CN115804314B - A cultivation method for early-fruiting and high-yielding Dongshi Zaoyu - Google Patents
A cultivation method for early-fruiting and high-yielding Dongshi Zaoyu Download PDFInfo
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- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供了一种东试早柚早结丰产的栽培方法，涉及农林栽培技术领域。本发明以粗柠檬作为砧木，并提供完整的从嫁接苗至幼树和挂果树的管理方法，充分利用粗柠檬对柚树的影响，比传统采用酸柚砧木嫁接相比，提早开花结果并提高柚子的产量，减少资金投入，提高了经济收益。
The invention provides a cultivation method for early fruiting and high yield of Dongshi Zaoyou, and relates to the technical field of agricultural and forestry cultivation. The invention uses coarse lemon as a rootstock, and provides a complete management method from grafted seedlings to saplings and fruit-bearing trees, making full use of the influence of coarse lemon on pomelo trees, and compared with the traditional grafting using sour pomelo rootstock, the invention can bloom and bear fruit earlier and increase the yield of pomelo, reduce capital investment, and improve economic benefits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture and forestry cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for early-fruiting and high-yield of an early-stage grape fruit.
Background
The Dong-test early shaddock is an early-maturing good variety bred from a batch of variation individuals of shaddock seedlings, and belongs to a white-flesh honey shaddock. The Dong-test early shaddock has rich pulp, rich juice, moderate sweetness and sourness, good taste and higher nutritional value, and the Dong-test early shaddock is ripe in 9-10 months of fruits in German Hongli, so that the Dong-test early shaddock is a good product for being presented to relatives and friends before and after mid-autumn. According to the statistics of the grapefruit society in the Switzerland city, the planting area in the whole city reaches 1400hm 2, the fruiting area reaches 500hm 2, the total annual yield is 10000t, and the total yield value is 6000 ten thousand yuan. In recent years, the retail price of the Dong-test early shaddock is maintained at 16-25 yuan/day, so that the method has higher economic benefit and exponentially increases in cultivation area.
The pomelos are grafted and propagated, most of moisture and nutrients are absorbed by root systems of the stocks, and the resistances of the stocks of different types to acid and alkali, barren, drought, low temperature, diseases and insects and the like and the absorption capacity difference of the stocks to the different nutrients are large, so that the activity and fertilizer absorption capacity of the root systems of the pomelos are affected. The same variety of the shaddock scions and different varieties of the stocks can cause the shaddock to have different characteristics such as environmental adaptability, growth vigor, flowering and fruiting.
However, the early-stage grape fruits planted after grafting of conventional stock varieties such as sour pomelos start to bear fruits after 4-5 years after field planting, the production is late, and the investment is more in the early stage. Therefore, the method is necessary to change the variety and production management method of the existing Dong-test early shaddock, solves the key technology of early fruiting and high yield of the Dong-test early shaddock, and is a technical measure for improving and advancing the income demand of fruit farmers.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cultivation method for early fruiting and high yield of an eastern test early shaddock, which is characterized in that early fruiting is started in the second year after the shaddock is planted in a fixed mode, and high yield is achieved in the third year, so that the problems that the early shaddock in the eastern test is late in fruiting, late in production, high in investment in the early stage and the like are solved.
The invention provides a cultivation method for early-fruiting and high-yield of an eastern test early-stage pomelo, which comprises the following steps of sequentially backfilling straw and/or weeds, a mixture of decomposed farmyard manure, phosphate fertilizer and surface soil into a planting ditch or planting hole until the mixture is higher than the ground, and planting grafted seedlings of the eastern test early-stage pomelo;
after the grafted seedlings survive, the grafted seedlings enter young tree management and hanging tree management;
The young tree management comprises the steps of applying the ternary compound fertilizer for multiple times, sequentially increasing the fertilizing amount of the ternary compound fertilizer for each time by 10-20%, applying 20-30 kg of mature farmyard manure for each time in winter, reserving 3-4 robust branches above a trunk of 60cm, and erasing the top tips of the branches to form a high-yield tree crown;
The fruit tree management comprises the steps of irrigating once every 15-20 days in flower bud differentiation period, bud emergence period and flowering period, respectively fertilizing 1 time after the collection of pomelo fruits, after flower loss, during fruit expansion period and during fruit strengthening period, and pruning in winter after fruit collection.
