CN115741512B - CBN forming grinding wheel machining process and CBN forming grinding wheel for grinding needle tooth groove of RV speed reducer - Google Patents
CBN forming grinding wheel machining process and CBN forming grinding wheel for grinding needle tooth groove of RV speed reducer Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a CBN forming grinding wheel for grinding needle tooth grooves of an RV speed reducer, which comprises the following components: a grinding wheel base body which is annular; the grinding ring is arranged on the outer peripheral side of the grinding wheel substrate away from the axis, and the outer periphery of the cross section of the grinding ring is arc-shaped; the bevel ring is connected with the grinding wheel matrix and the grinding ring; the joint of the grinding ring and the inclined plane ring is provided with a transition circular arc groove, and the transition circular arc groove is sunken towards the center line direction. The arc-shaped grinding ring is used for grinding the arc of the needle tooth slot, and is more stable in grinding finished products of the CBN forming grinding wheel than the repairable grinding wheel aiming at grinding small arc slots such as the needle tooth slot of the RV speed reducer, so that the product mass stable production is facilitated; the transition arc groove is used for removing burrs on two sides of the needle tooth groove and performing sharp corner rounding treatment, so that the needle tooth groove and the small round corner are formed and machined at one time, and the product scrapping risk is avoided. Meanwhile, the design of the two inclined planes of the X angle of the inclined plane ring is used for extending the transition circular arc groove, and is also beneficial to guaranteeing the quality of the abrasive layer in the effective circular arc area of the tooth groove.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of grinding tool manufacturing, and particularly relates to a CBN forming grinding wheel processing technology and a CBN forming grinding wheel for grinding a needle tooth groove of an RV reducer.
Background
The RV reducer is one of key mechanical structures of industrial robots, has the advantages of small size, light weight, large transmission ratio range, long service life, stable precision, high efficiency, stable transmission and the like, and most RV reducers in China are imported from Japan and still have insufficient domestic design and manufacturing capacity.
The needle tooth groove is used as a key transmission structure of the RV speed reducer, and the machining precision of the needle tooth groove directly influences the stability and transmission efficiency of the RV speed reducer. The production process of the pin gear shell has very high requirements on the dimensional accuracy, the contour degree, the roundness, the straightness and the roughness of the single pin gear slot. There is also a high requirement for uniformity of shape maintenance of all needle gullets, for example, a dimensional error of 40 or 60 gullets of <0.003mm is required.
The existing grinding scheme mainly uses ceramic CBN grinding wheels, corundum and other repairable grinding wheels, the repairable grinding wheels wear quickly in the processing process, and the repairable grinding wheels are required to be dressed by high-precision rollers and can only be used on a grinding machine provided with a roller dressing mechanism. The continuous trimming process occupies a large amount of working time, so that the processing beat is longer, the grinding efficiency is low, the condition of poor workpiece contour precision retention is easy to occur, and the workpiece contour precision retention is easy to burn.
The novel grinding scheme is an electroplating CBN forming grinding wheel, has the advantages of high efficiency, high precision, good precision maintenance consistency, difficult burn and the like, can meet various requirements of grinding needle tooth grooves, can be installed on a grinding machine without high-precision rollers for grinding, saves machine tool cost, and is a novel advanced processing scheme.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the existing problems, the invention aims to provide a pin tooth groove CBN forming grinding wheel which has the advantages of simple structure, high grinding efficiency, good precision and high shape consistency, and a CBN forming grinding wheel processing device and method.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
In a first aspect, the present invention provides a CBN shaped grinding wheel processing apparatus for grinding a pin tooth groove of an RV speed reducer, comprising:
A vehicle body;
The workbench is fixedly arranged above the vehicle body;
the grinding carriage is arranged at the left side of the upper end of the workbench and can slide back and forth relative to the workbench; the grinding wheel is arranged on the grinding wheel frame and is horizontally arranged;
The rotary seat is arranged on the right side of the upper end of the workbench; the rotary seat comprises a rotary seat frame and a self-rotating drum arranged on the rotary seat frame, the CBN forming grinding wheel is vertically sleeved on the self-rotating drum, and a clamping mechanism is arranged on the self-rotating drum;
The height position of the grinding wheel is matched with the height position of the transition circular arc groove;
An electric push rod is arranged at one end of the grinding carriage opposite to the rotary seat, and the extension length of the telescopic end of the electric push rod is configured as follows: when the grinding wheel grinds to the preset depth of the transition circular arc groove, the end head of the telescopic end is abutted against the left end face of the CBN forming grinding wheel;
and a sensor is arranged at the end position of the telescopic end.
Further, the upper end face of the workbench is provided with a track, and the lower end of the grinding carriage is provided with a movable table;
A feed screw and a feed nut are arranged below the workbench, a feed driving element is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the feed nut, and a feed follow-up element is fixedly arranged at the lower end of the movable table;
Wherein the feed drive member is in contact with the feed follower member:
When the end head of the telescopic end is not abutted against the left end face of the CBN forming grinding wheel, the feeding driving element and the feeding follow-up element are relatively fixed;
When the end head of the telescopic end is abutted against the left end face of the CBN forming grinding wheel, the feeding driving element and the feeding follow-up element slide relatively.
Further, the feed drive member includes:
The mounting shell is fixedly mounted at the upper end of the feed nut and is provided with a cavity;
A guide opening formed at the upper end of the mounting case;
the movable plate is slidably arranged in the guide opening;
the second elastic element is arranged in the installation shell, the upper end of the second elastic element is fixedly connected with the lower end surface of the moving plate, and the lower end of the second elastic element is fixedly connected with the bottom wall of the installation shell;
A plurality of transmission teeth which are fixedly arranged on the upper end surface of the movable plate;
the feed follower element includes:
the transmission tooth slot is fixedly arranged on the lower end surface and is contacted with the transmission tooth;
Wherein, the one end that the drive tooth kept away from the movable plate is the triangle tooth, and the shape of drive tooth's socket matches with the drive tooth.
