CN115856222B - Crop water consumption real-time dynamic monitoring method based on negative pressure - Google Patents
Crop water consumption real-time dynamic monitoring method based on negative pressure Download PDFInfo
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- CN115856222B CN115856222B CN202211615537.XA CN202211615537A CN115856222B CN 115856222 B CN115856222 B CN 115856222B CN 202211615537 A CN202211615537 A CN 202211615537A CN 115856222 B CN115856222 B CN 115856222B
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of crop irrigation test methods, and particularly relates to a crop water consumption real-time dynamic monitoring method based on negative pressure. According to the invention, the transpiration groove is additionally arranged as a comparison test, and the soil humidity and the evaporation capacity of unit area of the two grooves are close by the same treatment as that of the cultivation groove, so that a foundation is laid for obtaining real-time crop water consumption data through subsequent calculation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of crop irrigation test methods, and particularly relates to a crop water consumption real-time dynamic monitoring method based on negative pressure.
Background
The negative pressure irrigation is realized by utilizing an infiltrating irrigation pipe to be buried in soil and being matched with a sealed water storage barrel to irrigate, and negative pressure irrigation equipment adjusts the negative pressure of the water storage barrel by adjusting the number of pressure regulating pipes communicated with the water storage barrel.
When the crop test is carried out, the natural transpiration phenomenon exists in the soil, so that the water quantity change quantity in the water storage barrel contains the crop water demand and the soil transpiration water quantity, and the test for measuring the crop water demand has larger deviation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art, and provides a crop water consumption real-time dynamic monitoring method based on negative pressure, which can overcome the interference of soil transpiration water quantity on crop water consumption measurement and is beneficial to improving test precision.
The invention adopts the specific technical scheme that:
a crop water consumption real-time dynamic monitoring method based on negative pressure comprises the following steps:
a. Digging a cultivation groove and a transpiration groove, and paving a waterproof plastic film;
b. backfilling soil in the cultivation groove and the transpiration groove and burying an infiltrating irrigation pipe;
c. a water meter is connected in series between the infiltrating irrigation pipe and the water storage barrel, and the infiltrating irrigation pipe is started to perform water seepage maintenance on soil in the excavation cultivation groove and the transpiration groove;
d. planting crops in the cultivation groove, and recording the readings of the water meters of the cultivation groove and the transpiration groove at the moment;
e. and (5) calculating to obtain the crop water consumption through the water meter reading of the cultivation tank and the transpiration tank.
In the step a, a cultivation groove is dug in the test shed, and a transpiration groove is dug in parallel at one side of the cultivation groove, wherein the lengths and depths of the transpiration groove and the cultivation groove are the same.
In the step b, after plastic films are paved in the cultivation groove and the transpiration groove, part of soil is respectively backfilled on the waterproof plastic film, the soil thickness is h, an infiltrating irrigation pipe is paved, the infiltrating irrigation pipe is communicated with the water storage barrel, and then the soil is continuously backfilled until the soil is level with the ground.
In the step a, the number relationship of the opening area s1 of the water-separating plastic film in the cultivation tank, the opening area s2 of the water-separating plastic film in the transpiration tank, the number q1 of the infiltrating irrigation pipes in the cultivation tank and the number q2 of the infiltrating irrigation pipes in the transpiration tank is s 1/q1=s2/q 2..
In the step e, the increment of the reading of the water meter of the cultivation tank in the time t is w1, the increment of the reading of the water meter in the transpiration tank is w2, and then the water consumption c=w1-w2×q1 of crops in the time t.
The water storage barrel is internally provided with a columnar water sac, the water sac is fixed with the side wall of the water storage barrel, the water sac is communicated with an infiltrating irrigation pipe in the transpiration groove, and the height of the water sac is greater than the height of the liquid level in the water storage barrel.
The infiltrating irrigation pipe comprises a plurality of infiltrating irrigation units connected in series, each infiltrating irrigation unit comprises a ceramic pipe and connecting pipes arranged at two ends of the ceramic pipe, adjacent ceramic pipes are connected in series by means of the connecting pipes to form the infiltrating irrigation pipe, water homogenizing pipes are inserted into the infiltrating irrigation pipe, the water homogenizing pipes are communicated with the water storage barrel, and water outlets are formed in the pipe walls of the water homogenizing pipes.