Preferably, the specification of the planting ditch or the planting hole is 80-100 cm wide and 60-80 cm deep.
Preferably, during backfilling, the dosage of the decomposed farmyard manure is 30-50 kg/planting hole, the dosage of the phosphate fertilizer is 1.0-2.0 kg/planting hole, and the mixture of the decomposed farmyard manure, the phosphate fertilizer and the surface soil is backfilled to a position 30cm higher than the ground.
Preferably, the row spacing of the field planting plants of the grafted seedlings is (4-6) m× (5-7) m.
Preferably, when the sapling is managed, the ternary compound fertilizer comprises a high-nitrogen ternary compound fertilizer, wherein the mass of the high-nitrogen ternary compound fertilizer is 16-6-8 in terms of N, P 2O5 and K 2 O;
the high-nitrogen ternary compound fertilizer is applied for 8-10 times, and the first fertilization amount is 20 g/plant.
Preferably, when the hanging fruit trees are managed, fertilizer is applied in a fertilizer application ditch, wherein the fertilizer application ditch is a fertilizer application ditch dug at a water dripping line of a diagonal line of the tree, and the position is replaced once every year.
Preferably, the fertilization for managing the hanging tree comprises the steps of applying a thermal insulation winter fertilizer in the fertilization ditch after the harvesting of the pomelo, wherein the method comprises the steps of burying the trimmed branches and leaves, and applying 30-50 kg of organic fertilizer, 1-2 kg of balanced ternary compound fertilizer and 1-2 kg of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus for each plant;
After the flowers are removed, applying stable fruit fertilizer in the fertilizer application ditch for 1 time, wherein the stable fruit fertilizer comprises 0.5-0.8 kg of balanced ternary compound fertilizer applied to each plant;
applying a fruit swelling fertilizer in the fertilizing ditch for 1 time in the fruit swelling period, wherein the fruit swelling fertilizer comprises 1.0-1.5 kg of a high-nitrogen ternary compound fertilizer per plant;
Shi Zhuang fruit fertilizers are applied to each plant for 1 time in the fertilizing ditch in the fruit strengthening period, wherein the fruit fertilizers comprise 1.5-2.0 kg of high-potassium ternary compound fertilizers;
The balanced ternary compound fertilizer is 15-15-15 by mass of N, P 2O5 and K 2 O, and the high-potassium ternary compound fertilizer is 16-8-20 by mass of N, P 2O5 and K 2 O.
Preferably, when Shi Baonuan passes through winter fertilizer, digging deep trenches with the length of 1.0-1.5 m, the width of 0.3-0.4 m and the depth of 0.4-0.5 m under the drip line of each tree crown in the east-west direction or the north-south direction, burying the trimmed branches and leaves into the bottoms of the trenches, backfilling mixed fertilizer into the trenches, and covering the surface layer with soil;
When the fruit stabilizing fertilizer is applied, digging shallow trenches with the length of 1-1.5 m, the width of 0.1-0.15 m and the depth of 0.05-0.1 m under the drip line of each tree crown according to east-west direction or north-south direction, spreading the fertilizer into the shallow trenches, uniformly mixing with soil in the trenches, and returning to the soil for covering;
When the swelling fertilizer is applied, the swelling fertilizer is applied reversely to the stabilizing fertilizer under the drip line of each tree crown, shallow trenches with the length of 1-1.5 m, the width of 0.1-0.15 m and the depth of 0.05-0.1 m are dug, the fertilizer is spread into the shallow trenches, uniformly mixed with soil in the trenches and covered by the soil, and when the swelling fertilizer is applied, the swelling fertilizer is applied reversely to the stabilizing fertilizer under the drip line of each tree crown, the shallow trenches with the length of 1-1.5 m, the width of 0.1-0.15 m and the depth of 0.05-0.1 m are dug, the fertilizer is spread into the shallow trenches, uniformly mixed with the soil in the trenches and covered by the soil.
Preferably, pest control is included during both the sapling management and the hanging tree management.
Preferably, the pruning in winter is carried out after fruit picking, and the pruning principle comprises the steps of pruning overgrowth branches, upright branches and pest branches, thinning dense branch groups, leaving strong branches with medium growth vigor and fruiting branches which hang obliquely.
