root, building a plastic arch shed for overwintering, and performing water and fertilizer management during overwintering. Selecting robust branches sprouting from perennial roots as cutting mother spikes in 3 months 5-3 months 15 days, trimming the mother spikes into cutting spikes with the length of about 5cm, 2 leaves on the upper section and no leaves on the lower section, holding the upper section by an index finger and a thumb after the cutting spikes are treated by using indolyl naphthalene acetic acid rooting agents, inserting the upper section into a seedling raising tray with 72 holes filled with sandy loam, spraying root fixing water after cutting, building a white plastic tunnel to preserve heat and moisture, and taking care of watering and moisture during seedling raising;
(5) Planting radix Puerariae, namely planting radix Puerariae in Ge Chongmiao days of 3 months 15 days-3 months 25 days, placing the black film plastic bags with the bottom length of 30cm in the middle of the ridge after the fine soil of the planting land is 18-20cm in height, namely, the plastic bag opening is downward, sealing the bag opening, transplanting and planting radix Puerariae seedlings on two sides of the plastic bag bottom, 1 seedling on each side, and spraying root fixing water after transplanting, wherein the distance between each plastic bag is 70 cm;
(6) Planting mesona chinensis, namely pouring 300 times of water-soluble potassium-based compound fertilizer of Pasteur ace-plant and potassium-based compound fertilizer on seedlings 1 week before planting, covering black films on two sides of a planting ridge of the powder Ge Dekuai for 4 months and 15 days to plant mesona chinensis seedlings, and pouring enough root setting water after transplanting;
(7) The fertilization comprises the steps of carrying out first topdressing after 45-50 days of mesona chinensis is transplanted, carrying out hole application respectively in the middle of mesona chinensis plant spacing and in the middle of pachyrhizua angulatus planting bag spacing, carrying out second topdressing after 40 days after the first topdressing, and carrying out mulching film uncovering before topdressing, wherein the type, method and dosage of topdressing are the same as those of the first topdressing. The third topdressing is that after the mesona chinensis is picked, the pachyrhizua angulatus topdressing is carried out in the middle ten days of 8 months, the topdressing is carried out in the same kind as the previous two times, and the dosage is 50kg/667m 2;
(8) The field management, namely manually weeding at regular intervals without spraying any herbicide, carrying out vine guiding by using powder Ge Chagan, topping and seedling controlling, and selecting kudzuvine root with outcrop;
(9) The pest control comprises fewer pest and disease damages of the pachyrhizua angulatus, mainly rust diseases and small land tigers, wherein 1000 times of liquid of 70% mancozeb wettable powder and 15% of triamcinolone acetosa wettable powder can be used for spray control at the initial stage of rust diseases, 1 time of spraying every 20 days and 2-3 times of spraying, the small land tigers mainly harm seedlings and can be sprayed with 800 times of liquid of 90% trichlorfon, the mesona chinensis diseases can be sprayed with thiabendazole and chlorothalonil to prevent the occurrence of fungal diseases and bacterial diseases, and the high-chlorine emamectin benzoate can be used for controlling the harm of prodenia litura, white butterfly and the like;
(10) Harvesting, namely harvesting after transplanting and planting the mesona chinensis for 120 days, harvesting the overground parts of the mesona chinensis in 8 months 5 days to 8 months 15 days, and harvesting underground tuberous roots of the pachyrhizua angulatus in 12 months 10 days to 1 month 10 days of the next year.
In the invention, the following components are added:
The base fertilizer in the step (2) is a new-state organic fertilizer (organic matters 70%, total content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 6%, content of functional bacteria is 6 hundred million/g, pH 7.0), 200kg/667m 2, a calcium, magnesium and phosphorus soil conditioner (P 2O5≥16％,MgO≥2％,CaO≥15％),50kg/667m2; basfuja super potassium sulfate (total nutrient of N-P 2O5-K2 O is more than or equal to 45%, and content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 15%) compound fertilizer, and40 kg/667m 2.
The variety of the radix puerariae lobatae in the step (3) is Teng County local small She Fenge.