The water distribution pipe is characterized in that a spiral sheet-shaped water guide screw piece is arranged outside the pipe wall of the water distribution pipe, water outlets on the water distribution pipe are spirally arranged in the middle section of the water distribution pipe along the water guide screw piece, and the water guide screw piece forms a spiral water flow channel in an annular pipe cavity between the water distribution pipe and the ceramic pipe.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
According to the invention, the transpiration groove is additionally arranged as a comparison test, and the soil humidity and the evaporation capacity of unit area of the two grooves are close by the same treatment as that of the cultivation groove, so that a foundation is laid for obtaining real-time crop water consumption data through subsequent calculation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a cultivation tank and a transpiration tank;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a water storage tub in a top view;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the ceramic tube after being disassembled;
in the attached drawings, 1, a cultivation groove, 2, a transpiration groove, 3, an infiltrating irrigation pipe, 4, a water storage barrel, 5, a water meter, 6, a water sac, 7, a ceramic pipe, 8, a connecting pipe, 9, a water homogenizing pipe, 10 and a water guiding screw piece.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples:
The invention provides a crop water consumption real-time dynamic monitoring method based on negative pressure, which is shown in fig. 1 and 2, and comprises the following steps:
a. digging a cultivation groove 1 and a transpiration groove 2, and paving a waterproof plastic film;
b. Soil is backfilled in the cultivation groove 1 and the transpiration groove 2, and an infiltrating irrigation pipe 3 is buried in the soil;
c. a water meter 5 is connected in series between the infiltrating irrigation pipe 3 and the water storage barrel 4, and the infiltrating irrigation pipe 3 is started to perform water seepage maintenance on soil in the excavation cultivation groove 1 and the transpiration groove 2;
d. planting crops in the cultivation groove 1, and recording readings of the water meters 5 of the cultivation groove 1 and the transpiration groove 2 at the moment;
e. And the water consumption of crops is calculated by reading the water meters 5 of the cultivation tank 1 and the transpiration tank 2.
In the step a, a cultivation groove 1 is dug in a test shed, and a transpiration groove 2 is dug in parallel on one side of the cultivation groove 1, wherein the transpiration groove 2 has the same length and depth as the cultivation groove 1. The transpiration tank 2 is in proportional relation with the total amount of the inner soil and the transpiration area of the cultivation tank 1, so that the consumption of the crop water can be calculated conveniently.
Further, in step b shown in fig. 2, after plastic films are laid in the cultivation tank 1 and the transpiration tank 2, part of soil is respectively backfilled on the waterproof plastic films, the soil thickness is h, an infiltrating irrigation pipe 3 is laid, the infiltrating irrigation pipe 3 is communicated with the water storage barrel 4, and then the soil is continuously backfilled until the soil is level with the ground.
The soil is fully contacted with the infiltrating irrigation pipe 3 through pre-backfilling part of the soil, wherein the value of h is 15-20cm, the depth of the infiltrating irrigation pipe 3 from the ground is 30-35cm, the economic crop with shallow root system is mainly used as the crop for test, for example, the depth of the root system of the watermelon is mainly distributed in the soil layer of 15-25cm, the embedding depth of the infiltrating irrigation pipe 3 is relatively deep, the water supply range is enlarged through the soil infiltration of the periphery of the pipe, the water is prevented from being concentrated, the root system of the test crop is ensured to fully absorb the water and grow normally, and the soil pad at the lower side of the infiltrating irrigation pipe 3 is prevented from directly dripping on the waterproof plastic film, water is prevented from being stored, and the soil permeability in the groove is improved.
In the step a, the number relationship of the opening area s1 of the water-separating plastic film in the cultivation tank 1, the opening area s2 of the water-separating plastic film in the transpiration tank 2, the number q1 of the infiltrating irrigation pipes 3 in the cultivation tank 1 and the number q2 of the infiltrating irrigation pipes 3 in the transpiration tank 2 is s 1/q1=s2/q 2.
As shown in fig. 1, the infiltrating irrigation pipes 3 in the cultivation tank 1 and the transpiration tank 2 have the same length and model, and as the water-proof plastic films are paved in the tanks, the soil in the tank only transpires through the soil in the notch, so that the evaporation capacity in the cultivation tank 1 can be calculated by measuring the evaporation capacity in the transpiration tank 2 without crops, specifically, in the step e, the reading increment of the metering water meter 5 in the cultivation tank 1 in the time t is w1, and the reading increment of the metering water meter 5 in the transpiration tank 2 is w2.