The invention has the beneficial effects that the invention provides a cultivation method for early fruiting and high yield of the Dong-test early shaddock, which takes the coarse lemon as a stock, provides a complete management method from grafted seedlings to saplings and fruit trees, fully utilizes the influence of the coarse lemon on shaddock trees, and improves the yield of shaddock, reduces the investment and improves the economic benefit by earlier flowering and fruiting compared with the traditional method adopting acid shaddock stock grafting. Specifically, by adopting the cultivation method, the first fruiting (10-20 per plant) is started in the second year after the grapefruit is planted, the high yield (30-40 per plant) is achieved in the third year, the fruiting can be carried out in advance, the economic benefit is produced in advance, and the use times and the use quantity of chemical fertilizers and pesticides can be reduced, and the cost is saved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 shows the fruiting of early shaddock in the third Dongdong test of the cultivation method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows the fruiting of early shaddock in the third eastern test of comparative example 1;
FIG. 3 shows the fruiting of early shaddock in the third eastern test of comparative example 2.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a cultivation method for early-fruiting and high-yield of an eastern test early-stage pomelo, which comprises the following steps of sequentially backfilling straw and/or weeds, a mixture of decomposed farmyard manure, phosphate fertilizer and surface soil into a planting ditch or planting hole until the mixture is higher than the ground, and planting grafted seedlings of the eastern test early-stage pomelo;
after the grafted seedlings survive, the grafted seedlings enter young tree management and hanging tree management;
The young tree management comprises the steps of applying the ternary compound fertilizer for multiple times, sequentially increasing the fertilizing amount of the ternary compound fertilizer for each time by 10-20%, applying 20-30 kg/plant of decomposed farmyard manure once in winter, reserving 3-4 robust branches above 60cm of trunk, and erasing the top tips of the branches to form a high-yield tree crown;
The fruit tree management comprises the steps of irrigating once every 15-20 days in flower bud differentiation period, bud emergence period and flowering period, respectively fertilizing 1 time after the collection of pomelo fruits, after flower loss, during fruit expansion period and during fruit strengthening period, and pruning in winter after fruit collection.
The grafted seedling takes the rough lemon as a stock, grafting can be carried out when the diameter of the seedling of the rough lemon at a position which is 15cm away from the ground reaches more than 0.5cm, the grafting method preferably comprises a single bud cutting grafting method, and the seedling plant height reaches 50-60 cm 60-90 days after grafting, and the seedling is transplanted. The cultivation process of the seedlings of the coarse lemon preferably comprises the steps of harvesting the coarse lemon fruits when the coarse lemon fruits are fully ripe, rinsing seeds, sowing, transplanting the seedlings into a planting bag when the seedlings grow to 8-10 cm, wherein the height of the planting bag is 35cm, the width of the opening is 12.5cm, and the bottom diameter is 12.5cm. The specific operation method of the single bud grafting method is not particularly limited, and conventional methods in the art may be used.
The invention carries out transplanting field planting on the grafted seedlings which are out of the nursery, the field planting plant row spacing of the grafted seedlings is (4-6) m multiplied by (5-7) m, the specific field planting density is slightly different according to different garden construction fields, for example, the field planting is carried out on sloping fields or terraces according to the plant spacing multiplied by the row spacing of 4-5 m multiplied by 5-6 m, and the flat land according to the plant spacing multiplied by the row spacing of 5-6 m multiplied by 6-7 m. The grafted seedlings are preferably planted in the planting ditches or the planting holes, the specifications of the planting ditches or the planting holes are preferably 80-100 cm wide and 60-80 cm deep, and the mixture of base fertilizer and backfilled soil and fertilizer is placed in the planting ditches or the planting holes and backfilled to a position 30cm higher than the ground. The invention preferably places straw, weeds and the like into the bottom of the planting ditch or planting hole, and then applies a mixture of decomposed farmyard manure, phosphate fertilizer and surface soil. The invention has no special limitation on the amount of the straws, weeds and the like, and can be put according to the field condition, so that the purpose of loosening the soil is achieved.