The radix puerariae seedling in the step (5) is a seedling which is bred by cutting radix puerariae vines, the length of the sprouted leaf buds of the vine vines is 2-3cm, and the seedling is transplanted just before root sprouting or root growth.
The black film is covered on two sides of the powder Ge Long in time after the powder Ge Chongmiao is transplanted and watered thoroughly so as to preserve soil, fertilizer and moisture, and the mesona chinensis seedlings are soil-bearing seedlings produced by plug cutting, namely root soil clusters are not scattered.
The powder Ge Chagan in the step (8) is used for guiding vines, wherein when the kudzu vine is 15cm high, only 1 main seedling is reserved, other lateral buds are removed, and when the main seedling is 50cm high, bamboo poles with the thickness of 5cm and the length of 2m are inserted at two sides of the kudzu vine in a staggered manner, and the kudzu vine is guided to the upper poles.
And (3) topping and seedling control, wherein the topping and seedling control is that all lateral vines below 1.5m of the main arrowroot are removed, topping is carried out when the lateral vines above 1.5m are in the trunk Ge Miaochang-2 m, topping is carried out when lateral buds grow to 30cm, and bud picking is carried out 1 time every 15 days.
The step (8) of outcrop arrowroot selection is to open a black plastic planting bag after the top of a trunk arrowroot is cut for 10 days, expose arrowroot, leave 2-3 arrowroot for each plant after 10 days of outcrop, cut off fibrous roots and oblique root tuber growing horizontally by a knife, leave arrowroot for the second time after 20 days of first time, and the method is the same as the first time, and leave arrowroot in sunny morning or evening.
And (3) harvesting the upper part of the mesona chinensis benth in the step (10), namely harvesting the upper part of the mesona chinensis benth at a position 2cm away from the ground, and preventing the harvesting part from carrying with soil.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
Firstly, the arrowroot is a long-stalk plant with a deep light preference and a straight root system, the mesona chinensis is a short-stalk plant with a half creeping and shallow root system, and the planting method of the invention is used for intercropping the arrowroot and the mesona chinensis, and the composite planting is carried out in a high-low collocation mode, so that the utilization rate of the light energy in the three-dimensional space is fully improved;
secondly, the growth period of the pachyrhizua angulatus is relatively longer, the crown width of plants in the early growth period is not large, the bare ground with more sides of the planting ridge can be used for planting the medicinal plant mesona chinensis with shorter growth period, and the soil reseeding index is further improved;
Thirdly, the bean starch Ge Dajia is used for guiding the vine to provide a certain shading environment for the late growth of the bean jelly, so that the burning phenomenon of the leaf blades in the late growth stage of the bean jelly caused by strong light exposure is prevented, meanwhile, the ground growth of the bean jelly is covered by the bean jelly, the soil moisture content of the bean jelly is increased, the field weed growth is inhibited, the use of chemical herbicide is avoided, and the bean jelly and the bean starch are respectively used as required, so that the soil quality is improved and the quality of cultivated plant products is improved;
fourth, the root nodule rate of the root nodule bacteria of the plants of the subfamily butterfly flower in the leguminous plants is up to more than 90%, the root nodule bacteria have stronger biological nitrogen fixation effect, a certain nitrogen nutrition is just provided for the growth of the overground parts of the mesona chinensis, meanwhile, the mesona chinensis is intercropped on the two sides of the ridge of the root nodule bacteria, the problem of land competition between the mesona chinensis and grains is solved, fertilizer investment is saved, the problem of shortage of the mesona chinensis raw materials required by enterprise production is solved, and finally the planting benefit of unit land area is improved.
[ Description of the drawings ]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the growth state of a method for intercropping radix Puerariae and herba mesonae chinensis according to an experimental example of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a close-up view showing the growth state of a method for intercropping Pueraria thomsonii and mesona chinensis according to the experimental example of the invention.
[ Detailed description ] of the invention
The following describes the invention in more detail with reference to examples.
