CN115738762A - Anti-pollution PVDF ultrafiltration membrane component structure and filtering device thereof - Google Patents

Anti-pollution PVDF ultrafiltration membrane component structure and filtering device thereof Download PDF

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CN115738762A
CN115738762A CN202211456645.7A CN202211456645A CN115738762A CN 115738762 A CN115738762 A CN 115738762A CN 202211456645 A CN202211456645 A CN 202211456645A CN 115738762 A CN115738762 A CN 115738762A
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filter
fixedly connected
ring
reel
ultrafiltration membrane
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CN115738762B (en
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王艺蓉
冯晓强
周凯伦
李茉
孙其俊
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Qingdao Qingshui Jinmo High Tech Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了PVDF过滤技术领域的一种抗污染的PVDF超滤膜过滤装置,包括过滤桶,过滤桶的上端设置有排水口,排水口的侧面设置有进水口,过滤桶内部上端设置有净水腔,过滤桶内部下端设置有过滤腔,过滤桶上滑动连接有滑杆一,滑杆一上位于过滤腔内的一端上固定连接有外刮圈,外刮圈的弧形轮廓内壁设置有斜面,滑杆一远离外刮圈的一端固定连接有连接架,连接架上固定连接有滑杆二,滑杆二远离连接架的一端设置有内撑圈,内撑圈上设置有斜面,过滤桶上还设置有能使密封槽向着远离净水腔方向运动的驱动机构,本发明可以实现在进行清洁的时候,同时能对超滤膜组件进行矫正。The invention discloses an anti-pollution PVDF ultrafiltration membrane filtration device in the technical field of PVDF filtration, which includes a filter barrel, a drain outlet is arranged at the upper end of the filter barrel, a water inlet is arranged at the side of the drain outlet, and a net is arranged at the upper end of the filter barrel. Water cavity, the lower end of the filter barrel is provided with a filter cavity, the filter barrel is slidably connected with a slide bar one, and the end of the slide bar one located in the filter cavity is fixedly connected with an outer scraping ring, and the arc-shaped inner wall of the outer scraping ring is provided with Slope, the end of slide bar one away from the outer scraping ring is fixedly connected with a connecting frame, the connecting frame is fixedly connected with slide bar two, and the end of slide bar two far away from the connecting frame is provided with an inner support ring, and the inner support ring is provided with a slope, filtering The bucket is also provided with a drive mechanism that can move the sealing groove away from the water purification chamber. The invention can realize the correction of the ultrafiltration membrane assembly while cleaning.

Description

一种抗污染的PVDF超滤膜组件结构及其过滤装置An anti-pollution PVDF ultrafiltration membrane module structure and its filtration device

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及PVDF过滤技术领域,具体为一种抗污染的PVDF超滤膜组件结构及其过滤装置。The invention relates to the technical field of PVDF filtration, in particular to an anti-pollution PVDF ultrafiltration membrane module structure and a filtration device thereof.

背景技术Background technique

PVDF超滤膜在长时间使用后其过滤效果会下降,为了保证过滤的效果,目前常会进行更换或者拆卸以后进行清洁再进行过滤。但是这样就会导致需要停止过滤工作,影响过滤的效率,又由于区别与其它材料,PVDF(聚偏氟乙烯)在氟塑料中具有最强韧性、低摩擦系数以及耐磨,因此其能适应通过刮蹭来实现清洁,因此现有装置也有在过滤装置内设置刮蹭装置,在进行过滤的同时刮蹭超滤膜组件,从而实现清洁的效果,过滤还能同时进行。The filtration effect of the PVDF ultrafiltration membrane will decrease after long-term use. In order to ensure the filtration effect, it is often replaced or disassembled for cleaning before filtration. However, this will lead to the need to stop the filtration work, affecting the efficiency of filtration, and due to the difference from other materials, PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) has the strongest toughness, low friction coefficient and wear resistance in fluoroplastics, so it can adapt to passing through Cleaning is achieved by scraping, so the existing device also has a scraping device in the filter device, which scrapes the ultrafiltration membrane module while filtering, so as to achieve the effect of cleaning, and the filtration can also be carried out at the same time.

现有装置进行清洁的时候,一般只对外壁进行清洁,但是由于超滤膜组件较为柔软,因此进行清洁的时候,清洁装置的挤压会使超滤膜不能紧贴在清洁装置上,从而导致清洁的效果较差,直接对外壁的刮蹭会导致超滤膜组件不能紧贴在清洁装置上,从而导致清洁的效果较差。同时,在长时间使用后超滤膜组件在水压等因素下变形收缩同时也不利于过滤的进行。When the existing device is cleaned, generally only the outer wall is cleaned, but because the ultrafiltration membrane module is relatively soft, when cleaning, the extrusion of the cleaning device will prevent the ultrafiltration membrane from sticking to the cleaning device, resulting in The cleaning effect is poor, and the direct scratching of the outer wall will cause the ultrafiltration membrane module not to be tightly attached to the cleaning device, resulting in poor cleaning effect. At the same time, after long-term use, the ultrafiltration membrane module deforms and shrinks under water pressure and other factors, which is also not conducive to the filtration.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明的技术问题在于提供一种抗污染的PVDF超滤膜组件结构及其过滤装置,可以实现在进行清洁的时候,同时能对超滤膜组件进行矫正。The technical problem of the present invention is to provide an anti-pollution PVDF ultrafiltration membrane module structure and its filtering device, which can realize correction of the ultrafiltration membrane module while cleaning.