The backfill amount of the mixture is illustrated by taking planting holes as an example, 30-50 kg of decomposed farmyard manure and 1.0-2.0 kg of phosphate fertilizer are applied to each hole, the specific amount of the planting ditches is calculated and added according to two to three planting holes, and the planting quantity is taken as the reference. The invention performs the field planting of the grafted seedlings on the small soil bags higher than the planting holes or the planting furrows, and when in field planting, the seedlings are straightened, and special attention is paid to the situation that the seedlings are not planted too deeply, and the grafting openings are not buried in the soil.
The invention can enter sapling management in the current year after field planting and enter fruit tree hanging management in the second year, wherein the sapling management preferably comprises fertilizer and water management, pruning and shaping and pest control, and the fruit tree hanging management preferably comprises moisture management, fertilizer and shaping and pest control.
In the management period of the young tree, fertilizer and water management preferably comprises the following steps of observing seedling conditions after field planting, keeping soil moist and not being too dry (the water content of the soil is 60-80%), wherein after the young tree survives, the young tree is mainly fertilized with a high-nitrogen ternary compound fertilizer for 8-10 times in the first year of field planting, and the fertilization amount is gradually increased by 10-20% from 20g of each plant. The compound fertilizers are all ternary compound fertilizers (N-P 2O5-K2 O), the proportion of the balanced compound fertilizers is 15-15-15, the proportion of the high-nitrogen ternary compound fertilizers is 16-6-8, and the proportion of the high-potassium ternary compound fertilizers is 16-8-20. The pruning and shaping of the sapling preferably comprises the steps of reserving 3-4 robust branches above 60cm of a trunk, erasing tops of branches, promoting lateral bud growth and forming a high-yield crown. In young tree period, spraying pesticide to prevent and treat diseases and insect pests is needed to continuously spray veratrine (1000-1500 times) +mineral oil (150-200 times) +mancozeb (600-800 times) for 2 times for 3-5 months according to the occurrence characteristics of various diseases and insect pests to prevent and treat mites as a main component, and simultaneously combining with preventing and treating other pests, continuously spraying high-efficiency cyhalothrin (1000-1500 times) +spirotetramat (2500-3000 times) +thiophanate methyl (600-800 times) for 2-3 times for preventing and treating thrips, leaf miners, scale insects and the like, and simultaneously treating butterfly and anthracnose and the like, and spraying mineral oil (150-200 times) +copper (800-1000 times) +mancozeb (600-800 times) for 12 months for further cleaning gardens.
The method is used for managing the fruit tree after transplanting and planting in the next year, and the water management preferably comprises the steps that the shaddock tree is not suitable for large-area watering in the flower bud differentiation period (the water content is 40-50%), the bud emergence period (the water content is 60-70%) and the flowering period (the water content is 60-80%), or a large amount of flower and fruit falling is caused, but the shaddock tree is not too dry, and micro-spraying or drip irrigation can be carried out every 15-20 days. After flowering, when young fruits are stably seated, water needs to be irrigated to keep soil moist (the water content is 70-80%). No water can be filled in rainy season, water is drained and prevented from waterlogging, the harvesting period is 9-10 months, water filling is stopped, the soil humidity is kept dry, and the fruit sugar conversion of the pomelo is promoted. When the fruit tree is fertilized, slightly different from young trees, a fertilization ditch (diagonal line is replaced every year) with the width of 30-40 cm and the depth of 30-40 cm is dug outwards at the water dripping line of the diagonal line of the tree body, for example, after the fruit is harvested, the branches and leaves are trimmed and buried in the middle ten days of 11 to 12 months, the winter fertilizer is kept warm for 1 time, 30-50 kg of organic fertilizer, 1-2 kg of balanced compound fertilizer and 1-2 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are applied, the organic fertilizer is fully mixed with soil and buried in the fertilization ditch, shi Wenguo fertilizer is applied for 1 time after flowers are removed (middle and lower ten days of 4 months), 0.5-0.8 kg of balanced compound fertilizer is applied for 1 time in the fruit swelling period (5 months), and 1.5-2.0 kg of high-potassium ternary compound fertilizer is applied for 1 time in the strong fruit period (6 months). In the embodiment of the invention, the pruning of the branches and leaves is realized by digging a ditch with a length of 1.0-1.5 m, a width of 0.3-0.4 m and a depth of 0.4-0.5 m under the drip line of each tree crown, then burying the pruned branches and leaves into the ditch bottom, the warmth-keeping overwintering fertilizer is realized by applying 30-50 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 1.0-2.0 kg of balanced compound fertilizer and 1.0-2.0 kg of lime-magnesia phosphate fertilizer to each tree crown, fully mixing with soil and then filling the mixture into the fertilization ditch, the stable fruit fertilizer is realized by digging a shallow ditch with a length of 1.0-1.5 m, a width of 0.1-0.15 m and a depth of 0.05 m under each tree crown drip line, and then spreading the balanced compound fertilizer with a thickness of 0.5-0.8 kg in the shallow ditch, and then applying the three-dimensional fertilizer with a crown with a width of 1.0.0-0 kg and a depth of 1.5m under each tree crown drip line, and then uniformly spreading the three-dimensional fertilizer with a depth of 1-0.0.5 m in the shallow ditch, and uniformly spreading the three-dimensional fertilizer with a depth of 1-0.0.5 kg of 1-0.0 m under the drip line.
