Processing device and processing method for blind hole internal gear of shaft part
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of machining of shaft parts, relates to a machining technology of a shaft part blind hole, and particularly relates to a machining device and a machining method for a shaft part blind hole internal gear.
Background
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, the shaft part with the blind hole internal gear structure is one of common parts in various mechanical products, and is commonly used in a transmission connection structure, wherein the surfaces of the part consist of surfaces such as inner cylindrical surface, outer cylindrical surface, circular arc, external threads and the like, and a plurality of diameter sizes and axial sizes have higher requirements on dimensional accuracy and surface roughness. In the prior art, blind hole internal gears on the parts are generally finished on special gear machining equipment (gear shaping machine), when the gear shaping machine is utilized for machining, a gear shaping cutter is arranged on a cutter main shaft and simultaneously performs rotary motion and up-and-down reciprocating slotting motion, a workpiece is arranged on a workbench and performs rotary motion, and only single teeth can be subjected to slotting machining at the same time, so that the machining efficiency is low, the price of the gear shaping machine is high, and the production cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of low machining efficiency and high production cost in the prior art when a gear shaping machine is used for machining the blind hole internal gear of the shaft part with the blind hole internal gear structure, the invention provides a machining device and a machining method for the blind hole internal gear of the shaft part.
The invention can complete the processing of the blind hole internal gear on the oil press, effectively improves the processing efficiency and greatly reduces the production cost; the specific technical scheme is as follows:
a processingequipment for axle type part blind hole internal gear, including base, setting element, V-arrangement piece, bush and pushing away the tooth sword, the base includes horizontal fixed plate and vertical fixed plate, vertical fixed plate fixed connection is in the top of horizontal fixed plate, the setting element is connected with horizontal fixed plate, V-arrangement piece and bush all are connected with vertical fixed plate, the bush sets up the top at the V-arrangement piece, just setting element, V-arrangement piece and bush three coaxial setting, the bush is provided with the trepanning along the axial, it sets up in the trepanning of bush to push away the tooth sword, it sets up the top at the V-arrangement piece to push away the tooth sword.
Further limited, the processing device for the blind hole internal gear of the shaft part further comprises an orientation block and a support plate, wherein the bushing is connected with the vertical fixing plate through the support plate, one end part of the orientation block is connected with the vertical fixing plate, the other end part of the orientation block penetrates through the wall of the bushing and extends into a trepanning of the bushing, and the orientation block is in contact with the end face of the side part of the pushing tooth knife to limit the pushing tooth knife.
Further defined, an end of the orientation block extending into the bushing pocket is spaced from the bushing pocket wall by a distance less than the bushing pocket bore diameter.
Further limited, the processing device for the blind hole internal gear of the shaft part further comprises a pressing plate and a pressing block, wherein the pressing plate is movably connected with the transverse fixing plate, the pressing block is movably connected with the pressing plate, and the pressing block is arranged opposite to the V-shaped block along the radial direction of the V-shaped block.
Further defined, the pressing block is provided with a V-shaped clamping groove, and the V-shaped clamping groove is arranged opposite to the V-shaped block along the radial direction of the V-shaped block.
Further limited, the processing device for the blind hole internal gear of the shaft part further comprises a first movable joint bolt, a second movable joint bolt and a support, wherein the first movable joint bolt and the second movable joint bolt are connected with the transverse fixing plate, the second movable joint bolt is movably connected with the pressing plate, the first movable joint bolt is detachably and fixedly connected with the pressing plate, and the first movable joint bolt and the second movable joint bolt are arranged in parallel with the pressing block; the second movable joint bolt is connected with the transverse fixing plate through the support.
Further defined, the first articulation bolt is movably connected with the pressure plate through a fourth cylindrical pin.
Further defined, the briquetting passes through third cylindric lock and clamp plate swing joint.
Further defined, the locating member is a locating pin.