Further, the outer diameter of the self-rotating cylinder is matched with the inner hole of the CBN formed grinding wheel;
The clamping mechanism comprises an elastic clamping block and a movable clamping block, wherein the elastic clamping block blocks the end face on the left side of the CBN forming grinding wheel, and the movable clamping block extrudes the end face on the right side of the CBN forming grinding wheel.
Further, the section of the elastic clamping block is wedge-shaped and is positioned at the front end of the self-rotating cylinder;
The side wall of the self-rotating cylinder is provided with a containing groove, and the elastic clamping block is slidably positioned in the containing groove;
The holding groove is also internally provided with a first elastic element, the lower end of the first elastic element is fixedly connected with the bottom wall of the holding groove, and the upper end of the first elastic element is fixedly connected with the lower end of the elastic clamping block.
Further, a clamping screw rod and a clamping nut are arranged in the self-rotating cylinder, and the clamping nut is fixedly connected with the movable clamping block through a guide sliding block;
The movable clamping block is of an annular structure, the upper end of the guide sliding block is fixedly connected with the inner peripheral surface of the movable clamping block, and the lower end of the guide sliding block is fixedly connected with the outer peripheral surface of the clamping nut;
A guiding long groove is formed in the side wall of the self-rotating cylinder, and the size of the guiding long groove is matched with that of the guiding sliding block.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a processing method of a CBN forming grinding wheel for grinding a needle gear groove of an RV speed reducer, comprising the following steps:
S1, adopting a die steel substrate as a CBN formed grinding wheel body, and ensuring that the material has no defects such as cracks, sand holes and the like through flaw detection; the heat treatment hardness is HRC32-40, and the aging treatment removes the internal stress of the material;
s2, grinding the inner hole and one side end face of the CBN formed grinding wheel body in place on a high-precision inner grinding machine once after semi-finish turning, and grinding the other side end face of the CBN formed grinding wheel body on a high-precision surface grinding machine by taking the one side end face as a reference face;
s3, machining the outer contours of a grinding ring, an inclined plane ring and a calibration inspection bench on a high-precision numerical control lathe;
s4, processing a transition circular arc groove on the device;
S5, selecting a high-strength impact-resistant CBN abrasive material with proper granularity, and selecting a proper crystal form CBN abrasive material to ensure the contour precision and the wear resistance of the grinding wheel through fine screening; uniformly solidifying the CBN abrasive on the excircle contour of the matrix in a profiling mold by adopting a metal electrodeposition method through the deposition of a metal binding agent on the surface of the matrix, wherein the embedding rate of the abrasive is controlled to be 35-50%;
s6, clamping and correcting the grinding wheel finished product on a high-precision curve grinding machine to ensure that radial runout is less than or equal to 0.002mm and end surface runout is less than or equal to 0.002mm;
S7, performing dynamic balance on the corrected finished grinding wheel to reach the design standard of the drawing.
Further, in S4, the method includes the following steps:
S41, sleeving the CBN forming grinding wheel from the left end of the self-rotating cylinder from left to right, extruding the elastic clamping block by the CBN forming grinding wheel, enabling the elastic clamping block to enter the accommodating groove, and continuously pushing the CBN forming grinding wheel to move rightwards until the elastic clamping block pops up;
s42, driving the clamping screw rod to rotate, and further driving the clamping nut and the annular movable clamping block to move leftwards until the elastic clamping block and the movable clamping block are matched to clamp the CBN forming grinding wheel;
s43, starting an electric push rod to adjust the extension length of the telescopic end, so that when the grinding wheel grinds to the preset depth of the transition circular arc groove, the end head of the telescopic end abuts against the left end face of the CBN formed grinding wheel;
S44, starting the grinding wheel to rotate at a high speed, and simultaneously starting a power source for feeding the grinding wheel and a power source for rotating the autorotation cylinder, wherein the CBN formed grinding wheel rotates along with the autorotation cylinder, and the feeding driving element drives the feeding follower element to move rightwards so as to drive the grinding wheel frame and the grinding wheel to move rightwards;
S45, when the end head of the telescopic end is abutted against the left end face of the CBN formed grinding wheel, the feeding driving element cannot drive the feeding follow-up element to move rightwards together, and then the grinding wheel frame and the grinding wheel automatically stop moving rightwards; meanwhile, the sensor feeds back a signal to the control system, and then the control system sends an instruction to a power source for feeding the grinding wheel to control the grinding wheel frame to stop moving rightwards and move leftwards;
S46, after the grinding wheel frame moves leftwards by a preset distance, the control system sends an instruction to a power source for feeding the grinding wheel to control the grinding wheel frame to stop moving leftwards and move rightwards;
s47, repeating the steps S45-46 until the CBN forming grinding wheel rotates along with the rotating cylinder for one circle.
In a third aspect, the present invention provides a CBN shaped grinding wheel for grinding a pin tooth groove of an RV speed reducer, prepared using the apparatus and method described above, the CBN shaped grinding wheel comprising:
A grinding wheel base body which is annular;
the grinding ring is arranged on the outer peripheral side of the grinding wheel substrate away from the axis, and the outer periphery of the cross section of the grinding ring is arc-shaped;
the bevel ring is connected with the grinding wheel matrix and the grinding ring;
The joint of the grinding ring and the inclined plane ring is provided with a transition circular arc groove, and the transition circular arc groove is sunken towards the center line direction.
Further, the CBN forming grinding wheel is integrally formed, and the cross section of the CBN forming grinding wheel is in mirror image configuration relative to the central line.
Furthermore, the two end faces of the grinding wheel matrix are provided with calibration inspection tables, and the calibration inspection tables and the excircle are installed and processed together.
Further, a plurality of chip grooves are arranged on the two side surfaces of the grinding ring and the inclined surface ring.
After the technical scheme is adopted, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
Aiming at the grinding of small arc grooves such as the needle tooth grooves of the RV reducer, the CBN forming grinding wheel has more stable grinding finished products than the trimmable grinding wheel, and is beneficial to the stable mass production of products; the transition arc groove is used for removing burrs on two sides of the needle tooth groove and performing sharp corner rounding treatment, so that the needle tooth groove and the small round corner are formed and machined at one time, and the product scrapping risk is avoided.