为实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:一种抗污染的PVDF超滤膜过滤装置,包括过滤桶,所述过滤桶的上端设置有排水口,所述排水口的侧面设置有进水口,所述过滤桶内部上端设置有净水腔,所述过滤桶内部下端设置有过滤腔,所述过滤桶上滑动连接有滑杆一,所述滑杆一上位于过滤腔内的一端上固定连接有外刮圈,所述外刮圈的弧形轮廓内壁设置有斜面,所述滑杆一远离外刮圈的一端固定连接有连接架,所述连接架上固定连接有滑杆二,所述滑杆二远离连接架的一端设置有内撑圈,所述内撑圈上设置有斜面,所述过滤桶上还设置有能使密封槽向着远离净水腔方向运动的驱动机构。In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a pollution-resistant PVDF ultrafiltration membrane filter device, comprising a filter barrel, the upper end of the filter barrel is provided with a drain, and the side of the drain is provided with a water inlet, The inner upper end of the filter barrel is provided with a clean water cavity, the lower end of the filter barrel is provided with a filter cavity, the filter barrel is slidably connected with a slider one, and the slider one is fixedly connected to one end located in the filter cavity There is an outer scraping ring, the inner wall of the arc-shaped contour of the outer scraping ring is provided with a slope, the end of the sliding rod one away from the outer scraping ring is fixedly connected with a connecting frame, and the connecting frame is fixedly connected with a sliding rod two, the The end of the slide bar two far away from the connecting frame is provided with an inner support ring, the inner support ring is provided with an inclined surface, and the filter barrel is also provided with a driving mechanism capable of moving the sealing groove away from the water purification chamber.

作为本发明的进一步方案,所述内撑圈上固定连接有挤压筒,所述挤压筒上设置有上水口,所述滑杆二上固定连接有挤压塞,所述挤压塞上滑动连接有固定连接在挤压筒上的固定架,所述固定架和挤压塞之间设置有能使固定架向着远离挤压塞方向运动的弹簧,所述滤芯和净水腔连通位置设置有和净水腔固定连接的限位圈。As a further solution of the present invention, an extrusion cylinder is fixedly connected to the inner support ring, an upper nozzle is arranged on the extrusion cylinder, an extrusion plug is fixedly connected to the second sliding rod, and an extrusion plug is fixedly connected to the extrusion plug. The sliding connection has a fixed frame fixedly connected to the extrusion cylinder, and a spring is arranged between the fixed frame and the extrusion plug to make the fixed frame move away from the extrusion plug, and the connection position between the filter element and the water purification chamber is set There is a limit ring fixedly connected with the water purification chamber.

作为本发明的进一步方案,所述滤芯的外壁套设有卷盘,所述卷盘对称设置有两个,所述卷盘上固定连接有滑动耳,所述滑动耳上滑动连接有滑轴,所述滑轴上设置有能使两个卷盘朝着相互靠近方向运动的弹簧,其中一个所述卷盘上开设有密封槽,另一个所述卷盘上固定连接有能卡接进密封槽内的密封凸,所述外刮圈上固定连接有能使两个所述卷盘撑开缝隙的三角块。As a further solution of the present invention, the outer wall of the filter element is covered with a reel, and two reels are symmetrically arranged, and sliding ears are fixedly connected to the reels, and sliding shafts are slidably connected to the sliding ears. The sliding shaft is provided with a spring that can make the two reels move toward each other, one of the reels is provided with a sealing groove, and the other reel is fixedly connected with a spring that can be snapped into the sealing groove. The inner sealing protrusion, the outer scraping ring is fixedly connected with a triangular block that can make the two reels open the gap.

作为本发明的进一步方案,所述过滤腔的下端固定连接有套设在滤芯下端的排污圈,所述排污圈上开设有蓄污槽,所述蓄污槽上设置有出水口连通至过滤桶外部,所述过滤桶的外壁固定连接有挂轴,所述挂轴上限位滑动连接有圆环,所述挂轴上设置有能使圆环向着过滤桶进行复位的弹簧,所述圆环上固定连接有能堵住蓄污槽出水口的密封塞。As a further solution of the present invention, the lower end of the filter chamber is fixedly connected with a sewage discharge ring sleeved at the lower end of the filter element, and a sewage storage tank is provided on the sewage discharge ring, and a water outlet is provided on the sewage storage tank to connect to the filter bucket Externally, the outer wall of the filter barrel is fixedly connected with a hanging shaft, and the upper limit of the hanging shaft is slidably connected with a ring, and the hanging shaft is provided with a spring that can reset the ring toward the filter barrel. The fixed connection has a sealing plug that can block the water outlet of the sewage storage tank.

作为本发明的进一步方案,所述过滤桶上固定连接有固定块,所述固定块上限位滑动连接有滑柱,所述滑柱靠近圆环的一端为圆头,所述滑柱的外壁套设有能使滑柱向着圆环方向复位的弹簧。As a further solution of the present invention, a fixed block is fixedly connected to the filter bucket, and a sliding column is slidably connected to the upper limit of the fixed block. The end of the sliding column close to the ring is a round head, and the outer wall of the sliding column covers There is a spring that can make the sliding post return to the direction of the ring.

作为本发明的进一步方案,所述驱动机构包括通过一转轴转动连接在过滤桶下表面的卷盘,所述卷盘上固定连接有拉绳,所述拉绳远离卷盘的一端固定连接在连接架上,所述过滤桶的下表面固定连接有电机,所述电机的输出轴上固定连接有扇齿,所述卷盘的转轴上固定连接有和扇齿啮合的锥齿轮,所述滑杆一的外壁套设有能使外刮圈向着过滤腔内部进行复位的弹簧。As a further solution of the present invention, the drive mechanism includes a reel that is rotatably connected to the lower surface of the filter barrel through a rotating shaft, and a pull rope is fixedly connected to the reel, and the end of the pull rope away from the reel is fixedly connected to the On the rack, the lower surface of the filter barrel is fixedly connected with a motor, the output shaft of the motor is fixedly connected with fan teeth, the rotating shaft of the reel is fixedly connected with a bevel gear meshing with the fan teeth, and the sliding rod The outer wall of one is provided with a spring that can reset the outer scraping ring toward the inside of the filter cavity.

作为本发明的进一步方案,所述过滤桶的下端设置有底盘。As a further solution of the present invention, a chassis is provided at the lower end of the filter bucket.

一种抗污染的PVDF超滤膜组件结构,包括滤芯,所述滤芯的下端密封,所述滤芯的上端贯通,所述滤芯的上端和净水腔连通并固定,所述滤芯的下端固定连接在过滤桶的底璧上。An anti-pollution PVDF ultrafiltration membrane module structure, including a filter element, the lower end of the filter element is sealed, the upper end of the filter element is connected, the upper end of the filter element is connected and fixed to the water purification chamber, and the lower end of the filter element is fixedly connected to the On the bottom wall of the filter bucket.