The processing method for the blind hole internal gear of the shaft part, which is formed based on the processing device for the blind hole internal gear of the shaft part, comprises the following steps:
1) Opening the connection part of the pressing plate and the first movable joint bolt, and rotating the pressing plate along the connection part of the second movable joint bolt and the pressing plate to enable the pressing block to move to one side far away from the V-shaped block;
2) The bottom end face of the to-be-machined piece is supported on the top end face of the positioning piece, the outer circle of the to-be-machined piece is supported in the V-shaped clamping groove of the V-shaped block, the pressing plate is rotated along the connecting part of the second movable joint bolt and the pressing plate, the V-shaped clamping groove of the pressing block is clamped on the outer circle of the to-be-machined piece, the pressing plate is fixedly connected with the first movable joint bolt, and the to-be-machined piece is clamped through the V-shaped clamping groove of the pressing block and the V-shaped clamping groove of the V-shaped block;
3) Clamping the tooth pushing knife in a trepanning of the bushing, enabling a tool bit of the tooth pushing knife to be attached to the top end face of a workpiece to be machined, clamping the tooth pushing knife by adjusting the length of the directional block extending into the bushing, applying pressure to the tooth pushing knife, and enabling the tooth pushing knife to move downwards to push the tooth to be machined;
4) And 3) replacing a thicker cutter head of the next group of cutter heads after the tooth pushing of one group of cutter heads is completed, and repeating the step 3) for a plurality of times until the processing of the blind hole internal gear of the shaft part is completed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
The invention designs a novel processing device for the blind hole internal gear of the shaft part, when the processing device is used, as long as the position of a to-be-processed workpiece is fixed, the processing device begins to push teeth from a thin pushing tooth cutter head, then begins to push teeth by replacing a thicker pushing tooth cutter head, and finally begins with a pushing tooth cutter head matched with the blind hole internal gear, and completes the processing of the blind hole internal gear of the shaft part after the pushing teeth are completed; when pressure is applied to the tooth pushing cutter, the pressure can be applied through the oil press, a special device is not required to process the blind hole internal gear, the cost of the device is saved, and in tooth pushing processing, all teeth to be processed are simultaneously cut at the same time, so that the processing efficiency is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a shaft-type component with a blind hole internal gear structure;
FIG. 2 is a top view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a processing device for a blind hole internal gear of a shaft part according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of a tooth pushing cutter;
FIG. 5 is a top view of FIG. 3;
FIG. 6 is an H-view of FIG. 3;
FIG. 7 is a view in the K-direction of FIG. 3;
the device comprises a 1-base, a 2-V-shaped block, a 3-orientation block, a 4-support plate, a 5-bushing, a 6-pushing tooth knife, a 7-first nut, an 8-locating pin, a 9-first bolt, a 10-first cylindrical pin, an 11-support, a 12-second cylindrical pin, a 13-first movable joint bolt, a 14-second nut, a 15-pressing plate, a 16-pressing block, a 17-third cylindrical pin, a 18-fourth cylindrical pin, a 19-second movable joint bolt, a 20-third nut, a 21-second bolt and a 22-fifth cylindrical pin.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the present invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings and examples, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described below.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 3, 4 and 5, the processing device for a blind hole internal gear of a shaft part in this embodiment includes a base 1, a positioning member, a V-shaped block 2, a bushing 5 and a tooth pushing cutter 6, wherein the base 1 includes a transverse fixing plate and a vertical fixing plate, the vertical fixing plate is fixedly connected above the transverse fixing plate, the positioning member is connected with the transverse fixing plate, the V-shaped block 2 and the bushing 5 are both connected with the vertical fixing plate, the bushing 5 is arranged above the V-shaped block 2, the positioning member, the V-shaped block 2 and the bushing 5 are coaxially arranged, the bushing 5 is axially provided with a trepanning, the tooth pushing cutter 6 is arranged in the trepanning of the bushing 5, and the tooth pushing cutter 6 is arranged above the V-shaped block 2. Specifically, referring to fig. 6, the v-block 2 is fixedly connected to the transverse fixing plate by a second bolt 21 and a fifth cylindrical pin 22; the transverse fixing plate and the vertical fixing plate are connected to form an inverted T-shaped structure, and the axial direction of the positioning piece is parallel to the plane of the panel of the transverse fixing plate; the top end face of the positioning piece is a standard reference face.
The processing device for the blind hole internal gear of the shaft part further comprises an orientation block 3 and a support plate 4, wherein the bushing 5 is connected with the vertical fixing plate through the support plate 4, one end part of the orientation block 3 is connected with the vertical fixing plate, the other end part of the orientation block 3 penetrates through the wall of the bushing 5 and extends into a sleeve hole of the bushing 5, the orientation block 3 is in end face contact with the side part of the pushing tooth knife 6, the pushing tooth knife 6 is tightly propped up through the end face of the orientation block 3, and the pushing tooth knife 6 is limited. Specifically, the orientation block 3 is fixedly connected to the transverse fixing plate through a first nut 7; the bushing 5 is fixedly connected with the support plate 4 in a tight fit manner; the support plate 4 is fixedly connected to the transverse fixing plate through a first bolt 9 and a first cylindrical pin 10.
Referring to fig. 7, the distance between the end of the orientation block 3 extending into the trepanning of the bush 5 and the trepanning wall of the bush 5 is smaller than the trepanning aperture of the bush 5. Referring to fig. 4, a dimension L is ensured between the bushing 5 and the orientation block 3, a dimension L1 is ensured at the upper guiding portion of the pushing cutter 6, and a clearance fit is ensured between L and L1, i.e. L is smaller than L1.