The chip groove increases the chip containing space for grinding, so that the chips can be timely discharged, and the influence of the residual chips on the processing surface is avoided, thereby improving the processing precision. In addition, the chip removal groove is convenient for the cooling liquid to enter the deepest part of the grinding area, so that the effect of the cooling liquid is maximized, heat generated by machining can be released in time, and the temperature of the machined surface is kept in an optimal state.
According to the CBN forming grinding wheel machining device, the clamping mechanism can stably limit the movement of the CBN forming grinding wheel, and the CBN forming grinding wheel is convenient to mount and dismount. Meanwhile, the clamping mechanism is arranged in the self-rotating cylinder, and cannot interfere with the reciprocating feeding grinding of the grinding wheel, so that the grinding can be finished only by one moving pair and one rotating pair.
In the grinding process of the grinding wheel, when the end head of the telescopic end is abutted against the left end face of the CBN formed grinding wheel, the grinding depth of the grinding wheel meets a set value, and the phenomenon that the grinding depth of the grinding wheel is less than a preset value due to slight displacement of the CBN formed grinding wheel is avoided, so that the grinding precision is improved.
When the end head of the telescopic end is abutted against the left end face of the CBN forming grinding wheel, the feeding driving element and the feeding follow-up element slide relatively. Therefore, when the grinding depth of the grinding wheel meets a set value, the automatic stop movement function of the feeding follow-up element can avoid excessive movement of the grinding wheel frame to the right caused by feedback delay of the control signal, so that the accumulation of machining errors and the exceeding of the grinding depth of the transition circular arc groove by a preset value are eliminated, and the machining precision of the transition circular arc groove is further improved.
Through the specific structural arrangement of the feeding driving element and the feeding follow-up element, the automatic feeding stopping function of the grinding wheel frame and the grinding wheel is realized, and excessive rightward movement of the grinding wheel frame caused by feedback lag of control signals is avoided.
According to the CBN forming grinding wheel processing method, the grinding wheel frame stops moving rightwards and moves leftwards, and the feedback signal of the control system is relied on, but the action is not influenced by the control signal transmission hysteresis. When the grinding depth of the grinding wheel meets a set value, the feeding follow-up element has an automatic stop movement function, so that excessive movement of the grinding wheel frame to the right caused by feedback delay of a control signal can be avoided, and the processing precision of the transition circular arc groove is further improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the overall structure of a CBN formed grinding wheel;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a CBN formed grinding wheel;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 2 at A;
FIG. 4 is a view showing the overall construction of the processing apparatus;
FIG. 5 is a front view of the processing device;
FIG. 6 is a working state diagram of the grinding carriage and the rotary seat, with a part of the housing of the vehicle body hidden for the convenience of showing the driving mechanism of the reciprocating movement of the grinding carriage;
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the overall structure of the rotary base;
FIG. 8 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 5 at B;
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the spin basket and clamping mechanism;
FIG. 10 is an exploded view of the drive element with the carriage reciprocally moved;
FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of a drive element;
Fig. 12 is a partial enlarged view of fig. 11 at C.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
As shown in fig. 1-2, the present embodiment provides a CBN shaped grinding wheel 100 for grinding a pin tooth groove of an RV speed reducer, which includes a ring-shaped grinding wheel base 110, a grinding ring 120 is provided on an outer peripheral side of the grinding wheel base 110 away from an axis, and the grinding wheel base 110 is engaged with the grinding ring 120 through a bevel ring 130.
It will be appreciated that in connection with fig. 2, the outer periphery of the cross section of the grinding ring 120 is arcuate, and that the arcuate grinding ring 120 is used to grind the arcuate of the needle tooth slot. Aiming at the grinding of small circular arc grooves such as the needle tooth grooves of the RV reducer, the CBN forming grinding wheel has more stable grinding finished product than the truable grinding wheel, and is beneficial to the mass stable production of products.
As shown in fig. 2 to 3, in the CBN molded grinding wheel 100 of the present embodiment, a transition circular arc groove 140 is provided at the junction of the grinding ring 120 and the bevel ring 130, and the transition circular arc groove 140 is recessed toward the center line direction. The transition arc groove 140 is used for removing burrs on two sides of the needle tooth groove and performing sharp corner arc reversing treatment.
In the prior art, the truable grinding wheel is generally only provided with an independent grinding ring 120 due to the accuracy limitation of the high-accuracy roller trimmer, and has no transition circular arc groove 140, and burrs and sharp corners are required to be treated independently in the follow-up process, so that the processing procedure and the processing time are increased, the inner surface of the processed needle tooth groove is easily damaged in the follow-up processing process, and the product scrapping risk is increased.
The CBN molded grinding wheel 100 of the present embodiment is used for forming needle tooth grooves and small fillets at one time, and avoids the risk of scrapping products. Meanwhile, the design of the two X-angle inclined planes of the inclined plane ring 130 is used for extending the transition circular arc groove 140, so that the quality of the abrasive layer in the effective circular arc area of the grinding tooth groove is also guaranteed.
Further, as shown in fig. 2, the CBN grinding wheel 100 is integrally formed, and the cross section of the CBN grinding wheel 100 is mirror-image with respect to the center line. The grinding wheel is used for determining the position of the arc relative to the end face, and after the grinding wheel is installed, the grinding wheel is subjected to primary trial accurate tool setting, so that uniform grinding can be realized, and the processing time is saved.
Further, the two end faces 180 of the grinding wheel base 110 are provided with calibration inspection tables 150, and the calibration inspection tables 150 and the outer circle are installed and processed together to keep concentricity, so that the calibration inspection after the grinding wheel 100 is installed is used for ensuring that radial runout is less than or equal to 0.002mm, end face runout is less than or equal to 0.002mm, and the roundness, roughness and straightness of tooth grooves during grinding are ensured.
Further, as shown in fig. 1, a plurality of chip grooves 160 are formed on both side surfaces of the grinding ring 120 and the bevel ring 130, so that the chip accommodating space for grinding is increased, the chips can be discharged and removed in time, and the influence of the residual chips on the processing surface is avoided, thereby improving the processing precision.
In addition, the junk slots 160 facilitate the cooling liquid to enter the deepest part of the grinding area, so that the cooling liquid can play the maximum role, heat generated by machining can be released timely, and the temperature of the machined surface is kept in an optimal state.
