CN115572836B - Smelting process of mixed high-carbon low-iron alkaline converter - Google Patents
Smelting process of mixed high-carbon low-iron alkaline converter Download PDFInfo
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- CN115572836B CN115572836B CN202211141055.5A CN202211141055A CN115572836B CN 115572836 B CN115572836 B CN 115572836B CN 202211141055 A CN202211141055 A CN 202211141055A CN 115572836 B CN115572836 B CN 115572836B
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- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 118
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 92
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 48
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 11
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 120
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 34
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000004200 deflagration Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 5
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- JIPVOQGLKKIWMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cu].[Zn].[Pb].[Sn].[Fe] Chemical compound [Cu].[Zn].[Pb].[Sn].[Fe] JIPVOQGLKKIWMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011365 complex material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009527 percussion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010963 304 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000589 SAE 304 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241001062472 Stokellia anisodon Species 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UTYIBAVCADPQIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Pb].[Zn].[Sn].[Cu] Chemical compound [Pb].[Zn].[Sn].[Cu] UTYIBAVCADPQIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010791 domestic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011094 fiberboard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010285 flame spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 gold-silver-copper-tin-lead Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002920 hazardous waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000464 lead oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PIJPYDMVFNTHIP-UHFFFAOYSA-L lead sulfate Chemical compound [PbH4+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PIJPYDMVFNTHIP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- JQJCSZOEVBFDKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead zinc Chemical compound [Zn].[Pb] JQJCSZOEVBFDKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolead Chemical compound [Pb]=O YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B13/00—Obtaining lead
- C22B13/02—Obtaining lead by dry processes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a mixed high-carbon low-iron alkaline converter smelting process, which is characterized in that smelting formulas are respectively arranged for materials to be smelted according to material characteristics, the mixed materials adopt high-proportion coke particles, low-proportion scrap iron and sodium carbonate alkaline high-temperature smelting processes, the reduction recovery rate of lead, antimony and tin is improved, controllable orderly combustion of combustible substances in the furnace is realized by adopting an initial intermittent type and later continuous type rotary kiln mode, and the separation of liquid lead and slag is facilitated by adopting a mode of hanging slag type small hole lead discharge and high-temperature smelting and large hole slag discharge after high-temperature smelting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal smelting, in particular to a mixed high-carbon low-iron alkaline converter smelting process.
Background
80% of the lead in China is used for lead-acid storage batteries, the amount of waste lead-acid storage batteries generated each year is millions of tons, and the regeneration of part of lead resources becomes a necessary path for sustainable development of lead smelting in China.
In recent years, the regenerated lead industry in China has remarkably progressed, an independent industry is formed initially, and a plurality of scientific research institutes and enterprises in China are used for researching a plurality of novel smelting processes aiming at the problems of low recovery rate, lag in installation, high cost and high difficulty in treating low-concentration SO2 in the lead plaster smelting of the domestic waste lead-acid storage battery.
Chinese patent CN201810527784.1 discloses a method for recovering iron-containing and/or zinc-lead-copper-tin-containing materials and molten steel slag by co-processing, wherein pellets and granules made of waste materials such as iron-zinc-lead-copper-tin-containing materials, lump materials such as iron-zinc-lead-copper-tin-containing materials and high-temperature molten steel slag are added into a reduction volatilization smelting furnace, the obtained molten iron is discharged from a tap hole of the reduction volatilization smelting furnace through blast, fuel such as coal gangue and flux materials such as high silicon and high aluminum, high-temperature reduction and volatilization treatment is carried out, volatilized zinc-lead and other substances are sucked into a dust collector together with flue gas to be collected and utilized, enriched metals such as gold-silver-copper-tin-lead are discharged from a bottom discharge hole of the reduction volatilization smelting furnace to be recovered, slag is discharged from a slag hole, and formed slag or slag is returned to the converter for recycling. The method has the advantages that the method is used for cooperatively and continuously treating, separating and recovering useful metals from waste materials such as iron, zinc, lead, copper and tin, molten steel slag, gangue waste slag and the like, and has remarkable energy-saving and environment-friendly social and economic benefits.