与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is:

1、设置有内撑圈,在内撑圈运动的时候,能对滤芯进行矫正,从而使其处于最大的直径,从而始终保持最大的过滤面积,设置的外刮圈能对滤芯的外壁进行刮蹭,从而清洁滤芯表面的污渍,同时,在外刮圈进行刮蹭的时候内撑圈会配合外刮圈挤压滤芯,从而保证刮蹭的效果。1. There is an inner support ring. When the inner support ring moves, the filter element can be corrected so that it is at the largest diameter, so as to always maintain the largest filtration area. The outer scraping ring can scrape the outer wall of the filter element. Scratch to clean the stains on the surface of the filter element. At the same time, when the outer scraping ring is scraping, the inner support ring will cooperate with the outer scraping ring to squeeze the filter element, so as to ensure the scraping effect.

2、由于设置有挤压筒和挤压塞,可以实现清洁的过程不间断过滤功能,同时,在清洁完成以后,在进行复位的时候,由于挤压筒和滤芯的内壁存在摩擦,因此首先挤压塞上升,此时挤压塞和固定架之间的弹簧被压缩,因此挤压塞和挤压筒错位开来,上水口被打开,因此,此时同时由于内撑圈固定连接在挤压筒上,内撑圈和外刮圈也会错位,因此,此时内撑圈和外刮圈不会同时挤压滤芯,从而外刮圈不会刮蹭滤芯,从而降低对滤芯外壁的磨损,同时挤压塞和固定架错位,上水口始终打开,因此挤压筒不会继续挤压滤芯内部的水使其向外排出,从而影响过滤的效率,在挤压筒运动到限位圈位置的时候,限位圈回抵住挤压筒,从而保证挤压塞不堵住上水口,使上水口始终打开。2. Since the extrusion cylinder and the extrusion plug are installed, the cleaning process can be realized without interruption. At the same time, after the cleaning is completed, when the reset is performed, due to the friction between the extrusion cylinder and the inner wall of the filter element, the first squeeze The pressing plug rises. At this time, the spring between the extrusion plug and the fixed frame is compressed, so the extrusion plug and the extrusion cylinder are dislocated, and the upper nozzle is opened. Therefore, at the same time, the inner support ring is fixedly connected in the extrusion On the barrel, the inner support ring and the outer scraping ring will also be misaligned. Therefore, at this time, the inner support ring and the outer scraping ring will not squeeze the filter element at the same time, so that the outer scraping ring will not scratch the filter element, thereby reducing the wear on the outer wall of the filter element. At the same time, the extrusion plug and the fixing frame are misaligned, and the upper nozzle is always open, so the extrusion cylinder will not continue to squeeze the water inside the filter element to make it discharge outward, which will affect the filtration efficiency. When the extrusion cylinder moves to the position of the limit ring At the same time, the limit circle is back against the extrusion cylinder, so as to ensure that the extrusion plug does not block the upper nozzle, so that the upper nozzle is always open.

3、设置的滑柱可以使密封塞只有达到触发滑柱的临界值才会打开,因此在打开的瞬间水的流速较快,从而能实现将污渍通过蓄污槽的出水口形成喷射而出,能使污渍更好的排出过滤桶,同时,能更快的排出过滤桶,不易造成蓄污槽出水口的堵塞,以及蓄积在卷盘内部。3. The set spool can make the sealing plug open only when it reaches the critical value of triggering the spool, so the water flow rate is faster at the moment of opening, so that the stain can be sprayed out through the water outlet of the sewage storage tank. The dirt can be better discharged from the filter barrel, and at the same time, the filter barrel can be discharged faster, and it is not easy to cause blockage of the outlet of the dirt storage tank and accumulation in the reel.

附图说明Description of drawings

为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案,下面将对实施例描述所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the accompanying drawings that are required for the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. Those of ordinary skill in the art can also obtain other drawings based on these drawings without any creative effort.

图1为本发明总体结构示意图;Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

图2为本发明过滤桶内部示意图;Fig. 2 is the internal schematic diagram of filter tank of the present invention;

图3为本发明滤芯的连接结构示意图;Fig. 3 is the connection structure schematic diagram of filter element of the present invention;

图4为本发明卷盘内部的剖面示意图;Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the interior of the reel of the present invention;

图5为本发明挤压筒的截面结构示意图;Fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of an extrusion barrel of the present invention;

图6为本发明排污圈的截面结构示意图;Fig. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the sewage discharge ring of the present invention;

图7为本发明排污圈部分的结构示意图;Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of the sewage discharge circle part of the present invention;

图8为本发明过滤桶倒立后的底部结构示意图。Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the bottom structure of the filter barrel of the present invention after being inverted.

附图中,各标号所代表的部件列表如下:In the accompanying drawings, the list of parts represented by each label is as follows:

01、过滤桶;02、进水口;03、出水口;04、卷盘;05、滑轴;06、滤芯;07、滑动耳;08、三角块;09、滑杆一;10、圆环;11、电机;12、挂轴;13、连接架;14、拉绳;15、密封塞;16、滑杆二;17、内撑圈;18、外刮圈;19、密封槽;20、排污圈;21、限位圈;22、挤压筒;23、固定架;24、挤压塞;25、净水腔;26、上水口;27、蓄污槽;28、扇齿;29、滑柱;30、固定块;31、过滤腔;32、密封凸;33、底盘。01. Filter barrel; 02. Water inlet; 03. Water outlet; 04. Reel; 05. Sliding shaft; 06. Filter element; 07. Sliding ear; 08. Triangular block; 09. Slider one; 10. Ring; 11. Motor; 12. Hanging shaft; 13. Connecting frame; 14. Pull rope; 15. Sealing plug; 16. Two slide rods; 17. Inner support ring; circle; 21, limit ring; 22, extrusion cylinder; 23, fixed frame; 24, extrusion plug; 25, water purification chamber; Column; 30, fixed block; 31, filter cavity; 32, sealing convex; 33, chassis.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

