CN115864559A - Method for charging battery - Google Patents
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- CN115864559A CN115864559A CN202211094530.8A CN202211094530A CN115864559A CN 115864559 A CN115864559 A CN 115864559A CN 202211094530 A CN202211094530 A CN 202211094530A CN 115864559 A CN115864559 A CN 115864559A
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Abstract
A method of charging a battery, comprising the steps of estimating a capacity deterioration coefficient indicating a degree of capacity deterioration of the battery; calculating an age degradation coefficient indicating a degree of age degradation of the battery; and calculating a limit current value based on a smaller one of the capacity degradation coefficient and the age degradation coefficient, and charging the battery at the calculated limit current value.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a method of charging a battery.
Background
Jp 2017-108604 a discloses a method of calculating a maximum charging current value during charging based on a state (usage history, deterioration state) of a battery.
Disclosure of Invention
In the configuration described in japanese patent laid-open No. 2017-108604, the current value at the time of charging is calculated in consideration of the deterioration state of the battery, but it is difficult to accurately grasp the deterioration state of the battery. Therefore, when the estimation error of the battery capacity is large and the estimation accuracy of the capacity deterioration state is low, the charging current value exceeds the allowable current value or the allowable current value is unnecessarily limited in advance, and therefore, there is a possibility that appropriate charging cannot be performed.
The invention provides a battery charging method capable of performing appropriate charging even under the condition of large estimation error of battery capacity.
The invention relates to a method for charging a battery, which comprises the following steps: estimating a capacity degradation coefficient indicating a degree of capacity degradation of the battery; calculating an age degradation coefficient indicating a degree of age degradation of the battery; and calculating a limit current value based on a smaller one of the capacity degradation coefficient and the age degradation coefficient, and charging the battery at the calculated limit current value.
In the present invention, since the charging current value is set using the smaller one of the capacity deterioration coefficient and the age deterioration coefficient, appropriate charging can be performed even when the estimation error of the battery capacity is large. When the estimation error of the battery capacity is large and the capacity degradation coefficient is estimated to be a value larger than the actual degradation state, the limit current value is calculated using the aging degradation coefficient which is a smaller coefficient, so that appropriate charging according to the degradation state of the battery can be performed.
In the above-described battery charging method according to the disclosure, in the step of estimating the capacity degradation coefficient, the capacity degradation coefficient may be estimated based on a capacity maintenance rate obtained based on a value in which an estimation error is reflected on an estimated value of the battery capacity of the battery, and a capacity degradation coefficient map.
The capacity deterioration coefficient map may be a map indicating a relationship between the capacity maintenance rate and the capacity deterioration coefficient.
In the above-described method for charging a battery according to the disclosure, the limiting current value may be calculated based on the age degradation coefficient in the step of charging the battery with the limiting current value until the capacity maintenance rate obtained in the step of estimating the capacity degradation coefficient becomes the capacity maintenance rate at which the estimated value of the battery capacity is 100-X%, when the estimation error of the estimated value of the battery capacity is X%.
Drawings
The features, advantages and technical and industrial significance of exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals represent like elements, and in which:
fig. 1 is a diagram schematically illustrating a charging system in an embodiment.
Fig. 2 is a map showing an allowable current value map in the case where the battery temperature is 25 ℃.
Fig. 3 is a graph showing a relationship between the capacity retention rate and the capacity degradation coefficient when there is no estimation error.
Fig. 4 is a graph showing a relationship between the capacity retention rate and the capacity degradation coefficient at the time of the estimation error X%.
Fig. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the capacity retention rate and the capacity degradation coefficient at the estimation error of 10%.
Fig. 6 is a map showing a relationship between the capacity retention rate and the capacity degradation coefficient reflecting the estimation error of the capacity estimation.
Fig. 7 is a map showing the duration degradation coefficient map.
Fig. 8 is a flowchart illustrating a charging method of a battery.
Fig. 9 is a map showing a case where the capacity degradation coefficient and the duration degradation coefficient are used in combination.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, a method of charging a battery according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described below.
Fig. 1 is a diagram schematically illustrating a charging system in an embodiment. When charging the battery 2, the charging system 1 is in a state in which the battery 2 and the charger 3 are electrically connected. The charging system 1 includes a charging control device 10, and the charging control device 10 controls a charging current value during charging.