However, the traditional smelting process is difficult to smelt flocculent lead powder, lead grid foam, electrolytic refining high-antimony slag, antimony slag removal, low-temperature slag and other complex mixed materials, the yield is low, the waste slag contains high lead, the recovery of tin is not considered, the recovery efficiency is low, the quality of the produced reduced lead is poor, the mixed materials have combustible plastics, serious deflagration is easy to occur, and the risk of bag burning and the like is easy to be caused by sparks.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a mixed high-carbon low-iron alkaline converter smelting process, adopts an initial intermittent type and a later continuous type rotary kiln mode, effectively prevents deflagration, realizes controllable ordered combustion of combustible matters in the furnace, adopts a mode of hanging slag type small hole lead discharge and high-temperature smelting and then large hole slag discharge, is beneficial to separating liquid lead from slag, sets smelting formulas for different types of materials to be smelted according to material characteristics, calculates the smelting formulas of the furnace according to the material feeding amount, adopts high-proportion coke particles, low-proportion scrap iron and sodium carbonate alkaline high-temperature smelting process for the mixed materials, is beneficial to lead, antimony and tin reduction, improves the recovery rate, overcomes the problems of difficult smelting, long time consumption, large smoke, easy deflagration and the like of various types of backlog materials, improves the yield and quality of reduced lead, reduces the lead content and lead content reduction, reduces smelting safety and solves the technical problems existing in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the mixed high-carbon low-iron alkaline converter smelting process comprises the following steps:
(1) And (3) batching: measuring the batch weight of each material to be smelted, and then adding rice coke, scrap iron and sodium carbonate according to the mass ratio of the materials, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed material;
(2) Feeding: adding the mixed material obtained in the step (1) into a converter;
(3) Intermittent slow spin melting lead: after the step (2) is completed, the furnace door is closed and the small fire is opened (the fuel gas is less than or equal to 35 Nm) 3 And/h), closing a smoke gate after the furnace, rotating the furnace body for 10-30 degrees every 5-15min, smelting for 1-2h, observing whether the furnace is in an outward fire or not, and stopping rotating in time if the furnace is in the outward fire or the smoke;
(4) Continuous fast-spin melting lead: after the step (3) is finished (no outward flame and smoke are generated in the furnace), gradually regulating the fire (30-180 Nm of fuel gas) 3 And/h), continuously rotating the furnace body at a speed of 1-3 revolutions per minute, regulating a flue gas flashboard behind the furnace while ensuring micro negative pressure in the furnace, paying attention to the temperature behind the furnace, and smelting for 3-4 hours;
(5) And (3) lead is discharged from a slag suspending type small hole: after the step (4) is completed, the fire is turned off (gas 70 Nm) 3 Rotating the furnace body to the position from the lead discharging port to the horizontal position, drilling a small hole of 30-50mm from the lead discharging port, moving the lead ladle to the position right below the furnace body, rotating the small hole from the furnace body to the lead discharging port to face the lead ladle, discharging lead, keeping the vertical flow direction of lead liquid to the lead ladle, and rotating the furnace body to the position from the lead discharging port to the horizontal position after the lead discharging is completed, and plugging the small hole by using slag blocking mud;
(6) Smelting slag: after the step (5) is completed, firing (the fuel gas is more than or equal to 180 Nm) 3 And/h), continuously rotating the furnace at a speed of 1-3 revolutions per minuteSmelting for 0.5-1h, and when the temperature reaches 800 ℃ (950-1050 ℃ in the furnace), starting to discharge slag;
(7) And (3) discharging slag from a large hole: after the completion of the step (6), the fire was turned off (gas 70 Nm) 3 And (h), rotating the furnace body until the lead discharging port reaches the horizontal position, drilling a large hole of 80-100mm from the lead discharging port, moving the slag ladle to the position right below the furnace body, rotating the furnace body until the large hole of the lead discharging port is opposite to the slag ladle, discharging slag, keeping the slag flow vertically to the slag ladle, after the slag discharging is finished, rotating the converter body until the lead discharging port reaches the horizontal position, and plugging the large hole by using slag plugging mud after residues are cleaned.
Preferably, in the step (2), a vibrating feeder is adopted for feeding, the vibrating feeder is opened to be opposite to a furnace mouth and stretches into the furnace mouth for 0.8-1m, a forklift is used for feeding the mixed material into a storage bin of the vibrating feeder, the vibrating feeder is started for vibrating the mixed material into a furnace, the feeding amount of the mixed material is metered by the vibrating feeder, when the feeding amount in a furnace body is 2/3, the furnace body is rotated for 10-15 degrees and then is continuously fed, and the feeding amount of a single furnace is 20-25t.