请参阅图1至图8,本发明提供一种技术方案:一种抗污染的PVDF超滤膜过滤装置,包括过滤桶01,过滤桶01的上端设置有排水口03,排水口03的侧面设置有进水口02,过滤桶01内部上端设置有净水腔25,过滤桶01内部下端设置有过滤腔31,过滤桶01上滑动连接有滑杆一09,滑杆一09上位于过滤腔31内的一端上固定连接有外刮圈18,外刮圈18的弧形轮廓内壁设置有斜面,滑杆一09远离外刮圈18的一端固定连接有连接架13,连接架13上固定连接有滑杆二16,滑杆二16远离连接架13的一端设置有内撑圈17,内撑圈17上设置有斜面,过滤桶01上还设置有能使密封槽19向着远离净水腔25方向运动的驱动机构。Please refer to Fig. 1 to Fig. 8, the present invention provides a kind of technical scheme: a kind of anti-pollution PVDF ultrafiltration membrane filtration device, comprises filter barrel 01, and the upper end of filter barrel 01 is provided with drain outlet 03, and the side of drain outlet 03 is arranged There is a water inlet 02, the upper end of the filter barrel 01 is provided with a water purification chamber 25, and the lower end of the filter barrel 01 is provided with a filter chamber 31, and the filter barrel 01 is slidably connected with a slider 09, and the slider 09 is located in the filter chamber 31 An outer scraping ring 18 is fixedly connected to one end of the outer scraping ring 18, and the inner wall of the arc-shaped contour of the outer scraping ring 18 is provided with a slope, and the end of the sliding rod 109 away from the outer scraping ring 18 is fixedly connected to a connecting frame 13, and the connecting frame 13 is fixedly connected to a sliding rod. The end of rod two 16 and slide rod two 16 away from the connecting frame 13 is provided with an inner support ring 17, and the inner support ring 17 is provided with a slope, and the filter barrel 01 is also provided with a seal groove 19 that can move away from the direction of the water purification chamber 25. the drive mechanism.

当驱动机构驱动密封槽19向着滑杆一09向下运动的时候会带动外刮圈18和内撑圈17同时向着远离净水腔25的方向运动,首先随着内撑圈17的运动会撑开滤芯06,从而能起到对滤芯06形状矫正的功能,从而保证后续滤芯06过滤时始终保持最大过滤面积,从而保证过滤的效果,并且同时,内撑圈17上设置有倾斜的面(可结合图5),在内撑圈17向下运动的时候,倾斜的面可以首先接触到滤芯06的内壁,从而使其在进行矫正的时候不易被划伤,从而保证了使用寿命;在内撑圈17对滤芯06矫正完成的时候,此时滤芯06矫正完成的部分刚好运动到外刮圈18的位置,此时由于有内撑圈17的存在,内撑圈17会抵住滤芯06,从而使滤芯06和外刮圈18能紧贴在一起,从而随着外刮圈18向下运动的时候,外刮圈18能刮蹭滤芯06的外壁,从而能清洁滤芯06的外壁,将过滤时吸附在滤芯06外壁的污渍挂下,从而提高后续过滤的效果,从而使滤芯06能长效过滤,从而实现抗污染的功能,此外,由于外刮圈18上设置有倾斜的面,因此在进行清洁的时候,外刮圈18倾斜的面能配合内撑圈17挤压滤芯06,从而提高刮蹭的效果,并且倾斜的面朝下,因此外刮圈18向下运动的时候,会使滤芯06逐渐的被挤压,从而降低磨损;When the driving mechanism drives the sealing groove 19 to move downward toward the slide bar 109, it will drive the outer scraping ring 18 and the inner support ring 17 to move away from the clean water chamber 25 at the same time, firstly, the movement of the inner support ring 17 will stretch The filter element 06 can correct the shape of the filter element 06, thereby ensuring that the subsequent filter element 06 will always maintain the maximum filtration area when filtering, so as to ensure the filtering effect. At the same time, the inner support ring 17 is provided with an inclined surface (which can be combined with Figure 5), when the inner support ring 17 moves downward, the inclined surface can first contact the inner wall of the filter element 06, so that it is not easy to be scratched when correcting, thereby ensuring the service life; the inner support ring 17. When the correction of the filter element 06 is completed, the corrected part of the filter element 06 just moves to the position of the outer scraping ring 18. At this time, due to the existence of the inner support ring 17, the inner support ring 17 will resist the filter element 06, so that The filter element 06 and the outer scraping ring 18 can be closely attached together, so that when the outer scraping ring 18 moves downward, the outer scraping ring 18 can scrape the outer wall of the filter element 06, thereby cleaning the outer wall of the filter element 06 and absorbing Hang the stains on the outer wall of the filter element 06, thereby improving the effect of subsequent filtration, so that the filter element 06 can filter for a long time, thereby realizing the anti-pollution function. In addition, because the outer scraping ring 18 is provided with an inclined surface, it is easy to clean during cleaning. When the outer scraping ring 18 moves downward, the inclined surface of the outer scraping ring 18 can cooperate with the inner support ring 17 to squeeze the filter element 06, thereby improving the scraping effect, and the inclined surface faces downward, so when the outer scraping ring 18 moves downward, the filter element 06 will Gradually squeezed to reduce wear;

设置有内撑圈17,在内撑圈17运动的时候,能对滤芯06进行矫正,从而使其处于最大的直径,从而始终保持最大的过滤面积,设置的外刮圈18能对滤芯06的外壁进行刮蹭,从而清洁滤芯06表面的污渍,同时,在外刮圈18进行刮蹭的时候内撑圈17会配合外刮圈18挤压滤芯06,从而保证刮蹭的效果。An inner support ring 17 is provided, and when the inner support ring 17 moves, the filter element 06 can be rectified so that it is at the largest diameter, thereby maintaining the largest filtering area at all times. The outer wall is scraped to clean the stains on the surface of the filter element 06. At the same time, when the outer scraping ring 18 is scraping, the inner support ring 17 will cooperate with the outer scraping ring 18 to squeeze the filter element 06, thereby ensuring the scraping effect.