Example 1:
A method for intercropping radix puerariae and mesona chinensis comprises the following steps:
(1) Selecting planting land, namely selecting weak acidic to neutral sandy loam or loam with good water source condition, sufficient sunlight, deep soil layer and loose and fertile soil, and not selecting continuous cropping land;
(2) Soil preparation and ridging, namely, after soil turning, soil loosening and raking are carried out by a tractor cultivator 1 month before planting, a base fertilizer is put, ditching and ridging are carried out, the width of a ridge base is 120cm, the height of the ridge is 60cm, the width of a drain ditch bottom between ridges is 40cm, and the properties of the ridged ridge are in a tortoiseshell shape with narrow upper part and wide lower part;
(3) Picking powder Ge Shi, selecting middle rattan with full strong bud eyes as seed stems, burying with wet sand, covering straw on the upper part for moisturizing, picking up the seed stems for 2 months and 23 days, trimming into 7 cm-long cuttings with 1 bud eye, wherein the length above the buds is about 1/3 and the length below the buds is about 2/3 when cutting the stems;
(4) Collecting mesona chinensis, leaving perennial roots, building a plastic arch shed, performing water and fertilizer management during overwintering, selecting robust branches sprouting from the perennial roots as cutting mother spikes in 3 months and 5 days, trimming the mother spikes into cutting spikes with the length of about 5cm and 2 leaves on the upper section and no leaves on the lower section, after the cutting spikes are treated by using an indolyl naphthalene acetic acid rooting agent, holding the upper section by an index finger and a thumb, inserting the cutting spikes into a seedling raising hole tray with 72 holes filled with sandy loam, spraying root fixing water after cutting, building a white plastic arch shed for heat preservation and moisture preservation, and taking care of watering and moisture preservation during seedling raising;
(5) Planting radix Puerariae, namely planting radix Puerariae in powder Ge Chongmiao days for 3 months, placing the radix Puerariae in black film plastic bags with the bottom length of 30cm and the fine soil height of the planting land of 18cm in the middle of the ridge, namely, the plastic bag opening is downward without sealing the bag opening, transplanting and planting radix Puerariae seedlings on two sides of the bottom of the plastic bag, 1 seedling on each side, and spraying enough root fixing water after transplanting at the distance of 70cm for each plastic bag;
(6) Planting herba mesonae chinensis, namely pouring 300 times of water-soluble potassium sulfate compound fertilizer into seedlings 1 week before planting, covering black films on two sides of a radix puerariae lobatae planting ridge for 4 months and 5 days to cultivate herba mesonae chinensis seedlings, and pouring sufficient root setting water after transplanting, wherein the plant row spacing is 35cm multiplied by 40 cm;
(7) The fertilization comprises the steps of carrying out first topdressing after 45 days of mesona chinensis is transplanted, carrying out hole fertilization respectively in the middle of the mesona chinensis plant spacing and in the middle of the pachyrhizua angulatus planting bag spacing, and carrying out second topdressing according to 40kg/667m 2, carrying out mulching film uncovering after 40 days after the first topdressing, wherein the type, method and dosage of topdressing are the same as those of the first topdressing, and carrying out pachyrhizua angulatus topdressing in 8 months after the mesona chinensis is harvested, wherein the type of topdressing is the same as that of the first two times, and the hole fertilization is carried out with the dosage of 50kg/667m 2;
(8) The field management, namely manually weeding at regular intervals without spraying any herbicide, carrying out vine guiding by using powder Ge Chagan, topping and seedling controlling, and selecting kudzuvine root with outcrop;
(9) The pest control comprises fewer pest and disease damages of the pachyrhizua angulatus, mainly rust diseases and small land tigers, wherein 1000 times of liquid of 70% mancozeb wettable powder and 15% of triamcinolone acetosa wettable powder can be used for spray control at the initial stage of rust diseases, 1 time of spraying every 20 days and 2-3 times of spraying, the small land tigers mainly harm seedlings and can be sprayed with 800 times of liquid of 90% trichlorfon, the mesona chinensis diseases can be sprayed with thiabendazole and chlorothalonil to prevent the occurrence of fungal diseases and bacterial diseases, and the high-chlorine emamectin benzoate can be used for controlling the harm of prodenia litura, white butterfly and the like;
(10) Harvesting, namely harvesting the aerial parts of the mesona chinensis benth after transplanting and planting for 120 days, harvesting the aerial parts of the mesona chinensis benth for 8 months and 5 days, and harvesting underground tuberous roots of the pachyrhizua angulatus for 12 months and 10 days.