Preferably, in step (4), lead placement is initiated when the post-furnace temperature reaches 700 ℃ (850-950 ℃ in the furnace).
Preferably, in step (5), lead is discharged until no stranded lead is poured out or when obvious black slag is poured out, the lead discharge is stopped.
Preferably, in the step (5) or (7), the slag blocking mud is prepared by soaking high-alumina refractory mud with the mass ratio of 30% and yellow mud with the mass ratio of 70% into viscous mud to prepare small brick mud with the mass ratio of 80-100mm.
Preferably, in the step (1), the mixture material adopts high-proportion coke particles, low-proportion scrap iron and sodium carbonate: when multiple materials are mixed (compared with single material), the proportion of the rice coke is adjusted up by 1-2%, the proportion of the scrap iron is adjusted down by 1-2%, and the sodium carbonate is not more than 1%.
Preferably, according to the components and characteristics of each material to be smelted, smelting formulas are respectively set as follows, and according to the charging amount, the smelting formulas in the furnace are calculated:
the invention also provides a smelting converter comprising: the furnace body comprises a furnace wall; further comprises: and the liquid slag discharge port structure is arranged on the circumference of the furnace wall, and lead liquid and lead slag are discharged through the liquid slag discharge port structure in sequence.
Preferably, the converter has a horizontal cylindrical converter structure.
Preferably, the liquid slag discharging structure includes: the through holes are formed in the circumference of the furnace wall; the brick body is installed in the through hole in a blocking manner; drilling small holes penetrating into a hearth of the furnace body during lead liquid discharge, and discharging the lead liquid from the small holes; and when lead slag is discharged, the whole brick body is knocked off and the through hole is exposed, and the lead slag is discharged from the through hole.
Preferably, the aperture of the small hole is 30-50mm, and the aperture of the through hole is 80-100mm.
Preferably, the brick body comprises: the inner bricks and the outer bricks are arranged from inside to outside, the inner bricks are close to the hearth of the furnace body, and the outer bricks are close to the outer wall of the furnace body.
Preferably, the inner bricks are straight bricks, and the outer bricks are T-shaped bricks.
Preferably, the furnace wall comprises: the inner brick is installed in the through hole formed in the magnesia-chrome brick layer, and the outer brick is installed in the through hole formed in the high-alumina brick layer.
Preferably, the furnace wall further comprises: and the reflecting heat insulation plate is arranged outside the high-alumina brick layer.
Preferably, gaps among the magnesia chrome bricks in the magnesia chrome brick layer and gaps among the high-alumina bricks in the high-alumina brick layer are arranged in a staggered manner.
Preferably, the furnace body further includes: the end walls are plugged at the left end and the right end of the furnace wall; the feeding port is formed in the end wall at the left end; and the smoke outlet is arranged on the end wall at the right end.
Preferably, the feeding hole is in a round hole structure built by adopting castable, and the castable adopts kiln mouth chrome corundum castable Al 2 O 3 +Cr 2 O 3 ≥95%,SiO 2 Less than or equal to 0.5 percent, the density is 3.0g/cm < 3 >, and the highest temperature is 1800 ℃.
