CN115853563A - Separated multifunctional anchor rod capable of monitoring displacement in real time and use method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a separated multifunctional anchor rod capable of monitoring displacement in real time and a using method thereof, and belongs to the field of mine roadway, tunnel or tunnel and underground engineering support. The anchor rod with the special-shaped cross section comprises an anchor rod body with a columnar structure, wherein two fan-shaped grooves which are arranged in the radial direction are oppositely formed in the outer circumference of the anchor rod body, and the two fan-shaped grooves penetrate through the whole anchor rod body; the end part of the anchor rod with the special-shaped cross section is provided with a special-shaped anchoring end head, the tail part of the anchor rod with the special-shaped cross section is provided with a thread, the thread is sequentially provided with a tray for anchoring and an anti-slip screw nut, the tray is fixedly provided with a displacement monitoring system, and the exposed end of the anchor rod with the special-shaped cross section is provided with a fixing bulge in each of the two fan-shaped grooves; the device has the advantages of simple structure, multiple functions, high precision, real-time monitoring, reasonable structure, economy and applicability.

Description

A detached multifunctional bolt capable of real-time monitoring of displacement and its application method

technical field

The invention relates to a detached multifunctional bolt capable of monitoring displacement in real time and a method for using the same, and is especially suitable for mine roadways, tunnels or tunnels, and underground engineering fields.

Background technique

In recent years, with the rapid development of my country's infrastructure construction, a large number of deep-buried tunnels and mine shafts have appeared, and the mining environment and geological conditions are becoming more and more complex and changeable, and the problems of surrounding rock support are very prominent. As the most basic component of anchoring and supporting at present, the bolt can play the role of anchoring and supporting while giving full play to the capabilities of the surrounding rock itself. A large number of experiments have proved that bolt support has the characteristics of low cost, flexible use and good support effect compared with other support methods. The anchor support with bolt as the core component is currently the main support method with high cost-effectiveness.

Because the bolt is deformed and damaged by the anchored surrounding rock and the rock formation is dislocated during the support, it often occurs that the bolt and the anchoring agent or the anchoring body and the surrounding rock fail to be anchored. And because the bolt support is a concealed construction project, it is difficult to find and detect whether the anchor bolt has failed after construction, and there is a big safety hazard, so the bolt anchorage performance monitoring is carried out to avoid The occurrence of safety accidents is very important. In addition, during the construction of underground projects such as mine roadways, tunnels, and subways, it is often necessary to measure the internal displacement of the surrounding rock to determine the relative movement state of the surrounding rock and ensure that its deformation is within a safe range. The current internal deformation monitoring of the surrounding rock mainly adopts the mechanical multi-point displacement meter method. Generally, 5 to 7 measuring points are fixed at different depths inside the surrounding rock by mechanical claws connected by wire ropes, and the other end of the wire rope is fixed on a belt. On the PVC casing with scale; this kind of structure is simple, easy to use, intuitive to read, and low in price, but it requires manual reading, which causes large measurement errors, wastes a lot of manpower and is inefficient. The position in the surrounding rock borehole cannot be determined accurately, which makes the relative displacement between two points deviate. In summary, it is urgent to develop a bolt that integrates the functions of measuring the deformation of the surrounding rock and monitoring the anchorage failure, so as to solve the existing problems of low measurement efficiency, inaccurate measurement, cumbersome procedures, and troublesome disassembly of the device.

Contents of the invention

Technical problem: Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a detached multi-functional anchor rod capable of real-time monitoring of displacement and its use method, which simultaneously has the functions of measuring the deformation of the surrounding rock and detecting whether the anchorage fails, To make up for the cumbersome disassembly of existing anchor rods and measuring devices, and the defects of low measurement accuracy.