Example 2:
A method for intercropping radix puerariae and mesona chinensis comprises the following steps:
(1) The planting land block was selected in the same manner as in example 1;
(2) Soil preparation and ridging, namely, after soil turning, soil loosening and raking are carried out by a tractor cultivator 1 month before planting, a base fertilizer is put, ditching and ridging are carried out, the width of a ridge base is 130cm, the height of the ridge is 65cm, the width of a drain ditch bottom between ridges is 50cm, and the properties of the ridged ridge are in a tortoiseshell shape with narrow upper part and wide lower part;
(3) Picking powder Ge Shi, selecting middle rattan with full strong bud eyes as seed stems, burying with wet sand, covering straw on the upper part for moisturizing, digging out the seed stems until 2 months and 28 days, trimming the seed stems into 7.5 cm-long cuttings with 1 bud eye, wherein the length above the buds is about 1/3 and the length below the buds is about 2/3 when the stems are cut, cutting with a plant row spacing of 3X 10cm in a prepared seedbed, spraying root fixing water after cutting, building a white plastic arch shed for heat preservation and moisturizing, and taking care of watering and moisturizing during seedling raising;
(4) Collecting mesona chinensis, leaving perennial roots, building a plastic arch shed, performing water and fertilizer management during overwintering, selecting robust branches sprouting from the perennial roots as cutting mother spikes in 3 months and 10 days, trimming the mother spikes into cutting spikes with the length of about 5cm and 2 leaves on the upper section and no leaves on the lower section, after the cutting spikes are treated by using an indolyl naphthalene acetic acid rooting agent, holding the upper section by an index finger and a thumb, inserting the cutting spikes into a seedling raising hole tray with 72 holes filled with sandy loam, spraying root fixing water after cutting, building a white plastic arch shed for heat preservation and moisture preservation, and taking care of watering and moisture preservation during seedling raising;
(5) Planting radix Puerariae, namely planting radix Puerariae in powder Ge Chongmiao days for 3 months, placing the radix Puerariae in black film plastic bags with the bottom length of 30cm and the fine soil height of the planting land in 19cm, and then inverting the planting land in the middle of the ridge, namely, the plastic bag opening is downward without sealing the bag opening, transplanting and planting radix Puerariae seedlings on two sides of the bottom of the plastic bag, 1 seedling on each side, and spraying enough root fixing water after transplanting at the distance of 70cm for each plastic bag;
(6) Planting herba mesonae chinensis, namely pouring 300 times of water-soluble potassium sulfate compound fertilizer on seedlings 1 week before planting, covering black films on two sides of a powder Ge Dekuai planting ridge for planting herba mesonae chinensis seedlings on 4 months and 10 days, and pouring sufficient root setting water after transplanting;
(7) The fertilization comprises the steps of carrying out first topdressing after the mesona chinensis is transplanted for 47 days, carrying out hole fertilization respectively in the middle of the mesona chinensis plant spacing and in the middle of the pachyrhizua angulatus planting bag spacing, carrying out second topdressing 40 days after the first topdressing, carrying out mulching film uncovering before topdressing, wherein the type, method and dosage of topdressing are the same as those of the first topdressing;
(8) The field management is the same as in example 1;
(9) Pest control is the same as in example 1;
(10) Harvesting, namely harvesting the aerial parts of the mesona chinensis in 120 days after transplanting and planting the mesona chinensis, and harvesting the underground tuberous roots of the pachyrhizua angulatus in 12 months and 25 days.
