CN115868289A - A greening method of soil spraying on loose rocky geological slopes - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of greening construction, and provides a greening method for spraying foreign soil on a loose rock geological slope. The method of the invention comprises several steps of slope cleaning, soil screening, matrix preparation, slope wetting, spraying operation, slope covering and maintenance management. The method of the invention can effectively solve the problem of greening and restoration of loose rock geological slopes, has the remarkable characteristics of simplicity and convenience, high survival rate, saving engineering cost and shortening construction period, and can meet the requirements of environmental protection, water and soil conservation, and ecological restoration of temporary land. It achieves the purpose of protecting and utilizing vegetation and surface soil resources, and provides a safe, economical and effective construction method for slope greening construction under slate geological conditions in mountainous areas.

Description

A greening method of soil spraying on loose rocky geological slopes

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of greening construction, in particular to a greening method for spraying foreign soil on loose rock geological slopes.

Background technique

Guangxi and Guizhou are located in the southwest of China and belong to the karst landform group. Most mountain slopes are exposed slate after excavation, and the rock strata are relatively broken. Most of the protection forms are frame beam protection. Good for plant growth. The traditional greening method is planting bags, in which non-woven fabrics containing seeds and fertilizers are fully attached to special PVC mesh bags, and then the bags are filled with planting soil, lifted to the slope, and stacked manually. This form of protection has a lot of piled soil, which increases the force load of the frame beam, which is not conducive to structural safety, and the safety risk of manual operation is high, and the construction efficiency is slow. The foreign soil spraying process is convenient in construction and high in efficiency, which can effectively solve this series of problems. The foreign soil spraying is to establish a substrate layer on the rock slope, so that the growth of plants will not be eroded, and then spray seeds on the substrate layer, and achieve the purpose of later vegetation restoration after maintenance. The selection and ratio of spraying materials are mainly composed of soil, organic matter, chemical fertilizers, water retaining agents, binders, pH buffers, etc.

Compared with the traditional planting bag greening, the greening of the expressway slope with foreign soil spraying has great advantages. First, the volume of the sprayed matrix is small, which greatly reduces the force load on the slope and increases the structural safety; second, reduces the frequency of vertical transportation and reduces the safety risk caused by lifting; third, the utilization rate of machinery is high , the overall cost is low; fourth, it can be replanted at any time, the later maintenance and management are convenient and the cost is low.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a method for spraying greening of loose rocky geological slopes, which can effectively solve the problem of greening and restoration of loose rocky geological slopes. The remarkable characteristics of the construction period can meet the requirements of environmental protection, water and soil conservation, and ecological restoration of temporary land, and achieve the purpose of protection and utilization of vegetation and topsoil resources. Economical and effective construction method.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

The invention provides a method for greening afforestation with foreign soil spraying on a loose rocky geological slope, comprising the following steps:

(1) Slope cleaning: The slope surface should be straight, smooth and stable before the greening construction with guest soil spraying, and the slope should be fully cleaned from top to bottom, pumice and dangerous stones on the slope surface should be removed, and the protruding slope should be cleaned. Level the surface, and fill the woven bag with culture soil on the slope surface that is concave to a large extent, so as to ensure that the unevenness of the working surface before the construction of guest soil spraying is within the range of ±10cm;

(2) Soil screening: select the local cultivated soil and sieve it with a sieve;

(3) Substrate preparation: the first substrate preparation: in the sieved soil per square meter, add the following components: 0.04-0.06kg of compound fertilizer, 0.4-0.6kg of binder, 0.01-0.03kg of trace elements, 0.01-0.02kg of water-retaining agent, 5-7kg of fiber, 1-2kg of rice husk, 20-30kg of water, and preparation of the second substrate: In the sieved soil per square meter, add the following components: compound fertilizer 0.04- 0.06kg, binder 0.4~0.6kg, trace element 0.01~0.03kg, water retaining agent 0.01~0.02kg, fiber 5~7kg, rice husk 1~2kg, seed 0.1~0.2kg, water 20~30kg;