Technical solution: In order to achieve the above technical purpose, a detached multifunctional anchor rod capable of monitoring displacement in real time according to the present invention includes a special-shaped section anchor rod, and the special-shaped cross-section anchor rod includes a columnar structure anchor rod body, and the outer circumference of the anchor rod body There are two radially arranged fan-shaped grooves opposite to each other, and the two fan-shaped grooves run through the entire anchor body; the end of the special-shaped cross-section anchor is provided with a special-shaped anchor end, and the tail of the special-shaped cross-section anchor is provided with threads, and the threads are arranged sequentially. There is a tray and anti-slip wire nuts for anchoring, a displacement monitoring system is fixed on the tray, and the exposed ends of the special-shaped cross-section anchor rods are respectively provided with fixing protrusions in the two fan-shaped grooves;

There is a wedge-shaped body in the middle of the end of the anchor rod with special-shaped cross-section. In the fan-shaped grooves on both sides of the anchor rod with special-shaped cross-section, high-strength steel wire B and high-strength steel wire A are fixed at intervals through snap rings, and the outer sides of high-strength steel wire B and high-strength steel wire A are fixed. An anti-corrosion conduit is provided, in which the end of the high-strength steel wire A is connected and fixed by the eyebolt b set at the end of the fan-shaped groove, and the end of the high-strength steel wire B is connected to the tail of the special-shaped anchoring end by the eyebolt a connect;

The special-shaped anchoring head is a spearhead structure with a barb at the end. The tail of the special-shaped anchoring head is provided with a groove matching the wedge-shaped body at the end of the special-shaped anchor rod. The special-shaped anchoring head is mechanically connected to the wedge-shaped body through the groove; The tail ends of the high-strength steel wire B and the high-strength steel wire A pass through the fixed protrusions of the fan-shaped grooves where they are respectively located and are connected with the displacement monitoring system.

Further, the displacement monitoring system includes an installation box, and a comprehensive reading instrument and an instrument panel are arranged in the installation box, wherein the integrated reading instrument and the instrument panel are arranged up and down in the installation box, and the model of the integrated reading instrument is DatatakerDT80. There are two horizontally arranged rectangular groove slides on the sides, bolts are respectively arranged on the rectangular groove slides, pointer slides are provided on the left and right sides of the instrument panel, and the left pointer slides on the left pointer slide. The right pointer slides on the right pointer slide. The left pointer is connected with high-strength steel wire A through bolts, and the right pointer is connected with high-strength steel wire B through bolts. By adjusting the position of the bolt on the rectangular groove slideway, the The pointer on the left and the pointer on the right are respectively located at the zero scale of the instrument panel, and the pointer slides on the left and right sides are respectively equipped with displacement sensors, and the two displacement sensors are connected to the comprehensive reading instrument through wires; Displacement occurs, and the positions of high-strength steel wire A and high-strength steel wire B remain unchanged, so that the left pointer and right pointer connected at the ends of the pointer are displaced in the pointer slideway, thereby generating a reading.

Further, the fixing protrusion is a smooth columnar structure, one end of the high-strength steel wire A or high-strength steel wire B is connected and fixed with the eyebolt a or eyebolt b embedded in the end of the special-shaped anchor, and the anti-corrosion wiring fixed in the fan-shaped groove The tube is wound around the fixed protrusion and straightened to adjust its direction, and then it is fixedly connected with the pointer on the left or the pointer on the right in the displacement monitoring system.

Further, the left pointer and the right pointer are equipped with metal displacement sensing nodes, and the pointer slides where the left pointer and the right pointer are located are all provided with displacement sensors. When the left pointer and the right pointer move, they will immediately The position information of the metal displacement sensing node corresponding to the position can be converted into data by the displacement sensor. The displacement sensor is connected to the comprehensive reading instrument through the data line, and the two sets of displacement data of the left pointer and the right pointer are read by the comprehensive reading instrument; The displacement monitoring system can read data macroscopically through the instrument panel, and can also read accurate data through the comprehensive reading instrument to prevent the failure of the comprehensive reading instrument from causing large errors in the readings.