During fruit tree hanging, pruning and shaping preferably comprises the steps of pruning in winter after fruit picking, pruning principles, namely, pruning long branches, upright branches, pest branches, thinning dense branch groups, and leaving strong branches with medium growth vigor and fruiting branches with flat and oblique sagging. In pest control, spraying and controlling are required according to the occurrence characteristics of various pests, before flowering (2-4 months), continuously spraying veratrine (1000-1500 times) +mineral oil (150-200 times) +mancozeb (600-800 times) for 2 times to control mites mainly, simultaneously controlling other pests in a combined mode, continuously spraying high-efficiency cyhalothrin (1000-1500 times) +imidacloprid (5000-6000 times) +thiophanate methyl (600-800 times) for 2 times in a young fruit period (5-6 months), simultaneously controlling thrips, leaf miners, scale insects and the like mainly, simultaneously controlling other pests in a combined mode, continuously spraying imidacloprid (5000-6000 times) +spirotetramat (2500-3000 times) +chlorothalonil (600-800 times) for 2-3 times, simultaneously controlling rust, thrips, leaf miners, mainly, simultaneously controlling butterfly and anthracnose, and the like, and spraying mineral oil (150-200 times) +copper (600-800 times) for one time in winter to control of manganese in a garden.
The content of P 2O5 in the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is preferably more than or equal to 18%, and the organic fertilizer is preferably livestock manure or a mixture of livestock manure and cake fertilizer. In the invention, bactericides and pesticides used in chemical prevention and control of the plant diseases and insect pests in the orchard are purchased and sold on the market, and the pesticides meet the national pesticide safety use standard.
For further explanation of the present invention, a cultivation method for early-fruiting and high-yield of early-stage pomelo according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
(1) Seedling cultivation
A. Selecting a stock, namely taking coarse lemon as a stock variety;
b. The stock seedling cultivation, namely harvesting the coarse lemon fruits when the coarse lemon fruits are fully ripe, rinsing the seeds, sowing, transplanting the coarse lemon fruits into a planting bag when the seedlings grow to 8-10 cm, and grafting when the diameter of the coarse lemon fruits at the position 15cm away from the ground reaches more than 0.5 cm;
c. Grafting by taking the Dong trial early shaddock as a scion variety, and taking a single bud cutting grafting method, and taking out the nursery after grafting when the plant height of the seedling reaches 50-60 cm 60-90 days;
(2) Transplanting field planting
A. the planting density is 4m multiplied by 5m;
b. digging a planting ditch, namely digging a planting ditch with the width of 80cm and the depth of 60 cm;
c. placing base fertilizer and backfill soil, namely placing 30cm straws, weeds and the like at the bottom of each hole, then applying 40kg of decomposed farmyard manure and 1.0kg of phosphate fertilizer to each hole, fully mixing the fertilizer with surface soil, and backfilling the mixture to the positions above the straws and the weeds, wherein the backfill height is 60cm;
d. The planting method is that the seedlings are straightened during planting, and special attention is paid to the fact that the seedlings are not planted too deeply, and the grafting openings are not buried in soil.