The battery 2 is a secondary battery, and is constituted by a lithium ion battery or the like, for example. The battery 2 is a battery pack including a plurality of battery cells. During discharge, the electric power stored in the battery 2 is supplied to a motor or the like. During charging, in the charging system 1, electric power supplied from an external power supply via the charger 3 is stored in the battery 2.
The charger 3 is a device capable of supplying power from an external power supply to the battery 2. When the battery 2 is charged, the charger 3 is attached to a device on which the battery 2 is mounted, and the battery 2 and an external power supply are electrically connected via the charger 3. When the battery 2 is not charged, the charger 3 can be detached from the device on which the battery 2 is mounted.
In the charging system 1, as shown in fig. 1, a second connection unit 31 provided in the charger 3 is connected to a first connection unit 21 provided in a device in which the battery 2 is mounted. The first connection portion 21 is a connection portion on the battery 2 side, and includes a positive electrode side connection portion 21a connected to the positive electrode of the battery 2 and a negative electrode side connection portion 21b connected to the negative electrode of the battery 2. The second connection portion 31 is a connection portion on the charger 3 side, and includes a positive-side connection portion 31a connected to the positive-side connection portion 21a of the first connection portion 21 and a negative-side connection portion 31b connected to the negative-side connection portion 21b of the first connection portion 21. The positive-side connection portion 21a on the battery 2 side and the positive-side connection portion 31a on the charger 3 side are connected, and the negative-side connection portion 21b on the battery 2 side and the negative-side connection portion 31b on the charger 3 side are connected, thereby forming a circuit during charging.
For example, when the device on which the battery 2 is mounted is a vehicle, the battery 2 is an in-vehicle battery, and the charger 3 is a charging device such as a charging station. In this case, the electric power stored in the battery 2 can be supplied to the electric motor for running during discharging. During charging, a charging cable provided in the charger 3 is connected to a charging port provided in the vehicle, and the battery 2 and the external power supply are electrically connected to be in a chargeable state. This allows the battery 2 to be charged with the electric power supplied from the external power supply.
The charge control device 10 is an electronic control device that controls the value of the charge current based on the state of the battery 2. The electronic control device includes a microcomputer having a CPU, a RAM, a ROM, and an input/output interface. Thus, the charge control device 10 performs signal processing in accordance with a program stored in advance in the ROM. For example, the charge control device 10 is provided in a device on which the battery 2 is mounted.
Further, signals from various sensors are input to the charge control device 10. For example, signals from a voltage/temperature detection device 4 that detects the voltage and temperature of the battery 2 and a current detection device 5 that detects the current value during charging are input to the charge control device 10. When the battery 2 is composed of a plurality of cells, the voltage/temperature detection device 4 detects the voltage and temperature of each cell. The current detection device 5 detects a value of a current flowing in a circuit in which the battery 2 and the charger 3 are electrically connected. As shown in fig. 1, the current detection device 5 is disposed on the negative side of the battery 2, and detects the value of the current flowing from the charger 3 side to the battery 2.
The charge control device 10 executes charge control based on signals input from the voltage/temperature detection device 4 and the current detection device 5. That is, the charge control device 10 executes charge control corresponding to the current state of the battery 2. The charging control is control for performing charging in a range in which the charging current value does not exceed the allowable current value Idc of the battery 2. The charge control device 10 controls the charge current value to a desired current value corresponding to the current state of the battery 2 during charging. At this time, the charge control device 10 outputs a control signal to the charger 3 to control the charge current value.
As shown in fig. 1, the charge control device 10 includes a calculation unit 11.
The calculation unit 11 calculates the SOC (State of charge) that is the State of charge of the battery 2 based on the voltage and the temperature of the battery 2 detected by the voltage/temperature detection device 4. Since the voltage and temperature of the battery 2 during charging can be detected by the voltage/temperature detection device 4, the calculation unit 11 can calculate the current SOC based on the voltage and temperature of the battery 2 during charging.
The calculation unit 11 estimates the amount of degradation (degradation state) of the battery 2 based on the history of use such as the capacity maintenance rate of the battery 2. That is, the calculation unit 11 estimates the capacity degradation coefficient Dcap, which is a coefficient indicating the degree of capacity degradation of the battery 2.
The calculation unit 11 calculates a degradation coefficient based on the time elapsed from the start of use of the battery 2. That is, the calculation unit 11 calculates the deterioration factor Dtime, which is a factor indicating the degree of deterioration of the battery 2 with time.