A method for using a detached multifunctional bolt that can monitor displacement in real time, the steps of which are as follows:

Firstly, the anchor hole of the ladder structure is constructed in the pre-marked position of the surrounding rock. The anchor hole includes the conventional anchor drill hole, and the ladder drill hole is constructed in the center of the bottom of the drill hole to accommodate the end of the special-shaped anchor. Wrap the special-shaped anchor with a high elastic film The connection part between the end and the special-shaped cross-section anchor rod, in which the high-elastic film is wrapped with an expansion agent, the reaction time of the expansion agent should be set according to the material ratio, faster than the initial setting time of the anchoring agent;

Send the anchoring agent cement roll, curing agent roll and the whole anchor rod into the anchor hole, start the agitator to make the special-shaped cross-section anchor rod drive the special-shaped anchor end to rotate and stir, so that the solidifying agent clay roll, curing agent roll It is fully stirred and filled into the anchor hole area where the end of the special-shaped anchor rod and the special-shaped anchor end are located. After the anchoring agent is cured, the anchoring agent cement is formed, and the tray and the anti-skid wire are sequentially set on the anchor rod of the exposed section of the anchor hole. Nut, provide pre-tightening force along the thread lead angle by pre-tightening the anti-skid wire nut;

Then, the displacement monitoring system is fixedly installed on the pallet, and the moving bolt moves on the rectangular groove slideway to make the left pointer and the right pointer return to zero under the tension state of high-strength steel wire B and high-strength steel wire A. The comprehensive reading instrument is connected;

When the special-shaped cross-section anchor is stretched and deformed with the deformation of the surrounding rock, the high-strength steel wire A will pull the left pointer to move upward along the pointer slide, and the high-strength steel wire B will also pull the right pointer to move upward along the pointer slide. At this time, the position movement information of the metal displacement sensing nodes on the left pointer and the right pointer is converted into data by the displacement sensor, and the displacement sensor transmits the data to the comprehensive reading instrument through the data line;

Read the data through the instrument panel or comprehensive reading instrument on the displacement monitoring system to determine the stretching amount of the special-shaped cross-section anchor rod. Let the reading of the left pointer be x ₁ and the reading of the right pointer be x ₂ . If x ₁ = x ₂ and If the reading is within the normal range, it means that the anchorage has not failed, so the stretching amount of the special-shaped anchor rod is equal to the deformation amount of the surrounding rock; if x ₁ = x ₂ , but the reading is abnormally large, that is, outside the normal range, it means that the anchor rod is broken ;

When the bolt with special-shaped cross-section and the anchoring agent or anchor body and surrounding rock fail to anchor, the end of the special-shaped anchor and the bolt with special-shaped cross-section will be separated. At this time, the high-strength steel wire A and the bolt with special-shaped cross-section remain unchanged, while The high-strength steel wire B is dragged by the end of the special-shaped anchor; at this time, the reading of the left pointer x ₁ is still the stretching amount of the special-shaped cross-section anchor, and the reading of the right pointer x ₂ is the deformation displacement of the surrounding rock. x ₁ ≠ x ₂ , the deformation displacement of the surrounding rock should be equal to the sum of the elongation of the bolt with special-shaped cross-section and the relative displacement of the bolt-surrounding rock, and the relative displacement of the anchor-surrounding rock _is Δl, that is, x ₂ =x ₁ +Δl _relative .

Beneficial effects: due to the adoption of the above technical scheme, the present invention has the functions of measuring the deformation of the surrounding rock and detecting whether the anchorage fails in real time, which makes up for the failure of anchoring that is easy to occur when the existing anchor rods and measuring devices deal with large deformation roadways Defects that cannot be detected properly and the measurement accuracy of surrounding rock deformation is low. The tension of the anchor can be measured by the principle that the high-strength steel wire is displaced together with the anchor rod of the same special-shaped section when it is stretched; the high-strength steel wire is fixed to the end of the special-shaped anchor, and the anchor rod with the special-shaped cross-section is separated from the end of the special-shaped anchor. principle to realize real-time monitoring of the deformation of the surrounding rock; by analyzing two variables (the deformation of the surrounding rock and the stretching of the bolt) to determine whether the anchorage is invalid; the position information of the sensing node through the metal displacement can be detected by the displacement sensor The principle of sensing and generating data to ensure the accuracy of measurement, so using the simplest principle to complete the tedious work, greatly saves the manpower and material resources consumed by traditional methods, and solves the problem of low measurement accuracy and insufficient timeliness. It also avoids various engineering lines that are cumbersome to measure and set up, and avoids the chaos of the roadway space. The feature of this anchor rod and measuring device is that the anchor rod and measuring device are combined into one, with simple structure and low price. It can be read not only through the instrument panel of the displacement monitoring system, but also through the comprehensive reading instrument. The two data are mutually evidence. The bolt, which has the functions of measuring the deformation of the surrounding rock and detecting the failure of the anchor in real time, can monitor and grasp the deformation dynamics of the surrounding rock in real time, and detect the failure of the anchor in real time, thereby effectively reducing the occurrence of accidents and ensuring the safety of the staff.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the anchor hole schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a detached multifunctional bolt that can monitor displacement in real time in an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the installation of the separated multi-functional bolt that can monitor the displacement in real time in the embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 4(a) is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of a special-shaped cross-section anchor rod and a special-shaped anchoring end in an embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 4(b) is a schematic diagram of the relative positions of the special-shaped cross-section anchor rod and the special-shaped anchoring end of the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is the structural representation of displacement monitoring system of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the special-shaped cross-section anchor rod of the present invention.