(4) Wet slope surface: Sprinkle 2-4L/m ² water on the slope surface before spraying, keep the slope surface moist, and spray after there is no obvious water trace;

(5) Sowing operation: first spray the first substrate in the step (3), and spray the second substrate in the step (3) at an interval of 15 to 25 minutes after spraying;

(6) Slope surface coverage: After the spraying operation is completed, cover the spraying surface from top to bottom;

(7) Maintenance and management: Spray water on the slope in time according to the weather conditions to ensure that the slope is always kept moist before the grass seed emerges and during the growth stage of the seedlings. The amount is 1-2L/m ² , and the cover is removed when the grass seedlings grow to a height of 4-5cm, and the dead and injured seedlings are replanted in time during the maintenance period to ensure that the slope vegetation coverage rate reaches 90-96%.

Preferably, the soil property of the cultivated soil in step (2) is loose and not compacted, the pH value of the cultivated soil is 5.5-8.5, and the salt content of the cultivated soil is ≤0.3%.

Preferably, the mesh diameter of the sieve in step (2) is 10-20mm.

Preferably, the compound fertilizer described in step (3) is nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, and the content ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer is 4～1:3～1:1～0.4, and the The adhesive is a special adhesive for slope greening, the special adhesive for slope greening includes high molecular weight polyacrylamide composite, the trace elements include iron, copper, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, boron, and the water retention The agent includes polyacrylamide soil water-retaining agent, the fiber includes sawdust or rice straw, and the seeds include shrub seeds and/or herbaceous seeds, and the shrub seeds include indigo, edulis, amorpha, horse thorn, The herb seeds include bluegrass, foxtail, bahia, and bermudagrass.

Preferably, in step (5), the spraying thickness of the first substrate is 4-6 cm, and the spraying thickness of the second substrate is 3-5 cm.

Preferably, the spraying operation described in step (5) is carried out using ZKP-60125 sprayer high-pressure equipment. During the spraying process, the nozzle is perpendicular to the sprayed surface, and the distance between the nozzle and the sprayed surface is 0.6-1.2m. Sequence from top to bottom, longitudinal movement in "S" shape.

Preferably, the covering in step (6) is to fix the non-woven fabric on the slope by using steel bars or soil nails.

Preferably, the spraying maintenance described in step (7) adopts atomized watering.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

1. The method of the present invention has a wide range of applications. Due to the use of fiber materials, special adhesives for slope greening, and compound fertilizers, the spraying material can be firmly adsorbed on the exposed slate slope, which can effectively prevent rainwater erosion and seed loss. At the same time, this kind of soil has a stable aggregate structure, water permeability and air permeability, which can provide the best growth environment for plants and form good vegetation.

2. The method of the present invention has high mechanical utilization rate and fast construction speed. Large-scale spraying can be carried out. Compared with the traditional process, it does not need to be hung on the slope surface for construction, and the spraying operation can only be carried out on the slope surface, reducing labor input, reducing the safety risk of operators, and greatly improving the construction efficiency. Safety, reduce construction cost.

3. The method of the present invention adopts ZKP-60125 spraying machine high-pressure equipment to spray and sow. It is driven by a single diesel engine and centralized electronic control. The operation is simple and convenient, and it is especially suitable for field work. The engine power is 125KW; the tank volume is 8m ³ ; the spraying area of a single tank is 160m ² ; the vertical head is 40m, and the head of the introduction pipe can reach 90m. According to the different requirements of spraying distance and coverage area, different types of nozzles are configured to meet the needs of various spraying, and effectively solve the problem of difficult grass planting on high and steep slopes of slate geology. For example, it can be used for close-range spraying. Fan-shaped nozzle, spray in the form of mist.

4. Slope greening is a long-term treatment plan, and it is necessary to let the slope form its own ecology. The invention follows the principles of "adapting measures to local conditions, suitable trees for suitable places, economical and practical, environmentally friendly and efficient". By adjusting the ratio of plant seeds, the combination of fast-growing and slow-growing vegetation can be realized. Fast-growing plants can quickly cover the slope with vegetation and protect the slope from being washed by rain. The roots of slow-growing plants go deep into the slope, which to a certain extent plays the role of anchoring the slope, and realizes the long-term development of vegetation slope protection. At the same time, the configuration of different plants can form a biological chain, improve the stability of the plant community, and effectively reduce future maintenance costs.