Example 3:
A method for intercropping radix puerariae and mesona chinensis comprises the following steps:
(1) The planting land block was selected in the same manner as in example 1;
(2) Soil preparation and ridging, namely, after soil turning, soil loosening and raking are carried out by a tractor cultivator 1 month before planting, ditching and ridging are carried out after base fertilizer is put, the width of a ridge base is 140cm, the height of the ridge is 70cm, the width of a drain ditch bottom between ridges is 60cm, and the properties of the ridged ridge are in a tortoiseshell shape with narrow upper part and wide lower part;
(3) Picking powder Ge Shi, selecting middle rattan with full strong bud eyes as seed stems, burying with wet sand, covering straw on the upper part for moisturizing, digging out the seed stems for trimming into 8 cm-long cuttings with 1 bud eye for 3 months and 5 days, cutting the stems to form 1/3 length above the buds and 2/3 length below the buds, cutting the prepared seedbed at a plant row spacing of 3X 10cm, spraying root setting water after cutting, building a white plastic arch shed for heat preservation and moisturizing, and taking care of watering and moisturizing during seedling raising;
(4) Collecting mesona chinensis, leaving perennial roots, building a plastic arch shed, performing water and fertilizer management during overwintering, selecting robust branches sprouting from the perennial roots as cutting mother spikes in 3 months and 15 days, trimming the mother spikes into cutting spikes with the length of about 5cm and 2 leaves on the upper section and no leaves on the lower section, after the cutting spikes are treated by using an indolyl naphthalene acetic acid rooting agent, holding the upper section by an index finger and a thumb, inserting the cutting spikes into a seedling raising hole tray with 72 holes filled with sandy loam, spraying root fixing water after cutting, building a white plastic arch shed for heat preservation and moisture preservation, and taking care of watering and moisture preservation during seedling raising;
(5) Planting radix Puerariae, namely planting radix Puerariae in powder Ge Chongmiao days for 3 months, placing the radix Puerariae in black film plastic bags with the bottom length of 30cm and the fine soil height of the planting land in 20cm, and then inverting the planting land in the middle of the ridge, namely, the plastic bag opening is downward without sealing the bag opening, transplanting and planting radix Puerariae seedlings on two sides of the bottom of the plastic bag, 1 seedling on each side, and spraying enough root fixing water after transplanting at the distance of 70cm for each plastic bag;
(6) Planting herba mesonae chinensis, namely pouring 300 times of water-soluble potassium sulfate compound fertilizer on seedlings 1 week before planting, covering black films on two sides of a powder Ge Dekuai planting ridge for planting herba mesonae chinensis seedlings on 4 months and 15 days, and pouring sufficient root setting water after transplanting;
(7) The fertilization comprises the steps of carrying out first topdressing after the mesona chinensis is transplanted for 50 days, carrying out hole fertilization respectively in the middle of the mesona chinensis plant spacing and in the middle of the pachyrhizua angulatus planting bag spacing, carrying out second topdressing 40 days after the first topdressing, carrying out mulching film uncovering before topdressing, wherein the type, method and dosage of topdressing are the same as those of the first topdressing;
(8) The field management is the same as in example 1;
(9) Pest control is the same as in example 1;
(10) Harvesting, namely harvesting the aerial parts of the mesona chinensis benth after transplanting and planting for 120 days, harvesting the aerial parts of the mesona chinensis benth for 8 months and 15 days, and harvesting underground tuberous roots of the pachyrhizua angulatus for 1 month and 10 days of the next year.
Experimental example 1 influence of intercropping method on mesona chinensis
Experimental group 1. Intercropping method according to example 1 of the present invention.
The control group 1 is prepared by singly planting mesona chinensis, the width of the planting ridge surface is 140cm, the height is 30cm, the width of the drainage ditch is 40cm, and the rest measures are the same as those of the example 1.