In the figure: 1-surrounding rock, 2-tray, 3-anchor with special-shaped section, 4-anchor hole, 5-end of special-shaped anchor, 6-high-strength steel wire B, 7-high-strength steel wire A, 8-anti-corrosion Wire tube, 9-fixing protrusion, 10-anti-slip wire nut, 11-displacement monitoring system, 12-rectangular groove slideway, 13-bolt, 14-pointer slideway, 15-left pointer, 16-right pointer , 17-Anchoring agent cement, 18-Expansion agent, 19-Eye bolt a, 20-Eye bolt b, 21-Snap ring, 22-Displacement sensor, 23-Data line, 24-Comprehensive reading instrument, 25-Dashboard , 26-fan-shaped groove, 27-high elastic film, 28-wedge.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the embodiment in the accompanying drawings:

As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the separated multifunctional anchor rod capable of real-time monitoring of displacement of the present invention includes a special-shaped cross-section anchor rod 3, which is a cylindrical column with two fan-shaped grooves 26 opposite to each other at the upper and lower positions. Structure, the end of the special-shaped cross-section anchor rod 3 is provided with a special-shaped anchoring end 5, and the tail of the special-shaped cross-section anchor rod 3 is provided with a thread, and the thread is sequentially provided with a tray 2 for anchoring and an anti-slip wire nut 10, and the tray 2 is fixed with a displacement Monitoring system 11, two fan-shaped grooves 26 at the exposed end of the special-shaped cross-section anchor rod 3 are respectively provided with two fixing protrusions 9;

A wedge-shaped body 28 is provided at the end of the special-shaped cross-section anchor rod 3, and the two fan-shaped grooves 26 are separated by a snap ring 21 to fix the anti-corrosion routing pipe 8, and the two anti-corrosion routing pipes 8 are respectively provided with high-strength steel wires B6 and The ends of high-strength steel wire A7, high-strength steel wire B6 and high-strength steel wire A7 are fixed with eyebolt a19 and eyebolt b20;

The end of the special-shaped anchoring head 5 is a spearhead structure with a barb. The tail of the special-shaped anchoring head 5 is provided with a groove, and the special-shaped anchoring head 5 is mechanically fixed with the wedge-shaped body 28 through the groove. The high-strength steel wire B6 and high-strength steel wire The high-strength steel wire A7 is embedded with the tail of the special-shaped anchor end 5 through the eyebolt a19 and the eyebolt b20 respectively; System 11 is connected.

As shown in Figure 3, one end of the high-strength steel wire B6 is connected and fixed to the eyebolt a19 embedded in the special-shaped anchor head 5, and the anti-corrosion routing pipe 8 fixed in the fan-shaped groove 26 bypasses the fixing of the special-shaped cross-section anchor rod 3 The protrusion 9 is fixedly connected to the left pointer 15 in the displacement monitoring system 11; the high-strength steel wire A7 also bypasses the fixed protrusion 9 of the anchor rod 3 with special-shaped section and is fixedly connected to the right pointer 16 in the displacement monitoring system 11.