5. The method of the present invention selects the following types of plant seeds. Shrubs: Indigo indigo, Rhododendron, Amorpha, and Horsethorn. Herbs: bluegrass, foxtail, bahia grass, bermudagrass. The connection species pairs between the above seeds are extremely significantly correlated, which can effectively improve the relative stability of the plant community and increase the species diversity of the ecosystem. The anti-interference ability of the ecosystem with a complex plant community structure is much greater than that of a single plant community ecosystem. , suitable for long-term greening of rocky slopes with little soil.

6. The method of the present invention is suitable for the construction of mountain slope regreening projects, and is especially suitable for loose rock geological slopes with harsh geological conditions and high and large slope road sections.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only It is an embodiment of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to the provided drawings without creative work.

Fig. 1 is the guest soil spraying process flow chart of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the first substrate spraying that the present invention carries out;

Fig. 3 is the spraying operation process of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the second substrate spraying that the present invention carries out;

Fig. 5 is the slope covering process of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The invention provides a method for greening afforestation with foreign soil spraying on a loose rocky geological slope, comprising the following steps:

(1) Slope cleaning: The slope surface should be straight, smooth and stable before the greening construction with guest soil spraying, and the slope should be fully cleaned from top to bottom, pumice and dangerous stones on the slope surface should be removed, and the protruding slope should be cleaned. Level the surface, and fill the woven bag with culture soil on the slope surface that is concave to a large extent, so as to ensure that the unevenness of the working surface before the construction of guest soil spraying is within the range of ±10cm;

(2) Soil screening: select the local cultivated soil and sieve it with a sieve;

(3) Substrate preparation: the first substrate preparation: in the sieved soil per square meter, add the following components: 0.04-0.06kg of compound fertilizer, 0.4-0.6kg of binder, 0.01-0.03kg of trace elements, 0.01-0.02kg of water-retaining agent, 5-7kg of fiber, 1-2kg of rice husk, 20-30kg of water, and preparation of the second substrate: In the sieved soil per square meter, add the following components: compound fertilizer 0.04- 0.06kg, binder 0.4~0.6kg, trace element 0.01~0.03kg, water retaining agent 0.01~0.02kg, fiber 5~7kg, rice husk 1~2kg, seed 0.1~0.2kg, water 20~30kg;

(4) Wet slope surface: Sprinkle 2-4L/m ² water on the slope surface before spraying, keep the slope surface moist, and spray after there is no obvious water trace;

(5) Sowing operation: first spray the first substrate in the step (3), and spray the second substrate in the step (3) at an interval of 15 to 25 minutes after spraying;

(6) Slope surface coverage: After the spraying operation is completed, cover the spraying surface from top to bottom;

(7) Maintenance and management: Spray water on the slope in time according to the weather conditions to ensure that the slope is always kept moist before the grass seed emerges and during the growth stage of the seedlings. The amount is 1-2L/m ² , and the cover is removed when the grass seedlings grow to a height of 4-5cm, and the dead and injured seedlings are replanted in time during the maintenance period to ensure that the slope vegetation coverage rate reaches 90-96%.

In the present invention, the soil property of the cultivated soil described in step (2) is preferably loose and not compacted, and the pH value of the cultivated soil is preferably 5.5 to 8.5, more preferably 6.5; the salt content of the cultivated soil is The amount is preferably ≤0.3%, more preferably 0.2%.

In the present invention, the sieve hole diameter of the sieve described in step (2) is preferably 10-20mm, more preferably 15mm, and the purpose of sieving is to remove large-grained soil clods and mixed stones, and the sieved soil Prepare the lower cushion and the upper cover to prevent rainwater or sundries from falling in, and use it when waiting for spraying.