作为本发明的进一步方案,内撑圈17上固定连接有挤压筒22,挤压筒22上设置有上水口26,滑杆二16上固定连接有挤压塞24,挤压塞24上滑动连接有固定连接在挤压筒22上的固定架23,固定架23和挤压塞24之间设置有能使固定架23向着远离挤压塞24方向运动的弹簧,滤芯06和净水腔25连通位置设置有和净水腔25固定连接的限位圈21。As a further solution of the present invention, an extrusion cylinder 22 is fixedly connected to the inner support ring 17, and an upper nozzle 26 is arranged on the extrusion cylinder 22, and an extrusion plug 24 is fixedly connected to the sliding rod two 16, and the extrusion plug 24 slides A fixed frame 23 fixedly connected to the extruding cylinder 22 is connected, and a spring that enables the fixed frame 23 to move away from the extruding plug 24 is arranged between the fixed frame 23 and the extruding plug 24. The filter element 06 and the water purification chamber 25 The communication position is provided with a limit ring 21 fixedly connected with the water purification chamber 25 .

在不进行清洁的时候,挤压筒22被限位圈21抵住,从而挤压塞24和挤压筒22错位开来,从而此时过滤进滤芯06内的水能通过上水口26进入净水腔25内,在进行清洁的时候,随着滑杆二16的下降,首先会带动挤压塞24下降,此时固定架23和挤压塞24之间的弹簧从压缩状态逐渐恢复,从而挤压塞24会堵住上水口26,随后随着挤压塞24向下运动会拉动挤压筒22同时向下运动,从而带动内撑圈17同时向下运动,在挤压筒22向下运动的过程中,由于挤压塞24堵住上水口26,从而随着挤压筒22的下降,能挤压滤芯06内位于挤压筒22下方过滤后的水,从而使水从滤芯06内向外反向流出,从而利用过滤后的水实现反向冲洗的功能,并且,由于挤压筒22设置在外刮圈18的上方,可以在外刮圈18刮蹭以后再进行冲洗清洁,从而进一步提高了清洁的效果,此外,随着挤压筒22的下降,位于挤压筒22上方部分的滤芯06还可以继续进行过滤功能,从而实现清洁的过程不间断过滤功能,同时,在清洁完成以后,在进行复位的时候,由于挤压筒22和滤芯06的内壁存在摩擦,因此首先挤压塞24上升,此时挤压塞24和固定架23之间的弹簧被压缩,因此挤压塞24和挤压筒22错位开来,上水口26被打开,因此,此时同时由于内撑圈17固定连接在挤压筒22上,内撑圈17和外刮圈18也会错位,因此,此时内撑圈17和外刮圈18不会同时挤压滤芯06,从而外刮圈18不会刮蹭滤芯06,从而降低对滤芯06外壁的磨损,同时挤压塞24和固定架23错位,上水口26始终打开,因此挤压筒22不会继续挤压滤芯06内部的水使其向外排出,从而影响过滤的效率,在挤压筒22运动到限位圈21位置的时候,限位圈21回抵住挤压筒22,从而保证挤压塞24不堵住上水口26,使上水口26始终打开。When not cleaning, the extrusion cylinder 22 is resisted by the stop ring 21, so that the extrusion plug 24 and the extrusion cylinder 22 are dislocated, so that the water filtered into the filter element 06 can enter the net through the upper water port 26. In the water cavity 25, when cleaning, along with the decline of the slide bar 2 16, the squeeze plug 24 will be driven down at first, and the spring between the fixed mount 23 and the squeeze plug 24 will gradually recover from the compressed state, thereby The extrusion plug 24 will block the water inlet 26, and then the extrusion plug 24 will pull the extrusion cylinder 22 to move downwards as the extrusion plug 24 moves downwards, thereby driving the inner support ring 17 to move downwards at the same time, and the extrusion cylinder 22 will move downwards. During the process, since the squeeze plug 24 blocks the upper water port 26, as the squeeze cylinder 22 descends, the filtered water in the filter element 06 located under the squeeze cylinder 22 can be squeezed, so that the water flows from the inside of the filter element 06 to the outside. Reverse flow, so that the function of reverse flushing can be realized by using the filtered water, and, since the extrusion cylinder 22 is arranged above the outer scraping ring 18, it can be rinsed and cleaned after the outer scraping ring 18 is scraped, thereby further improving the cleaning effect. In addition, as the extrusion cylinder 22 descends, the filter element 06 located above the extrusion cylinder 22 can continue to perform the filtering function, thereby realizing the uninterrupted filtering function during the cleaning process. At the same time, after the cleaning is completed, the When resetting, because there is friction between the inner wall of the extrusion cylinder 22 and the filter element 06, the extrusion plug 24 rises first, and at this time the spring between the extrusion plug 24 and the fixed frame 23 is compressed, so the extrusion plug 24 and the extrusion plug 24 The cylinder 22 is dislocated, and the upper nozzle 26 is opened. Therefore, at the same time, because the inner support ring 17 is fixedly connected to the extrusion cylinder 22, the inner support ring 17 and the outer scraping ring 18 will also be dislocated. Therefore, at this time, the inner support ring 17 The ring 17 and the outer scraping ring 18 will not squeeze the filter element 06 at the same time, so that the outer scraping ring 18 will not scratch the filter element 06, thereby reducing the wear on the outer wall of the filter element 06. Always open, so the extrusion cylinder 22 will not continue to squeeze the water inside the filter element 06 to discharge it outward, thereby affecting the filtration efficiency. When the extrusion cylinder 22 moves to the position of the limit circle 21, the limit circle 21 will Hold against the extrusion cylinder 22, thereby ensuring that the extrusion plug 24 does not block the upper water port 26, so that the upper water port 26 is always opened.

作为本发明的进一步方案,滤芯06的外壁套设有卷盘04,卷盘04对称设置有两个,卷盘04上固定连接有滑动耳07,滑动耳07上滑动连接有滑轴05,滑轴05上设置有能使两个卷盘04朝着相互靠近方向运动的弹簧,其中一个卷盘04上开设有密封槽19,另一个卷盘04上固定连接有能卡接进密封槽19内的密封凸32,外刮圈18上固定连接有能使两个卷盘04撑开缝隙的三角块08。As a further solution of the present invention, the outer wall of the filter element 06 is covered with a reel 04, two reels 04 are symmetrically arranged, the reel 04 is fixedly connected with a sliding ear 07, the sliding ear 07 is slidably connected with a sliding shaft 05, and the sliding ear 07 is slidably connected with a sliding shaft 05. The shaft 05 is provided with a spring that can make the two reels 04 move towards each other. One of the reels 04 is provided with a sealing groove 19, and the other reel 04 is fixedly connected with a spring that can be snapped into the sealing groove 19. The sealing protrusion 32 is fixedly connected to the outer scraping ring 18 with a triangular block 08 that can enable the two reels 04 to open the gap.

