CN115750695A - Large-scale numerical control gear hobbing machine knife rest gear shifting mechanism and gear shifting method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a large-scale numerically controlled gear hobbing machine tool rest shifting mechanism and a shifting method thereof, comprising a motor installed on the gear hobbing machine and a primary shaft, the primary shaft is provided with a first gear and a second gear, and the primary shaft is a There is a spline shaft on the side, the third gear and the fourth gear are slidably connected to the spline shaft, a shift shaft is arranged on one side of the spline shaft, the shift shaft is connected with a power unit and a limit block, and the power unit can drive The shift shaft moves axially, and then drives the third gear and the fourth gear to move axially along the spline shaft, thereby changing the transmission connection mode between the primary shaft and the spline shaft. , the spline shaft is connected with the main shaft of the tool post by driving the rear stage gear. The gear shifting mechanism of a tool holder of a large-scale numerically controlled gear hobbing machine of the present invention has two gears, can run stably under two working conditions of high-efficiency cutting and heavy-load cutting, and the motor always runs in the rated speed range, and has a long service life.

Description

A large-scale numerically controlled gear hobbing machine turret shifting mechanism and its shifting method

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of mechanical equipment, and in particular relates to a large-scale numerically controlled gear hobbing machine tool rest shift mechanism and a shift method thereof.

Background technique

When the large-scale CNC gear hobbing machine is hobbing, there are two working conditions: high-speed and high-efficiency cutting and heavy-duty cutting. When a large CNC gear hobbing machine performs high-efficiency cutting, the main shaft of the hobbing machine tool holder needs to enter a state of high-speed rotation; when a large-scale gear hobbing machine performs heavy-duty cutting, the main shaft of the hobbing machine tool holder needs to enter a state of low-speed rotation. However, the traditional large-scale CNC gear hobbing machine tool post transmission has only one gear. According to the power torque characteristic curve of the servo motor, when the motor speed is greater than the rated speed when the large-scale CNC gear hobbing machine performs efficient cutting, the torque of the motor will drop sharply, resulting in gear hobbing. Cutting force decreases and spindle load increases. The reduction of cutting force and the increase of spindle load will lead to aggravated tool damage. When the motor speed is higher than the rated speed, the gears on the motor shaft will run at high speed, which will accelerate the damage of gears and bearings. When a large-scale CNC gear hobbing machine performs heavy-duty cutting, the hob speed is low and the cutting force is large. At this time, because the traditional large-scale CNC gear hobbing machine has only one gear, the low spindle torque will cause a large motor load and cannot complete heavy-duty cutting.

Therefore, there is a need for a mechanism or method capable of shifting gears on the main shaft of the tool post, so that the high-alloy indexable hob/milling cutter/integral high-speed steel hob can work stably under two cutting conditions.

Contents of the invention

In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a large-scale numerically controlled gear hobbing machine tool rest shifting mechanism and its shifting method. The invention aims to solve the problem that the traditional gear hobbing machine tool holder has only one gear and cannot work stably under the two working conditions of high-efficiency cutting and heavy-duty cutting.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a gear shifting mechanism for a tool holder of a large CNC gear hobbing machine, which includes a primary shaft, one end of which is connected to the output shaft of the motor through a coupling, and the other end is rotationally connected to the hobbing machine housing , the primary shaft is fixedly connected with the first gear and the second gear, and one side of the primary shaft is provided with a spline shaft that is rotatably connected with the gear hobbing machine housing, and the spline shaft is parallel to the primary shaft, The splined shaft is provided with a third gear and a fourth gear, the third gear is fixedly connected with the fourth gear, splines are arranged inside the third gear and the fourth gear, and the third gear and the fourth gear are fixedly connected. The fourth gear is slidingly connected with the spline shaft through a spline, the third gear can be meshed with the first gear, and the fourth gear can be meshed with the second gear. The key shaft is parallel to the shift shaft. The shift shaft is connected with a power unit and a limit block. The limit block is fixedly connected with the power unit. The side of the limit block close to the fourth gear is provided with a The four gears are matched with the card slot, the power unit can drive the shift shaft to move axially, and then drive the third gear and the fourth gear to move axially along the spline shaft, thereby changing the primary shaft and the spline shaft In the way of transmission connection, the spline shaft is provided with a driving rear-stage gear, and the spline shaft is connected to the main shaft of the tool post through the driving rear-stage gear, and the motor and the power unit are both electrically connected to the numerical control system of the gear hobbing machine.