In the present invention, the matrix preparation described in the step (3): the first matrix preparation: in the soil sieved per square meter, add the following components: compound fertilizer 0.04～0.06kg, binder 0.4～0.6 kg, 0.01-0.03kg of trace elements, 0.01-0.02kg of water-retaining agent, 5-7kg of fiber, 1-2kg of rice husk, 20-30kg of water, the second matrix preparation: in the sieved soil per square meter, add the following Components used: 0.04-0.06kg compound fertilizer, 0.4-0.6kg binder, 0.01-0.03kg trace element, 0.01-0.02kg water-retaining agent, 5-7kg fiber, 1-2kg rice husk, 0.1-0.2kg seed kg, water 20-30kg, further preferably matrix preparation: the first matrix preparation: in each square meter of sieved soil, add the following components: 0.05kg of compound fertilizer, 0.5kg of adhesive, 0.02kg of trace elements , water-retaining agent 0.015kg, fiber 6kg, rice husk 1.5kg, water 25kg, the second matrix preparation: In the soil that has been screened per square meter, add the following components: compound fertilizer 0.05kg, binder 0.5kg , 0.02kg of trace elements, 0.015kg of water-retaining agent, 6kg of fiber, 1.5kg of rice husk, 0.15kg of seed, and 25kg of water. Among them, adding fiber can avoid soil compaction, increase the bonding of soil on the slope and reduce rainwater The risk of washing away the soil, adding rice husk can increase the space between the soil, form a granule structure, increase the organic matter content, and allow water and air to pass through.

In the present invention, the plant seeds, water, rice husk, fiber, adhesive, fertilizer, trace elements, water retaining agent, etc. are stirred and mixed in a certain proportion, and then sprayed onto the surface of the exposed rock slope by a guest soil sprayer. , thus forming a uniform matrix covering layer. The mulch relies on the interweaving of fibers and the viscosity of the aqueous solution to connect to each other and adhere to the high and steep rock surface, creating good conditions for the growth of primary plants. The added rice husk can form a gap with the soil, avoiding soil compaction, not only preventing soil erosion, but also conserving water and nutrients, fixing and protecting seeds. The spraying substrate is a medium for plant seeds to grow well. Water and air permeability is conducive to promoting the rapid recovery of vegetation, improving the landscape and protecting the environment.

In the present invention, the compound fertilizer described in step (3) is preferably nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, and the content ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer is preferably 4～1:3～1:1～ 0.4, further preferably 3:2:1; the adhesive is preferably a special adhesive for slope greening, and the special adhesive for slope greening preferably includes a high molecular weight polyacrylamide compound, and the trace elements are preferably Including iron, copper, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, boron, more preferably iron, copper, zinc; The water-retaining agent preferably includes polyacrylamide soil water-retaining agent; The fiber preferably includes sawdust or rice straw, and the seed Preferably comprise shrub seeds and/or herbaceous seeds, more preferably the mixture of shrub seeds and herbaceous seeds, said shrub seeds preferably include indigo, edulis, amorpha, horse thorn, said herbaceous seeds preferably include bluegrass, foxtail , bahiagrass, Bermudagrass, the consumption of said indigo and Rhizoma chinensis is independently preferably 1～3g/m ² , more preferably 2g/m ² ; the consumption of said amorpha and horsethorn is independently preferably 2～ 4g/m ² , more preferably 3g/m ² ; the dosage of bluegrass and foxtail is independently preferably 0.5-1.5g/m ² , more preferably 1g/m ² ; the dosage of bahia grass and bermudagrass Independently, it is preferably 1 to 2 g/m ² , more preferably 1.5 g/m ² .

In the present invention, the slope described in step (4) is sprayed with 2 to 4 L/m ² water before spraying, and the slope is kept moist, and the spraying is carried out after there is no obvious water trace, and it is more preferable that the slope is sprayed Sprinkle 3L/m ² water before, keep the slope moist, and spray after there is no obvious water trace.

In the present invention, the first substrate in the step (3) described in step (5) is sprayed first, and the second substrate in the step (3) is sprayed at an interval of 15 to 25 minutes after spraying, and it is more preferred to first spray the substrate For the first substrate in step (3), spray the second substrate in step (3) at an interval of 20 minutes after spraying.

