CN115591774A - Comprehensive sorting equipment based on multi-characteristic difference of materials and application thereof - Google Patents
Comprehensive sorting equipment based on multi-characteristic difference of materials and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115591774A CN115591774A CN202211341199.5A CN202211341199A CN115591774A CN 115591774 A CN115591774 A CN 115591774A CN 202211341199 A CN202211341199 A CN 202211341199A CN 115591774 A CN115591774 A CN 115591774A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B4/00—Separating solids from solids by subjecting their mixture to gas currents
- B07B4/02—Separating solids from solids by subjecting their mixture to gas currents while the mixtures fall
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B11/00—Arrangement of accessories in apparatus for separating solids from solids using gas currents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B11/00—Arrangement of accessories in apparatus for separating solids from solids using gas currents
- B07B11/02—Arrangement of air or material conditioning accessories
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B11/00—Arrangement of accessories in apparatus for separating solids from solids using gas currents
- B07B11/06—Feeding or discharging arrangements
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Abstract
The invention relates to a comprehensive sorting device based on material multi-feature difference and application thereof.A feeding unit introduces materials to be sorted, a primary sorting unit separates first light materials, a pre-separation unit pre-separates other light materials, a plurality of secondary sorting units separate second light materials, simultaneously third light materials are transferred and enriched to the lower layer of the materials, a final sorting unit separates the third light materials, and an output unit outputs the heavy materials and the light materials; the sorting chamber is matched with the feeding unit, the primary sorting unit, the pre-separation unit, the secondary sorting unit and the final sorting unit, and the settling chamber is arranged on the side of the sorting chamber and is communicated with the space; the feeding unit, the primary sorting unit, the pre-separation unit, the secondary sorting unit, the final sorting unit and the output unit are sequentially arranged from top to bottom. The invention uses the difference of the characteristics of light and heavy garbage in various aspects such as density, elasticity, inertia, friction, shape and the like to sort the garbage; realize that different materials select separately many times step by step, reduce single separation load, improve the separation precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of separating solid from solid by using a fine screen, a coarse screen, screening or air flow, in particular to comprehensive separation equipment based on multi-characteristic difference of materials in the field of solid separation devices and application thereof.
Background
With the rapid development of social economy, the production amount of urban domestic garbage is increasing day by day. At present, domestic landfill treatment projects are increasing day by day, wherein, refuse excavation screening treatment is an important treatment mode.
In the prior art, for the condition that garbage with different properties, particularly light and heavy material mixing types, such as plastic, fabric, stone and brick, and the like are mixed, a winnowing machine is mostly adopted for separation in the separation treatment; however, in the application of a common winnowing machine, materials can only be subjected to wind for single time for separation, the wind receiving time is short, the materials are easy to wrap, the winnowing efficiency is low, further improvement of winnowing quality is limited in principle, the light and heavy materials are seriously mixed, the separation quality is poor, particularly when the density difference of the materials is small, the subsequent treatment and disposal of winnowing products are difficult, and the cost is high.
Because the quality requirement for screening the garbage is more and more strict at present, how to improve the sorting quality, especially the sorting quality of light and heavy materials, becomes a difficult problem to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the problem of poor quality of separating light and heavy materials of a winnowing machine in the prior art, provides comprehensive separation equipment based on multi-characteristic difference of materials and application thereof, and realizes material separation by fully utilizing the characteristic and property difference of light and heavy materials in various aspects such as density, elasticity, inertia, friction coefficient, shape and the like under the scenes of falling, collision, sliding and wind flow field conveying.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the comprehensive separation equipment based on the multi-characteristic difference of materials comprises the following components:
the feeding unit is used for introducing materials to be sorted;
the primary sorting unit is used for separating a first light material in the materials to be sorted;
the pre-separation unit is used for pre-separating other light materials in the materials to be separated from which the first light materials are removed;
the secondary sorting units are used for separating second light materials from other light materials and enriching third light materials;
a final stage sorting unit for final separation of the third light material;
the output unit is used for respectively outputting the heavy materials and all the light materials;
the equipment also comprises a separation chamber and a settling chamber which are communicated in space and are arranged in a matching way, wherein the separation chamber is arranged in a matching way with the feeding unit, the primary separation unit, the pre-separation unit, the secondary separation unit and the final separation unit, and the settling chamber is arranged in the side of the separation chamber in a matching way;
the feeding unit, the primary sorting unit, the pre-separation unit, the secondary sorting unit, the final sorting unit and the output unit are sequentially arranged from top to bottom.
Preferably, the feeding unit comprises a feeding port arranged at the upper part of the sorting chamber, a feeding belt is arranged outside the sorting chamber matched with the feeding port, and a first guide plate inclining downwards to the sorting chamber is arranged in the sorting chamber matched with the feeding port.
Preferably, the primary sorting unit comprises a first air outlet arranged in cooperation with the output end of the feeding unit, the first air outlet is arranged in an upward inclined manner towards the settling chamber, and the output end of the first air outlet is arranged in cooperation with the lower portion of the first guide plate.
Preferably, the pre-separation unit comprises a first isolation roller matched with the output end of the primary separation unit, and a second guide plate is arranged on one side, facing the primary separation unit, of the first isolation roller; the output end of the first air outlet faces the sorting chamber between the first guide plate and the first isolation roller.