作为本发明的进一步方案,过滤腔31的下端固定连接有套设在滤芯06下端的排污圈20,排污圈20上开设有蓄污槽27,蓄污槽27上设置有出水口连通至过滤桶01外部,过滤桶01的外壁固定连接有挂轴12,挂轴12上限位滑动连接有圆环10,挂轴12上设置有能使圆环10向着过滤桶01进行复位的弹簧,圆环10上固定连接有能堵住蓄污槽27出水口的密封塞15。As a further solution of the present invention, the lower end of the filter chamber 31 is fixedly connected with a sewage discharge ring 20 sleeved on the lower end of the filter element 06, and a sewage storage tank 27 is provided on the sewage discharge ring 20, and a water outlet is provided on the sewage storage tank 27 to communicate with the filter bucket. 01 outside, the outer wall of the filter barrel 01 is fixedly connected with a hanging shaft 12, the upper limit of the hanging shaft 12 is slidably connected with a ring 10, and the hanging shaft 12 is provided with a spring that can reset the ring 10 toward the filter barrel 01, and the ring 10 The sealing plug 15 that can block the water outlet of the sewage tank 27 is fixedly connected with the upper.

在不进行清洁的时候,三角块08回持续抵住卷盘04,从而使两个卷盘04始终保持缝隙,使污水能稳定的进入卷盘04内部通过滤芯06进行过滤,在进行清洁的时候,随着外刮圈18的下降,同时也会带动三角块08下降,从而两个卷盘04会逐渐合拢直到组成完整的圆筒扣在滤芯06的外围,并且卷盘04的内壁会贴在外刮圈18弧形轮廓的外壁上,扣合后其中一个卷盘04上的密封槽19会插进另一个卷盘04的密封凸32内,从而保证密封性,通过卷盘04可以实现在清洁的过程中,随着外刮圈18的下降,外刮圈18会挤压卷盘04和滤芯06之间位于外刮圈18下方的位置,首先使清洁下来的大量污渍留在卷盘04和滤芯06之间,随后通过外刮圈18的运动同时向下通过蓄污槽27的出水口排出,从而将清洁下来的大量污渍不会重新流到过滤腔31内,从而导致过滤腔31内污水污渍浓度过高,从而继续影响过滤的效率;此外,由于蓄污槽27的形状的近似梯形,从而可以使浓稠污渍水集中在蓄污槽27的下端,从而更容易通过蓄污槽27的出水口喷射出去,由于设置有挂轴12和圆环10,圆环10能通过密封塞15堵住蓄污槽27的出水口,因此在进行清洁的时候,随着挤压筒22和外刮圈18的下降,滤芯06内的水压以及滤芯06和卷盘04之间的水压持续增大,因此在水压的作用下会推动密封塞15打开,从而使水能通过蓄污槽27的排水口流出过滤桶01外部,在正常使用进行过滤的时候,没有水压的作用密封塞15又不会打开,从而保证密封。When not cleaning, the triangular block 08 keeps against the reel 04, so that the two reels 04 always maintain a gap, so that the sewage can stably enter the inside of the reel 04 and filter through the filter element 06. When cleaning , as the outer scraping ring 18 descends, it will also drive the triangular block 08 to descend, so that the two reels 04 will gradually close together until a complete cylinder is buckled on the periphery of the filter element 06, and the inner wall of the reel 04 will stick to the outside On the outer wall of the arc-shaped contour of the scraper ring 18, the sealing groove 19 on one of the reels 04 will be inserted into the sealing protrusion 32 of the other reel 04 after fastening, so as to ensure the sealing performance, and the reel 04 can realize cleaning During the process, as the outer scraping ring 18 descends, the outer scraping ring 18 will squeeze the position below the outer scraping ring 18 between the reel 04 and the filter element 06, and firstly make a large amount of cleaned dirt remain on the reel 04 and Between the filter elements 06, the movement of the outer scraping ring 18 is then simultaneously discharged downward through the water outlet of the dirt storage tank 27, so that a large amount of dirt that has been cleaned will not flow back into the filter cavity 31, resulting in sewage in the filter cavity 31 Dirt concentration is too high, thereby continue to affect the efficiency of filtration; In addition, because the approximate trapezoid of the shape of dirt storage tank 27, thereby thick dirty water can be concentrated in the lower end of dirt storage tank 27, thereby pass through the dirt storage tank 27 more easily The water outlet is sprayed out, and since the hanging shaft 12 and the circular ring 10 are provided, the circular ring 10 can block the water outlet of the dirt storage tank 27 by the sealing plug 15, so when cleaning, along with the extruding cylinder 22 and the outer scraper As the ring 18 descends, the water pressure in the filter element 06 and the water pressure between the filter element 06 and the reel 04 continue to increase, so under the action of the water pressure, the sealing plug 15 will be pushed to open, so that water can pass through the sewage storage tank 27 The drain outlet flows out of the filter barrel 01 outside, and when filtering in normal use, the sealing plug 15 will not be opened without the effect of water pressure, thereby ensuring sealing.

作为本发明的进一步方案,过滤桶01上固定连接有固定块30,固定块30上限位滑动连接有滑柱29,滑柱29靠近圆环10的一端为圆头,滑柱29的外壁套设有能使滑柱29向着圆环10方向复位的弹簧。As a further solution of the present invention, the filter bucket 01 is fixedly connected with a fixed block 30, and the upper limit of the fixed block 30 is slidably connected with a sliding column 29, and the end of the sliding column 29 close to the ring 10 is a round head, and the outer wall of the sliding column 29 is sleeved There is a spring that can make the sliding column 29 return to the direction of the annulus 10 .