In 2021, planting is performed in Guangxi Teng County and village-and-town woody sandy loam land block dividing experimental groups and control groups, land preparation, seedling raising, transplanting, field management, pest control and harvesting are performed according to the measure steps described in example 1, and index data statistics such as production cost, yield value, net income and the like are performed, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 influence of intercropping methods on mesona chinensis
In the invention, the single plant yield and dry weight of the mesona chinensis in the experimental group 1 are higher than those in the control group 1, which indicates that the mesona chinensis growing mode is favorable for the mesona chinensis plant growth. In the growth process of mesona chinensis, the growth vigor of mesona chinensis plants of the experimental group 1 and the control group 1 is observed, the mesona chinensis leaves are not burnt in the intercropping mode, the quantity of the leaves falling in the later growth period is less than that of the control group 1, the quantity of the leaves falling in the control group 1 is less than that of the control group 1, the leaves are burnt due to 7 months of hot sunlight direct irradiation, photosynthesis and nutrient absorption of the leaves are affected, and finally the leaves fall, so that the yield and quality of the mesona chinensis are affected to a certain extent. As can be seen from table 1, the net mu yield of experimental group 1 is 5010 yuan, while control group 1 is 1931 yuan only, which indicates that the planting mode of the Chinese mesona herb intercropped with the pachyrhizua angulatus remarkably improves the planting yield of the unit land area.
Experimental example 2 influence of intercropping method on Pueraria lobata
Experimental group 2. Intercropping method according to example 2 of the present invention.
Control group 2 powder Ge Shan was prepared and the procedure was carried out as in example 2.
In 2021, planting was performed in the experimental group and the control group of Guangxi Teng County and the village sandy clay loam land block division of the peace wood, soil preparation, seedling raising, transplanting, field management, pest control and harvesting were performed according to the steps of the measures described in example 1, and index data statistics such as production cost, yield value, net income were performed, and the results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 influence of intercropping methods on Pueraria thomsonii
In the invention, the fresh weight of the single plant yield of the radix puerariae in the experimental group 2 is higher than that in the control group 2, which indicates that the intercropping mesona chinensis mode of the radix puerariae is beneficial to the growth of the flour Ge Zhizhu and promotes the expansion of the underground tuberous root of the plant. By observing the growth vigor of the wheat flour Ge Zhizhu in the experimental group 2 and the control group 2, the mesona chinensis in the intercropping mode is found to increase the soil ground coverage, not only inhibit the growth of weeds in the field, but also facilitate the maintenance of soil moisture and soil porosity, increase the soil biodiversity and the space light energy utilization rate, and promote the growth of the root systems of the wheat flour and the expansion of root tubers. As can be seen from table 2, the net income per mu of experimental group 2 is 5359 yuan, while control group 2 is 1970 yuan only, which shows that the planting mode of the Chinese mesona herb intercropped with the radix puerariae obviously improves the planting income per unit land area.
The total mu yield value of the intercropping mesona chinensis in the pueraria thomsonii of the embodiment 3 of the invention is 9970 yuan, and the mu net income is 4790 yuan. Wherein, the arrowroot is planted into 700 plants per mu, the fresh weight of the single plant is 3.6kg, the mu yield is 2520kg, the mu yield value is 7560 yuan, the mesona chinensis is planted into 1500 plants per mu, the dry weight of the single plant is 0.189kg, the mu yield dry weight is 283.5kg, and the mu yield value is 2410 yuan.
Summarizing:
According to the planting method for intercropping of the Chinese yam and the mesona chinensis, in the embodiment 1-3, the total yield per mu is 9970-10619 yuan, the net per mu income is 4790-5359 yuan, wherein 700-900 plants are planted per mu of the Chinese yam, the fresh weight of the single plant is 2.7-3.6kg, the per mu yield is 2430-2640kg, the per mu yield is 7290-7920 yuan, 1500-2000 plants are planted per mu of the mesona chinensis, the dry weight of the single plant is 0.180-0.189kg, the dry weight of the per mu yield is 283.5-360kg, and the per mu yield is 2410-3060 yuan.