The CBN forming grinding wheel 100 of this embodiment uses the transition arc groove 140 that is concave inward for removing burrs on two sides of the pin tooth slot and for chamfering the sharp corners, so as to process the pin tooth slot and the small round corners for one-step forming, and avoid the risk of scrapping the product.
It can be appreciated that, when the CBN molded grinding wheel 100 of the present embodiment is processed, the CBN molded grinding wheel 100 is first turned, ground, etc. to form a basic profile (the grinding ring 120, the bevel ring 130, and the calibration test stand 150 are finished), and then the transition circular arc groove 140 is processed.
The transition arc groove 140 is small in size, and the arc profile is ensured to be less than or equal to 0.0015mm. That is, the transition circular arc groove 140 requires high precision machining. Accordingly, the present invention provides a special profile grinder, i.e., a CBN molding grinding wheel processing device for grinding the pin groove portion in the pin housing part of the RV speed reducer, to ensure high precision processing of the transition circular arc groove 140.
As shown in fig. 4 to 5, the CBN grinding wheel processing device for grinding a pin gear groove of an RV speed reducer according to the present embodiment includes a vehicle body 200 and a work table 300 fixedly installed above the vehicle body 200, wherein a grinding carriage 400 is provided on the left side of the upper end of the work table 300, and the grinding carriage 400 can slide reciprocally with respect to the work table 300; a rotary seat 500 is arranged on the right side of the upper end of the workbench 300; the upper part of the workbench 300 is provided with a CCD detection system 600; an electric operation control box 700 is provided at one side of the table 300.
Wherein, the grinding wheel 410 is mounted on the grinding wheel frame 400, and the grinding wheel 410 is horizontally arranged; the CBN molded grinding wheel 100, which has been processed to have a basic profile, is mounted to the rotary seat 500, and the CBN molded grinding wheel 100 is arranged in a vertical shape; the height position of the grinding wheel 410 matches the height position of the transition circular arc groove 140.
It will be appreciated that, when the transition circular arc groove 140 is machined, the CBN molded grinding wheel 100 is fixed to the rotary base 500, and as the rotary base 500 rotates around its own axis, the grinding wheel 410 rotating at high speed reciprocally feeds the position where the transition circular arc groove 140 is ground, the CBN molded grinding wheel 100 rotates one revolution, and the machining of the transition circular arc groove 140 on one side thereof is completed. The CBN forming grinding wheel 100 is magnified by the CCD detecting system 600 onto the screen 710, and the CBN forming grinding wheel 100 is ground by operating the grinding wheel during processing, in contrast to the target magnified image of the CBN forming grinding wheel 100 mounted on the screen, until the contour of the object image is completely overlapped.
Specifically, referring to fig. 6 to 7, the upper end surface of the table 300 is provided with a rail 310, and the lower end of the carriage 400 is provided with a moving table 420 such that the carriage 400 can reciprocate on the rail 310 in a straight line. A feed screw 320 and a feed nut 330 are provided below the table 300, and the feed nut 330 is connected to the moving table 420. Thus, the power source 340 drives the feed screw 320 to rotate, and thus drives the feed nut 330 to move, and the feed nut 330 can drive the moving table 420 to move.
The rotary base 500 includes a rotary mount 510 and a rotary drum 520 rotatably mounted to the rotary mount 510, and a power input 521 of the rotary drum 520 is drivingly connected to a power source 530 such that the rotary drum 520 rotates on the rotary mount 510.
Wherein the outer diameter of the self-rotating drum 520 matches the inner bore 170 of the CBN molded grinding wheel 100 such that the CBN molded grinding wheel 100 nests into the self-rotating drum 520. A clamping mechanism is provided on the spin basket 520 to fix the CBN forming grinding wheel 100 and the spin basket 520 relatively, thereby facilitating the processing of the transition circular arc groove 140.
Further, as shown in fig. 7 to 9, the clamping mechanism includes an elastic clamping block 540 and a movable clamping block 550, wherein the elastic clamping block 540 blocks the end face 180 on the left side of the CBN forming grinding wheel 100, and the movable clamping block 550 presses the end face 180 on the right side of the CBN forming grinding wheel 100, so as to clamp the CBN forming grinding wheel 100 to be relatively fixed with the rotation cylinder 520.
Specifically, on the one hand, the section of the elastic clamping block 540 is wedge-shaped and is positioned at the front end of the self-rotating cylinder 520, correspondingly, the side wall of the self-rotating cylinder 520 is provided with a containing groove 522, and the elastic clamping block 540 is slidably positioned in the containing groove 522; the accommodating groove 522 is further provided with a first elastic element 541, a lower end of the first elastic element 541 is fixedly connected with a bottom wall of the accommodating groove 522, and an upper end of the first elastic element 541 is fixedly connected with a lower end of the elastic clamping block 540.
Thus, when the CBN forming grinding wheel 100 is sleeved into the self-rotating drum 520 from the front end, the elastic clamping block 540 is retracted into the accommodating groove 522 under the action of the inner hole 170, and after the CBN forming grinding wheel 100 completely passes over the elastic clamping block 540, the elastic clamping block 540 extends out to block the CBN forming grinding wheel 100 under the action of the first elastic element 541.
It is appreciated that the first elastic element 541 may be a mechanical coil spring, and the elastic clamping block 540 may be manually pressed into the receiving groove 522 when the CBN molding grinding wheel 100 is disassembled, so that the grinding wheel 100 is slid out, which requires manual operation but is low in cost. The first elastic element 541 may be an active control spring such as an electromagnetic spring, and when the grinding wheel 100 is detached, the controllable elastic element 541 may lose the elastic force, and the elastic clamping block 540 automatically enters the accommodating groove 522, so that the grinding wheel 100 is slid out, without manual operation, but with high cost.