In the present invention, the spraying thickness of the first substrate in step (5) is preferably 4-6 cm, more preferably 5 cm; the spraying thickness of the second substrate is preferably 3-5 cm, more preferably 4 cm.

In the present invention, the spraying operation described in step (5) is preferably carried out using ZKP-60125 type spraying machine high-pressure equipment. During the spraying process, the nozzle is perpendicular to the sprayed surface, and the distance between the nozzle and the sprayed surface is preferably 0.6- 1.2m, more preferably 0.8m; the spraying sequence is from top to bottom, moving longitudinally in an "S" shape. The sprinkler adopts a hydraulic mixing system as a whole, which is easy to use, high in transmission efficiency, easy to maintain and operate. The core pump of the guest soil spraying machine adopts a special pressurized multi-stage pump and a single-stage pump, which can spray viscous materials from the nozzle at high speed. In order to adjust the sedimentation status of particles with different qualities, wood fibers or adhesives and water-retaining agents are added to the mixed slurry to gradually increase the viscosity of the mixed slurry, so that seeds with small specific gravity no longer float, and sand particles with large specific gravity slow down the settling. This is to use the interference settlement phenomenon of solid particles in the high-concentration mixed slurry to obtain the suspended slurry, and achieve the purpose of uniformly spraying seeds and auxiliary materials in the whole process. The ideal state of the mixed slurry falling on the slope is not to form a soil saturated flow, but the solid matter stays on the slope stably.

In the present invention, the covering described in step (6) is preferably to use steel bars or soil nails to fix the non-woven fabric on the slope to prevent the strong wind from blowing away. The non-woven fabric should be tightened to ensure that it can be attached to the slope, but Does not cling to slopes. The purpose of slope covering is to prevent the formed working surface from being washed by rainwater, and to keep heat and moisturize and promote the growth of plants.

In the present invention, according to the weather conditions described in step (7), the slope is sprayed and maintained in time to ensure that the slope is kept moist before the grass seed emerges and the seedling growth stage. Water, the amount of water sprayed each time is 1-2L/m ² , the cover is removed when the grass seedlings grow to a height of 4-5cm, and the dead and injured seedlings are replanted in time during the maintenance period to ensure that the slope vegetation coverage rate reaches 90-96%. , it is further preferred to carry out water spray maintenance on the slope surface in time according to the weather conditions, to ensure that the slope surface is always kept moist before the grass seed emerges and the seedling growth stage, and in the high temperature and dry season, increase the water spray 3 times a day, and the water spray volume for each time is 1.5L /m ² , when the growth height of grass seedlings reaches 5cm, remove the cover, and replant the dead and injured seedlings in time during the maintenance period to ensure that the slope vegetation coverage rate reaches 95%.

In the present invention, the water spraying maintenance described in step (7) preferably adopts atomized watering, and it is strictly forbidden to spray directly with a tap to prevent the loss of foreign soil and grass seeds caused by excessive water.

In the present invention, it is preferable to carry out the spraying construction operation in March to August, November and December every year.

The technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the examples, but they should not be interpreted as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

The construction equipment of this embodiment is as shown in Table 1.

Table 1 List of main equipment and equipment for slope spraying construction

The acceptance criteria for seed spraying are shown in Table 2.

Table 2 Seed spraying acceptance criteria

The acceptance criteria for guest soil spraying are shown in Table 3.

Table 3 Acceptance criteria for guest soil spraying

During the plant growth period, the completion acceptance shall be carried out when the plant growth reaches 60 days.

The completion acceptance of slope spraying greening shall meet the following requirements:

(1) Plant species and sowing season factors should be considered comprehensively, and acceptance should be carried out in combination with plant growth and development stages;

(2) The plant species of the target plant community should reach more than 70% of the designed species.

The completion acceptance of the target plants shall comply with the provisions in Table 4.

