CN115839382A - A vertically superimposed three-stage shock absorber based on metal rubber - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a vertical stacked type three-level shock absorber based on metal rubber, which comprises a shock absorber upper plate, a shock absorber bottom plate, a shock absorber inner cavity, a central screw rod and a three-level shock absorption mechanism, wherein the shock absorber upper plate and the shock absorber bottom plate are respectively arranged at the upper part and the bottom part of the shock absorber inner cavity, the central screw rod penetrates through the shock absorber upper plate and extends into the shock absorber inner cavity, and the three-level shock absorption mechanism is respectively a first-level shock absorption mechanism, a second-level shock absorption mechanism and a third-level shock absorption mechanism. The invention adopts a three-level superposition vibration reduction mode, solves the problem that the existing vibration absorber can not keep good vibration reduction performance under severe environment, and has good limiting and buffering effects.

Description

A vertically stacked three-stage shock absorber based on metal rubber

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of shock absorbers, in particular to a vertically superimposed three-stage shock absorber based on metal rubber.

Background technique

With the development of modern industry, all kinds of high-tech equipment are required to be able to work in extremely harsh environments such as space, deep sea, and polar regions. The extreme working environment poses a great challenge to vibration damping components and affects the performance of materials in harsh environments. There are also higher requirements.

At present, the commonly used shock absorbers are generally spring shock absorbers and rubber shock absorbers. This type of shock absorber is only suitable for a narrow temperature range, has poor corrosion resistance, and is prone to aging and loss. The shock absorber has a small stiffness or a small change in stiffness, and cannot produce a good vibration damping and limiting effect under impact conditions.

Moreover, the space utilization rate of the existing damping parts inside the shock absorber is low, and the structural size of the shock absorber is relatively large, so the installation of the shock absorber is a very time-consuming, labor-intensive and complicated problem.

Contents of the invention

Purpose of the invention: In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a vertically superimposed three-stage shock absorber based on metal rubber, which solves the problem that the existing shock absorber cannot maintain its own good vibration damping performance in harsh environments Problems, while having a good limit cushioning effect.

Technical solution: In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides a vertically superimposed three-stage shock absorber based on metal rubber, including the upper plate of the shock absorber, the bottom plate of the shock absorber, the inner cavity of the shock absorber, the central screw and the three-stage shock absorber. The shock absorber mechanism, the upper plate of the shock absorber and the bottom plate of the shock absorber are respectively installed on the upper part and the bottom of the inner cavity of the shock absorber, and the central screw extends into the inner cavity of the shock absorber through the upper plate of the shock absorber, The three-level damping mechanism is respectively a first-level vibration-damping mechanism, a second-level vibration-damping mechanism and a third-level vibration-damping mechanism;

The first-stage damping mechanism includes an outer annular metal rubber arranged on the periphery of the inner cavity of the shock absorber and a stainless steel compression spring assembled on the outer annular metal rubber. The upper end surface and the lower end surface of the outer ring annular metal rubber are respectively It is in contact with the upper plate of the shock absorber and the bottom plate of the shock absorber, and the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the stainless steel compression spring are respectively in contact with the upper plate of the shock absorber and the bottom plate of the shock absorber;

The second-stage vibration damping mechanism includes an anti-shock metal rubber block, a first strong magnet block and a second strong magnet block. The anti-shock metal rubber block is arranged at the bottom of the shock absorber inner cavity and contacts the bottom plate of the shock absorber. The first strong magnet block is set on the top of the impact-resistant metal rubber block, the second strong magnet block is embedded and fixed in the bottom of the central screw, and the first strong magnet block and the second strong magnet block are arranged opposite to each other ;

The third-stage damping mechanism includes disc springs combined in combination, and the disc springs are arranged between the upper plate of the shock absorber, the central screw rod and the inner cavity of the shock absorber, and the surface of the inner diameter of the disc spring is in contact with the center of the shock absorber. The outer surface of the screw rod is in clearance fit, and the outer diameter surface of the disc spring is in clearance fit with the inner cavity of the shock absorber.