Preferably, the second baffle slopes in the opposite direction to the first baffle, the second baffle sloping downwardly away from the settling chamber.
Preferably, the second guide plate is provided with a longitudinal rib in a matching manner, the width of the rib is smaller than or equal to that of the second guide plate, the length of the rib is smaller than that of the second guide plate, and the top end of the rib is matched with the first isolation roller.
Preferably, the secondary sorting unit comprises a plurality of second air outlets arranged along the vertical direction, and any one of the second air outlets is arranged towards the settling chamber; the output end of any one second air outlet and the output end of the second guide plate are arranged at an angle, and the output end of the second air outlet faces the sorting chamber between the second guide plate and the final-stage sorting unit.
Preferably, the last-stage sorting unit comprises a third air outlet and a second isolation roller which are matched with the secondary sorting unit, the third air outlet is arranged in an upward inclined manner towards the settling chamber, and the output end of the third air outlet faces towards the sorting chamber between the second guide plate and the second isolation roller; and a position adjusting mechanism for adjusting the position of the second isolation roller is arranged in cooperation with the second isolation roller.
Preferably, the output unit comprises a first output belt located below the settling chamber for outputting the light material; the output unit also comprises a second output belt which is arranged below the sorting chamber in a matched manner and is used for outputting heavy materials; the first output belt and the second output belt are vertical.
The application of the comprehensive sorting equipment based on the material multi-characteristic difference comprises the following steps:
step 1: the materials to be sorted slide downwards after being lifted and conveyed by the feeding unit, the thickness of the material layer is reduced and the materials are uniformly distributed, the resistance of the light materials is larger, and the sliding speed is lower than that of the heavy materials;
step 2: the materials are separated from the feeding unit and then immediately enter a flow field of the primary separation unit, the motion state change of the light materials is larger than that of the heavy materials, the first light materials are dragged by the flow field and cross the first isolation roller or enter a settling chamber under the rotation assistance of the first isolation roller, and primary air separation is realized;
and 3, step 3: the rest materials continuously fall to collide with the pre-separation unit, heavy materials are enriched on the upper layer and two sides of the materials through the rebound effect, light materials are concentrated on the lower layer and the middle of the materials, the pre-separation of the light materials and the heavy materials is realized, and the difference of the motion characteristics of the light materials and the heavy materials is increased based on the friction coefficient and the elasticity difference;
and 4, step 4: the materials continuously descend, enter a flow field of a secondary sorting unit after being separated from the pre-separating unit, are acted by wind power, the light materials further tend to a material lower layer, the heavy materials are opposite, the second light materials are separated from the heavy materials, secondary winnowing separation is realized, and meanwhile, the third light materials are transferred and enriched to the material lower layer;
and 5: the materials continuously descend and enter a flow field of a final-stage sorting unit, and under the action of reverse wind, the third light materials which are preliminarily layered and enriched are finally and completely separated from the heavy materials, so that final-stage winnowing separation is realized;
step 6: the completely separated second and third light materials are dragged by wind power to pass through the second isolation roller or enter the settling chamber under the assistance of the rotation of the second isolation roller, and gradually settle at the output unit at the bottom of the settling chamber, the heavy materials fall at the output unit at the bottom of the separation chamber, and finally, the separated materials are respectively collected and transferred.
The invention relates to a comprehensive sorting device based on material multi-feature difference and application thereof.A material to be sorted is introduced by a feeding unit, a first light material in the material to be sorted is separated by a primary sorting unit, other light materials in the material to be sorted from which the first light material is removed are pre-separated by a pre-separation unit, second light materials in the other light materials are separated by a plurality of secondary sorting units, meanwhile, a third light material is transferred and enriched to a material lower layer, the third light material is finally separated by a final-stage sorting unit, and the heavy material and all the light materials are respectively output by an output unit; the sorting device also comprises a sorting chamber and a settling chamber which are communicated in space and are arranged in a matching way, wherein the sorting chamber is arranged in a matching way with the feeding unit, the primary sorting unit, the pre-separation unit, the secondary sorting unit and the final sorting unit, and the settling chamber is arranged on the side of the sorting chamber in a matching way; the feeding unit, the primary sorting unit, the pre-separation unit, the secondary sorting unit, the final sorting unit and the output unit are sequentially arranged from top to bottom.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The current situation that the traditional winnowing machine can only utilize the single density characteristic difference of light and heavy materials in single winnowing is changed, and the garbage is sorted by fully utilizing the difference of various characteristics of light and heavy garbage in density, elasticity, inertia, friction, shape and the like;
(2) Wind flow fields in different directions with gradually increasing wind speed are generated from top to bottom through a plurality of air outlets with different pitching dip angles; the materials are influenced by guide plates with different configurations in different directions under the driving of gravity to form a plurality of material flow fields, enrichment of materials with the same or similar properties and dispersion of materials with different properties are realized in the material flow process, and the difference of motion characteristics (speed, direction, kinetic energy, momentum and the like) of the materials with different properties is increased; the wind flow field acts on the material flow field (downstream or upstream) at different included angles, so that different materials are sorted step by step for multiple times, the single sorting load is reduced, and the separation precision is improved;
(3) The method provides a series of method principles for separating the materials by fully utilizing the characteristic differences of various aspects such as material density, elasticity, inertia, friction, shape and the like, provides basis for the improvement and optimization of the traditional winnowing machine and guides the direction.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the second baffle cooperating with the first insulation roller in the present invention;
FIG. 3 isbase:Sub>A cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 2;
fig. 4 is a schematic top view of a second baffle of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the present invention in which the feed unit is omitted.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail with reference to the following examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
As shown in FIG. 1, the present invention relates to an integrated sorting device based on the difference in multiple characteristics of materials, including but not limited to friction, bounce, inertia characteristics.