Wherein w1 comprises the sum of natural transpiration amount and crop water consumption in the cultivation tank 1, and since the opening area of the notch corresponding to the infiltrating irrigation pipe 3 is the same in the step b of the cultivation tank 1, the reading increment w2 of the water meter 5 in the transpiration tank 2 is the evaporation amount of the single infiltrating irrigation pipe 3 in unit t time, and then the water consumption c=w1-w2×q1 of the crop in the time t.
Further, as shown in fig. 1 and 3, a columnar water bag 6 is arranged in the water storage barrel 4, the water bag 6 is fixed on the side wall of the water storage barrel 4, the water bag 6 is communicated with the infiltrating irrigation pipe 3 in the transpiration tank 2, and the height of the water bag 6 is greater than the liquid level in the water storage barrel 4.
The water bag 6 is vertically arranged, the cross section area of the water bag 6 is sa2, sa2=sa1/[ 3] (q1+q2) ], the cross section area of the water storage barrel 4 is sa1, namely, in order to ensure that the liquid level in the water bag 6 drops faster than the liquid level in the water storage barrel 4, the water bag 6 is manufactured by sealing and scalding a waterproof plastic film, the cost is low, the manufacture is convenient, the plastic deformation is small, when the water storage barrel 4 is filled with water, the water bag 6 is filled with water, then the water storage barrel 4 is filled with water, the liquid level of the water storage barrel 4 is higher than the liquid level of the water bag 6, the water level in the water bag 6 is flattened by virtue of the soft characteristic of a waterproof film, the water level in the water bag 6 is restored to be level with the liquid level of the water storage barrel 4, and the side wall of the water bag 6 is not tensioned at the moment, and the water separation in the water storage barrel 4 is ensured.
When the test is carried out, as the sectional area of the water bag 6 is smaller, the water bag 6 is further flattened after water in the water bag 6 flows out through the water pressure extrusion of the water storage barrel 4 in the test process, but the liquid level in the water bag 6 is always kept to be level with the overall liquid level in the water storage barrel 4, namely the water pressure born by the infiltrating irrigation pipe 3 in the transpiration tank 2 is the same as the water pressure born by the infiltrating irrigation pipe 3 in the cultivation tank 1, and the upper end opening of the water bag 6 is in a uniform negative pressure environment with the liquid level of the water storage barrel 4, so that the test variable of the infiltrating irrigation pipe 3 is strictly controlled, and the test precision is improved.
Further, as shown in fig. 1 and 4, the length of the infiltrating irrigation pipe 3 used in the test reaches 5-6 meters, in order to avoid that the internal resistance of the infiltrating irrigation pipe 3 is larger, so that the water quantity difference between the front and the rear of the infiltrating irrigation pipe 3 is larger, the infiltrating irrigation pipe 3 comprises a plurality of infiltrating irrigation units connected in series, each infiltrating irrigation unit comprises a ceramic pipe 7 and connecting pipes 8 arranged at two ends of the ceramic pipe 7, the adjacent ceramic pipes 7 are connected in series by the aid of the connecting pipes 8 to form the infiltrating irrigation pipe 3, a water homogenizing pipe 9 is inserted in the infiltrating irrigation pipe 3, the water homogenizing pipe 9 is communicated with the water storage barrel 4, and water outlets are arranged on the pipe walls of the water homogenizing pipes 9.
The water guide screw piece 10 in a spiral shape is arranged outside the pipe wall of the water homogenizing pipe 9, water outlets on the water homogenizing pipe 9 are arranged in the middle section of the water homogenizing pipe 9 in a spiral shape along the water guide screw piece 10, and the water guide screw piece 10 forms a spiral water flow channel in an annular pipe cavity between the water homogenizing pipe 9 and the ceramic pipe 7.
By forming the spiral buffer water cavity between the water homogenizing pipe 9 and the ceramic pipe 7, the number of water outlets on the water homogenizing pipe 9 is small, so that the pressure loss at the front end of the water homogenizing pipe 3 is small, the overlarge pressure difference between the front end and the rear end of the water homogenizing pipe 3 is avoided, the water flow in the spiral water flow channel is relaxed, the holes of the ceramic pipe 7 are fully infiltrated, and the better water infiltrating effect is ensured.