On the other hand, a clamping screw 551 and a clamping nut 552 are arranged in the self-rotating cylinder 520, and the clamping nut 552 and the movable clamping block 550 are fixedly connected through a guide slide 553; correspondingly, the movable clamping block 550 is of an annular structure, the upper end of the guide slide block 553 is fixedly connected with the inner circumferential surface of the movable clamping block 550, the lower end of the guide slide block 553 is fixedly connected with the outer circumferential surface of the clamping nut 552, the guide long groove 523 is formed in the side wall of the rotary drum 520, and the size of the guide long groove 523 is matched with that of the guide slide block 553.
Accordingly, a power source (not shown) drives the clamping screw 551 to rotate, and further drives the clamping nut 552 to move, and the clamping nut 552 can drive the annular moving clamping block 550 to move through the guide slide 553, so as to clamp the CBN molding grinding wheel 100.
The CBN molded grinding wheel processing device of the present embodiment can stably limit the movement of the CBN molded grinding wheel 100 by the clamping mechanism, and facilitate the installation and removal of the CBN molded grinding wheel 100. Meanwhile, the clamping mechanism is arranged inside the self-rotating drum 520, and does not interfere with the reciprocating feeding grinding of the grinding wheel 410, so that the grinding can be completed only by one moving pair (the grinding wheel 410 is fed back and forth) and one rotating pair (the CBN molded grinding wheel 100 rotates along with the self-rotating drum 520).
It will be appreciated that the dedicated curve grinder of this embodiment uses the CCD detection system 600 to magnify the CBN shaped grinding wheel 100 onto the screen 710, and the grinding wheel is operated to grind the CBN shaped grinding wheel 100 during processing, so that the portion crossing the line is ground, until the contours of the object images are all superimposed, as opposed to the target magnified image of the CBN shaped grinding wheel 100 mounted on the screen. Thereby, the processing accuracy of 140 is ensured to the maximum extent.
However, the CBN molded grinding wheel 100 is repeatedly subjected to the force of the grinding wheel 410 during the grinding process, and the moving clamping block 550 may slightly shift, which causes a slight shift of the enlarged image of the CBN molded grinding wheel 100, meaning that the transition circular arc groove 140 has a machining error when the contours of the object images are all coincident.
In order to solve the above problems, referring to fig. 6, 8 and 10, the CBN molding grinding wheel processing apparatus of the present embodiment is provided with an electric push rod 430 at an end of the grinding wheel frame 400 opposite to the rotary base 500. Specifically, electric pushrod 430 includes a fixed end 431 and a telescoping end 432, and the extension length of telescoping end 432 is configured to: when grinding wheel 410 grinds to a predetermined depth of transition circular arc groove 140, the tip of telescoping end 432 abuts left end face 180 of CBN molded grinding wheel 100.
Therefore, in the process of grinding the transition circular arc groove 140 by the grinding wheel 410, when the end of the telescopic end 432 abuts against the left end face 180 of the CBN molded grinding wheel 100, at this time, the grinding depth of the grinding wheel 410 meets the set value, so that the grinding depth of the grinding wheel 410 caused by slight displacement of the CBN molded grinding wheel 100 is prevented from being less than the preset value, and the grinding precision is improved. By adjusting the extension length of telescoping end 432, the requirements of different conditions for different sized transition circular arc slots 140 are accommodated.
It will be appreciated that the position of the end of the telescoping end 432 is preferably provided with a sensor so that when the end of the telescoping end 432 abuts the left end face 180 of the CBN profiled grinding wheel 100 during grinding of the transition arcuate groove 140 by the grinding wheel 410, the sensor may feed back a signal to the control system which in turn sends a command to the power source 340 to control the carriage 400 to stop moving to the right and move to the left.
However, due to the hysteresis of the control signal feedback, the carriage 400 may be moved to the right by a slight excess, thereby adversely affecting the following: CBN profiled grinding wheel 100 may be displaced to the right by thrust, which means that machining errors accumulate; or electric pushrod 430 is squeezed and telescoping end 432 is retracted slightly, which will cause the grinding depth of transition arcuate slot 140 to exceed a predetermined value, affecting machining errors.
To avoid hysteresis of the feedback of the control signal, and to exclude absolute dependence on the control system, the CBN shaped grinding wheel processing apparatus of the present embodiment, referring to fig. 10 to 12, has a feed driving element 350 fixedly mounted at the upper end of the feed nut 330, and a feed follower element 440 fixedly mounted at the lower end of the moving stage 420;
Wherein, the feeding driving member 350 contacts with the feeding follower member 440, when the end of the telescopic end 432 does not contact with the left end face 180 of the CBN molding grinding wheel 100, the feeding driving member 350 is relatively fixed with the feeding follower member 440, and when the end of the telescopic end 432 contacts with the left end face 180 of the CBN molding grinding wheel 100, the feeding driving member 350 slides relatively with the feeding follower member 440.
With this arrangement, the grinding wheel frame 400 drives the grinding wheel 410 to move rightward, and the feed nut 330 drives the feed driving element 350 to move rightward during grinding of the CBN molded grinding wheel 100 by the grinding wheel 410, and when the end of the telescopic end 432 does not abut against the left end face 180 of the CBN molded grinding wheel 100, the feed driving element 350 is fixed relative to the feed follower element 440, and the feed follower element 440 further drives the moving table 420 and the grinding wheel frame 400 to move rightward, so that the grinding wheel 410 grinds deep into the CBN molded grinding wheel 100. When the end of the telescopic end 432 abuts against the left end face 180 of the CBN molded grinding wheel 100, that is, when the grinding depth of the grinding wheel 410 satisfies the set value, the feed driving member 350 and the feed follower member 440 slide relatively, and the feed follower member 440 automatically stops moving rightward.
At this time, although the feeding driving member 350 continues to move rightward, the rightward movement of the feeding follower member 440 does not continue to occur, thereby realizing the automatic feeding stopping function of the grinding wheel stand 400 and the grinding wheel 410. Therefore, when the grinding depth of the grinding wheel 410 meets the set value, the automatic stop movement function of the feeding follower 440 can prevent the grinding carriage 400 from moving excessively to the right due to feedback delay of the control signal, thereby eliminating accumulation of machining errors and exceeding of the grinding depth of the transition circular arc groove 140 by a preset value, and further improving the machining precision of the transition circular arc groove 140.