(3) Post-field young tree management
A. After the seedlings survive, the young trees are mainly fertilized for 8 times in the whole year of the first field planting by using a high-nitrogen compound fertilizer, and the fertilization amount is gradually increased by 20% from 20g of each plant at the beginning;
b. Pruning, namely reserving 3-4 robust branches above 60cm of a trunk, erasing tops of branches, and promoting lateral bud growth to form a high-yield tree crown;
c. The pest control is to continuously spray veratrine (1000-1500 times) +mineral oil (1000-1500 times) +mancozeb (600-800 times) for 2 times for 3-5 months according to the occurrence characteristics of various pests so as to control mites as a main component, and simultaneously control other pests in combination, continuously spray high-efficiency cyhalothrin (1000-1500 times) +spirotetramat (2500-3000 times) +thiophanate methyl (600-800 times) for 2-3 times for 7-9 months so as to control thrips, leaf miners, scale worms and the like, and simultaneously control butterfly and anthracnose and the like, and spray mineral oil (150-200 times) +copper (800-1000 times) +mancozeb (600-800 times) for 12 months for further cleaning the garden.
(4) Hanging tree management
A. And the water management is that the pomelo tree is not suitable for large-area irrigation in the bud differentiation period, the bud emergence period and the flowering period, or a large amount of flowers and fruits can not fall, but the pomelo tree is not too dry, and micro-spraying or drip irrigation can be carried out every 15-20 days. After flowering, when young fruits are sitting stably, irrigation is needed to keep soil moist. No water can be filled in rainy season, water is drained and prevented from waterlogging, the harvesting period is 9-10 months, the soil humidity is kept dry, and the fruit sugar conversion of the pomelo is promoted;
b. The fertilization management comprises the steps of digging 30-40 cm wide and 30-40 cm deep fertilization grooves (diagonal line replacement every year) outside the drip line of the diagonal line of a tree after the pomelo is harvested in the middle ten days of 11 to 12 months, keeping warm and wintering fertilizer for 1 time, filling the trimmed branches and leaves, applying 30-50 kg of organic fertilizer, 1-2 kg of balanced compound fertilizer and 1-2 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, fully mixing with soil, filling the mixture into the fertilization grooves, covering the fertilization grooves with the soil again, covering Shi Baonuan wintering fertilizer, applying Shi Wenguo fertilizer for 1 time after flowers are removed (middle and lower ten days of 4 months), applying 0.5-0.8 kg of balanced ternary compound fertilizer for 1 time in the fruit swelling period (5 months), and applying 1.0-1.5 kg of high-potassium ternary compound fertilizer for 1 time in the fruit swelling period (6 months).
Specifically:
The pruning of the branches and leaves is to dig a ditch with the length of 1.0-1.5 m, the width of 30-40 cm and the depth of 30-40 cm according to the size of the tree crowns in the east-west direction or the north-south direction under the drip line of each tree crown, and then to embed the pruned branches and leaves into the bottom of the ditch.
The thermal winter fertilizer is prepared by digging fertilizing grooves with the width of 0.3-0.4 m and the depth of 0.3-0.4 m outside the water dripping line of the diagonal line of the tree according to the east-west direction or the north-south direction under the water dripping line of each tree crown, digging lengths of 1.0-1.5 m according to the size of the tree crown, applying 40kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 1.5kg of balanced compound fertilizer and 1.0kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer according to each tree, fully mixing with soil, and filling the mixture into the fertilizing grooves. Mixing the fertilizers, backfilling the mixed soil into the ditch, and covering the surface layer with soil.
The application of the fruit stabilizing fertilizer is to dig shallow trenches with the length of 1.0-1.5 m, the width of 0.1-0.15 m and the depth of 0.05-0.1 m under the drip line of each tree crown according to east-west direction or north-south direction, spread balanced compound fertilizer 0.8kg in the shallow trenches, uniformly mix with soil in the trenches and cover the soil.
The application of the swelling fertilizer is to apply the swelling fertilizer reversely to the stable fruit fertilizer under the drip line of each tree crown, dig shallow trenches with the length of 1.0-1.5 m, the width of 0.1-0.15 m and the depth of 0.05-0.1 m, spread 1.0kg of the high-nitrogen ternary compound fertilizer into the shallow trenches, uniformly mix with soil in the trenches, and then cover the soil.