As shown in Figure 5, the displacement monitoring system 11 is provided with a comprehensive reading instrument 24 and an instrument panel 25, wherein the comprehensive reading instrument 24 and the instrument panel 25 are arranged up and down, and the model of the comprehensive reading instrument 24 is DatatakerDT80, and its left and right sides are respectively There are two rectangular groove slideways 12 arranged horizontally, bolts 13 are respectively arranged on the rectangular groove slideway 12, pointer slideways 14 are respectively arranged on the left and right sides of the instrument panel 25, and the pointer slideway 14 on the left side slides There is a left pointer 15, and a right pointer 16 slides on the right pointer slideway 14. The left pointer 15 is connected to the high-strength steel wire A7 through the bolt 13, and the right pointer 16 is connected to the high-strength steel wire B6 through the bolt 13. The left pointer 15 and the right pointer 16 are respectively located at the zero scale of the instrument panel 25 by adjusting the position of the bolt 13 on the rectangular groove slideway 12 . The left pointer 15 and the right pointer 16 are all provided with metal displacement sensing nodes, and the pointer slides 14 where the left pointer 15 and the right pointer 16 are located are all provided with displacement sensors 22, when the left pointer 15 and the right After the side pointer 16 moves, the metal displacement sensing node position information corresponding to the position can be converted into data by the displacement sensor 22. The displacement sensor 22 is connected with the comprehensive reading instrument 24 through the data line 23, and the left pointer 15 and the integrated reading instrument 24 are connected by the comprehensive reading instrument 24. Two sets of displacement data are read by the pointer 16 on the right side; the displacement monitoring system 11 can read data macroscopically through the instrument panel 25 , and can also read accurate data through the comprehensive reading instrument 24 .

As shown in Figure 4(a), when the special-shaped cross-section bolt 3 is stretched and deformed with the deformation of the surrounding rock 1, the high-strength steel wire A7 will pull the left pointer 15 to move upward along the pointer slide 14, and the high-strength steel wire B6 will also move upward along the pointer slide 14. The right pointer 16 will be pulled to move upward along the pointer slideway 14 . At this time, the position movement information of the metal displacement sensing nodes on the left pointer 15 and the right pointer 16 is converted into data by the displacement sensor 22, and the displacement sensor 22 transmits the data to the comprehensive reading instrument 24 through the data line 23. Therefore, the data can be read through the instrument panel 25 or the comprehensive reading instrument 24 on the displacement monitoring system 11 to determine the stretching amount of the rod body. Let the reading of the left pointer (15) be x ₁ , and the reading of the right pointer (16) be x ₂ , if x ₁ = x ₂ and the reading is within the normal range, it means that the anchorage has not failed, so the stretching amount of the special-shaped anchor rod (3) is equal to the deformation amount of the surrounding rock (1); if x ₁ = x ₂ , but the reading is abnormally biased If it is larger than the normal range, it means that the anchor rod is broken.

As shown in Fig. 4(b), when the anchor bolt and the anchoring agent or the anchor body and the surrounding rock fail to anchor, the special-shaped anchor head 5 and the special-shaped cross-section anchor 3 will be separated. The reading of the pointer 15 on the left side x ₁ is still the stretching amount of the special-shaped section bolt 3, and the reading of the pointer 16 on the right side x ₂ is the deformation and displacement of the surrounding rock 1. At this time, the deformation and displacement of the surrounding rock 1 should be equal to the deformation and displacement of the special-shaped section The sum of the stretching amount of the bolt 3 and the relative displacement of the bolt-surrounding rock is assumed to be Δl _relative to the anchor-surrounding rock relative displacement, that is, x ₂ =x ₁ +Δl _relative .