The foregoing description is directed to the preferred and practical embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and all equivalent changes or modifications made under the technical spirit of the present invention should be construed to fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for intercropping radix puerariae and mesona chinensis benth is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Selecting a planting land, namely selecting weak acidic to neutral sandy loam or loam with good water source condition, sufficient sunlight, deep soil layer and loose and fertile soil, and not selecting continuous cropping land;
(2) Soil preparation and ridging, namely, after soil turning, soil loosening and raking are carried out by a tractor cultivator 1 month before planting, a base fertilizer is put, ditching and ridging are carried out, the width of a ridge base is 120-140cm, the height of the ridge is 60-70cm, the bottom width of a drainage ditch between ridges is 40-60cm, and the properties of the ridged ridge are in a tortoiseshell shape with narrow upper part and wide lower part;
(3) Picking powder Ge Shi, selecting middle rattan with full strong bud eyes as seed stems, burying with wet sand, covering the upper part with straw for moisturizing, digging out the seed stems for trimming into 7-8cm long cuttings with 1 bud eye for 2 months to 3 months and 5 days, taking 1/3 length above the buds and 2/3 length below the buds when cutting the stems, cutting in a prepared seedbed with plant row spacing of 3X 10cm, pouring root fixing water after cutting, building a white plastic arch shed for facilitating heat preservation and moisturizing, and taking care of watering and moisturizing during seedling raising;
(4) The seedling breeding of mesona chinensis comprises the steps of collecting mesona chinensis, leaving perennial roots, building a plastic arch shed for overwintering, performing water and fertilizer management during overwintering, selecting robust branches sprouting from the perennial roots as cutting mother spikes in 3 months 5 days to 3 months 15 days, trimming the mother spikes into cutting spikes with the length of 5cm and 2 leaves on the upper section and no leaves on the lower section, after the cutting spikes are treated by using an indolyl naphthalene acetic acid rooting agent, holding the upper section by an index finger and a thumb, inserting the upper section into a seedling tray of 72 holes filled with sandy loam, spraying root fixing water after cutting, building a white plastic arch shed for heat preservation and moisture preservation, and taking attention for watering and moisture preservation during seedling cultivation;
(5) Planting radix Puerariae, namely planting radix Puerariae in Ge Chongmiao days of 3 months 15 days-3 months 25 days, placing the black film plastic bags with the bottom length of 30cm in the middle of the ridge after the fine soil of the planting land is 18-20cm in height, namely, the plastic bag opening is downward, sealing the bag opening, transplanting and planting radix Puerariae seedlings on two sides of the plastic bag bottom, 1 seedling on each side, and spraying root fixing water after transplanting, wherein the distance between each plastic bag is 70 cm;
(6) Planting mesona chinensis, namely pouring 300 times of water-soluble potassium-based compound fertilizer of Pasteur ace-plant and potassium-based compound fertilizer on seedlings 1 week before planting, covering black films on two sides of a planting ridge of the powder Ge Dekuai for 4 months and 15 days to plant mesona chinensis seedlings, and pouring enough root setting water after transplanting;
(7) The fertilization comprises the steps of carrying out first topdressing after 45-50 days of mesona chinensis is transplanted, carrying out hole fertilization respectively in the middle of mesona chinensis plant spacing and in the middle of the pachyrhizua angulatus planting bag spacing, carrying out second topdressing according to 40kg/667m 2, carrying out second topdressing 40 days after the first topdressing, carrying out mulching film uncovering before topdressing, wherein the type, method and dosage of the topdressing are the same as those of the first topdressing, and carrying out pachyrhizua angulatus topdressing 8 months after mesona chinensis harvesting in the third topdressing, wherein the type of the topdressing is the same as that of the first two times, and the hole fertilization is carried out, and the dosage of the topdressing is 50kg/667m 2;
(8) The field management, namely manually weeding at regular intervals without spraying any herbicide, carrying out vine guiding by using powder Ge Chagan, topping and seedling controlling, and selecting kudzuvine root with outcrop;
(9) The pest control comprises the steps of rust disease and cutworm of the pest control of the arrowroot, spraying and controlling 1000 times of liquid of 70% mancozeb wettable powder and 1000 times of liquid of 15% mancozeb wettable powder at the initial stage of rust disease, spraying medicine for 1 time every 20 days and continuously spraying 2-3 times, damaging seedlings of the cutworm, spraying 800 times of liquid of 90% trichlorfon, spraying thiabendazole and chlorothalonil on mesona to prevent fungal and bacterial diseases, and using high-chlorine emamectin benzoate to prevent and control prodenia litura and powdery mildew;
(10) Harvesting, namely harvesting after transplanting and planting the mesona chinensis for 120 days, harvesting the overground parts of the mesona chinensis in 8 months 5 days to 8 months 15 days, and harvesting underground tuberous roots of the pachyrhizua angulatus in 12 months 10 days to 1 month 10 days of the next year.