Further, the ring-shaped metal rubber of the outer ring in the first-stage damping mechanism fits on the periphery of the inner cavity of the shock absorber through an interference fit, and the stainless steel pressure spring fits on the periphery of the ring-shaped metal rubber of the outer ring through a clearance fit.

Further, at least one first washer is arranged between the impact-resistant metal rubber block and the first powerful magnet block in the second-stage vibration damping mechanism, and there is a spacer between the first powerful magnet block and the second powerful magnet block. interstitial space.

Further, a boss is arranged in the cavity of the shock absorber, and at least one second washer is arranged on the top end of the disk spring in the third-stage shock absorbing mechanism, and the top end of the disk spring is connected to the second pad. The plates are in abutting contact with each other, and the bottom end is in abutting contact with the boss, and there is a gap space between the second washer and the upper plate of the shock absorber.

Further, the top end of the inner cavity of the shock absorber is provided with several upper threaded holes, the bottom end is provided with several lower threaded holes, and the upper plate of the shock absorber and the bottom plate of the shock absorber are respectively provided with upper threaded holes. The upper plate countersunk through hole and the lower plate countersunk through hole corresponding to the lower threaded hole, the upper plate of the shock absorber is fixed and installed on the inner cavity of the shock absorber by the upper screw, and the bottom plate of the shock absorber is fixed by the lower screw Installed on the inner chamber of the shock absorber.

Further, two lock nuts are arranged on the central screw, and a vibration-damped equipment installation plate is arranged on the center screw, and the vibration-damped equipment installation plate is fixed between the two lock nuts.

Further, the setting method of the first spacers in the second-stage vibration damping mechanism is: the thickness of the first spacers is controlled by the number of the first spacers placed, so as to realize the first strong magnet block and the second strong magnet block The control of the size of the gap is used to control the occurrence timing of the second stage damping mechanism.

Further, the setting method of the second shims in the third-stage damping mechanism is as follows: the thickness of the second shims is controlled by the number of second shims placed, so as to realize the gap between the second shims and the upper plate of the shock absorber The size of the control is used to control the timing of the occurrence of the third-stage damping mechanism.

Further, a crush-resistant metal rubber ring is arranged between the boss in the inner cavity of the shock absorber, the central screw, and the wall of the inner cavity of the shock absorber.

In the present invention, metal rubber, as a new type of elastic porous damping material, has the advantages of anti-fatigue aging, long life, high and low temperature resistance, radiation resistance and good performance in harsh environments. Metal rubber has large rigidity and is non-linear, very It is suitable as a vibration damping part; and a powerful magnet is used inside the shock absorber, which has strong hardness and good high temperature resistance; the internal disc spring is also used to withstand a large load with small deformation, and the overall has a good The damping effect of the limiter. Moreover, the metal-rubber-based vertically stacked three-stage shock absorber provided by the present invention has a compact internal structure, high utilization rate of space, and proper size of the shock absorber, which can play a shock-absorbing effect in a narrow space.

The invention provides a three-stage vibration damping mechanism, and the three-stage vibration damping mechanism is superimposed in the shock absorber, the first-stage vibration damping mechanism produces the effect; the second-stage vibration reduction is generated by the first The superposition of the mechanism and the second-level damping mechanism produces an effect; the third-level vibration reduction is produced by the superposition of the first-level vibration-damping mechanism, the second-level vibration-damping mechanism and the third-level vibration-damping mechanism.

In the present invention, the first-stage damping mechanism and the second-stage damping mechanism can change the stiffness and damping characteristics of the shock absorber by replacing metal rubber parts with different wire diameters and relative densities; the disc springs have the same thickness, same size, and same performance ; In the third-stage damping mechanism, the combination of disc springs can be changed to a superimposed or composite form, and the number of disc springs can be changed to further change the damping characteristics of the shock absorber; the second-stage damping mechanism and the first The three-stage vibration damping mechanism can adjust the vibration damping and anti-shock gap by increasing or decreasing the number of shims, and change the timing of different levels of vibration damping.