Table 4 Purpose Plant Completion Acceptance Criteria

A greening method of soil spraying on a loose rock geological slope, the steps are as follows:

(1) Slope surface cleaning: After the construction of the slope protection structure is completed, the slope should be fully cleaned. Construction personnel should wear safety belts and hang safety ropes. The cleaning work should be carried out from top to bottom to remove pumice and dangerous stones on the slope surface. , and level the more protruding slopes, and remove stones and construction waste that are not conducive to plant growth. The slope does not need to be cleaned to a neat and smooth state. A slightly uneven slope is more suitable for substrate attachment and plant growth. A large concave slope should be filled with some woven bags filled with cultivation soil. Ensure that the concavity and convexity of the working surface before the construction of guest soil spraying are within the range of ±10cm. If conditions permit, a transverse groove can be opened at a certain height on the working surface to increase the roughness of the working surface and increase the adhesion of foreign soil to the working surface;

(2) Soil screening: The soil for spraying is obtained locally, and the local cultivated soil is selected. The soil is loose and not compacted. The soil pH value is 6.5, the salt content is 0.2%, and it is rich in organic humus. The soil is transported to the construction site Stack the soil, crush the soil, and use a sieve with a diameter of 15mm to sieve the soil to remove large-grained soil clods and mixed stones. used during broadcast;

(3) Substrate preparation: The cultivated soil itself contains limited nutrients. In order to ensure the various nutrients needed by plants, it is necessary to add fertilizers and other substances after screening the soil. Preparation of the first substrate: In the sieved soil per square meter, add the following components: NPK compound fertilizer (nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium = 3:2:1) 0.05kg, high molecular weight polyacrylamide compound 0.5kg, trace elements (iron, copper, zinc) 0.02kg, polyacrylamide soil water retaining agent 0.015kg, sawdust 6kg, rice husk 1.5kg, water 25kg, second matrix preparation: in the soil that has been sieved per square meter , add the following components: NPK compound fertilizer (nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium = 3:2:1) 0.05kg, high molecular weight polyacrylamide composite 0.5kg, trace elements (iron, copper, zinc) 0.02kg , polyacrylamide soil water-retaining agent 0.015kg, sawdust 6kg, rice husk 1.5kg, seed (flower and tree blue: branch of sage: amorpha: horsethorn: bluegrass: foxtail: bahia: bermudagrass=2:2: 3:3:1:1:1.5:1.5) 0.15kg, water 25kg;

(4) Wet slope surface: Sprinkle 3L/m ² water on the slope surface before spraying, keep the slope surface moist, and spray after there is no obvious water trace;

(5) Spraying operation: first the first substrate in the spraying step (3), the thickness reaches 5cm, and the second substrate in the spraying step (3) is sprayed at intervals of 20min after spraying, the spraying thickness is controlled at 4cm, and the slope surface The coverage should be uniform, and the spraying machine adopts the ZKP-60125 spraying machine, which should be placed in a suitable position, and then the mixer should be placed near the spraying machine to ensure that it can directly enter the hopper of the spraying machine when unloading. After starting the air compressor and water pump, make the pressure reach 0.3Mpa, then start the mixer to discharge the mixture into the hopper of the sprayer, and finally start the sprayer. When spraying, control the distance and angle between the nozzle and the sprayed surface. The nozzle should be perpendicular to the sprayed surface, and the distance between the nozzle and the sprayed surface should be controlled at 0.8m. The injection sequence is from top to bottom, and moves longitudinally in an "S" shape. The sprayer can adjust the spraying angle and spraying distance according to the pressure of the spraying machine and the geological conditions of the slope. Full attention should be paid to the unevenness and dead corners to ensure that the foreign soil can be evenly sprayed on the slope. Spraying operations cannot be carried out in rainy or windy days;

(6) Slope surface coverage: After the spraying operation is completed, the spraying surface is covered, the purpose of which is to prevent the formed operation surface from being washed by rainwater, and to keep heat and moisturize and promote the growth of plants. When covering, the operator shall cover it sequentially from top to bottom, and fix the non-woven fabric with steel bars or soil nails to prevent the strong wind from blowing away. The non-woven fabric should be tightened to ensure that it can be attached to the slope, but not close to the slope;