2. The method for intercropping radix puerariae and mesona chinensis according to claim 1, wherein the base fertilizer in the step (2) is:
The organic fertilizer in a new state contains 70% of organic matters, 6% of total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, 6 hundred million/g of functional flora, pH7.0 and 200kg/667m 2 of dosage;
The calcium-magnesium-phosphorus soil conditioner has the advantages that P 2O5 is more than or equal to 16%, mgO is more than or equal to 2%, caO is more than or equal to 15%, and the dosage is 50kg/667m 2;
the total nutrient of the Pasteur ace potassium sulfate and the total nutrient of N-P 2O5-K2 O is more than or equal to 45 percent, and the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 15 percent respectively, and the dosage is 40kg/667m 2.
3. The method of interplanting Pueraria lobata and Mesona chinensis according to claim 1, wherein the Pueraria lobata in step (3) is selected from Teng County local area She Fenge.
4. The method for intercropping radix Puerariae and herba mesonae chinensis according to claim 1, wherein the radix Puerariae seedling in step (5) is a seedling obtained by cutting and propagating radix Puerariae, and the length of the germinated leaf bud of caulis seu radix Puerariae is 2-3cm, and is transplanted immediately before root germination or no root growth.
5. The method for intercropping radix puerariae and mesona chinensis according to claim 1, wherein the black film in the step (6) is timely covered on two sides of the powder Ge Long after the powder Ge Chongmiao is transplanted and watered thoroughly to preserve soil, fertilizer and moisture, and the mesona chinensis seedlings are soil-bearing seedlings produced by plug cutting, namely root soil clusters are not scattered.
6. The method for intercropping radix Puerariae and herba mesonae chinensis according to claim 1, wherein the vine guiding of the powder Ge Chagan in step (8) is performed by retaining 1 main seedling when the height of the radix Puerariae seedling is 15cm, removing other lateral buds, and inserting bamboo stems with the thickness of 5cm and the length of 2m at two sides of the radix Puerariae seedling in a staggered manner when the height of the main seedling is 50 cm.
7. The method of interplanting Pueraria thomsonii and mesona chinensis according to claim 1, wherein the topping and seedling control in the step (8) is that all lateral vines below 1.5m of the main Pueraria thomsonii are removed, the lateral vines above 1.5m are topping when the main trunk Ge Miaochang to 2m, and then topping when lateral buds grow to 30cm, and plastering buds 1 time every 15 days.
8. The method for intercropping radix Puerariae and herba mesonae chinensis according to claim 1, wherein the outcrop radix Puerariae in step (8) is obtained by removing black plastic planting bag after the top of the main radix Puerariae seedling is cut for 10 days, exposing radix Puerariae head, leaving 2-3 radix Puerariae after the outcrop for 10 days, cutting off horizontally grown fibrous root and oblique root tuber with knife, and leaving radix Puerariae for the second time after 20 days, wherein the method is the same as the first time, and the radix Puerariae is left in the morning or evening in sunny days.
9. The method of interplanting of radix Puerariae and herba mesonae chinensis according to claim 1, wherein the step (10) is to harvest the upper part of the herba mesonae chinensis in a position 2cm away from the ground to prevent the harvested part from carrying soil.
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| CN109511535A (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2019-03-26 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院生物技术研究所 | A kind of dendrobium candidum bionic cultivation method |
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| CN109511535A (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2019-03-26 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院生物技术研究所 | A kind of dendrobium candidum bionic cultivation method |
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