When the charge control device 10 executes the charge control, the arithmetic unit 11 calculates the allowable current value Idc based on the current battery state (temperature, SOC). The calculation unit 11 calculates a limit current value Ilim obtained by multiplying the allowable current value Idc by the smaller one of the capacity degradation coefficient Dcap corresponding to the current capacity estimation value and the elapsed degradation coefficient Dtime corresponding to the elapsed time from the start of use of the battery 2. Then, the charge control device 10 charges the battery 2 at the limit current value Ilim. That is, at the time of charging, the charging current value is controlled by the charging control device 10 to the limit current value Ilim.
Here, the allowable current value map, the capacity degradation coefficient Dcap, and the age degradation coefficient Dtime will be described in more detail with reference to fig. 2 to 7.
First, the allowable current value map will be described with reference to fig. 2.
The allowable current value map is a map set in advance for each temperature and SOC of the battery 2. In the charging method according to the embodiment, when the allowable current value Idc corresponding to the current state (temperature, SOC) of the battery 2 is calculated, a preset allowable current value map is referred to. That is, the charge control device 10 uses the allowable current value map when calculating the allowable current value Idc.
For example, in the case where the temperature of the battery 2 is 25 ℃, a charge rate is set for each SOC. The charging rate indicates a speed of charging, and relatively represents a magnitude of the current value. In the case of constant current charge/discharge measurement, the magnitude of the current value at which the theoretical capacity of the battery 2 is fully charged for the holding time is defined as 1C. The value of 1C at the time of charging is a current value at the time of reaching a fully charged state for 1 hour from a fully discharged state. As shown in fig. 2, when the battery temperature is 25 ℃, the charging rate becomes 1C when the SOC is smaller than about 30%, and the charging rate becomes less than 1C when the SOC is larger than about 30%. In this example, the charging rate is divided into a case of becoming 1C and a case of being less than 1C, with the SOC being around 30%. In the range where the SOC is larger than about 30%, the charging rate gradually becomes smaller as the SOC increases.
When the method of creating the allowable current value map is described, in the non-degraded battery 2, the allowable current value Idc at which lithium deposition does not occur is determined by an experiment for each temperature and SOC of the battery 2. Then, the allowable current value Idc obtained through the experiment is mapped for each temperature and SOC of the battery 2. Thereby, the charge control device 10 can set the allowable current value map in advance for each temperature and SOC of the battery 2.
Next, the capacity degradation coefficient Dcap will be described with reference to fig. 3 to 6. Fig. 3 is a graph showing a relationship between the capacity retention rate and the capacity degradation coefficient when there is no estimation error. Fig. 4 is a graph showing a relationship between the capacity retention rate and the capacity degradation coefficient at the time of the estimation error X%. Fig. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the capacity retention rate and the capacity degradation coefficient at the estimation error of 10%. Fig. 6 is a map showing a relationship between a capacity retention rate and a capacity degradation coefficient in which an estimation error of the capacity estimation is reflected.
The capacity deterioration coefficient map is a map showing a relationship between a capacity retention rate obtained based on an estimated value of the battery capacity calculated from the use history or the like and a capacity deterioration coefficient Dcap which is a deterioration coefficient thereof. The capacity retention rate of the battery 2 is set to a value reflecting an estimation error of the capacity estimation.
For example, in the case where there is no estimation error of the capacity estimation, as shown in fig. 3, the capacity degradation coefficient Dcap is set to "1.00" when the capacity maintenance rate is "100"% and the capacity degradation coefficient Dcap is set to "0.5" when the capacity maintenance rate is "50"%.
When the estimated error of the capacity estimation is "X%", the capacity maintenance rate can be represented by values obtained by adding the estimated error, such as "50+ X"%, "60+ X"%, which reflects the estimated error X%, as shown in fig. 4. Also, the capacity degradation coefficient Dcap is set to "0.50" if the capacity maintenance rate is "50+ x", and the capacity degradation coefficient Dcap is set to "0.60" if the capacity maintenance rate is "60+ x".
Therefore, when the estimation error of the capacity estimation is "10%", as shown in fig. 5, the capacity deterioration coefficient Dcap is set to "0.50" when the capacity maintenance rate is "60"% reflecting the estimation error 10%, and the capacity deterioration coefficient Dcap is set to "0.60" when the capacity maintenance rate is "70"% reflecting the estimation error 10%. However, in this state, the maximum capacity degradation coefficient Dcap becomes "0.9" from the initial state.