The processing device for the blind hole internal gear of the shaft part further comprises a pressing plate 15 and a pressing block 16, wherein the pressing plate 15 is movably connected with the transverse fixing plate, the pressing block 16 is movably connected with the pressing plate 15, and the pressing block 16 and the V-shaped block 2 are arranged opposite to each other along the radial direction of the V-shaped block 2.
The pressing block 16 is provided with a V-shaped clamping groove which is opposite to the V-shaped block 2. Specifically, the V-shaped clamping groove on the pressing block 16 is opposite to the V-shaped clamping groove on the V-shaped block 2, and the V-shaped clamping groove on the pressing block 16 is identical to the V-shaped clamping groove on the V-shaped block 2 in shape, and the V-shaped clamping groove is opposite to the V-shaped block 2 along the radial direction of the V-shaped block 2.
The processing device for the blind hole internal gear of the shaft part further comprises a first movable joint bolt 13, a second movable joint bolt 19 and a support 11, wherein the first movable joint bolt 13 and the second movable joint bolt 19 are connected with the transverse fixing plate, the second movable joint bolt 19 is movably connected with the pressing plate 15, the first movable joint bolt 13 is detachably and fixedly connected with the pressing plate 15, and the first movable joint bolt 13 and the second movable joint bolt 19 are arranged in parallel with the pressing block 16; the second articulated screw 19 is connected to the transverse fixing plate via the support 11. Specifically, the second movable joint bolt 19 is fixedly connected to the transverse fixing plate through a third nut 20, and the first movable joint bolt 13 is movably connected with the pressing plate 15 through a fourth cylindrical pin 18; further specifically, the articulation is a rotational connection, i.e. the platen 15 is rotatable along the O-point in fig. 5. The pressing block 16 is movably connected with the pressing plate 15 through a third cylindrical pin 17; further specifically, the articulation is a rotational connection, i.e., the compact 16 is rotatable along point a in fig. 5. The support 11 is fixedly connected with the transverse fixing plate in a threaded connection mode. The first pivot pin 13 is rotatably connected to the support 11 by a second cylindrical pin 12, which is a rotary connection, i.e. the first pivot pin 13 can rotate along point B in fig. 5. The first articulated screw 13 is detachably connected fixedly to the pressure plate 15 by means of a second screw nut 14.
Preferably, the positioning member is a positioning pin 8, and it should be noted that the positioning member may be a positioning block, a positioning step, or the like, in addition to the positioning pin 8.
Example 2
The processing method for the blind hole internal gear of the shaft part of the embodiment is formed based on the processing device for the blind hole internal gear of the shaft part of embodiment 1, and comprises the following steps:
1) Opening the connection part of the pressing plate 15 and the first movable joint bolt 13, and rotating the pressing plate 15 along the connection part (O point) of the second movable joint bolt 19 and the pressing plate 15, so that the pressing block 16 moves to the side far away from the V-shaped block 2;
2) The bottom end face of a workpiece to be machined is supported on the top end face of a positioning piece, the outer circle of the workpiece to be machined (the arc face corresponding to the side face of a shaft part) is supported in a V-shaped clamping groove of a V-shaped block 2, the pressing plate 15 is rotated along the connecting part (O point) of a second movable joint bolt 19 and the pressing plate 15, the V-shaped clamping groove of the pressing plate 16 is clamped on the outer circle of the workpiece to be machined, the pressing plate 16 is rotated along the point A, the V-shaped clamp of the pressing plate 16 is opposite to the V-shaped clamping groove of the V-shaped block 2, the pressing plate 15 is fixedly connected with the first movable joint bolt 13 through a second nut 14, and the workpiece to be machined is clamped and fixed through the V-shaped clamping groove of the pressing plate 16 and the V-shaped clamping groove of the V-shaped block 2;
3) Firstly, clamping the tooth pushing cutter 6 in a trepanning of a bushing 5 by using the thinnest tooth pushing cutter 6, enabling a cutter head of the tooth pushing cutter 6 to be attached to the top end surface of a workpiece to be processed, clamping the tooth pushing cutter 6 by adjusting the length of the orientation block 3 extending into the bushing 5, applying downward pressure to the tooth pushing cutter 6, and enabling the tooth pushing cutter 6 to move downwards to push teeth of the workpiece to be processed; specifically, the downward pressure of the pushing cutter 6 is applied by an oil press;
4) The number of the tooth pushing cutters 6 is multiple, each group of tooth pushing cutters 6 is independently used, after the tooth pushing of one group of tooth pushing cutters 6 is completed, the thicker tooth pushing cutter 6 of the next group of cutter heads is replaced, the step 3) is repeated for multiple times, finally, the tooth pushing cutters 6 matched with the blind hole internal gear are used, and the tooth pushing operation of the last step is completed, namely the blind hole internal gear processing of the shaft part is completed.