The sorting apparatus includes:
the feeding unit is used for introducing materials to be sorted;
the feed unit is including locating pan feeding mouth 12 on sorting chamber 5 upper portion, the cooperation 5 outsides of sorting chamber of pan feeding mouth 12 are equipped with pan feeding belt 1, the cooperation be equipped with the first guide plate 2 that the downward sloping tended to sorting chamber 5 in the sorting chamber 5 of pan feeding mouth 12.
In the invention, the feeding belt 1 is used for lifting and feeding materials, the operation of the feeding belt 1 is conventional technology in the field, and a person skilled in the art can set the angle and the conveying speed of the feeding belt 1 based on requirements; generally, the feeding belt 1 is higher at one end near the feeding port 12 than at the other end.
In the invention, a first guide plate 2 is positioned in a sorting chamber 5 below a feeding port 12 and is used for guiding and spreading materials, so that the materials can smoothly and smoothly enter the sorting chamber 5 for subsequent sorting; the first guide plate 2 plays a role of buffering materials, so that the materials enter an air field at an initial falling stage, the falling speed of the materials in the vertical direction is reduced, the wind receiving time of primary winnowing materials is prolonged, meanwhile, the speed in the horizontal direction is increased by utilizing gravity sliding, the thickness of a material layer is reduced, the materials are uniformly distributed, the subsequent sorting is facilitated, the first air outlet 3 can be closer to the materials, the wind power utilization efficiency is improved, the feeding belt 1 and the first air outlet 3 below can be isolated, the accumulation of the materials caused by the fact that a belt conveyor sweeper falls on the first air outlet 3 after coming out of the soil is avoided, different descending speeds can be given to light and heavy materials, the light materials are large in contact area with the guide plate and large in friction coefficient, the sliding speed is lower, and the weights are opposite; the first guide plate 2 is obliquely arranged, namely obliquely and downwards arranged in the separation chamber 5 and faces the direction of the settling chamber 13; in actual operation, the discharge end department of pan feeding belt 1 is provided with the sweeper, and first guide plate 2 upper half is located the sweeper below, guarantees that the material of sweeping out also falls to first guide plate 2.
In the invention, the first guide plate 2 is generally designed to be wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant, for example, comprises a structural layer and a wear layer thereon, wherein the structural layer is made of a steel plate made of a common material, and the wear layer is made of a wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant steel plate or made of polyurethane or rubber, so that noise reduction and shock absorption are facilitated.
In the invention, further, a damping rubber block can be arranged at the joint of the first guide plate 2 and the installed rack and is used for damping and reducing noise; the rack here refers to the frame of the sorting chamber 5, which is fitted with at least a feed unit, a primary sorting unit, a pre-separation unit, a secondary sorting unit, a final sorting unit.
In the present invention, further, the first baffle 2 can adjust the inclination angle by means of mechanisms including, but not limited to, screws, jacks, etc. in order to adapt to different materials and adjust the operation parameters.
In the invention, further, in order to prevent the adhesion of the material and influence smooth downward movement, or in order to reduce the inclination angle of the first diversion plate 2 and prevent the accumulation of the material, a vibration mechanism, such as a flat vibrator, can be arranged in cooperation with the first diversion plate 2 to prevent the adhesion and accumulation of the wet and viscous material.
The primary sorting unit is used for separating a first light material in the materials to be sorted;
the primary sorting unit comprises a first air outlet 3 matched with the output end of the feeding unit, the first air outlet 3 is upwards inclined towards the settling chamber 13, and the output end of the first air outlet 3 is matched with the lower part of the first guide plate 2.
In the present invention, a fan (not shown) disposed outside the sorting chamber 5 provides winnowing power through the first outlet 3, which is easily understood by those skilled in the art.
In the invention, under the condition that the pre-separation unit comprises the first isolation roller 4, the air outlet direction of the first air outlet 3 is cut to or higher than the upper half part of the first isolation roller 4, and the air outlet direction of the first air outlet 3 is inclined towards the settling chamber 13 and is arranged below the first guide plate 2 in a matching way, namely, after the material is subjected to the air from the first air outlet 3 in the falling process of separating from the first guide plate 2, the first light material can be sorted out and bypasses the upper half part of the first isolation roller 4, or falls into the settling chamber 13 under the rotation auxiliary effect of the first isolation roller 4.
In the invention, more specifically, the first air outlet 3 is located below the feeding belt 1, the upper edge of the first air outlet 3 is tightly attached to the tail end of the first guide plate 2, the elevation angle of the first air outlet 3 can be generally set to 0 to 60 degrees, the air direction and the material running direction are in the same direction, that is, the included angle between the output air direction of the first air outlet 3 and the material output direction of the first guide plate 2 is an acute angle.
In the invention, the width of the first air outlet 3 is equal to or slightly smaller than that of the first guide plate 2.