Preferably, the end wall is built by adopting casting materials, and the casting materials adopt corundum high-strength anti-seepage casting material Al 2 O 3 +Cr 2 O 3 ≥95%,SiO 2 Less than or equal to 0.5 percent, the density is 3.0g/cm < 3 >, the highest temperature is 1800 ℃, a T-shaped hanging angle is arranged at the end part of the end wall, and the magnesia chrome brick support at the end part of the furnace wall is hung on the T-shaped hanging angle.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) According to the invention, through adopting an initial intermittent type and a later continuous type rotary kiln, deflagration is effectively prevented, controllable ordered combustion of combustible matters in the kiln is realized, and a mode of lead discharge through suspended slag type small holes and slag discharge through large holes after high-temperature smelting is adopted, so that separation of liquid lead and slag is facilitated;
(2) According to the invention, the materials to be smelted are classified into tin, antimony and antimony-free tin according to the physical properties of the metals, and then similar multiple materials are intensively mixed and smelted, so that different products are produced by comprehensive utilization, smelting formulas are respectively arranged for lead slag, flocculent lead powder, old refining slag, electrolytic refining slag, lead grid foam and low-temperature slag according to the characteristics of the materials, when-furnace smelting formulas are calculated according to the feeding amount, and the mixed materials adopt high-proportion coke particles, low-proportion scrap iron and sodium carbonate alkaline high-temperature smelting technology, thereby being beneficial to lead, antimony and tin reduction, reducing loss and improving recovery rate;
(3) The invention can treat flocculent lead powder, lead grid foam, low-temperature smelting slag, electrolytic refining high-antimony slag, antimony slag removal and other complex materials, solves the problems of difficult smelting, long time consumption, large smoke, easy deflagration and the like of various complex backlog materials, improves the hazardous waste treatment capacity, reduces the yield and quality of lead, has no black slag on the surface of the lead, reduces the lead content of the slag and the reduction lead slag rate, and reduces the smelting safety risk.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front cross-sectional view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of FIG. 2 at A;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the liquid slag discharging outlet in the lead slag discharging state in the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of the liquid slag discharging opening in the state of discharging lead liquid;
FIG. 6 is a side cross-sectional view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of FIG. 6 at B;
fig. 8 is an enlarged view at C in fig. 2.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more, unless explicitly defined otherwise.
Example 1
The mixed high-carbon low-iron alkaline converter smelting process, as shown in fig. 1, comprises the following steps:
(1) And (3) batching: measuring the batch weight of each material to be smelted, then adding rice coke, scrap iron and sodium carbonate according to the mass ratio of the materials, and uniformly mixing by a forklift cone stacking method to obtain a mixed material;
in the embodiment, according to the physical properties of metal, the materials to be smelted are divided into tin, antimony and antimony-free tin, and then various materials of the same type are mixed for smelting, so that different products can be produced in a targeted enrichment way.
(2) Feeding: adding the mixed material obtained in the step (1) into a converter;
in the step (2), a vibrating feeder is adopted for feeding, the vibrating feeder is opened to be opposite to the furnace mouth and stretches into the furnace mouth for 0.8-1m, a forklift is used for feeding the mixed material into a storage bin of the vibrating feeder, the vibrating feeder is started for vibrating the mixed material into the furnace, the material quantity is metered and added through the vibrating feeder, when the feeding quantity in the furnace body is 2/3, the furnace body is rotated for 10-15 degrees and then is continuously fed, and the single-furnace feeding quantity is 20-25t.
(3) Intermittent slow spin melting lead: after the step (2) is completed, the furnace door is closed and the small fire is opened (the fuel gas is less than or equal to 35 Nm) 3 And/h), closing a smoke gate after the furnace, rotating the furnace body for 10-30 degrees every 5-15min, smelting for 1-2h, observing whether the furnace is in an outward fire or not, and stopping rotating in time if the furnace is in the outward fire or the smoke;
(4) Continuous fast-spin melting lead: after the step (3) is finished, the furnace does not generate fire and smoke outwards, and the fire (30-180 Nm of fuel gas) is gradually regulated 3 And/h), continuously rotating the furnace body at a speed of 1-3 revolutions per minute, regulating a flue gas flashboard behind the furnace while ensuring micro negative pressure in the furnace, paying attention to the temperature behind the furnace, and smelting for 3-4 hours;
in this embodiment, the combustibles in the furnace are orderly burned in a controlled manner by adopting an initial intermittent rotation (explosion prevention) and a later continuous rotation furnace.
In the step (4), when the temperature after the furnace reaches 700 ℃ (850-950 ℃ in the furnace), lead discharge is started.
Compared with lead release at 700-850 ℃ in the industry, the embodiment improves the lead release temperature by about 100 ℃ and is more convenient for lead slag separation.
(5) And (3) lead is discharged from a slag suspending type small hole: after the step (4) is completed, the fire is turned off (gas 70 Nm) 3 Rotating the furnace body to the lead discharging port to the horizontal position, drilling a small hole of 30-50mm from the lead discharging port by using a percussion drill, moving the lead ladle to the position right below the furnace body, rotating the furnace body to the small hole of the lead discharging port to be opposite to the lead ladle, discharging lead, keeping the lead liquid vertically flowing to the lead ladle, rotating the furnace body to the lead discharging port to the horizontal position after the lead discharging is completed, and plugging the small hole by using slag blocking mud;
in the embodiment, the fire is reduced when the lead is placed, so that the temperature in the furnace is reduced, slag in the furnace is condensed, and the slag is prevented from flowing out and entering the lead liquid.