通过滑柱29能限位圆环10,因此在外刮圈18和挤压筒22下降的时候,水压的增大不会第一时间使密封塞15来使圆环10下降,只有当水压增大到密封塞15能推动圆环10来使圆环10越过滑柱29,此时圆环10才会向下运动打开密封塞15,使水能通过蓄污槽27的出水口排出,由于经过清洁以后位于卷盘04和滤芯06之间部分的污水较为浓稠,因此容易堆积在排污圈20上不容易排出,从而易造成蓄污槽27出水口的堵塞,通过设置滑柱29,可以实现只有当水压达到能使圆环10越过滑柱29以后才会打开,因此卷盘04内的水压会蓄积,只有达到触发滑柱29的临界值才会打开,因此在打开的瞬间水的流速较快,从而能实现将污渍通过蓄污槽27的出水口形成喷射而出,能使污渍更好的排出过滤桶01,同时,能更快的排出过滤桶01,不易造成蓄污槽27出水口的堵塞,以及蓄积在卷盘04内部。The circular ring 10 can be limited by the sliding column 29, so when the outer scraping ring 18 and the extrusion cylinder 22 descend, the increase of water pressure will not cause the sealing plug 15 to descend the circular ring 10 at the first time, only when the hydraulic pressure Increase to sealing plug 15 and can promote circular ring 10 to make circular ring 10 cross spool 29, and this moment circular ring 10 just can move downwards and open sealing plug 15, makes water discharge by the water outlet of dirt storage tank 27, because After cleaning, the sewage in the part between the reel 04 and the filter element 06 is relatively thick, so it is easy to accumulate on the sewage ring 20 and is not easy to discharge, thereby easily causing blockage of the water outlet of the sewage storage tank 27. By setting the sliding column 29, it can be Realize that it will only open when the water pressure reaches to enable the ring 10 to cross the spool 29, so the water pressure in the reel 04 will accumulate, and it will only open when it reaches the critical value that triggers the spool 29, so the water will be opened at the moment of opening. The flow rate is faster, so that the stains can be sprayed out through the water outlet of the dirt storage tank 27, and the dirt can be better discharged from the filter barrel 01. 27 Clogging of the water outlet, and accumulation inside the reel 04.

作为本发明的进一步方案,驱动机构包括通过一转轴转动连接在过滤桶01下表面的卷盘04,卷盘04上固定连接有拉绳14,拉绳14远离卷盘04的一端固定连接在连接架13上,过滤桶01的下表面固定连接有电机11,电机11的输出轴上固定连接有扇齿28,卷盘04的转轴上固定连接有和扇齿28啮合的锥齿轮,滑杆一09的外壁套设有能使外刮圈18向着过滤腔31内部进行复位的弹簧。As a further solution of the present invention, the drive mechanism includes a reel 04 that is connected to the lower surface of the filter bucket 01 through a rotating shaft. On the frame 13, the motor 11 is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the filter bucket 01, the output shaft of the motor 11 is fixedly connected with the fan teeth 28, and the rotating shaft of the reel 04 is fixedly connected with a bevel gear meshing with the fan teeth 28, and a slide bar The outer wall of 09 is covered with a spring that can reset the outer scraping ring 18 toward the inside of the filter cavity 31 .

在扇齿28工作的时候会通过输出轴带动扇齿28进行转动,扇齿28转动的时候会带动卷盘04转轴上的锥齿轮来带动卷盘04转动,从而使卷盘04卷绕拉绳14,从而拉动连接架13来使滑杆一09下降,从而实现驱动的功能,滑杆一09上的弹簧能使滑杆一09复位,由于扇齿28为部分锥齿轮,因此只会带动一个卷盘04转动,随着扇齿28转动一圈,可以实现间歇性驱动每个卷盘04都转动一圈的功能,从而使每个滑杆一09都会间歇向下运动,从而使一个滤芯06在进行清洁的时候,不影响其它的过滤进行,从而保证了过滤的效率。When the sector 28 is working, the output shaft will drive the sector 28 to rotate. When the sector 28 rotates, it will drive the bevel gear on the rotating shaft of the reel 04 to drive the reel 04 to rotate, so that the reel 04 can wind the pull rope 14, so that the connecting frame 13 is pulled to lower the slide bar 09 to realize the driving function. The spring on the slide bar 09 can reset the slide bar 09. Since the fan teeth 28 are part bevel gears, only one The reel 04 rotates, and the function of intermittently driving each reel 04 to rotate one revolution can be realized as the fan teeth 28 rotate one revolution, so that each slide bar 09 will move downward intermittently, so that a filter element 06 When cleaning, it does not affect other filtering, thus ensuring the efficiency of filtering.

作为本发明的进一步方案,过滤桶01的下端设置有底盘33。As a further solution of the present invention, a chassis 33 is provided at the lower end of the filter barrel 01 .

通过底盘33可以实现收集被蓄污槽27出水口排出的污渍。The dirt that is discharged by the water outlet of the dirt storage tank 27 can be collected by the chassis 33 .

一种抗污染的PVDF超滤膜组件结构,包括滤芯06,滤芯06的下端密封,滤芯06的上端贯通,滤芯06的上端和净水腔25连通并固定,滤芯06的下端固定连接在过滤桶01的底璧上。An anti-pollution PVDF ultrafiltration membrane module structure, including a filter element 06, the lower end of the filter element 06 is sealed, the upper end of the filter element 06 is penetrated, the upper end of the filter element 06 is connected and fixed to the water purification chamber 25, and the lower end of the filter element 06 is fixedly connected to the filter barrel 01 on the bottom wall.

安装的时候,需要使滤芯06贯通的一端和净水腔25连通,并且和连通的位置固定连接,下端也和过滤桶01固定连接,在进行过滤的时候,过滤的水会通过滤芯06薄壁流进滤芯06内,随后向上端流进净水腔25内,滤芯06的下端不会有水的流通,从而不会影响过滤以及清洁功能的进行。When installing, it is necessary to connect one end of the filter element 06 to the water purification chamber 25, and to be fixedly connected to the connected position, and the lower end is also fixedly connected to the filter barrel 01. When filtering, the filtered water will pass through the thin wall of the filter element 06 It flows into the filter element 06, and then flows into the water purification chamber 25 at the upper end, and the lower end of the filter element 06 will not have water circulation, thereby not affecting the filtering and cleaning functions.