Further, the end of the shift shaft away from the limit block is provided with a signal block, and one side of the signal block is provided with a low-speed gear sensor and a high-speed gear sensor, and the shift shaft drives the signal block to move to the high-speed gear sensor. , the first gear meshes with the third gear, and when the shift shaft drives the signal block to move to face the low gear sensor, the second gear meshes with the fourth gear.

With such a structural design, the meshing condition of the gears can be directly judged through the signal block, the low-speed gear sensor and the high-speed gear sensor, which is simple and intuitive.

Further, the limit block is connected with the shift shaft through a set screw and a fixed screw.

Such a structural design can stably fix the shift limit block on the shift shaft.

Further, the third gear is fixedly connected with the fourth gear through screws.

Such a structural design can stably connect the third gear and the fourth gear together.

Further, the power unit is an air cylinder/oil cylinder/electric push rod.

With such a structural design, there are more driving modes and stronger applicability.

The present invention also provides a method for shifting gears of a tool rest of a large-scale numerically controlled gear hobbing machine, and the specific operations are as follows:

A. Turn off the motor, and monitor the operation of the motor shaft through the numerical control system until the motor shaft stops completely;

B. Set the shifting conditions: the speed is n0, and then input the working speed n;

When n≥n0, the numerical control system judges that it is necessary to shift to a high gear, and the numerical control system sends an electrical signal of "high gear" to the power unit, and starts the power unit to drive the shift shaft and the limit block to move to the first gear until the high gear The sensor feeds back an electrical signal of "high-speed matching completed" to the CNC system, and then starts the motor to perform efficient cutting;

When n<n0, the numerical control system judges that it is necessary to shift to a low gear, and the numerical control system sends an electrical signal of "low gear" to the power unit, and starts the power unit to drive the shift shaft and the limit block to move to the second gear until the low speed The gear sensor feeds back to the numerical control system an electrical signal of "low-speed matching completed", and then the motor can be started for heavy-duty cutting.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

The present invention provides a large-scale numerically controlled gear hobbing machine tool holder gear shifting mechanism and its gear shifting method. And the limit block, the power unit can be used to change the transmission connection mode of the primary shaft and the spline shaft, so as to shift gears, so that the tool holder spindle can enter the high-speed gear at high speed for efficient cutting, and enter the low-speed gear at low speed. Load cutting; the gear shifting mechanism of the gear hobbing machine tool holder of the present invention, under the two working conditions of high-efficiency cutting and heavy-duty cutting, the motor always runs in the rated speed range, which means that the rated torque range rotates roundly. This method conforms to the characteristics of the motor and protects the The motor is improved, and the life of the bearing and transmission gear of the motor shaft is improved.

Other advantages, objects and features of the present invention will be set forth in the ensuing description to some extent, and will be obvious to those skilled in the art based on the investigation and research below to some extent, or can be Learn from the practice of the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the following specification.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the front view of a kind of large-scale numerically controlled gear hobbing machine tool rest shifting mechanism of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the sectional view of A-A section among Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is the sectional view of B-B section among Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is the sectional view of C-C section among Fig. 1;

The reference signs in the figure are as follows: primary shaft 1, coupling 2, motor 3, gear hobbing machine housing 4, first gear 5, second gear 6, spline shaft 7, third gear 8, fourth gear 9, Shift shaft 10, limit block 11, driving rear stage gear 12, signal block 13, low speed gear sensor 14, high speed gear sensor 15, set screw 16, fixing screw 17.

Detailed ways

In order to make the technical solutions, advantages and objectives of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Apparently, the described embodiments are some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the described embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

As shown in Fig. 1-Fig. 4, the present invention provides a large-scale numerically controlled gear hobbing machine tool post shift mechanism, including a primary shaft 1, the left end of the primary shaft 1 is connected with the output shaft of the motor 3 through a coupling 2, and the primary The right end of the shaft 1 is rotatably connected with the gear hobbing machine housing 4 , and the primary shaft 1 is fixedly connected with a first gear 5 and a second gear 6 , and the diameter of the first gear 5 is greater than that of the second gear 6 . One side of the primary shaft 1 is provided with a spline shaft 7 rotatably connected to the gear hobbing machine housing 4, the spline shaft 7 is parallel to the primary shaft 1, and the spline shaft 7 is provided with a third gear 8 and a fourth gear 9, The fourth gear 9 is larger than the diameter of the third gear 8, the third gear 8 and the fourth gear 9 are provided with splines, the third gear 8 and the fourth gear 9 are slidably connected with the spline shaft 7 by the splines, the third The gear 8 is fixedly connected with the fourth gear 9 by screws. One side of the spline shaft 7 is provided with a shift shaft 10 parallel to the spline shaft 7, and the shift shaft 10 is connected with a power unit and a limit block 11. The example power unit of this embodiment is an oil cylinder, and the limit block 11 passes through a tight The set screw 16 and the set screw 17 are fixedly connected with the power unit, and the side of the limit block 11 close to the fourth gear 9 is provided with a card slot matching with the edge of the fourth gear 9, and the power unit can drive the shift shaft 10 to do an axial shift. movement, and then drive the third gear 8 and the fourth gear 9 to move axially along the spline shaft 7, thereby changing the transmission connection mode between the primary shaft 1 and the spline shaft 7, so that the third gear 8 is in phase with the first gear 5 Mesh or make the fourth gear 9 cooperate with the second gear 6, the spline shaft 7 is fixedly connected with the driving rear stage gear 12, and the spline shaft 7 is connected with the tool post main shaft through the driving rear stage gear 12.