In the step (5), lead is put until no stranded lead flows out or obvious black slag flows out, and the lead is stopped.
(6) Smelting slag: after the step (5) is completed, firing (the fuel gas is more than or equal to 180 Nm) 3 And/h), continuously rotating the furnace body at a speed of 1-3 revolutions per minute, paying attention to the temperature after the furnace, smelting for 0.5-1h, and starting slag discharge when the temperature after the furnace reaches 800 ℃ (950-1050 ℃ in the furnace);
(7) And (3) discharging slag from a large hole: after the completion of the step (6), the fire was turned off (gas 70 Nm) 3 And (h), rotating the furnace body until the lead discharging port reaches the horizontal position, drilling a large hole of 80-100mm from the lead discharging port by using a percussion drill, moving the slag ladle to the position right below the furnace body, rotating the large hole from the furnace body to the lead discharging port to face the slag ladle, discharging slag and keeping the slag flowing vertically to the slag ladle, after the slag discharging is finished, enabling the converter body to reach the lead discharging port to reach the horizontal position, and plugging the large hole by using slag blocking mud after cleaning the slag.
In the embodiment, suspended slag type small hole lead discharge is adopted, and the large hole slag discharge after high-temperature smelting is adopted, so that the separation of liquid lead and slag is facilitated.
In the step (5) or (7), the slag blocking mud is prepared by soaking high-aluminum refractory mud with the mass ratio of 30% and yellow mud with the mass ratio of 70% into viscous mud, so as to prepare small brick mud with the mass ratio of 80-100mm, tamping each time one brick mud is blocked, rotating a furnace body to a newly blocked lead outlet to the lower part after the blocking is finished, observing whether leakage flows out, and if not, entering the next furnace feeding production.
The embodiment can treat various complex backlog materials, can normally treat flocculent lead powder, lead grid foam, low-temperature smelting slag, electrolytic refining high-antimony slag, antimony slag removal and other complex materials, improves the production yield of 2500 tons/month, has the Pb content of slag less than or equal to 4 percent, the reduction lead slag rate less than or equal to 5 percent, has few equipment faults, has controllable combustion in the converter smelting process, avoids deflagration risks such as flame spraying, has emergency spraying smoke cooling, reduces the risk of overhigh bag smoke temperature, has low smelting safety risk, and has more than or equal to 27 days in month effective production days.
Example two
The same or corresponding parts of this embodiment as those of the above embodiment are given the same reference numerals as those of the above embodiment, and only the points of distinction from the above embodiment will be described below for the sake of brevity. This embodiment differs from the above embodiment in that:
according to the components and characteristics of each material to be smelted, the smelting formula is set as follows, and the smelting formula in the furnace is calculated according to the feeding amount:
as a specific embodiment, for example:
during the batching, 12 tons of lead slag, 1 ton of flocculent lead powder, 5 tons of old refining slag and 2 tons of lead grid foam are weighed and mixed respectively:
rice coke: 12 x 0.04+1 x 0.03+5 x 0.06+2 x 0.04=0.89 tons;
scrap iron: 12 x 0.03+1 x 0.04+5 x 0.11+2 x 0.04=1.03 tons;
sodium carbonate: 12 x 0.003+1 x 0.003+5 x 0.02+2 x 0.003=0.145 ton.
Several sets of input and output embodiments in an actual production process are shown below:
according to the embodiment, the mixed high-carbon low-iron alkaline converter smelting process is adopted, the high-proportion coke particles, the low-proportion scrap iron and the sodium carbonate alkaline high-temperature smelting process are favorable for lead, antimony and tin reduction, loss is reduced, recovery rate and quality are improved, the quality of reduced lead is obviously improved, black slag does not exist on the surface of the lead, the reduction lead slag rate is less than or equal to 2%, lead ingots containing antimony and tin are respectively marked for use, smelting waste slag (from head) is obviously improved compared with industry, and the converter output is improved from the head average value to Pb less than or equal to 2%, sn is less than or equal to 0.7%, and the reduction lead slag rate is less than 2%.
Preferably, in the step (1), the mixture material adopts high-proportion coke particles, low-proportion scrap iron and sodium carbonate: when multiple materials are mixed (compared with single material), the proportion of the rice coke is adjusted up by 1-2%, the proportion of the scrap iron is adjusted down by 1-2%, and the sodium carbonate is not more than 1%.