Beneficial effect: compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

1. The damping elements in the present invention are metal rubber, powerful magnets, disc springs and stainless steel compression springs, which have the advantages of high and low temperature resistance, radiation resistance, oil resistance, corrosion resistance and fatigue aging resistance, and are basically not affected by the external environment. It can maintain its own good performance in different environments; the shock absorber itself has a long life, and it will basically not be damaged during use, which reduces the waste of a lot of manpower and material resources.

2. Compared with the traditional shock absorber, the present invention will destroy the internal vibration damping parts when the traditional shock absorber is subjected to excessive impact displacement, while the present invention first passes through three stages of damping For the vibration reduction of the vibration mechanism, if the maximum impact displacement has not been reached at this time, the upper plate of the shock absorber will be in contact with the inner cavity of the shock absorber to prevent damage to the internal vibration damping parts.

3. Compared with the traditional shock absorber, the present invention has a three-stage shock absorber inside, and the shock absorber's shock-absorbing performance is better than the existing traditional primary shock absorber and two-stage shock absorber. The first-stage damping mechanism is composed of annular metal rubber and stainless steel compression spring in parallel, which has high damping and nonlinear stiffness; the second-stage shock-absorbing mechanism is made of impact-resistant metal rubber and two strong magnets facing the same pole, which also has Very high damping characteristics and non-linear stiffness characteristics; the third-stage shock absorbing mechanism is a disc spring combined with 6 pairs, with high stiffness characteristics; the first stage shock absorbing mechanism, the second stage shock absorbing mechanism and the third stage The parallel combination of the vibration damping mechanism produces high rigidity and high damping characteristics, which increases the vibration damping and anti-shock characteristics of the shock absorber.

4. Compared with the traditional shock absorber, the second-stage shock absorber and the third-stage shock absorber in the present invention can change the size of the gap in the shock absorber by adding or reducing the number of gaskets, and change the different shock absorbers. According to the timing of vibration, the actual performance of the shock absorber can be adjusted according to the actual situation, and it has better adaptability.

5. Compared with the traditional shock absorber, the third-stage shock absorber mechanism in the present invention can change the size of the gap and the overall stiffness of the shock absorber by changing the combination of disc springs and the number of disc springs, thereby changing the vibration resistance The shock performance makes the vibration damping and shock resistance performance adjustable.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a top view of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic sectional view of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the inner cavity of the shock absorber;

Fig. 4 is a bottom view of the present invention.

1- Mounting plate of damped equipment, 2- Lock nut, 3- Upper plate of shock absorber, 301- Center hole of upper plate, 302- Countersunk through hole of upper plate, 4- Upper screw, 5- Center screw, 6 -Second spacer, 7-shock absorber inner chamber, 701 upper threaded hole, 702 lower threaded hole, 8-disc spring, 9-outer ring ring metal rubber, 10-extrusion-resistant metal rubber ring, 11-stainless steel pressure Spring, 12-second powerful magnet block, 13-lower screw, 14-first strong magnet block, 15-shock absorber bottom plate, 1501-threaded through hole of lower plate, 1502-sunk head through hole of lower plate, 16-resistance Punch metal rubber block, 17-first spacer, 18-boss.

Detailed ways

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment, further illustrate the present invention, should be understood that these embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, after having read the present invention, those skilled in the art will understand various aspects of the present invention Modifications in equivalent forms all fall within the scope defined by the appended claims of this application.

As shown in Figures 1 to 4, the present invention provides a vertically stacked three-stage shock absorber based on metal rubber, which includes a shock absorber upper plate 3, a shock absorber bottom plate 15, a shock absorber inner cavity 7, a center The screw rod 5 and the three-stage shock absorbing mechanism, the shock absorber upper plate 3 and the shock absorber bottom plate 15 are respectively installed on the upper part and the bottom of the shock absorber inner cavity 7, and the central screw rod 5 passes through the shock absorber upper plate 3 and extends into the shock absorber. In the inner cavity 7 of the vibrator, the three-level damping mechanisms are respectively the first-level vibration-damping mechanism, the second-level vibration-damping mechanism and the third-level vibration-damping mechanism;