It will be appreciated that when the end of the telescoping end 432 is not abutting the left end face 180 of the CBN molded grinding wheel 100, there are two situations, one of which is before the grinding wheel 410 is not ground to a preset depth and the grinding wheel 410 is driven by the grinding wheel carriage 400 to move rightward; another is when the grinding wheel carriage 400 moves the grinding wheel 410 to the left. When the end of the telescopic end 432 abuts against the left end face 180 of the CBN molded grinding wheel 100, only the grinding wheel frame 400 drives the grinding wheel 410 to move rightward, and the grinding wheel 410 just reaches the preset depth.
Specifically, the feed driving member 350 includes a mounting case 351 fixedly mounted to an upper end of the feed nut 330, and the mounting case 351 has a cavity; the upper end of the mounting shell 351 is provided with a guide opening 355, and a moving plate 352 is slidably arranged in the guide opening 355; the second elastic element 353 is arranged in the installation shell 351, the upper end of the second elastic element 353 is fixedly connected with the lower end surface of the movable plate 352, and the lower end is fixedly connected with the bottom wall of the installation shell 351; a plurality of transmission teeth 354 are fixedly arranged on the upper end surface of the movable plate 352.
Wherein the transmission tooth 354 is indirectly connected with the second elastic element 353, the transmission tooth 354 is in contact with the feed-follower element 440, i.e. the transmission tooth 354 is the component of the feed-drive element 350 in communication with the feed-follower element 440. Specifically, the drive teeth 354 contact the drive slots 441 of the feed follower element 440.
The feeding follower 440 includes a driving tooth slot 441, the driving tooth slot 441 is fixedly disposed on the lower end surface of the guide rail 420, one end of the driving tooth 354 away from the moving plate 352 is a triangle tooth, and the shape of the driving tooth slot 441 is matched with the shape of the driving tooth 354.
With the above arrangement, when the end of the telescopic end 432 is not abutted against the left end face 180 of the CBN forming grinding wheel 100, the transmission tooth 354 extends out of the mounting shell 351 under the action of the second elastic element 353, and the transmission tooth 354 is attached to the transmission tooth slot 441, and the feeding driving element 350 can drive the feeding follow-up element 440 to move together, that is, the feeding driving element 350 and the feeding follow-up element 440 are relatively fixed;
When the end of the telescopic end 432 abuts against the left end face 180 of the CBN molding grinding wheel 100, the driving tooth 354 and the driving tooth slot 441 are mutually extruded, the extrusion force of the driving tooth 354 and the driving tooth slot 441 is larger than the elastic force of the second elastic element 353, the moving plate 352 extrudes the second elastic element 353 to shrink and elastically deform, the driving tooth 354 enters into the adjacent driving tooth slot 441 from one driving tooth slot 441, and the feeding driving element 350 cannot drive the feeding follow-up element 440 to move together, that is, the feeding driving element 350 and the feeding follow-up element 440 slide relatively.
Thus, the automatic feeding stopping function of the grinding wheel frame 400 and the grinding wheel 410 is realized, instead of controlling the grinding wheel frame 400 to stop moving rightwards and move leftwards by the power source 340 only by means of the sensor measuring signal, and excessive rightwards movement of the grinding wheel frame 400 caused by feedback lag of the control signal is avoided.
Further, to further ensure that the moving plate 352 can move only in the vertical direction, a guide sleeve 366 is further provided between the moving plate 352 and the bottom wall of the mounting case 351, and the second elastic member 353 is located inside the guide sleeve 366.
The invention also provides a processing method of the CBN forming grinding wheel for grinding the needle tooth groove of the RV reducer, which is used for processing the CBN forming grinding wheel 100 of the embodiment, and comprises the following steps:
s1, adopting a die steel substrate as a body of a CBN formed grinding wheel 100, and ensuring that the material has no defects such as cracks, sand holes and the like through flaw detection; the heat treatment hardness is HRC32-40, and the aging treatment removes the internal stress of the material, so that the subsequent processing is ensured not to influence the precision of the workpiece due to deformation caused by the internal stress;
S2, after the body of the CBN formed grinding wheel 100 is half finish turned, grinding the inner hole 170 and one side end face 180 in place on a high-precision inner circular grinding machine, and grinding the other side end face 180 on a high-precision surface grinding machine by taking the one side end face 180 as a reference surface. The parallelism of the end faces 180 at the two sides is ensured to be less than or equal to 0.002mm, the runout of the end faces is ensured to be less than or equal to 0.002mm, and the roughness Ra value is less than or equal to 0.4 micrometers; the tolerance of the inner hole is within 0-0.005 mm, the roundness of the inner hole is less than or equal to 0.002mm, and the roughness Ra value is less than or equal to 0.4 microns;
S3, machining the outer contours of the grinding ring 120, the inclined plane ring 130 and the calibration test bench 150 on a high-precision numerical control lathe;
s4, machining a transition circular arc groove 140 on the CBN forming grinding wheel machining device. Ensure that the arc profile is less than or equal to 0.0015mm.
S5, selecting a high-strength impact-resistant CBN abrasive material with proper granularity, and selecting a proper crystal form CBN abrasive material to ensure the contour precision and the wear resistance of the grinding wheel through fine screening; uniformly solidifying the CBN abrasive on the excircle contour of the matrix in a profiling mold by adopting a metal electrodeposition method through the deposition of a metal binding agent on the surface of the matrix, wherein the embedding rate of the abrasive is controlled to be 35-50%;
S6, clamping and correcting the grinding wheel finished product on a high-precision curve grinding machine to further ensure that radial runout is less than or equal to 0.002mm and end runout is less than or equal to 0.002mm;
S7, performing dynamic balance on the corrected finished grinding wheel to reach the design standard of the drawing.