Claims (5)

1. A detached multifunctional bolt that can monitor displacement in real time is characterized in that: it comprises a special-shaped cross-section bolt (3), and the special-shaped cross-section bolt (3) includes a columnar structure bolt body, and the outer surface of the bolt body There are two radially arranged fan-shaped grooves (26) opposite the circumference, and the two fan-shaped grooves (26) run through the entire anchor rod body; the end of the special-shaped cross-section anchor rod (3) is provided with a special-shaped anchoring end (5), The tail of the special-shaped cross-section anchor rod (3) is provided with a thread, and the thread is provided with a tray (2) and an anti-skid wire nut (10) for anchoring in sequence, and a displacement monitoring system (11) is fixed on the tray (2). The exposed end of the rod (3) is respectively provided with fixing protrusions (9) in the two fan-shaped grooves (26); A wedge-shaped body (28) is provided in the middle of the end of the special-shaped cross-section anchor rod (3), and high-strength steel wires B ( 6) and high-strength steel wire A (7), high-strength steel wire B (6) and high-strength steel wire A (7) are provided with an anti-corrosion conduit (8), wherein the end of high-strength steel wire A (7) passes The eyebolt b (20) arranged at the end of the fan-shaped groove (26) is connected and fixed, and the end of the high-strength steel wire B (6) is connected to the tail of the special-shaped anchoring end (5) through the eyebolt a (19); The special-shaped anchoring end (5) is a spearhead structure with a barb at the end, and the tail of the special-shaped anchoring end (5) is provided with a groove matching the wedge-shaped body (28) at the end of the special-shaped anchor rod (3). The anchoring end (5) is mechanically connected to the wedge (28) through the groove; the tail ends of the high-strength steel wire B (6) and the high-strength steel wire A (7) pass through the fixing protrusions of the fan-shaped groove (26) where they are respectively located (9) is connected with displacement monitoring system (11). 2. A detached multifunctional bolt capable of monitoring displacement in real time according to claim 1, characterized in that: the displacement monitoring system (11) includes an installation box, and a comprehensive reading instrument (24) is arranged in the installation box and the instrument panel (25), wherein the comprehensive reading instrument (24) and the instrument panel (25) are arranged up and down in the installation box, the model of the comprehensive reading instrument (24) is DatatakerDT80, and the left and right sides of the comprehensive reading instrument (24) are respectively provided with Two rectangular groove slideways (12) that are arranged horizontally, are respectively provided with bolts (13) on the rectangular groove slideway (12), and the left and right sides of instrument panel (25) are respectively provided with pointer slideway (14), and left The left pointer (15) slides on the pointer slideway (14) on the side, and the right pointer (16) slides on the pointer slideway (14) on the right side, and the left pointer (15) passes through the bolt (13) It is connected with high-strength steel wire A (7), and the right pointer (16) is connected with high-strength steel wire B (6) through bolt (13). The left pointer (15) and the right pointer (16) are located at the zero scale of the instrument panel (25) respectively, and the pointer slides (14) on the left and right sides are respectively provided with displacement sensors (22), two displacement sensors ( 22) Connect with the comprehensive reading instrument (24) through wires; when the movement of the surrounding rock causes the displacement of the special-shaped cross-section bolt (3), the positions of the high-strength steel wire A (7) and the high-strength steel wire B (6) remain unchanged, so that the end The partially connected left pointer (15) and right pointer (16) are displaced in the pointer slideway (14) to produce a reading. 3. A detached multifunctional bolt capable of monitoring displacement in real time according to claim 2, characterized in that: the fixed protrusion (9) is a smooth columnar structure, and the high-strength steel wire A (7) or high-strength steel wire One end of B(6) is connected and fixed with the eyebolt a(19) or eyebolt b(20) embedded in the special-shaped anchor end (5), and the anti-corrosion wiring tube (8) fixed in the fan-shaped groove (26) , wind the fixed projection (9) once and straighten it to adjust its steering, and then be fixedly connected with the pointer (15) on the left side or the pointer (16) on the right side in the displacement monitoring system (11). 