And the pre-separation unit is used for pre-separating other light materials in the materials to be separated, from which the first light material is removed, endowing different materials with larger motion characteristic difference, increasing the motion characteristic (speed, direction, kinetic energy, momentum and the like) difference of the light materials and the heavy materials and facilitating subsequent separation.
The pre-separation unit comprises a first isolation roller 4 which is arranged at the output end of the primary separation unit in a matching way, and a second guide plate 6 is arranged on one side, facing the primary separation unit, of the first isolation roller 4; the output end of the first air outlet 3 faces the sorting chamber 5 between the first guide plate 2 and the first isolation roller 4.
The second baffle 6 slopes in the opposite direction to the first baffle 2, said second baffle 6 sloping downwards away from the settling chamber 13.
The second guide plate 6 is provided with a longitudinal rib 14 in a matching mode, the width of the rib 14 is smaller than or equal to that of the second guide plate 6, the length of the rib 14 is smaller than that of the second guide plate 6, and the top end of the rib 14 is matched with the first isolation roller 4.
As shown in fig. 2 to 4, in the present invention, the second deflector 6 is used for changing the original horizontal moving direction of the material to make the material flow reversely, so as to realize the opposite movement of the material and the wind, which is convenient for improving the winnowing effect; secondly, the longitudinal convex ridge 14 in the shape of a roof ridge collides with the materials for reflection, the elasticity difference of the light and heavy materials is utilized to enable part of the heavy materials to rebound and shift towards the two sides of the second guide plate 6 after being impacted, part of the heavy materials are far away from the second guide plate 6 in the rebound and rolling process, and the light materials are soft and have low descending speed, are not easy to rebound and shift after falling to the convex ridge 14 and slide down tightly to the second guide plate 6, so that the heavy materials are mainly concentrated on the upper layer of the materials and the two sides of the second guide plate 6, and the light materials are concentrated between the lower layer of the materials and the second guide plate 6, and the primary separation of the light and heavy materials is realized; thirdly, as the heavy objects rebound, roll or slide with smaller friction resistance, the descending speed is high, the light objects slide tightly against the second guide plate 6, the friction resistance is high, the descending speed is low, the difference of the inertia of the two materials is further increased due to the speed difference of the light and heavy materials, and the subsequent air separation is utilized; and the light materials can be endowed with different descending speeds, the light materials are slower in moving speed and longer in wind receiving time, and the heavy materials are opposite, so that the acting time of the light materials subjected to the flow field drag force is prolonged, even if the light materials subjected to the same flow field drag force in the same wind receiving area are subjected to different impulse quantities due to different wind receiving times, the impulse quantities of the light materials are larger, and the momentum change of the light materials is correspondingly larger according to the momentum theorem, so that the light materials and the heavy materials are more obviously separated.
In the invention, the rib 14 longitudinally arranged on the second guide plate 6 is in a ridge shape, the included angle in the rib 14 is 140 to 170 degrees, vertical plates (eaves) can be arranged at the edges of two sides of the second guide plate 6 to prevent heavy materials from rolling out or splashing if necessary, and the included angle between the vertical plates and the second guide plate 6 is an obtuse angle to prevent the materials from being blocked. The lower edge of the rib 14 is connected and transited with the second guide plate 6 below, so that materials are prevented from being excessively dispersed and gathered on two sides of the second guide plate 6.
In the invention, the lower edge of the second guide plate 6 and the lower edge of the first guide plate 2 are approximately positioned on the same vertical line; the inclination direction of the second air deflector 6 is opposite to that of the first air deflector 2, and generally, the included angle between the output ends of the first air deflector 2 and the second air deflector 6 is 90 to 130 °.
In the invention, like the first guide plate 2, the second guide plate 6 also adopts a wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant design and comprises a structural layer and a wear layer thereon, wherein the structural layer adopts a steel plate made of a common material, the wear layer adopts a wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant steel plate, or adopts polyurethane or rubber as the wear layer, so that noise reduction and shock absorption are facilitated; a damping rubber block can be arranged at the joint of the second guide plate 6 and the installed frame and is used for damping and reducing noise; the second guide plate 6 can also adjust the inclination angle through mechanisms including but not limited to a screw rod, a jack and the like so as to adapt to different materials and adjust the operation parameters; in order to prevent the adhesion of the materials and influence smooth descending, a vibration mechanism such as a flat vibrator can be arranged by matching with the second guide plate 6 to prevent the adhesion and accumulation of the wet and sticky materials.
The secondary sorting units are used for separating second light materials from other light materials and enriching third light materials;
the secondary sorting unit comprises a plurality of second air outlets 7 arranged along the vertical direction, and any one of the second air outlets 7 is arranged towards the settling chamber 13; the output end of any one second air outlet 7 and the output end of the second guide plate 6 are arranged at an angle, and the output end of the second air outlet 7 faces the sorting chamber 5 between the second guide plate 6 and the final-stage sorting unit.
In the present invention, a fan for blowing air out of the second air outlet 7 is disposed outside the sorting chamber 5 to provide air separation power, which is a content that is easily understood by those skilled in the art.
In the invention, the second air outlet 7 is positioned at the lower edge of the second guide plate 6, the extension line of the upper edge of the second air outlet 7 is positioned below the lower edge of the second guide plate 6, the output end of the second air outlet 7 and the output end of the second guide plate 6 are arranged at an angle, generally speaking, the second air outlet acts on the materials below the output end of the second guide plate 6 by about 90 degrees to perform secondary separation.