Example III
As shown in fig. 2, this embodiment provides a smelting converter employing the hybrid high-carbon low-iron alkaline converter smelting process of the present invention, including: a furnace body 1, the furnace body 1 comprising a furnace wall 11; further comprises: and a liquid slag discharge port structure 2, wherein the liquid slag discharge port structure 2 is arranged on the circumference of the furnace wall 11, and lead liquid and lead slag are discharged through the liquid slag discharge port structure 2 in sequence.
As a preferred embodiment, two liquid and slag discharge structures 2 are symmetrically arranged on the furnace wall 11.
Preferably, the converter has a horizontal cylindrical converter structure.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 3 to 4, the liquid slag discharging structure 2 includes: a through hole 21, the through hole 21 being provided on the circumference of the furnace wall 11; and a brick body 22, wherein the brick body 22 is installed in the through hole 21 in a blocking manner; as shown in fig. 5, when discharging the lead liquid, a small hole 23 penetrating into the hearth of the furnace body 1 is drilled on the brick body 22, and the lead liquid is discharged from the small hole 23; as shown in fig. 4, when the lead slag is discharged, the entire brick body 22 is punched out and the through hole 21 is exposed, and the lead slag is discharged from the through hole 21.
In this embodiment, set up liquid sediment discharge port structure 2 on the oven wall 11 circumference of furnace body 1, set up through-hole 21 and shutoff installation brick body 22 on oven wall 11, when the lead liquid is discharged to needs, rotate furnace body 1 to liquid sediment discharge port structure 2 be in horizontal position, rotate aperture 23 to the furnace body bottom after drilling aperture 23 on brick body 22, lead liquid is discharged from bottom aperture, when the lead slag is discharged to needs, rotate furnace body 1 to liquid sediment discharge port structure 2 be in horizontal position, with the through-hole 21 being rotated to furnace body 1 bottom after the through-hole 21 is beaten and exposed to the brick body 22 is whole, the lead slag is discharged from through-hole 21, the steam generator is simple in structure, production simple operation, and bottom aperture flowing back mode makes lead slag be unable to discharge when lead liquid is discharged, lead liquid purity is high, realize liquid sediment and flow distribution discharge around the mouth, and simple structure, liquid sediment separation is effectual.
In the actual production process, the melting points of the lead liquid and the lead slag are different, the temperature in the furnace is kept at about 850 ℃ firstly, at the moment, the lead liquid is melted but the lead slag is not melted, at the moment, the lead liquid can be discharged, after the lead liquid is discharged, the temperature is raised to at least 950 ℃, at the moment, the lead slag is diluted, and at the moment, the slag discharging operation can be carried out.
The converter in this embodiment is mainly used for smelting soda, scrap iron, lead oxide, lead sulfate, etc., such as lead slag, alkaline slag, alloy ash, lead mud, etc.
Preferably, the aperture of the small hole 23 is 30-50mm, and the aperture of the through hole 21 is 80-100mm.
Note that, in the present embodiment, the inner bricks 221 and the outer bricks 222 are mounted:
the center lines of through holes of the inner bricks 221 and the outer bricks 222 are concentric with the center of a square opening of the furnace body and are towards the center of a round body, other T-shaped bricks 111 are sequentially arranged outwards by taking the center as the center, when the inner bricks 221 and the outer bricks 222 are replaced, the furnace converter is rotated to the opening level, the burnt inner bricks 221 and outer bricks 222 are broken by air picks, an outer square opening steel piece is disassembled, the inner bricks 221 with the periphery coated with fire-resistant high-temperature cement are put into the square holes at the front by small heads, the rear ends of the inner bricks 221 are flush with the upper edge of the high-alumina bricks 112, the outer bricks 222 are installed in the same method, finally, the outer square opening steel piece is installed, and if the outer side of the outer bricks 222 is provided with more than available cutting machines, redundant parts can be cut off.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 3, the brick body 22 includes: the inner bricks 221 and the outer bricks 222 are arranged from inside to outside, the inner bricks 221 are close to the hearth of the furnace body 1, and the outer bricks 222 are close to the outer wall of the furnace body 1.
Preferably, the inner bricks 221 are straight bricks, and the outer bricks 222 are T-shaped bricks.