A signal block 13 is installed on the end of the shift shaft 10 away from the limit block 11, and a low-speed gear sensor 14 and a high-speed gear sensor 15 are arranged on one side of the signal block 13, and the shift shaft 10 drives the signal block 13 to move to face the high-speed gear sensor 15 , the first gear 5 meshes with the third gear 8, and when the shift shaft 10 drives the signal block 13 to move to face the low gear sensor 14, the second gear 6 meshes with the fourth gear 9. The motor 3, the power unit, the low gear sensor 14 and the high gear sensor 15 are all electrically connected to the numerical control system of the gear hobbing machine.

The present invention also provides a method for shifting gears of a tool rest of a large-scale numerically controlled gear hobbing machine, and the specific operations are as follows:

A. Turn off the motor 3, and monitor the operation of the motor shaft through the numerical control system until the motor shaft stops completely;

B. Set the shifting conditions: the speed is n0, and then input the working speed n;

When n≥n0, the numerical control system judges that it is necessary to shift to a high gear, and the numerical control system sends an electrical signal of "high gear" to the power unit, and starts the power unit to drive the shift shaft 10 and the limit block 11 to move to the first gear 5, Until the high-speed gear sensor 15 feeds back to the numerical control system an electrical signal of "high-speed matching is completed", then start the motor 3 to perform efficient cutting;

When n<n0, the numerical control system judges that it is necessary to shift to a low gear, and the numerical control system sends an electrical signal of "low gear" to the power unit, and starts the power unit to drive the shift shaft 10 and the limit block 11 to move to the second gear 6 , until the low-speed gear sensor 14 feeds back an electric signal of "low-speed matching is completed" to the numerical control system, and then the motor 3 can be started to perform heavy-duty cutting.

Embodiment one

Input the operating speed n1 of the main shaft on the man-machine interface, the numerical control system judges that n1<n0, and needs to shift to a low gear, and the numerical control system sends an electric signal of "low gear" to the power unit, and starts the power unit to drive the shift shaft 10 and The limit block 11 moves towards the second gear 6, and the limit block 11 is offset against the fourth gear 9, thereby driving the third gear 8 and the fourth gear 9 to move towards the second gear 6 until the low gear sensor 14 feeds back to the numerical control system "Low-speed matching complete" electrical signal, at this time the fourth gear 9 is meshed with the second gear 6, and then the motor 3 is started, and the motor 3 drives the primary shaft 1, the first gear 5 and the second gear 6 to rotate synchronously, and the circumference is relatively small. The second small gear 6 meshes with the fourth gear 9 with a larger circumference, and then drives the spline shaft 7 and the rear stage gear 12 to rotate at a low speed, and drives the latter stage gear 12 to be connected with the main shaft of the tool post, thereby driving the alloy Indexing hobs/milling cutters/solid HSS hobs for heavy duty cutting.

Embodiment two

Input the operating speed n2 of the main shaft on the man-machine interface, the numerical control system judges that n2≥n0, and the gear needs to be shifted to a high gear, the numerical control system sends an electrical signal of "high speed gear" to the power unit, and starts the power unit to drive the shift shaft 10 and limit The bit block 11 moves toward the first gear 5, and the limit block 11 is offset against the fourth gear 9, thereby driving the third gear 8 and the fourth gear 9 to move toward the first gear 5 until the high-speed gear sensor 15 feeds back to the numerical control system a " High-speed matching complete" electrical signal, at this time the third gear 8 meshes with the first gear 5, and then the motor 3 is started, and the motor 3 drives the primary shaft 1, the first gear 5 and the second gear 6 to rotate synchronously, with a larger circumference The first gear 5 meshes with the third gear 8 with a smaller circumference, and then drives the spline shaft 7 and the rear-stage gear 12 to rotate at high speed, and drives the latter-stage gear 12 to be connected with the main shaft of the tool post, thereby driving the alloy to rotate Bit hob/milling cutter/integral high-speed steel hob for efficient cutting.