Wherein, the step S4 includes the following steps:
S41, sleeving the CBN forming grinding wheel 100 from the left end of the self-rotating cylinder 520 from left to right, and extruding the elastic clamping block 540 by the CBN forming grinding wheel 100 to enable the elastic clamping block 540 to enter the accommodating groove 522, and continuously pushing the CBN forming grinding wheel 100 to move rightwards until the elastic clamping block 540 pops out;
s42, driving the clamping screw 551 to rotate, and further driving the clamping nut 552 and the annular movable clamping block 550 to move leftwards until the elastic clamping block 540 and the movable clamping block 550 are matched to clamp the CBN formed grinding wheel 100;
S43, starting the electric push rod 430 to adjust the extension length of the telescopic end 432, so that when the grinding wheel 410 grinds to the preset depth of the transition circular arc groove 140, the end head of the telescopic end 432 abuts against the left end face 180 of the CBN molded grinding wheel 100;
S44, starting the grinding wheel 410 to rotate at a high speed, and simultaneously starting a power source 340 for feeding the grinding wheel 410 and a power source 530 for rotating the self-rotating drum 520, wherein the CBN formed grinding wheel 100 rotates along with the self-rotating drum 520, and the feeding driving element 350 drives the feeding follow-up element 440 to move rightwards, so as to drive the grinding wheel frame 400 and the grinding wheel 410 to move rightwards;
S45, when the end of the telescopic end 432 is abutted against the left end face 180 of the CBN formed grinding wheel 100, the feeding driving element 350 cannot drive the feeding follow-up element 440 to move rightwards together, and the grinding wheel frame 400 and the grinding wheel 410 automatically stop moving rightwards; meanwhile, the sensor feeds back a signal to the control system, and the control system sends an instruction to the power source 340 for feeding the grinding wheel 410, so that the grinding wheel frame 400 is controlled to stop moving rightwards and move leftwards;
S46, after the grinding wheel frame 400 moves leftwards by a preset distance, the control system sends an instruction to the power source 340 for feeding the grinding wheel 410 to control the grinding wheel frame 400 to stop moving leftwards and move rightwards;
s47, repeating the steps S45-46 until the CBN forming grinding wheel 100 rotates along with the self-rotating drum 520 for one circle.
In the CBN grinding wheel processing method of the present embodiment, in S45, the grinding wheel carriage 400 stops moving rightward and moves leftward depending on the feedback signal of the control system, but this action is not affected by the control signal transmission hysteresis. When the end of the telescopic end 432 abuts against the left end face 180 of the CBN molded grinding wheel 100, that is, when the grinding depth of the grinding wheel 410 meets a set value, the feeding follower 440 cannot drive the grinding wheel frame 400 and the grinding wheel 410 to move rightward, and the feeding follower 440 has an automatic stop moving function, so that excessive movement of the grinding wheel frame 400 rightward caused by feedback delay of a control signal can be avoided, and the machining precision of the transition circular arc groove 140 is further improved.
The foregoing is illustrative of the best mode of carrying out the invention, and is not presented in any detail as is known to those of ordinary skill in the art. The protection scope of the invention is defined by the claims, and any equivalent transformation based on the technical teaching of the invention is also within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. CBN shaping emery wheel processingequipment is used in RV speed reducer needle tooth groove grinding includes:
A vehicle body;
The workbench is fixedly arranged above the vehicle body;
the grinding carriage is arranged at the left side of the upper end of the workbench and can slide back and forth relative to the workbench; the grinding wheel is arranged on the grinding wheel frame and is horizontally arranged;
The rotary seat is arranged on the right side of the upper end of the workbench; the rotary seat comprises a rotary seat frame and a self-rotating drum arranged on the rotary seat frame, the CBN forming grinding wheel is vertically sleeved on the self-rotating drum, and a clamping mechanism is arranged on the self-rotating drum;
The height position of the grinding wheel is matched with the height position of the transition circular arc groove;
the electric push rod is characterized in that an electric push rod is arranged at one end of the grinding carriage opposite to the rotary seat, and the extension length of the telescopic end of the electric push rod is configured as follows: when the grinding wheel grinds to the preset depth of the transition circular arc groove, the end head of the telescopic end is abutted against the left end face of the CBN forming grinding wheel;
the end position of the telescopic end is provided with a sensor;
the upper end face of the workbench is provided with a track, and the lower end of the grinding carriage is provided with a movable table;
A feed screw and a feed nut are arranged below the workbench, a feed driving element is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the feed nut, and a feed follow-up element is fixedly arranged at the lower end of the movable table;
Wherein the feed drive member is in contact with the feed follower member:
When the end head of the telescopic end is not abutted against the left end face of the CBN forming grinding wheel, the feeding driving element and the feeding follow-up element are relatively fixed;
When the end head of the telescopic end is abutted against the left end face of the CBN forming grinding wheel, the feeding driving element and the feeding follow-up element slide relatively;
the feed drive member includes:
The mounting shell is fixedly mounted at the upper end of the feed nut and is provided with a cavity;
A guide opening formed at the upper end of the mounting case;
the movable plate is slidably arranged in the guide opening;
the second elastic element is arranged in the installation shell, the upper end of the second elastic element is fixedly connected with the lower end surface of the moving plate, and the lower end of the second elastic element is fixedly connected with the bottom wall of the installation shell;
A plurality of transmission teeth which are fixedly arranged on the upper end surface of the movable plate;
the feed follower element includes:
the transmission tooth slot is fixedly arranged on the lower end surface and is contacted with the transmission tooth;
The end of the transmission tooth far away from the moving plate is a triangular tooth, and the shape of the transmission tooth slot is matched with that of the transmission tooth;
The outer diameter of the self-rotating cylinder is matched with the inner hole of the CBN forming grinding wheel;
The clamping mechanism comprises an elastic clamping block and a movable clamping block, wherein the elastic clamping block blocks the end face on the left side of the CBN forming grinding wheel, and the movable clamping block extrudes the end face on the right side of the CBN forming grinding wheel.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the section of the elastic clamping block is wedge-shaped and is positioned at the front end of the self-rotating cylinder;
The side wall of the self-rotating cylinder is provided with a containing groove, and the elastic clamping block is slidably positioned in the containing groove;
The holding groove is also internally provided with a first elastic element, the lower end of the first elastic element is fixedly connected with the bottom wall of the holding groove, and the upper end of the first elastic element is fixedly connected with the lower end of the elastic clamping block.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 or 2, wherein: a clamping screw rod and a clamping nut are arranged in the self-rotating cylinder, and the clamping nut is fixedly connected with the movable clamping block through a guide sliding block;
The movable clamping block is of an annular structure, the upper end of the guide sliding block is fixedly connected with the inner peripheral surface of the movable clamping block, and the lower end of the guide sliding block is fixedly connected with the outer peripheral surface of the clamping nut;
A guiding long groove is formed in the side wall of the self-rotating cylinder, and the size of the guiding long groove is matched with that of the guiding sliding block.