The first-stage damping mechanism includes an outer annular metal rubber 9 and a stainless steel compression spring 11. The outer annular metal rubber 9 is fitted on the periphery of the inner cavity 7 of the shock absorber through an interference fit, and the stainless steel compression spring 11 is through a clearance fit. Fitted on the periphery of the annular metal rubber 9 of the outer ring, the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the annular metal rubber 9 of the outer ring are in contact with the shock absorber upper plate 3 and the shock absorber bottom plate 15 respectively, and the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the stainless steel compression spring 11 are respectively It is in contact with the shock absorber upper plate 3 and the shock absorber bottom plate 15;

The second-stage vibration damping mechanism includes an anti-shock metal rubber block 16, a first strong magnet block 14 and a second strong magnet block 12, and the anti-shock metal rubber block 16 is arranged at the bottom of the shock absorber inner chamber 7 and the bottom plate 15 of the shock absorber. contact, the first strong magnet block 14 is arranged on the top of the impact-resistant metal rubber block 16, and a plurality of first gaskets 17 are arranged between the impact-resistant metal rubber block 16 and the first strong magnet block 14, and the second strong magnet block 12 is inlaid and fixed in the bottom nut of the central screw rod 5, the first powerful magnet block 14 and the second powerful magnet block 12 are arranged opposite to each other with the same pole, and there is a gap space between the first powerful magnet block 14 and the second powerful magnet block 12 .

The third-stage damping mechanism includes 6 pairs of disc springs 8 that are combined. The disc springs 8 are arranged between the shock absorber upper plate 3, the central screw 5 and the shock absorber inner cavity 7. It is in clearance fit with the outer surface of the central screw 5, and the outer diameter surface of the disc spring 8 is in clearance fit with the inner cavity 7 of the shock absorber. The inner cavity 7 of the shock absorber is provided with a boss 18, and the disc spring 8 in the third-stage damping mechanism A plurality of second gaskets 6 are provided at the top of the disc spring 8, the top of the disc spring 8 is in contact with the second gasket 6, the bottom end is in contact with the boss 18, the second gasket 6 and the shock absorber upper plate 3 There is a gap space between them, and an anti-extrusion metal rubber ring 10 is arranged between the boss 18 in the inner cavity of the vibrator 7, the central screw 5, and the wall of the inner cavity of the shock absorber.

The top of the shock absorber inner chamber 7 is symmetrically provided with four upper threaded holes 701, and the bottom end is also symmetrically provided with four lower threaded holes 702. The upper plate 3 of the shock absorber and the bottom plate 15 of the shock absorber are respectively provided with upper thread The holes 701 and the lower threaded holes 702 match the corresponding upper plate countersunk through holes 302 and the lower plate countersunk through holes 1502, and the upper plate 3 of the shock absorber is fixedly installed on the inner cavity 7 of the shock absorber by four upper screws 4. The shock absorber bottom plate 15 is fixedly installed on the shock absorber inner cavity 7 through four lower screws 13 .

The center screw 5 is provided with two lock nuts 2 , and the center screw 5 is provided with a damped equipment installation plate 1 , and the damped equipment installation plate 1 is fixed between the two lock nuts 2 .

Based on the above scheme, referring to Figures 1 to 4, the installation method of the above-mentioned vertically superimposed three-stage shock absorber is as follows:

First, the center screw 5 is inserted into the shock absorber cavity 7 through the upper plate center hole 301 through the upper plate 3 of the shock absorber, and then the impact-resistant metal rubber block 16, the first gasket 17, and the first strong magnet block 14 are placed on the bottom plate 15 of the shock absorber in turn, and the anti-extrusion metal rubber ring 10 is put into the inner cavity 7 of the shock absorber. The powerful magnet block 12 is exactly opposite to the center and opposite to the same pole. Due to the repulsion between the powerful magnets, contact equipment is required to forcibly press the shock absorber inner cavity 7 so that the bottom of the shock absorber inner cavity 7 contacts the shock absorber bottom plate 15. Tighten and fix the inner chamber 7 of the shock absorber on the bottom plate 15 of the shock absorber through four lower screws 13, insert the ring-shaped metal rubber 9 of the outer ring into the inner chamber 7 of the shock absorber, and the fit method is interference fit, and then put the The stainless steel compression spring 11 is assembled outside the annular metal rubber 9 of the outer ring, and the matching method is a clearance fit. Put the disc springs 8 combined in the combination mode on the boss 18 of the shock absorber inner cavity 7, and place them on the disc springs. Place the second gasket 6 on the top of 8, place the shock absorber upper plate 3 above the outer ring metal rubber 9 and the stainless steel compression spring 11, connect the center of the countersunk through hole 302 of the upper plate with the upper thread of the shock absorber inner cavity The center of the hole 701 is facing directly, use four upper screws 4 to fix the shock absorber upper plate 3 and the shock absorber inner cavity 7, and screw the lock nut 2 on the central screw 5, so that the lower surface of the lock nut 2 is in line with the The upper surface of the upper plate 3 of the shock absorber is in contact, and the damped equipment installation plate 1 is placed above the lock nut 2, and then the same lock nut 2 is screwed on the top of the damped equipment installation plate 1, and the It is fixed by the mounting plate 1 of the vibration damping device.

The shock absorber after assembly in this embodiment will install the damped equipment on the damped equipment mounting plate 1, and the damped equipment mounting plate 1 can be replaced according to the damped equipment installation interface, which is convenient for equipment installation The shock absorber bottom plate 15 is provided with four lower plate threaded through holes 1501, and the shock absorber bottom plate 15 is respectively fitted in the four lower plate threaded through holes 1501 by four screws to realize a fixed connection with the base.

In this embodiment, when the shock absorber bears the weight of the damped equipment, the ring-shaped metal rubber 9 of the outer ring and the stainless steel compression spring 11 will be pre-compressed at first. Or when the impact amount increases, the second-stage vibration-damping mechanism will play the role of vibration-damping and anti-shock at this time, and when the vibration displacement of the base or the impact amount increases again, the third-stage vibration-damping mechanism will play the role of vibration-damping and anti-shock.

In this embodiment, in order to meet the stiffness characteristics and damping characteristics under different vibration reduction environments, the relative density of the outer ring metal rubber 9 in the first-stage vibration reduction mechanism and the impact-resistant metal rubber block 10 in the second-stage vibration reduction mechanism can be changed. and wire diameters of metal wires made of metal rubber;

In this embodiment, in order to meet the stiffness characteristics and damping characteristics under different damping environments, the disc spring 8 in the third-stage damping mechanism can be replaced by a disc spring of different thickness, and the combination of the disc springs can be changed, such as Overlapping combination method, inverse combination method, composite combination method.

In this embodiment, in order to adjust the timing of the three-stage vibration reduction of the shock absorber in different vibration reduction environments, it can be between the impact-resistant metal rubber block 10 and the first strong magnet block 14 of the second-stage vibration reduction mechanism, and between Add or reduce spacers above the disc spring 8 of the third-stage damping mechanism, adjust the damping gap, and control the timing of the third-stage damping.

Claims (9)

1. A vertical stacked type three-level shock absorber based on metal rubber is characterized by comprising a shock absorber upper plate, a shock absorber bottom plate, a shock absorber inner cavity, a central screw rod and a three-level shock absorption mechanism, wherein the shock absorber upper plate and the shock absorber bottom plate are respectively installed at the upper part and the bottom part of the shock absorber inner cavity;

the first-stage vibration damping mechanism comprises outer ring annular metal rubber arranged on the periphery of an inner cavity of the vibration damper and a stainless steel pressure spring assembled on the outer ring annular metal rubber, the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the outer ring annular metal rubber are respectively abutted and contacted with an upper plate of the vibration damper and a bottom plate of the vibration damper, and the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the stainless steel pressure spring are respectively abutted and contacted with the upper plate of the vibration damper and the bottom plate of the vibration damper;