Finally, it is noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention without limitation. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be carried out Modifications or equivalent replacements, without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution, should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A large-scale numerically controlled gear hobbing machine tool rest shift mechanism, comprising a primary shaft (1), one end of the primary shaft (1) is connected with the output shaft of the motor (3) through a shaft coupling (2), and the other end is connected with the output shaft of the motor (3) The gear hobbing machine housing (4) is rotationally connected, and it is characterized in that a first gear (5) and a second gear (6) are fixedly connected to the primary shaft (1), and one side of the primary shaft (1) is provided with There is a spline shaft (7) rotatably connected to the hobbing machine housing (4), the spline shaft (7) is parallel to the primary shaft (1), and a third gear is arranged on the spline shaft (7) (8) and the fourth gear (9), the third gear (8) is fixedly connected with the fourth gear (9), and the third gear (8) and the fourth gear (9) are all provided with splines , the third gear (8) and the fourth gear (9) are slidably connected to the spline shaft (7) through splines, the third gear (8) can mesh with the first gear (5), the The fourth gear (9) can be meshed with the second gear (6), and one side of the spline shaft (7) is provided with a shift shaft (10) parallel to the spline shaft, and the shift shaft (10) ) is connected with a power unit and a limit block (11), and the limit block (11) is fixedly connected with the power unit, and the side of the limit block (11) close to the fourth gear (9) is provided with the fourth The gear (9) is matched with the card slot on the edge, and the power unit can drive the shift shaft (10) to move axially, and then drive the third gear (8) and the fourth gear (9) along the spline shaft (7) Axial movement is carried out, thereby changing the transmission connection mode between the primary shaft (1) and the spline shaft (7). The spline shaft (7) is provided with a driving rear stage gear (12), and the spline shaft ( 7) By driving the rear stage gear (12) to be connected to the main shaft of the tool post, the motor (3) and the power unit are both electrically connected to the numerical control system of the gear hobbing machine. 2. A large-scale CNC gear hobbing machine tool rest shift mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: the end of the shift shaft (10) away from the limit block (11) is provided with a signal block (13), so A low-speed gear sensor (14) and a high-speed gear sensor (15) are provided on one side of the signal block (13), and when the shift shaft (10) drives the signal block (13) to move to face the high-speed gear sensor (15), The first gear (5) meshes with the third gear (8), and when the shift shaft (10) drives the signal block (13) to move to face the low gear sensor (14), the second gear ( 6) Mesh with the fourth gear (9). 3. A large-scale CNC gear hobbing machine tool rest shift mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: the limit block (11) is connected to the shift shaft ( 10) Connect. 4. The shifting mechanism of a tool rest of a large numerically controlled gear hobbing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: the third gear (8) is fixedly connected to the fourth gear (9) by screws. 5. A shifting mechanism for a tool holder of a large CNC gear hobbing machine according to claim 1, wherein the power unit is an air cylinder/oil cylinder/electric push rod. 6. A method for shifting gears of a large-scale numerically controlled gear hobbing machine tool rest, characterized in that, using the large-scale numerically controlled gear hobbing machine tool rest shift mechanism described in any one of claims 1 to 5 to shift gears, the specific shifting method is as follows: A, turn off the motor (3), monitor the running situation of the motor shaft by the numerical control system, until the motor shaft stops rotating completely; B. Set the shifting conditions: the speed is n0, and then input the working speed n; When n≥n0, the numerical control system judges that it is necessary to shift to a high gear, and the numerical control system sends an electrical signal of "high speed gear" to the power unit, and starts the power unit to drive the shift shaft (10) and the limit block (11) to the first gear. The gear (5) moves until the high-speed gear sensor (15) feeds back an electric signal of "high-speed matching is completed" to the numerical control system, and then starts the motor (3) to perform efficient cutting; When n<n0, the numerical control system judges that it is necessary to shift to a low gear, and the numerical control system sends an electrical signal of "low gear" to the power unit, and starts the power unit to drive the shift shaft (10) and the limit block (11) to the first gear. The second gear (6) moves until the low-speed gear sensor (14) feeds back an electric signal of "low-speed matching is completed" to the numerical control system, and then starts the motor (3) to perform heavy-duty cutting.

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