Claims (8)

1. The utility model provides an antipollution's PVDF milipore filter equipment, includes filter vat (01), the upper end of filter vat (01) is provided with outlet (03), the side of outlet (03) is provided with water inlet (02), its characterized in that: the inside upper end of filter vat (01) is provided with water purification chamber (25), the inside lower extreme of filter vat (01) is provided with filter chamber (31), sliding connection has slide bar (09) on filter vat (01), one of slide bar (09) is gone up and is served fixedly connected with in filter chamber (31) and scrape circle (18), the arc profile inner wall of scraping circle (18) outward is provided with the inclined plane, slide bar (09) are kept away from outer one end fixedly connected with link (13) of scraping circle (18), fixedly connected with slide bar two (16) are gone up in link (13), the one end that link (13) were kept away from in slide bar two (16) is provided with interior bracer (17), be provided with the inclined plane on interior bracer (17), still be provided with on filter vat (01) and make seal groove (19) towards the actuating mechanism who keeps away from water purification chamber (25) direction motion.
2. The anti-contamination PVDF ultrafiltration membrane filtration device of claim 1, wherein: fixedly connected with recipient (22) on interior lock ring (17), be provided with mouth of a river (26) on recipient (22), fixedly connected with extrusion plug (24) on slide bar two (16), sliding connection has mount (23) of fixed connection on recipient (22) on extrusion plug (24), be provided with between mount (23) and extrusion plug (24) and enable mount (23) towards keeping away from the spring of extrusion plug (24) direction motion, filter core (06) and water purification chamber (25) intercommunication position be provided with water purification chamber (25) fixed connection's spacing collar (21).
3. The anti-contamination PVDF ultrafiltration membrane filtration device according to claim 2, wherein: the outer wall cover of filter core (06) is equipped with reel (04), reel (04) symmetry is provided with two, fixedly connected with slip ear (07) on reel (04), sliding connection has sliding shaft (05) on slip ear (07), be provided with on sliding shaft (05) and enable two reels (04) towards the spring of being close to the direction motion each other, one of them seal groove (19) have been seted up on reel (04), another fixedly connected with can joint protruding (32) in seal groove (19) on reel (04), scrape circle (18) outward and go up fixedly connected with and enable two reel (04) prop open the triangle block (08) in gap.
4. The anti-contamination PVDF ultrafiltration membrane filtration device of claim 3, wherein: the sewage draining device is characterized in that a sewage draining ring (20) at the lower end of a filter element (06) is sleeved with a fixedly connected lower end of a filter cavity (31), a sewage storing groove (27) is formed in the sewage draining ring (20), a water outlet is formed in the sewage storing groove (27) and communicated to the outside of the filter barrel (01), a hanging shaft (12) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the filter barrel (01), a circular ring (10) is connected to the hanging shaft (12) in a limiting and sliding mode, a spring capable of enabling the circular ring (10) to reset towards the filter barrel (01) is arranged on the hanging shaft (12), and a sealing plug (15) capable of plugging the water outlet of the sewage storing groove (27) is fixedly connected to the circular ring (10).
5. The anti-contamination PVDF ultrafiltration membrane filtration device according to claim 4, wherein: fixedly connected with fixed block (30) on filter vat (01), spacing sliding connection has traveller (29) on fixed block (30), the one end that traveller (29) are close to ring (10) is the button head, the outer wall cover of traveller (29) is equipped with the spring that enables traveller (29) and reset towards ring (10) direction.
6. The anti-contamination PVDF ultrafiltration membrane filtration device of claim 1, wherein: the drive mechanism comprises a reel (04) which is rotatably connected to the lower surface of the filter barrel (01) through a rotating shaft, a pull rope (14) is fixedly connected to the reel (04), one end, far away from the reel (04), of the pull rope (14) is fixedly connected to a connecting frame (13), a motor (11) is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the filter barrel (01), sector teeth (28) are fixedly connected to an output shaft of the motor (11), bevel gears which are meshed with the sector teeth (28) are fixedly connected to the rotating shaft of the reel (04), and a spring which enables the outer scraping ring (18) to reset towards the inside of the filter cavity (31) is sleeved on the outer wall of the sliding rod I (09).
7. The anti-contamination PVDF ultrafiltration membrane filtration device of claim 1, wherein: the lower end of the filter barrel (01) is provided with a chassis (33).
8. An anti-contamination PVDF ultrafiltration membrane component structure suitable for use in an anti-contamination PVDF ultrafiltration membrane filtration device of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: including filter core (06), the lower extreme of filter core (06) is sealed, the upper end of filter core (06) link up, the upper end and the water purification chamber (25) of filter core (06) intercommunication are fixed, the lower extreme fixed connection of filter core (06) is on the end jade of lauter tun (01).
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CN116573720A (en) * 2023-05-18 2023-08-11 深圳恒通源环保节能科技有限公司 Equipment and method for purifying pure water
CN120789773A (en) * 2025-09-15 2025-10-17 苏州特亿解生物科技有限公司 Separation filter equipment is used in animal remedy preparation

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CN213913182U (en) * 2020-11-17 2021-08-10 沈阳衡天然生物科技有限公司 Hollow fiber ultrafiltration column assembly device convenient to monitor
CN114028856A (en) * 2021-11-11 2022-02-11 丁瑞豪 a centrifugal filter
CN217437887U (en) * 2022-03-04 2022-09-16 河南迈纳净化技术有限公司 Anti-pollution membrane sewage treatment device

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JPH10216484A (en) * 1997-02-12 1998-08-18 Hitachi Metals Ltd Microfilter
CN213913182U (en) * 2020-11-17 2021-08-10 沈阳衡天然生物科技有限公司 Hollow fiber ultrafiltration column assembly device convenient to monitor
CN112827235A (en) * 2021-01-19 2021-05-25 海宁美康环保科技有限公司 Back-flushing type pre-filter
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CN120789773A (en) * 2025-09-15 2025-10-17 苏州特亿解生物科技有限公司 Separation filter equipment is used in animal remedy preparation

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