As a preferred embodiment, in this example, the inner brick 221 is a QDMGe22A magnesia chrome brick (density 3.15g/cm 3 The softening temperature under load is more than or equal to 1700 ℃), 300 multiplied by 240/210 (∅) type 2 blocks, 300 multiplied by 200 multiplied by 240/320 (∅) type 2 blocks; the outer brick 222 is fixed by adopting 50 pieces of slot-inserted steel plates of RT high-temperature refractory mortar 1 ton, 304 stainless steel plates (230X 230X 3) which are built in a ring shape, and bricks are spliced and cut to lock bricks when 4-5 bricks are used, and 3mm of expansion paper is 100m 2 。
Preferably, as shown in fig. 5, the furnace wall 11 includes: a magnesia chrome brick layer 111 built on the inner layer and a high alumina brick layer 112 built on the outer layer.
Preferably, gaps between the magnesia chrome bricks in the magnesia chrome brick layer 111 and gaps between the high-alumina bricks in the high-alumina brick layer 112 are arranged in a staggered manner.
In the prior art, the furnace wall 11 is generally in a one-layer brick structure, if lead liquid leakage occurs, the heat conductivity coefficient of the furnace wall is large, and the furnace wall is burned red, so that the production operation is affected.
In the embodiment, by arranging the furnace wall 11 to be a structure consisting of the magnesia chrome brick layer 111 built on the inner layer and the high-alumina brick layer 112 built on the outer layer, gaps among the magnesia chrome bricks in the magnesia chrome brick layer 111 and gaps among the high-alumina bricks in the high-alumina brick layer 112 are arranged in a staggered manner, when lead liquid seeps from the gaps among the magnesia chrome bricks to the gaps among the magnesia chrome brick layer and the high-alumina brick layer, the lead liquid can be condensed without continuing to seep by combining with the air outside the furnace wall, the high-alumina bricks play a role of heat insulation, the temperature of the furnace wall is controlled (less than or equal to 200 ℃), and the service life of the furnace lining is prolonged.
Preferably, the inner brick 221 is installed in the through hole 21 formed on the magnesia chrome brick layer 111, and the outer brick 222 is installed in the through hole 21 formed on the high alumina brick layer 112.
Preferably, as shown in FIGS. 7-8, the furnace wall 11 further includes: and a reflective insulation board 113 installed outside the high alumina brick layer 112.
As a preferred embodiment, in this example, the reflective insulation board 113 has a thickness of 10mm, the high alumina brick layer 112 is made of light LN45 high alumina brick, the thickness is 60mm, and the magnesia chrome brick layer 111 is made of QDMGe20A magnesia chrome brick (density 3.15g/cm 3 The softening temperature under load is more than or equal to 1700 ℃), the weight of the block is 300 multiplied by 150 multiplied by 84/68 type 5000, the weight of the block is 54 tons, and the thickness of the block is 230mm.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 2, the furnace body 1 further includes: end walls 12, wherein the end walls 12 are arranged at the left end and the right end of the furnace wall 11 in a blocking manner; the feeding hole 13 is formed in the end wall 12 at the left end of the feeding hole 13; and a smoke outlet 14, wherein the smoke outlet 14 is arranged on the end wall 12 at the right end.
Preferably, the feeding hole 13 is a round hole structure built by casting materials, and the casting materials adopt kiln mouth chrome corundum casting materials Al 2 O 3 +Cr 2 O 3 ≥95%,SiO 2 Less than or equal to 0.5 percent, the density is 3.0g/cm < 3 >, and the highest temperature is 1800 ℃.
In the prior art, the feed inlet adopts refractory bricks to build round holes, and when feeding, massive materials fall on the bricks at the furnace mouth, so that the furnace mouth is loose, the service life is reduced, and the whole block is required to be removed during maintenance.
In the embodiment, the feeding hole 13 is built and formed by casting materials, so that small blocks can be repaired during maintenance, and the maintenance cost is reduced.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 8, the end wall 12 is built by adopting casting materials, and the casting materials adopt corundum high-strength anti-seepage casting materials Al 2 O 3 +Cr 2 O 3 ≥95%,SiO 2 Less than or equal to 0.5 percent and the density is 3.0g/cm 3 The maximum temperature is 1800 ℃, a T-shaped hanging angle 121 is formed at the end part of the end wall 12, and the magnesia chrome brick support at the end part of the furnace wall 11 is hung on the T-shaped hanging angle 121.