In the invention, the number of the second air outlets 7 can be multiple, when the material is more and the falling distance of the second guide plate 6 is longer, the falling material basically conforms to a parabola, so the output ends of the second air outlets 7 also basically match with a parabola.
A final stage sorting unit for final separation of the third light material;
the final-stage sorting unit comprises a third air outlet 8 and a second isolation roller 9 which are matched with the secondary sorting unit, the third air outlet 8 is arranged in an upward inclined manner towards a settling chamber 13, and the output end of the third air outlet 8 faces towards a sorting chamber 5 between a second flow guide plate 6 and the second isolation roller 9; and a position adjusting mechanism for adjusting the position of the second isolation roller 9 is arranged in cooperation with the second isolation roller 9.
In the present invention, a fan for providing the third air outlet 8 with air separation power is provided outside the separation chamber 5, which is easily understood by those skilled in the art.
In the invention, the vertical height difference exists between the upper edge of the third air outlet 8 and the lower edge of the second guide plate 6, and the vertical distance exists between the extension line of the upper edge of the third air outlet 8 and the second guide plate 6.
In the invention, the wind direction of the third air outlet 8 is opposite to the running direction of the materials, namely, the included angle between the output direction of the third air outlet 8 and the output direction of the second guide plate 6 is more than 90 degrees.
In the invention, in order to ensure the separation effect of light and heavy materials, a first isolation roller 4 and a second isolation roller 9 are arranged, the difference of collision and friction of different materials on the rollers is utilized, the light materials are easy to adhere to the rollers, the heavy materials are easy to bounce and separate from the rollers, the adhesion friction effect with the rollers is weak, the light materials are not easy to move along with the rollers, the steering direction of the isolation rollers is consistent with the airflow blowing direction of an air outlet, and the effects of assisting the light materials to enter a settling chamber 13, preventing the light strip-shaped materials from being suspended, avoiding the materials from accumulating and blocking and preventing the separated light materials from entering a sorting chamber 5 due to the whirling and back mixing of wind power are achieved in the rotating process of the isolation rollers.
In the invention, the width of the second air outlet 7 is equal to or slightly smaller than that of the second guide plate 6, and the width of the third air outlet 8 is equal to or slightly smaller than that of the second guide plate 6, so that different light materials are separated through different wind speeds, and the wind selection air quantity is reduced on the premise of ensuring the wind selection effect.
In the invention, in actual operation, a sliding rail and an adjusting screw rod can be arranged on a support of the second isolation roller 9, and the roller can move to adjust the position, so that the operation parameters can be conveniently adjusted according to the material condition, the application range of equipment is expanded, and the winnowing effect is improved; this is readily understood by those skilled in the art, and those skilled in the art can continue to set themselves as desired, not shown.
The output unit is used for respectively outputting the heavy materials and all the light materials;
the equipment further comprises a separation chamber 5 and a settling chamber 13 which are communicated in space and are arranged in a matched mode, wherein the separation chamber 5 is arranged in a matched mode with the feeding unit, the primary separation unit, the pre-separation unit, the secondary separation unit and the final separation unit, and the settling chamber 13 is arranged on the side of the separation chamber 5 in a matched mode;
the output unit comprises a first output belt 10 positioned below the settling chamber 13 and used for outputting light materials; the output unit also comprises a second output belt 11 which is arranged below the sorting chamber 5 in a matched manner and is used for outputting heavy materials; the first output belt 10 and the second output belt 11 are perpendicular.
The feeding unit, the primary sorting unit, the secondary sorting unit, the final sorting unit and the output unit are sequentially arranged from top to bottom.
In the invention, a first output belt 10 and a second output belt 11 are respectively used for collecting and transporting separated light and heavy materials; the operation of the first output belt 10 and the second output belt 11 is conventional in the art, and those skilled in the art can set the inclination angles and the conveying speeds of the first output belt 10 and the second output belt 11 based on the requirements.
In the invention, generally speaking, a first output belt 10 and a second output belt 11 are arranged vertically in an L shape, wherein the first output belt 10 for collecting and conveying light materials is arranged in the same direction as the wind direction of the feeding belt 1 and all wind outlets, the second output belt 11 for collecting and conveying heavy materials is arranged vertically to the first output belt 10, the intersection gap between the first output belt 10 and the heavy materials is located below the second isolation roller 9, and both the first output belt 10 and the second output belt 11 can be arranged horizontally or obliquely based on requirements.
In the invention, the second output belt 11 is higher than the first output belt 10, a receiving hopper is arranged by matching with the second output belt 11, the receiving hopper is made of impact-resistant and wear-resistant materials for buffering the impact of heavy objects, reducing vibration and noise and prolonging the service life, and a flexible lining layer such as polyurethane or rubber can be added if necessary.