The application of the fruit strengthening fertilizer is to apply the fruit strengthening fertilizer reversely to the application of the fruit stabilizing fertilizer under the drip line of each tree crown, dig shallow trenches with the length of 1.0-1.5 m, the width of 0.1-0.15 m and the depth of 0.05-0.1 m, spread 1.5kg of high-potassium ternary compound fertilizer into the shallow trenches, uniformly mix with soil in the trenches, and then cover the soil.
C. pruning, namely pruning in winter after fruit picking, namely pruning the fruits in principle of heavy top down, heavy outside and light inside, pruning overgrown branches, upright branches, sick insect branches, thinning out dense branch groups, and leaving strong branches with medium growth vigor and fruiting branches which drop obliquely.
D. The pest control is to spray veratrine (1000-1500 times) +mineral oil (150-200 times) +mancozeb (600-800 times) for 2 times before flowering (2-4 months) according to the occurrence characteristics of various pests so as to control mites mainly, and simultaneously control other pests in a combined mode, continuously spray high-efficiency cyhalothrin (1000-1500 times) +imidacloprid (5000-6000 times) +thiophanate methyl (600-800 times) for 2 times in a young fruit period (5-6 months), and spray mineral oil (150-200) +copper (5000-1000 times) +mancozeb) for mainly, simultaneously control other pests in a combined mode (7-9 months) so as to control rust, thrips, moths, sepioles and the like mainly, and simultaneously control phoenix butterfly and anthracnose, and the like, and spray imidacloprid (5000-6000 times) +spirotetrazine (2500-3000 times) for 2-3 times in winter for one time.
Except for different stock varieties, the breeding, transplanting and cultivation conditions of other seedlings are the same, 9 plants are selected for measurement in each treatment, the measurement is repeated for 3 times, and yield statistics (shown in figures 1-3) is carried out in the 2 nd to 3 rd years after the transplanting, and the results are shown in tables 1-2. In addition, 9 fruits (1 fruit is selected for each plant of the coarse lemon stock, and at least 1 fruit is selected for the lime stock and the bitter orange stock) are selected for each treatment at 3 years after field planting, and the results are shown in table 3.
Comparative example 1 grapefruit was used as the stock.
Comparative example 2 fructus Aurantii was used as the stock.
TABLE 1 Effect of different stocks on yield of Dong test early shaddock (2 nd year after field planting)
TABLE 2 influence of different stocks on yield of Dong-test early shaddock (3 rd year after field planting)
TABLE 3 influence of different stocks on the fruit quality of Dong-test early shaddock (3 rd year after field planting)
In summary, the traditional sour pomelo is cultivated for 3-4 years, and 0-5 fruits are obtained for each plant. By adopting the technology, the number of fruits per plant in the second year is 10-20, the number of fruits per plant in the third year is 30-40, and the number of fruits per plant is increased by 25-35 than that of the traditional cultivation. The mature early shaddock in the embodiment 1 has moderate weight, thin and smooth shaddock peel, fine and smooth pulp, high solid-acid ratio and good taste.