Claims (7)
1. A crop water consumption real-time dynamic monitoring method based on negative pressure is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
a. digging a cultivation groove (1) and a transpiration groove (2), and paving a waterproof plastic film;
b. Soil is backfilled in the cultivation groove (1) and the transpiration groove (2) and an infiltrating irrigation pipe (3) is buried in the soil;
c. A water meter (5) is connected in series between the infiltrating irrigation pipe (3) and the water storage barrel (4), and the infiltrating irrigation pipe (3) is started to infiltrate and maintain the soil in the excavating cultivation groove (1) and the transpiration groove (2);
d. The cultivation groove (1) is internally filled with crops, and the readings of the water meters (5) of the cultivation groove (1) and the transpiration groove (2) at the moment are recorded;
e. the water consumption of crops is calculated and obtained through the reading of a water meter (5) of a cultivation groove (1) and a transpiration groove (2);
a columnar water bag (6) is arranged in the water storage barrel (4), the water bag (6) is fixed with the side wall of the water storage barrel (4), the water bag (6) is communicated with the infiltrating irrigation pipe (3) in the transpiration tank (2), and the height of the water bag (6) is larger than the height of the liquid level in the water storage barrel (4);
The water bag (6) is smaller than the sectional area of the water storage barrel (4), the water bag (6) is further flattened after water flows out of the water bag (6) through the water pressure extrusion of the water storage barrel (4) in the test process, but the liquid level in the water bag (6) is always kept to be level with the overall liquid level in the water storage barrel (4), namely the water pressure born by the infiltrating irrigation pipe (3) in the transpiration groove (2) is the same as the water pressure born by the infiltrating irrigation pipe (3) in the cultivation groove (1), the upper end of the water bag (6) is opened, and the water bag (6) and the liquid level of the water storage barrel (4) are in a unified negative pressure environment, so that the test variable of the infiltrating irrigation pipe (3) is strictly controlled, and the test precision is improved.
2. The method for dynamically monitoring the water consumption of crops in real time based on negative pressure according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step a, a cultivation groove (1) is dug in the test shed, and a transpiration groove (2) is dug in parallel on one side of the cultivation groove (1), wherein the transpiration groove (2) has the same length and depth as the cultivation groove (1).
3. The method for dynamically monitoring the water consumption of crops in real time based on negative pressure according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step b, after plastic films are paved in the cultivation groove (1) and the transpiration groove (2), part of soil is respectively backfilled on the waterproof plastic films, the soil thickness is h, an infiltrating irrigation pipe (3) is paved, the infiltrating irrigation pipe (3) is communicated with the water storage barrel (4), and then the soil is continuously backfilled until the soil is flush with the ground.
4. The method for dynamically monitoring the water consumption of crops in real time based on negative pressure according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step a, the relation among the opening area s1 of the water-separating plastic film in the cultivation tank (1), the opening area s2 of the water-separating plastic film in the transpiration tank (2), the number q1 of the infiltrating irrigation pipes (3) in the cultivation tank (1) and the number q2 of the infiltrating irrigation pipes (3) in the transpiration tank (2) is s 1/q1=s2/q 2.
5. The method for dynamically monitoring the water consumption of crops in real time based on negative pressure according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step e, the reading increment of the water meter (5) of the cultivation tank (1) in the time t is w1, the reading increment of the water meter (5) in the transpiration tank (2) is w2, and then the water consumption c=w1-w2×q1 of crops in the time t.
6. The method for dynamically monitoring the water consumption of crops in real time based on negative pressure according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the infiltrating irrigation pipe (3) comprises a plurality of infiltrating irrigation units connected in series, each infiltrating irrigation unit comprises a ceramic pipe (7) and connecting pipes (8) arranged at two ends of the ceramic pipe (7), each adjacent ceramic pipe (7) is connected in series by means of the corresponding connecting pipe (8) to form the infiltrating irrigation pipe (3), a water homogenizing pipe (9) is inserted into each infiltrating irrigation pipe (3), the water homogenizing pipe (9) is communicated with the water storage barrel (4), and water outlets are formed in the pipe walls of the water homogenizing pipes (9).
7. The method for dynamically monitoring the water consumption of crops in real time based on negative pressure according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the water distribution pipe is characterized in that a spiral-sheet-shaped water guide screw piece (10) is arranged outside the pipe wall of the water distribution pipe (9), water outlets on the water distribution pipe (9) are spirally arranged in the middle section of the water distribution pipe (9) along the water guide screw piece (10), and the water guide screw piece (10) forms a spiral water flow channel in an annular pipe cavity between the water distribution pipe (9) and the ceramic pipe (7).
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