In the invention, the settling chamber 13 is used for collecting the separated light substances, settling the light substances and collecting the light substances to the second output belt 11; the feeding unit, the primary sorting unit, the pre-separation unit, the secondary sorting unit and the final sorting unit are sequentially arranged in the sorting chamber 5 from top to bottom, namely the sorting chamber 5 provides a sorting space, a first guide plate 2, a first air outlet 3, a plurality of second air outlets 7 and a third air outlet 8 are arranged on one side, far away from the settling chamber 13, of the sorting chamber 5 from top to bottom, and a first isolation roller 4, a second guide plate 6 and a second isolation roller 9 are arranged on one side, close to the settling chamber 13, of the sorting chamber 5 from top to bottom; generally, the separation chamber 5 is closed except for specially arranged openings to ensure that the polluted gas does not overflow, and a gas overflow-preventing shielding edge, such as a flexible sealing skirt edge, is arranged at the position of the feeding port 12 and/or the discharging port of the separation chamber 5 to prevent the gas from escaping from the openings.
In the invention, 3 to 6 descending-aid partition plates are arranged at the top of the inner side of a settling chamber 13, and 1 to 2 air return openings are arranged in the middle positions of adjacent partition plates to ensure the falling of a light material; and a flexible barrier curtain can be optionally arranged in the sorting chamber 5 to prevent the heavy objects from bouncing too high to damage parts such as an air outlet and the like in the sorting chamber 5.
In the invention, 3 fans are respectively connected with 3 air outlets, or 1 fan is connected with 2 to 3 air outlets, and the air inlet of the fan is connected with a common air return inlet through an air return pipeline to form a closed loop, so that the air return phenomenon in the air box is weakened, the light material back-mixing phenomenon is reduced, the dissipation of polluted gas is prevented, and the odor pollution is reduced; a filter screen can be arranged at the air return window to prevent light substances from entering a pipeline and then entering a fan; each air outlet can be also provided with an adjusting valve for adjusting air quantity, when two or more fans are selected, the fans with the same type are preferably selected, and the fans are controlled by frequency conversion; all the matters are easily understood by those skilled in the art, and the design and arrangement can be designed and set by those skilled in the art based on the needs.
The invention also relates to an application of the comprehensive sorting equipment based on the material multi-characteristic difference, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: after being lifted and conveyed by the feeding unit, the materials to be sorted slide downwards, the thickness of the material layer is reduced and the materials are uniformly distributed, the resistance of the light materials is larger, and the sliding speed is lower than that of the heavy materials;
step 2: the materials enter a flow field of the primary separation unit immediately after being separated from the feeding unit, the motion state change of the light materials is larger than that of the heavy materials, the first light materials are dragged by the flow field and cross the first isolation roller 4 or enter the settling chamber 13 under the rotation assistance of the first isolation roller, and primary air separation is realized;
and step 3: the rest materials continuously fall to collide with the pre-separation unit, heavy materials are enriched on the upper layer and two sides of the materials through the rebound effect, light materials are concentrated on the lower layer and the middle of the materials, the pre-separation of the light materials and the heavy materials is realized, and the difference of the motion characteristics of the light materials and the heavy materials is increased based on the friction coefficient and the elasticity difference;
and 4, step 4: the materials continue to descend, enter the flow field of the secondary separation unit after being separated from the pre-separation unit, are subjected to the action of wind power, the light materials are transferred to further tend to the lower layer of the materials, the heavy materials are opposite, the second light materials are separated from the heavy materials, secondary winnowing separation is realized, and meanwhile, the third light materials are transferred and enriched to the lower layer of the materials;
and 5: the materials continuously descend and enter a flow field of a final-stage sorting unit, and under the action of reverse wind, the third light materials which are preliminarily layered and enriched are finally and completely separated from the heavy materials, so that final-stage winnowing separation is realized;
and 6: the completely separated second and third light materials are dragged by wind power to pass through the second isolation roller or enter the settling chamber under the assistance of the rotation of the second isolation roller, and gradually settle at the output unit at the bottom of the settling chamber 13, the heavy materials fall at the output unit at the bottom of the separation chamber 5, and finally the separated materials are respectively collected and transported.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
the materials to be sorted fall to the first guide plate 2 after entering the material belt 1 to be lifted and conveyed, and slide down along the first guide plate 2 under the action of gravity, so that the thickness of the material layer is reduced and the materials are uniformly distributed, the light materials have larger resistance and lower sliding speed due to large contact area and larger friction coefficient with the first guide plate 2, and the heavy materials are opposite, and the light materials and the heavy materials are endowed with different movement speeds through the first guide plate 2, thereby being beneficial to subsequent winnowing;
the material is separated from the first guide plate 2 and instantly subjected to first air outletThe wind power of the port 3 enters a flow field of the first air outlet 3, the speed of the material in the vertical direction is low, the time of the material passing through the flow field is long, winnowing is facilitated, the distance between the air port of the first air outlet 3 and the material is short, and the utilization efficiency of the wind field is high; in addition, the light material has large contact area with the guide plate, large friction coefficient, low sliding speed and opposite heavy objects, the light material separated from the guide plate has slow movement speed and long wind receiving time, and the heavy objects are opposite (the light and heavy materials of the common winnowing machine have the same initial falling speed and the same wind receiving time), so that the dragging action time of the light material by the flow field is prolonged, and even the light and heavy materials with the same wind receiving area and the same flow field dragging force have different wind receiving time according to impulse formula I = Ft and momentum theorem mv-mv 0 = Ft, the impulse received by the light weight is larger, the momentum change of the light weight is correspondingly larger, and therefore the separation of light and heavy materials is more remarkable; the separated light objects are dragged to a longer distance by the flow field and pass through the first isolation roller 4 or enter the settling chamber 13 under the assistance of the rotating first isolation roller 4, so that primary air separation is realized;