(7) Maintenance and management: According to the weather conditions, spray water on the slope for maintenance in time to ensure that the slope is always kept moist before the emergence of grass seeds and during the growth stage of young seedlings. When spraying water for maintenance, use a wet spray machine for atomized watering, and it is strictly forbidden to spray directly with a tap to prevent the erosion of guest soil and grass seeds caused by excessive water volume. In hot and dry seasons, when the ground temperature is high and it is easy to scald the seedlings, water spraying should be increased 3 times a day, and the water spraying volume should be 1.5L/m ² each time. The grass after planting also needs to be maintained and managed, and diseases and pests should be prevented and treated in time. The seedlings are basically ready. Remove the non-woven fabric when the growth height is 5cm. During the maintenance period, the dead and injured seedlings should be replanted in time to ensure that the slope vegetation coverage rate reaches 95%.

Experimental example 1

According to the on-the-spot statistical data comparison of the guest soil spraying construction of laying planting bags and the embodiment of the present invention 1, at the same slope ratio, under the premise that the protective structure is consistent, guest soil spraying saves labor, construction period, and time per unit area than laying planting bags. Lifting costs and planting soil. Combined with relevant data, the average unit area cost comparison is shown in Table 5.

Table 5 Economic benefit analysis of different greening methods

As can be seen from Table 1, compared with the traditional method of laying planting bags, the cost can be significantly reduced by adopting the guest soil spraying method of the present invention.

Experimental example 2

Adopt the greening method described in the embodiment of the present invention 1 to carry out the highway construction project from Leishan, Guizhou Province to Rongjiang Expressway:

Project overview: Section K0+000-K10+560 of the first section of the Leishan-Rongjiang Expressway Project in Guizhou Province. The starting point of the road is connected to the end of the Kaili-Leishan Expressway in Leishan County. The total length is 10.492Km. The project area is located in Yunnan-Guizhou The southeast side of the plateau transitions to the slope platform of the Hunan-Guangxi Hilly Basin. The landform type of the site is an erosion-denudation landform, and the surface is strongly eroded. And so on, the topography fluctuates greatly. There are a total of 65 slopes in the project, including 24 excavated high slopes with a maximum height of 61.11 meters and a total slope protection area of about 43491.8m ² .

Construction status: Through the soil spraying technology, the slate geological slope no longer needs to manually stack soil bags, greatly reducing labor input. The completed slope plants grow well, the root system is developed, and the overall soil consolidation effect is good. After a one-year growth cycle inspection, the indicators such as seedling survival rate, lawn coverage rate and other ground cover plant germination rate are good, and the sub-projects have passed the acceptance at one time and met the design requirements.

Project evaluation: After calculation, the total cost savings: (48.3-25.2) × 43491.84 = 1,004,600 yuan. In the case of many unfavorable factors such as high slope height, steep slope, and difficult vegetation growth environment, the engineering task was completed with quality and quantity by focusing on details, changing plans, and strictly controlling.

In summary, adopting the greening method of the present invention can effectively improve the greening area of the expressway slope, reduce the stress load of the frame beam of the slope, and effectively maintain the water and soil stability of the slope, greatly improving the ecological environment . The guest soil spraying process can prepare geotechnical soil, provide a good growth environment for plants, and ensure the effective survival of plants. At the same time, the present invention effectively solves the problem of slope greening recovery under slate terrain in mountainous areas. The construction is simple and convenient, and the survival rate of plants is high. It can save engineering cost and shorten the construction period, and provides a safe method for slope greening construction under slate conditions in mountainous areas. , Economical and effective construction method.

After adopting the guest soil spraying greening method of the present invention for the loose rocky geological slope, a green passage is formed, which achieves the unity, continuity and harmony of the road landscape and the natural landscape, and solves the problem of difficult greening of the road rocky slope. Since the root system of herbaceous plants can penetrate into the gaps in the slate, it can minimize slope collapse, save maintenance costs, improve traffic safety, and is economical and beautiful. Compared with the vegetable bag, it has obvious economic benefits and aesthetics.