As shown in fig. 6, the capacity degradation coefficient Dcap is mapped so that the capacity degradation coefficient Dcap can be determined based on the capacity retention rate in which the estimation error of the battery capacity is reflected.
Next, the duration degradation coefficient Dtime will be described with reference to fig. 7. Fig. 7 is a map showing the duration degradation coefficient map.
The age degradation coefficient map is a map showing a relationship between an elapsed time from the start of use of the battery 2 and its degradation coefficient, i.e., the age degradation coefficient Dtime. The elapsed time can be obtained using the duration information.
As the elapsed time information, the number of days elapsed since the start of use of the battery 2 can be used. The number of elapsed days can be obtained by the charge control device 10 calculating the elapsed time from the start of use of the battery 2.
For example, in the course of operating a device equipped with the battery 2, the number of elapsed days when the device is operated under the most severe conditions and the degradation coefficient calculated from the life of the battery 2 are used, and as shown in fig. 7, an elapsed degradation coefficient map corresponding to the number of elapsed days is created. The time-lapse degradation coefficient mapping is not affected by the capacity estimation error. Therefore, as shown in fig. 7, the degradation coefficient Dtime is set to "1.00" when the number of elapsed days is "0". As the number of elapsed days increases, the degradation factor Dtime continues to decrease.
The charge control device 10 configured as described above calculates the limit current value Ilim during charging using the preset allowable current value map and the capacity degradation coefficient Dcap and the duration degradation coefficient Dtime set according to the current state of the battery 2. Fig. 8 shows an example of a charging method for charging the battery 2 based on the limit current value Ilim.
Fig. 8 is a flowchart illustrating a charging method of a battery. The control shown in fig. 8 is performed by the charge control device 10.
The charge control device 10 determines whether or not the capacity degradation coefficient Dcap is larger than the age degradation coefficient Dtime (step S2). In step S2, the capacity degradation coefficient Dcap is determined by referring to the capacity degradation coefficient map based on the capacity retention rate reflecting the estimation error of the capacity estimation. Then, in step S2, the age degradation coefficient Dtime corresponding to the number of elapsed days is determined with reference to the age degradation coefficient map. The capacity degradation coefficient Dcap and the age degradation coefficient Dtime according to the current state of the battery 2 are determined in this way, and the magnitudes of the degradation coefficients are compared.
When it is determined that the capacity degradation coefficient Dcap is larger than the age degradation coefficient Dtime (yes in step S2), the charge control device 10 calculates a limit current value Ilim obtained by multiplying the age degradation coefficient Dtime by the allowable current value Idc, using the age degradation coefficient Dtime which is a relatively small coefficient (step S3). In step S3, the age degradation coefficient Dtime indicating the degree of age degradation in the battery 2 at present is multiplied by the allowable current value Idc calculated in step S1.
When determining that the capacity degradation coefficient Dcap is equal to or less than the age degradation coefficient Dtime (step S2: no), the charge control device 10 calculates a limit current value Ilim obtained by multiplying the capacity degradation coefficient Dcap by the allowable current value Idc, using the capacity degradation coefficient Dcap which is a relatively smaller coefficient (step S4). In step S4, the capacity deterioration coefficient Dcap indicating the degree of capacity deterioration in the current battery 2 is multiplied by the allowable current value Idc calculated in step S1.
When either of the processes of steps S3 and S4 is performed, the charging control device 10 performs charging at the limit current value Ilim (step S5). In step S5, the charging current value by the battery 2 is controlled to the limit current value Ilim, and charging is performed in a range not exceeding the allowable current value Idc.
Then, the charge control device 10 determines whether or not the amount of charge of the battery 2 is equal to or greater than a predetermined value (step S6). In step S6, the current amount of charge of the battery 2 is calculated, and it is determined whether or not the amount of charge is equal to or greater than a predetermined value. For example, the charge control device 10 can calculate the charge amount of the battery 2 based on the current SOC. Alternatively, the charge control device 10 may calculate the amount of charge of the battery 2 using the detected value of the charge current input from the current detection device 5 and the detected values of the voltage and the temperature input from the voltage/temperature detection device 4.
When it is determined that the amount of charge of the battery 2 is equal to or greater than the predetermined value (yes in step S6), the control routine is ended. In this case, the charge control device 10 ends the charging of the battery 2.
When it is determined that the amount of charge of the battery 2 is not equal to or greater than the predetermined value (no in step S6), the control routine returns to step S1.