the remaining heavy materials fall to the convex edge 14 of the second guide plate 6, because the convex edge 14 is in a longitudinal ridge shape, part of the heavy materials such as stones and bricks rebound and shift to the two sides of the second guide plate 6 after being impacted, part of the heavy materials are far away from the second guide plate 6 in the rebound rolling process, and the light materials are soft and have a slow descending speed, so the heavy materials are not easy to rebound and shift after falling to the convex edge 14 and slide down along the second guide plate 6, the heavy materials are mainly concentrated on the upper layer of the materials and the two sides of the second guide plate 6, and the light materials are concentrated on the lower layer of the materials and the middle of the second guide plate 6, so the pre-separation of the light materials and the heavy materials is realized; in addition, the light materials have large contact area with the guide plate, long contact time, large friction coefficient and small sliding speed due to the large contact area with the guide plate, small mass and small inertia of the light materials, and the heavy materials have opposite contact area and small friction coefficient, so that the contact time is short due to rebound and rolling action, the downward movement speed is high, the mass is large, the inertia of the heavy materials is large, and the movement state of the heavy materials is difficult to change subsequently, so that the movement characteristic difference of the light materials is increased, and the subsequent sorting is facilitated;
the materials are separated from the second guide plate 6 downwards continuously and then are acted by the wind power of the second air outlet 7, the second air outlet 7 is bent downwards generally, the wind direction is approximately perpendicular to the movement direction of the materials, the light and heavy materials are under the action of the wind power, the light materials are slow in movement speed, long in wind receiving time and large in wind power, the light materials gradually move to the lower layer of the materials and change the movement direction, the heavy materials move to the upper layer of the materials, the second light materials and the heavy materials are separated, secondary winnowing separation is achieved, and the remaining light materials are transferred to the lower layer of the materials to be enriched so as to be convenient for subsequent further separation.
The materials separated from the guide plate continuously descend and are acted by the wind power of the third air outlet 8, and the third air outlet 8 tilts upwards, so that the wind and the materials move oppositely (the included angle is an obtuse angle), the wind stroke and the time of the materials are prolonged, the third light and heavy materials which are preliminarily layered and enriched are finally and completely separated under the action of the wind power, and the final-stage separation is finished; the heavy objects rebound, the friction resistance on rolling or sliding is small, so the descending speed is large, the inertia is large, the light objects cling to the second guide plate 6 to slide, the friction resistance is large, the descending speed is small, the inertia is small, the wind at the third air outlet 8 moves opposite to the materials, the light objects with small inertia can change the motion state more easily and are separated, on the other hand, the light objects are slow in motion speed, the wind receiving time is long, the heavy objects are opposite, so the dragging action time of the light objects by the flow field is prolonged, even the light and heavy objects with the same wind receiving area and the same flow field drag force are subjected to different impulse because of different wind receiving time, the impulse received by the light objects is larger, and the momentum change of the light objects is correspondingly larger according to the momentum theorem, so the light and heavy objects are separated more obviously.
Under the action, the light objects are dragged to a longer distance and enter the settling chamber 13 through the second isolation roller 9 or under the assistance of the rotating second isolation roller 9, the light objects gradually settle after entering the settling chamber 13 and are collected and transferred by the first output belt 10, and the heavy objects fall and are collected and transferred by the second output belt 11.
As shown in fig. 5, for an implementation structure of the present invention, those skilled in the art can utilize the material characteristic difference and try to increase the material motion characteristic difference through reasonable and novel structural design based on the requirement, including but not limited to raising the output end of the first output belt 10, adjusting the specific orientation of the air ports 3,7,8, etc., and then use the difference to complete the sorting operation, so as to realize efficient and high-quality separation of light and heavy materials.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a synthesize sorting facilities based on many characteristic differences of material which characterized in that: the sorting apparatus includes:
the feeding unit is used for introducing materials to be sorted;
the primary sorting unit is used for separating a first light material in the materials to be sorted;
the pre-separation unit is used for pre-separating other light materials in the materials to be separated from which the first light material is removed;
the secondary sorting units are used for separating second light materials from other light materials and enriching third light materials;
a final stage sorting unit for final separation of the third light material;
the output unit is used for respectively outputting the heavy materials and all the light materials;
the equipment also comprises a separation chamber and a settling chamber which are communicated in space and are arranged in a matching way, wherein the separation chamber is arranged in a matching way with the feeding unit, the primary separation unit, the pre-separation unit, the secondary separation unit and the final separation unit, and the settling chamber is arranged in the side of the separation chamber in a matching way;
the feeding unit, the primary sorting unit, the pre-separation unit, the secondary sorting unit, the final sorting unit and the output unit are sequentially arranged from top to bottom.
2. The comprehensive separation equipment based on the material multi-characteristic difference as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the feeding unit is including locating the pan feeding mouth on sorting chamber upper portion, the cooperation the sorting chamber outside of pan feeding mouth is equipped with the pan feeding belt, the cooperation be equipped with the first guide plate that the downward sloping tended to the sorting chamber in the sorting chamber of pan feeding mouth.