4. The CBN forming grinding wheel machining method for grinding the needle tooth groove of the RV speed reducer is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
S1, adopting a die steel substrate as a CBN formed grinding wheel body, and ensuring that the material has no cracks and sand hole defects through flaw detection; the heat treatment hardness is HRC32-40, and the aging treatment removes the internal stress of the material;
s2, grinding the inner hole and one side end face of the CBN formed grinding wheel body in place on a high-precision inner grinding machine once after semi-finish turning, and grinding the other side end face of the CBN formed grinding wheel body on a high-precision surface grinding machine by taking the one side end face as a reference face;
s3, machining the outer contours of a grinding ring, an inclined plane ring and a calibration inspection bench on a high-precision numerical control lathe;
S4, processing a transition circular arc groove on the device according to any one of claims 1-3;
S5, selecting a high-strength impact-resistant CBN abrasive material with proper granularity, and selecting a proper crystal form CBN abrasive material to ensure the contour precision and the wear resistance of the grinding wheel through fine screening; uniformly solidifying the CBN abrasive on the excircle contour of the matrix in a profiling mold by adopting a metal electrodeposition method through the deposition of a metal binding agent on the surface of the matrix, wherein the embedding rate of the abrasive is controlled to be 35-50%;
s6, clamping and correcting the grinding wheel finished product on a high-precision curve grinding machine to ensure that radial runout is less than or equal to 0.002mm and end surface runout is less than or equal to 0.002mm;
S7, performing dynamic balance on the corrected finished grinding wheel to reach the design standard of the drawing.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein: the step S4 comprises the following steps:
S41, sleeving the CBN forming grinding wheel from the left end of the self-rotating cylinder from left to right, extruding the elastic clamping block by the CBN forming grinding wheel, enabling the elastic clamping block to enter the accommodating groove, and continuously pushing the CBN forming grinding wheel to move rightwards until the elastic clamping block pops up;
s42, driving the clamping screw rod to rotate, and further driving the clamping nut and the annular movable clamping block to move leftwards until the elastic clamping block and the movable clamping block are matched to clamp the CBN forming grinding wheel;
s43, starting an electric push rod to adjust the extension length of the telescopic end, so that when the grinding wheel grinds to the preset depth of the transition circular arc groove, the end head of the telescopic end abuts against the left end face of the CBN formed grinding wheel;
S44, starting the grinding wheel to rotate at a high speed, and simultaneously starting a power source for feeding the grinding wheel and a power source for rotating the autorotation cylinder, wherein the CBN formed grinding wheel rotates along with the autorotation cylinder, and the feeding driving element drives the feeding follower element to move rightwards so as to drive the grinding wheel frame and the grinding wheel to move rightwards;
S45, when the end head of the telescopic end is abutted against the left end face of the CBN formed grinding wheel, the feeding driving element cannot drive the feeding follow-up element to move rightwards together, and then the grinding wheel frame and the grinding wheel automatically stop moving rightwards; meanwhile, the sensor feeds back a signal to the control system, and then the control system sends an instruction to a power source for feeding the grinding wheel to control the grinding wheel frame to stop moving rightwards and move leftwards;
S46, after the grinding wheel frame moves leftwards by a preset distance, the control system sends an instruction to a power source for feeding the grinding wheel to control the grinding wheel frame to stop moving leftwards and move rightwards;
s47, repeating the steps S45-46 until the CBN forming grinding wheel rotates along with the rotating cylinder for one circle.
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| CN202211470725.8A CN115741512B (en) | 2022-11-23 | 2022-11-23 | CBN forming grinding wheel machining process and CBN forming grinding wheel for grinding needle tooth groove of RV speed reducer |
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| CN103991039A (en) * | 2014-05-18 | 2014-08-20 | 郑州众邦超硬工具有限公司 | Method for machining rotor of screw compressor through formation CBN grinding wheel |
| CN107263317A (en) * | 2017-07-13 | 2017-10-20 | 东方电气(广州)重型机器有限公司 | A kind of stopping means that can adjust prefabricated grinding depth |
| CN210147655U (en) * | 2019-06-17 | 2020-03-17 | 江苏乐泰超硬材料有限公司 | Edging device is used in diamond-impregnated wheel production |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2731223A1 (en) * | 1977-07-11 | 1979-01-25 | Kolb Alfred | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PROFILING A GRINDING WHEEL |
| CN204997541U (en) * | 2015-10-10 | 2016-01-27 | 郑州众邦超硬工具有限公司 | Helical -lobe compressor male rotor shaping CBN emery wheel |
| CN109551385B (en) * | 2018-11-06 | 2019-12-17 | 郑州磨料磨具磨削研究所有限公司 | Electroplating CBN grinding wheel for crankshaft forming grinding with undercut and manufacturing method thereof |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103991039A (en) * | 2014-05-18 | 2014-08-20 | 郑州众邦超硬工具有限公司 | Method for machining rotor of screw compressor through formation CBN grinding wheel |
| CN107263317A (en) * | 2017-07-13 | 2017-10-20 | 东方电气(广州)重型机器有限公司 | A kind of stopping means that can adjust prefabricated grinding depth |
| CN210147655U (en) * | 2019-06-17 | 2020-03-17 | 江苏乐泰超硬材料有限公司 | Edging device is used in diamond-impregnated wheel production |
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Effective date of registration: 20240617 Address after: No. 121, science Avenue, new material industrial park, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, 450000 Applicant after: WHITE DOVE ABRASIVES Co.,Ltd. Country or region after: China Address before: 450100 southeast of the intersection of science Avenue and No.13 road of new material Park, Xingyang City, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province Applicant before: ZHENGZHOU ZHONGBANG SUPERHARD TOOLS CO.,LTD. Country or region before: China |
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