the second-stage vibration damping mechanism comprises an anti-impact metal rubber block, a first strong magnet block and a second strong magnet block, the anti-impact metal rubber block is arranged at the bottom of an inner cavity of the vibration damper and is in contact with a bottom plate of the vibration damper, the first strong magnet block is arranged at the top end of the anti-impact metal rubber block, the second strong magnet block is embedded and fixed in the bottom of the central screw rod, and the first strong magnet block and the second strong magnet block are arranged in opposite directions with the same poles;

the third-stage damping mechanism comprises a combined disc spring, the disc spring is arranged among an upper plate of the shock absorber, a central screw rod and an inner cavity of the shock absorber, the inner diameter surface of the disc spring is in clearance fit with the outer surface of the central screw rod, and the outer diameter surface of the disc spring is in clearance fit with the inner cavity of the shock absorber.

2. The metal rubber-based vertical stacked type three-stage vibration damper according to claim 1, wherein the outer ring-shaped metal rubber of the first-stage vibration damping mechanism is fitted on the periphery of the inner cavity of the vibration damper in an interference fit manner, and the stainless steel pressure spring is fitted on the periphery of the outer ring-shaped metal rubber in a clearance fit manner.

3. The metal-rubber-based vertical stack tertiary damper, as recited in claim 1, wherein at least one first spacer is disposed between the impact-resistant metal rubber block and the first high-force magnet block in the secondary damping mechanism, and a clearance space is present between the first high-force magnet block and the second high-force magnet block.

4. The metal rubber based vertical stack type tertiary vibration absorber as claimed in claim 1, wherein a boss is arranged in the inner cavity of the vibration absorber, at least one second gasket is arranged at the top end of a disc spring in the tertiary vibration absorbing mechanism, the top end of the disc spring is in abutting contact with the second gasket, the bottom end of the disc spring is in abutting contact with the boss, and a clearance space exists between the second gasket and the upper plate of the vibration absorber.

5. The metal rubber-based vertical stacked type three-stage vibration absorber as claimed in claim 1, wherein a plurality of upper threaded holes are formed in the top end of the inner cavity of the vibration absorber, a plurality of lower threaded holes are formed in the bottom end of the inner cavity of the vibration absorber, an upper plate countersunk through hole and a lower plate countersunk through hole which correspond to the upper threaded holes and the lower threaded holes in a matched manner are formed in the upper plate of the vibration absorber and the bottom plate of the vibration absorber respectively, the upper plate of the vibration absorber is fixedly mounted on the inner cavity of the vibration absorber through upper screws, and the bottom plate of the vibration absorber is fixedly mounted on the inner cavity of the vibration absorber through lower screws.

6. The metal rubber-based vertical superposition type three-level shock absorber as claimed in claim 1, wherein two locking nuts are arranged on the central screw, a mounting plate for the equipment to be damped is arranged on the central screw, and the mounting plate for the equipment to be damped is fixed between the two locking nuts.

7. The metal rubber-based vertical stack type tertiary damper as recited in claim 3, wherein the method for arranging the first gasket in the secondary damping mechanism comprises the following steps: the thickness of the first gaskets is controlled through the placing number of the first gaskets, so that the control of the size of the gap between the first powerful magnet block and the second powerful magnet block is realized, and the occurrence time of the second-stage vibration damping mechanism is controlled.

8. The metal rubber-based vertical superposition type tertiary damper according to claim 4, wherein the second gasket in the tertiary damper mechanism is arranged by the following method: the thickness of the second gaskets is controlled through the placing number of the second gaskets, the control of the size of the gap between the second gaskets and the upper plate of the shock absorber is achieved, and therefore the occurrence time of the third-stage shock absorption mechanism is controlled.

9. The metal rubber-based vertical superposition type three-stage vibration absorber as claimed in claim 4, wherein an anti-extrusion metal rubber ring is arranged among the boss in the inner cavity of the vibration absorber, the central screw rod and the wall of the inner cavity of the vibration absorber.

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