3. The comprehensive separation equipment based on the multi-characteristic difference of the materials as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: the primary sorting unit comprises a first air outlet which is matched with the output end of the feeding unit, the first air outlet is arranged in an upward inclined mode towards the settling chamber, and the output end of the first air outlet is matched with the lower portion of the first guide plate.
4. The comprehensive separation equipment based on the material multi-feature difference as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the pre-separation unit comprises a first isolation roller matched with the output end of the primary separation unit, and a second guide plate is arranged on one side, facing the primary separation unit, of the first isolation roller; the output end of the first air outlet faces the sorting chamber between the first guide plate and the first isolation roller.
5. The comprehensive separation equipment based on the multi-characteristic difference of the materials as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: the inclination direction of the second guide plate is opposite to that of the first guide plate, and the second guide plate inclines downwards to depart from the settling chamber.
6. The comprehensive separation equipment based on the multi-characteristic difference of the materials as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: the second guide plate is provided with a longitudinal rib in a matching mode, the width of the rib is smaller than or equal to that of the second guide plate, the length of the rib is smaller than that of the second guide plate, and the top end of the rib is matched with the first isolation roller.
7. The comprehensive separation equipment based on the multi-characteristic difference of the materials as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: the secondary sorting unit comprises a plurality of second air outlets arranged along the vertical direction, and any second air outlet faces the settling chamber; the output end of any one second air outlet and the output end of the second guide plate are arranged at an angle, and the output end of the second air outlet faces the second guide plate and the sorting chamber between the last-stage sorting units.
8. The comprehensive sorting equipment based on the material multi-feature difference as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the last-stage sorting unit comprises a third air outlet and a second isolation roller, the third air outlet and the second isolation roller are matched with the secondary sorting unit, the third air outlet is upwards inclined to the settling chamber, and the output end of the third air outlet faces the sorting chamber between the second guide plate and the second isolation roller; and a position adjusting mechanism for adjusting the position of the second isolation roller is arranged in cooperation with the second isolation roller.
9. The comprehensive separation equipment based on the material multi-feature difference as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the output unit comprises a first output belt positioned below the settling chamber and used for outputting the light materials; the output unit also comprises a second output belt which is arranged below the sorting chamber in a matched manner and is used for outputting heavy materials; the first output belt and the second output belt are vertical.
10. Use of the comprehensive separation equipment based on the material multi-characteristic difference as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the comprehensive separation equipment comprises: the application comprises the following steps:
step 1: the materials to be sorted slide downwards after being lifted and conveyed by the feeding unit, the thickness of the material layer is reduced and the materials are uniformly distributed, the resistance of the light materials is larger, and the sliding speed is lower than that of the heavy materials;
and 2, step: the materials are separated from the feeding unit and then immediately enter a flow field of the primary separation unit, the motion state change of the light materials is larger than that of the heavy materials, the first light materials are dragged by the flow field and cross the first isolation roller or enter a settling chamber under the rotation assistance of the first isolation roller, and primary air separation is realized;
and 3, step 3: the residual materials continuously fall to collide with the pre-separation unit, heavy materials are enriched on the upper layer and two sides of the materials through the rebound effect, light materials are concentrated on the lower layer and the middle of the materials, the pre-separation of the light materials and the heavy materials is realized, and the motion characteristic difference of the light materials and the heavy materials is increased based on the friction coefficient and the elasticity difference;
and 4, step 4: the materials continuously descend, enter a flow field of a secondary sorting unit after being separated from the pre-separation unit, are subjected to the action of wind power, and are transferred to further tend to a material lower layer;
and 5: the materials continuously descend and enter a flow field of a final-stage sorting unit, and under the action of reverse wind, the third light materials which are preliminarily layered and enriched are finally and completely separated from the heavy materials, so that final-stage winnowing separation is realized;
step 6: the second and third light materials which are completely separated are dragged by wind power to pass through the second isolation roller or enter the settling chamber under the assistance of the rotation of the second isolation roller, and gradually settle at the output unit at the bottom of the settling chamber, the heavy materials fall at the output unit at the bottom of the separation chamber, and finally the separated materials are respectively collected and transported.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211341199.5A CN115591774A (en) | 2022-10-31 | 2022-10-31 | Comprehensive sorting equipment based on multi-characteristic difference of materials and application thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211341199.5A CN115591774A (en) | 2022-10-31 | 2022-10-31 | Comprehensive sorting equipment based on multi-characteristic difference of materials and application thereof |
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| CN115591774A true CN115591774A (en) | 2023-01-13 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211341199.5A Pending CN115591774A (en) | 2022-10-31 | 2022-10-31 | Comprehensive sorting equipment based on multi-characteristic difference of materials and application thereof |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116944047A (en) * | 2023-09-05 | 2023-10-27 | 埃维恩(上海)机械有限公司 | Device of high-efficient separation light and heavy mixed material of fast-assembling formula |
-
2022
- 2022-10-31 CN CN202211341199.5A patent/CN115591774A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116944047A (en) * | 2023-09-05 | 2023-10-27 | 埃维恩(上海)机械有限公司 | Device of high-efficient separation light and heavy mixed material of fast-assembling formula |
| CN116944047B (en) * | 2023-09-05 | 2025-12-12 | 埃维恩(上海)机械有限公司 | A quick-assembly, high-efficiency device for separating light and heavy mixtures. |
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