Although the foregoing embodiments have been described in some, but not all, embodiments of the invention, it should be understood that other embodiments may be devised in accordance with the present embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A cultivation method for early-fruiting and high-yield of Dong-test early-stage pomelos is characterized by comprising the following steps of sequentially backfilling straw and/or weeds, a mixture of decomposed farmyard manure, phosphate fertilizer and surface soil into a planting ditch or planting hole until the mixture is higher than the ground, and planting grafted seedlings of the Dong-test early-stage pomelos;
after the grafted seedlings survive, the grafted seedlings enter young tree management and hanging tree management;
The young tree management method comprises the steps of applying a ternary compound fertilizer to each plant for multiple times, sequentially increasing the fertilizing amount of the ternary compound fertilizer by 10-20%, applying 20-30 kg/plant of decomposed farmyard manure once in winter, reserving 3-4 robust branches above a trunk of 60cm, and erasing branch tips to form a high-yield tree crown, wherein the ternary compound fertilizer comprises a high-nitrogen ternary compound fertilizer which is 16-6-8 in terms of N, P 2O5 and K 2 O by mass, and the high-nitrogen ternary compound fertilizer is applied for 8-10 times in total, and the fertilizing amount of the first time is 20 g/plant;
The management of the hanging tree comprises the steps of irrigating once every 15-20 days in flower bud differentiation period, bud emergence period and flowering period, respectively fertilizing 1 time after the harvesting, flower withering, fruit expansion period and fruit strengthening period of the pomelo, trimming in winter after the harvesting, and fertilizing in a fertilizing ditch which is a fertilizing ditch dug at the drip line of the diagonal line of the tree and is replaced once every year when the hanging tree is managed;
The fertilization during the management of the hanging fruit trees comprises the steps of applying a thermal insulation winter fertilizer in the fertilization ditch after the harvesting of the pomelo fruits, including burying the trimmed branches and leaves, and applying 30-50 kg of organic fertilizer, 1-2 kg of balanced ternary compound fertilizer and 1-2 kg of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus to each plant;
After the flowers are removed, applying stable fruit fertilizer in the fertilizer application ditch for 1 time, wherein the stable fruit fertilizer comprises 0.5-0.8 kg of balanced ternary compound fertilizer applied to each plant;
applying a fruit swelling fertilizer in the fertilizing ditch for 1 time in the fruit swelling period, wherein the fruit swelling fertilizer comprises 1.0-1.5 kg of a high-nitrogen ternary compound fertilizer per plant;
Shi Zhuang fruit fertilizers are applied to each plant for 1 time in the fertilizing ditch in the fruit strengthening period, wherein the fruit fertilizers comprise 1.5-2.0 kg of high-potassium ternary compound fertilizers;
15-15-15% of the balanced ternary compound fertilizer by mass of N, P 2O5 and K 2 O, and 16-8-20% of the high-potassium ternary compound fertilizer by mass of N, P 2O5 and K 2 O;
Digging deep trenches with the length of 1.0-1.5 m, the width of 0.3-0.4 m and the depth of 0.4-0.5 m under the drip line of each tree crown when Shi Baonuan passes through winter fertilizer, burying the trimmed branches and leaves into the trench bottoms, backfilling each fertilizer mixed soil into the trench, and covering the surface layer with soil, wherein the dosage of the decomposed farmyard manure is 30-50 kg/planting hole, the phosphorus fertilizer is 1.0-2.0 kg/planting hole, and backfilling the mixture of the decomposed farmyard manure, the phosphorus fertilizer and surface soil to a position 30cm higher than the ground when backfilling;
when the fruit stabilizing fertilizer is applied, digging shallow trenches with the length of 1-1.5 m, the width of 0.1-0.15 m and the depth of 0.05-0.1 m under the drip line of each tree crown according to east-west direction or north-south direction, spreading the fertilizer into the shallow trenches, uniformly mixing with soil in the trenches, and covering by returning soil;
When the swelling fertilizer is applied, the swelling fertilizer is applied reversely to the stable fruit fertilizer under the drip line of each tree crown, shallow trenches with the length of 1-1.5 m, the width of 0.1-0.15 m and the depth of 0.05-0.1 m are dug, the fertilizer is spread into the shallow trenches, uniformly mixed with soil in the trenches, and then the soil is returned to cover;
When applying the fruit strengthening fertilizer, applying the fruit strengthening fertilizer reversely to the water dripping line of each tree crown, digging shallow trenches with the length of 1-1.5 m, the width of 0.1-0.15 m and the depth of 0.05-0.1 m, spreading the fertilizer into the shallow trenches, uniformly stirring with soil in the trenches, and covering by returning soil;
the pruning in winter is carried out after fruit picking, and the pruning principle comprises the steps of pruning overgrown branches, upright branches and pest branches, thinning out dense branch groups, leaving strong branches with medium growth vigor and fruiting branches with flat and oblique sagging.
2. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the planting groove or planting hole has a width of 80-100 cm and a depth of 60-80 cm.
3. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the row spacing of the field plant of the grafted seedling is (4-6) m× (5-7) m.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein pest control is included during both the sapling management and the hanging tree management.
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| 东试早柚生物学性状及栽培技术;伍卫 等;《现代化农业》;20201231(第6期);37-38 * |
| 肖慈木 等.《柚的矮化密植技术》.四川科学技术出版社,1993,39-40. * |
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