As a kind ofIn the preferred embodiment, the thickness of the end wall 12 is 280mm, and a fiberboard with a thickness of 20mm is arranged outside the end wall; the smoke outlet 14 is made of air hardening chrome corundum casting material (Al 2 O 3 +Cr 2 O 3 ≥90%,SiO 2 Less than or equal to 1.5 percent and the highest temperature is 1600 ℃), and the reflective insulation board with the thickness of 10mm is arranged outside the reflective insulation board.
In the embodiment, the left end wall 12 and the right end wall 12 are built and formed by casting materials, and the T-shaped hanging angle 121 is arranged at the end part, so that the magnesia chrome brick layer 111 can be well supported, and the furnace wall bricks are prevented from falling.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. The mixed high-carbon low-iron alkaline converter smelting process is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) And (3) batching: metering the weight of each material to be smelted, and then adding rice coke, scrap iron and sodium carbonate according to the mass ratio of the materials, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed material;
according to the components and characteristics of each material to be smelted, the smelting formula is respectively set as follows, and when the smelting formula of the furnace is calculated according to the feeding amount, the proportion of the rice coke is adjusted up by 1-2%, the proportion of the scrap iron is adjusted down by 1-2%, and the sodium carbonate is not more than 1%:
；
(2) Feeding: adding the mixed material obtained in the step (1) into a converter;
(3) Intermittent slow spin melting lead: after the step (2) is finished, closing the furnace door and opening the small fire, rotating the furnace body for 10-30 degrees every 5-15min, and smelting for 1-2h;
(4) Continuous fast-spin melting lead: after the step (3) is completed, gradually regulating fire and ensuring micro negative pressure in the furnace, continuously rotating the furnace body at the speed of 1-3 revolutions per minute, smelting for 3-4 hours, and starting to discharge lead when the temperature in the furnace reaches 850-950 ℃;
(5) And (3) lead is discharged from a slag suspending type small hole: after the step (4) is finished, turning down fire, rotating the furnace body to a lead discharging port to a horizontal position, drilling a small hole of 30-50mm from the lead discharging port, moving a lead ladle to the position right below the furnace body, rotating the furnace body to the small hole of the lead discharging port to be opposite to the lead ladle, discharging lead, keeping the vertical flow direction of lead liquid to the lead ladle, and rotating the furnace body to the lead discharging port to the horizontal position after the lead discharging is finished, and plugging the small hole by using slag blocking mud;
(6) Smelting slag: after the step (5) is finished, firing is carried out, the furnace body is continuously rotated at the speed of 1-3 revolutions per minute, smelting is carried out for 0.5-1h, and when the temperature in the furnace reaches 950-1050 ℃, slag discharge is started;
(7) And (3) discharging slag from a large hole: and (3) after the step (6) is finished, turning down fire, rotating the furnace body until the lead discharging port reaches the horizontal position, drilling a large hole of 80-100mm from the lead discharging port, moving the slag ladle to the position right below the furnace body, rotating the furnace body until the large hole of the lead discharging port is opposite to the slag ladle, discharging slag and keeping the slag flowing vertically to the slag ladle, after the slag discharging is finished, turning the converter body until the lead discharging port reaches the horizontal position, and plugging the large hole by using slag plugging mud after cleaning the slag.
2. The process for smelting the mixed high-carbon low-iron alkaline converter according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), a vibrating feeder is adopted for feeding, the vibrating feeder is opened to be opposite to a furnace mouth and stretches into the furnace mouth for 0.8-1m, a forklift is used for feeding mixed materials into a bin of the vibrating feeder, the vibrating feeder is started for vibrating the mixed materials into the furnace, the materials are metered by the vibrating feeder, and when the feeding amount in the furnace body is 2/3, the furnace body is rotated for 10-15 degrees and then feeding is continued, and the single-furnace feeding amount is 20-25t.
3. The hybrid high carbon low iron alkaline converter smelting process of claim 1, wherein in step (5) the lead tapping is stopped until no stranded lead is tapped or there is just a noticeable black slag tapping.
4. The process according to claim 1, wherein in step (5) or (7), the slag plugging mud is prepared by immersing high-alumina refractory mud with a mass ratio of 30% and yellow mud with a mass ratio of 70% into viscous mud to prepare small brick mud with a mass ratio of 80-100mm.
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