As described above, according to the embodiment, the charging current value is set using the smaller one of the capacity degradation coefficient Dcap and the age degradation coefficient Dtime, and therefore, appropriate charging can be performed even when the estimation error of the battery capacity is large.
That is, when the estimation error of the battery capacity is large and the capacity degradation coefficient Dcap is estimated to be a value larger than the actual degradation state, the limited current value Ilim is calculated using the age degradation coefficient Dtime which is a smaller coefficient, so that appropriate charging according to the degradation state of the battery 2 can be performed. Thereby, even with the deteriorated battery 2, charging can be performed in a range not exceeding the allowable current value Idc of the battery 2, and since the charging current value of the battery 2 is not unnecessarily limited, the charging time can be shortened.
As a modification, a map using both the capacity degradation coefficient Dcap and the age degradation coefficient Dtime may be used. Since the deterioration coefficient during time Dtime is a coefficient not including the estimation error and the capacity deterioration coefficient Dcap is a coefficient reflecting the estimation error of the battery capacity, the capacity deterioration coefficient Dcap is set to a value smaller than "1.00" from the initial state due to the estimation error of the battery capacity. Thus, the combined map can be created as a modification. Fig. 9 shows an example of the combination map.
Fig. 9 is a map showing a case where the capacity deterioration coefficient and the age deterioration coefficient are used in combination. If the capacity deterioration coefficient map is used as it is, the capacity maintenance rate is determined to be "100"%, and the capacity deterioration coefficient Dcap is set to "0.90" when the estimation error is 10%, so that the capacity of the battery 2 may not be exhausted from the initial state. Then, as shown in fig. 9, a degradation coefficient map is created using the capacity degradation coefficient Dcap and the age degradation coefficient Dtime in combination.
For example, when the estimation error of the capacity estimation is X%, if the degradation factor Dtime is present until the capacity maintenance rate of the estimated capacity becomes "100-X"%, the estimation error of the capacity degradation factor map can be ignored until the capacity maintenance rate of the estimated capacity becomes "100-X"%. That is, by using the age degradation coefficient Dtime in combination with the capacity degradation coefficient Dcap, the initial degradation coefficient does not need to be reduced unnecessarily. On the other hand, in the case of only the capacity degradation coefficient Dcap, the degradation coefficient may be unnecessarily limited from the initial state. On the other hand, if the control is performed only with the age degradation coefficient Dtime, the allowable current value Idc may be exceeded if the degradation progresses more than expected. The map shown in fig. 9 is a degradation coefficient map in the case where the battery 2 is operated under the most severe conditions during the operation of the device in which the battery 2 is mounted.
Although an example in which the battery 2 is mounted on a vehicle has been described, the vehicle may be an electric vehicle or a plug-in hybrid vehicle.
The device on which the battery 2 is mounted is not limited to a vehicle, and may be a mobile body, a portable electric device, or the like.
Claims (3)
1. A method of charging a battery, comprising the steps of:
estimating a capacity degradation coefficient indicating a degree of capacity degradation of the battery;
calculating an age degradation coefficient indicating a degree of age degradation of the battery; and
and calculating a limit current value based on a smaller one of the capacity degradation coefficient and the time-lapse degradation coefficient, and charging the battery at the calculated limit current value.
2. The method of charging a battery according to claim 1,
estimating the capacity degradation coefficient based on a capacity maintenance rate obtained based on a value in which an estimation error is reflected on an estimated value of a battery capacity of the battery, and a capacity degradation coefficient map,
the capacity degradation coefficient map is a map showing a relationship between the capacity maintenance rate and the capacity degradation coefficient.
3. The method of charging a battery according to claim 2,
in the case where the estimation error of the estimated value of the battery capacity is X%,
until the capacity maintenance rate obtained in the step of estimating the capacity degradation coefficient becomes the capacity maintenance rate at which the estimated value of the battery capacity is 100-X%,
in the step of charging the battery with the limit current value, the limit current value is calculated based on the age degradation coefficient.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| JP2021156024A JP2023047092A (en) | 2021-09-24 | 2021-09-24 | Charging method for battery |
| JP2021-156024 | 2021-09-24 |
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| CN115864559A true CN115864559A (en) | 2023-03-28 |
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| CN202211094530.8A Pending CN115864559A (en) | 2021-09-24 | 2022-09-08 | Method for charging battery |
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| JP7432641B2 (en) * | 2022-03-23 | 2024-02-16 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Battery condition diagnosis device, battery condition diagnosis method, and program |
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