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, and these improvements and modifications can also be made. It should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A method for afforestation with soil spraying on loose rocky geological slopes, characterized in that it comprises the steps: (1) Slope cleaning: The slope surface should be straight, smooth and stable before the greening construction with guest soil spraying, and the slope should be fully cleaned from top to bottom, pumice and dangerous stones on the slope surface should be removed, and the protruding slope should be cleaned. Level the surface, and fill the woven bag with culture soil on the slope surface that is concave to a large extent, so as to ensure that the unevenness of the working surface before the construction of guest soil spraying is within the range of ±10cm; (2) Soil screening: select the local cultivated soil and sieve it with a sieve; (3) Substrate preparation: the first substrate preparation: in the sieved soil per square meter, add the following components: 0.04-0.06kg of compound fertilizer, 0.4-0.6kg of binder, 0.01-0.03kg of trace elements, 0.01-0.02kg of water-retaining agent, 5-7kg of fiber, 1-2kg of rice husk, 20-30kg of water, and preparation of the second substrate: In the sieved soil per square meter, add the following components: compound fertilizer 0.04- 0.06kg, binder 0.4~0.6kg, trace element 0.01~0.03kg, water retaining agent 0.01~0.02kg, fiber 5~7kg, rice husk 1~2kg, seed 0.1~0.2kg, water 20~30kg; (4) Wet slope surface: Sprinkle 2-4L/m ² water on the slope surface before spraying, keep the slope surface moist, and spray after there is no obvious water trace; (5) Sowing operation: first spray the first substrate in the step (3), and spray the second substrate in the step (3) at an interval of 15 to 25 minutes after spraying; (6) Slope surface coverage: After the spraying operation is completed, cover the spraying surface from top to bottom; (7) Maintenance and management: Spray water on the slope in time according to the weather conditions to ensure that the slope is always kept moist before the grass seed emerges and during the growth stage of the seedlings. The amount is 1-2L/m ² , and the cover is removed when the grass seedlings grow to a height of 4-5cm, and the dead and injured seedlings are replanted in time during the maintenance period to ensure that the slope vegetation coverage rate reaches 90-96%. 2. a kind of loose rock geology slope guest soil spraying greening method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the soil property of cultivated soil described in step (2) is loose and not hardened, and the soil property of described cultivated soil The pH value is 5.5-8.5, and the salt content of the cultivated soil is ≤0.3%. 3. A method for afforesting greening of loose rock geological slopes by spraying foreign soil according to claim 1, characterized in that the sieve hole diameter of the sieve in step (2) is 10-20 mm. 4. a kind of loose rock geology slope guest soil spraying greening method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, compound fertilizer described in step (3) is nitrogen phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer, and described nitrogen phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer The content ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the medium is 4-1:3-1:1-0.4, and the adhesive is a special adhesive for slope greening, and the special adhesive for slope greening includes high molecular weight polypropylene Amide composition, the trace elements include iron, copper, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, boron, the water-retaining agent includes polyacrylamide soil water-retaining agent, the fiber includes sawdust or straw chips, and the seeds include shrub seeds And/or herb seeds, the shrub seeds include indigo, clover, amorpha, and horsethorn, and the herb seeds include bluegrass, foxtail, bahia, and bermudagrass. 5. A kind of loose rock geological slope guest soil spraying greening method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the spraying thickness of the first substrate described in step (5) is 4～6cm, and the second The spraying thickness of the substrate is 3-5cm. 6. A kind of loose rock geology slope guest soil spraying greening method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the spraying operation described in step (5) adopts ZKP-60125 type spraying machine high-pressure equipment to carry out, spraying During the sowing process, the nozzle is perpendicular to the sprayed surface, and the distance between the nozzle and the sprayed surface is 0.6 ~ 1.2m. The spraying sequence is from top to bottom, and the longitudinal direction moves in an "S" shape. 7. a kind of loose rock geology side slope guest soil spraying greening method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described in step (6) covers for adopting steel bar or soil nail that non-woven fabric is fixed on the slope surface . 8. A kind of loose rocky geological slope foreign soil spraying greening method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the water spray maintenance in step (7) adopts atomized watering.

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