4. A detached multifunctional bolt capable of monitoring displacement in real time according to claim 2, characterized in that: the left pointer (15) and the right pointer (16) are both provided with metal displacement sensing nodes , the left pointer (15) and the pointer slideway (14) where the right pointer (16) is located are all provided with a displacement sensor (22), when the left pointer (15) and the right pointer (16) move, they are located immediately The position information of the metal displacement sensing node corresponding to the position can be converted into data by the displacement sensor (22), and the displacement sensor (22) is connected with the comprehensive reading instrument (24) through the data line (23), and the left Pointer (15) and right hand pointer (16) two sets of displacement data reading; described displacement monitoring system (11) can read data macroscopically through instrument panel (25), also can read through comprehensive reading instrument (24) Accurate data, to prevent the failure of the integrated reading instrument (24) from causing large errors in the readings. 5. A method for using a detached multifunctional bolt that can monitor displacement in real time according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the specific steps are as follows: Firstly, the anchor hole (4) of the ladder structure is constructed at the pre-marked position of the surrounding rock (1). The anchor hole (4) includes a conventional anchor hole, and is constructed at the center of the bottom of the hole to accommodate the special-shaped anchor head (5). For step drilling, wrap the connecting part of the special-shaped anchor end (5) and the special-shaped cross-section anchor rod (3) with a high-elastic film (27), wherein the high-elastic film (27) is wrapped with an expansion agent (18) to expand The reaction time of the agent (18) should be set according to the material ratio, faster than the initial setting time of the anchoring agent; Send the anchoring agent glue roll, curing agent roll and the whole anchor rod into the anchor hole (4), start the agitator to make the special-shaped anchor rod (3) drive the special-shaped anchor end (5) to rotate and stir, so that the solid The cement glue roll and the curing agent roll are fully stirred and filled into the end of the special-shaped cross-section anchor rod (3) and the area of the anchor hole (4) where the special-shaped anchor end (5) is located. After the anchoring agent is cured, the anchoring agent is formed. body (17), then set the tray (2) and the anti-slip wire nut (10) on the anchor rod of the exposed section of the anchor hole in sequence, and provide pre-tightening force along the thread lead angle by pre-tightening the anti-slip wire nut (10); Then, the displacement monitoring system (11) is fixedly installed on the pallet (2), and the moving bolt (13) moves on the rectangular groove slideway (12) to make the high-strength steel wire B (6) and the high-strength steel wire A (7 ) under the tense state, the left pointer (15) and the right pointer (16) return to zero, and the comprehensive reading instrument (24) is connected by the data line (23); When the special-shaped cross-section bolt (3) is stretched and deformed with the deformation of the surrounding rock (1), the high-strength steel wire A (7) will pull the left pointer (15) to move upward along the pointer slide (14), and the high-strength steel wire will B (6) will also pull the right hand pointer (16) to move upwards along the pointer slideway (14). At this time, the position movement information of the metal displacement sensing nodes on the left pointer (15) and the right pointer (16) is converted into data by the displacement sensor (22), and the displacement sensor (22) transmits the data through the data line (23) To the integrated reading instrument (24); Read the data through the instrument panel (25) or comprehensive reading instrument (24) on the displacement monitoring system (11) to determine the stretching amount of the special-shaped cross-section anchor rod (3), set the reading of the left pointer (15) to _x1 , The reading of the right pointer (16) is x ₂ , if x ₁ = x ₂ and the reading is within the normal range, it means that the anchorage has not failed, so the stretching amount of the special-shaped cross-section anchor rod (3) is equal to the deformation amount of the surrounding rock (1); if x ₁ = x ₂ , but the reading is abnormally large, that is, outside the normal range, it means that the bolt is broken; When the anchor rod (3) with special-shaped cross-section fails to be anchored with the anchoring agent or anchor body, and the surrounding rock (1), the special-shaped anchor head (5) and the bolt with special-shaped cross-section (3) will be separated. At this time, the high-strength The steel wire A (7) and the special-shaped anchor rod (3) remain unchanged, while the high-strength steel wire B is dragged by the special-shaped anchor end (5); at this time, the reading of the left pointer (15) x ₁ is still the special-shaped cross-section anchor The stretching amount of the rod (3), the reading x ₂ of the pointer (16) on the right is the deformation displacement of the surrounding rock (1), at this time x ₁ ≠ x ₂ , the deformation displacement of the surrounding rock (1) should be equal to The sum of the elongation of the bolt (3) with special-shaped cross-section and the relative displacement of the bolt-surrounding rock is assumed to be Δl _relative to the anchor-surrounding rock relative displacement, that is, x ₂ =x ₁ +Δl _relative .

Images