CN115544452A - Photovoltaic module irradiation calculation method under close-range shadow shielding - Google Patents

Photovoltaic module irradiation calculation method under close-range shadow shielding Download PDF

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CN115544452A
CN115544452A CN202211223319.1A CN202211223319A CN115544452A CN 115544452 A CN115544452 A CN 115544452A CN 202211223319 A CN202211223319 A CN 202211223319A CN 115544452 A CN115544452 A CN 115544452A
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黄悦婷
白建波
左凯飞
王柱将
严家乐
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种近景阴影遮挡下的光伏组件辐照计算方法，包括以下步骤，1、配置光伏组件参数，计算未遮挡时的光伏组件倾斜面上的逐时太阳辐照量；2、将组件和障碍物进行几何建模，计算光线在光伏组件表面的交点及阴影面积；3、计算每块光伏组件在不同太阳位置下的直射阴影系数，根据直射阴影系数算出阴影遮挡下的直射辐照量；4、根据直射阴影系数积分求得每块组件在不同太阳位置下的散射阴影系数，算出每块组件阴影遮挡下的散射辐照量；5、计算得到光伏组件在阴影遮挡下总辐照。本发明利用光伏组件基本安装条件，考虑光伏组件在近景阴影遮挡下影响计算得到光伏组件准确辐照值。

Figure 202211223319

The invention discloses a method for calculating the irradiation of photovoltaic modules under close-range shadow shading. Geometric modeling of components and obstacles, calculation of the intersection point and shadow area of light on the surface of photovoltaic modules; 3. Calculate the direct shading coefficient of each photovoltaic module under different sun positions, and calculate the direct irradiance under shadow occlusion according to the direct shading coefficient 4. Calculate the scattering shading coefficient of each module under different sun positions according to the integral of the direct shading coefficient, and calculate the scattered radiation amount of each module under shading; 5. Calculate the total irradiance of the photovoltaic module under shading . The present invention utilizes the basic installation conditions of the photovoltaic module, and considers the influence of the photovoltaic module under close-range shadow shading to calculate and obtain the accurate irradiation value of the photovoltaic module.

Figure 202211223319

Description

一种近景阴影遮挡下的光伏组件辐照计算方法A Calculation Method of Photovoltaic Module Irradiance under Close-range Shadow Shading

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及一种近景阴影遮挡下的光伏组件辐照计算方法，属于太阳能光伏系统应用技术领域。The invention relates to a method for calculating the irradiation of a photovoltaic module under close-range shadow shading, and belongs to the technical field of application of solar photovoltaic systems.

背景技术Background technique

分布式屋顶光伏电站通常处在复杂环境中，存在很大概率会被近景障碍物遮挡产生阴影。遮挡阴影严重影响了光伏阵列的输出功率，是造成光伏产量较低的主要原因之一。当阴影无法避免时，如何确定阴影对光伏组件辐照产生的影响已经成为一个重要的问题，对阴影遮挡的适当描述有助于精准模拟在实际应用环境下的光伏系统。Distributed rooftop photovoltaic power plants are usually located in a complex environment, and there is a high probability that they will be blocked by nearby obstacles and produce shadows. Shading seriously affects the output power of photovoltaic arrays and is one of the main reasons for lower photovoltaic yields. When shadows cannot be avoided, how to determine the impact of shadows on photovoltaic module irradiation has become an important issue. A proper description of shadow occlusion is helpful to accurately simulate photovoltaic systems in actual application environments.

阴影系数是模拟阴影对光伏组件影响的表述，所以，光伏电站急切需要一种可以有效、精准地计算在近景阴影遮挡下光伏组件辐照计算方法方法。The shading coefficient is an expression for simulating the influence of shadows on photovoltaic modules. Therefore, photovoltaic power stations urgently need an effective and accurate method for calculating the irradiance of photovoltaic modules under close-range shadow occlusion.

发明内容Contents of the invention

为了现有的技术缺陷，本发明提供一种近景阴影遮挡下的光伏组件辐照精准计算方法，根据光伏组件基本安装条件，考虑光伏组件在近景阴影遮挡下影响，即可计算得到光伏组件准确辐照值。To solve the existing technical defects, the present invention provides an accurate calculation method for photovoltaic module radiation under close-range shadow occlusion. According to the basic installation conditions of photovoltaic modules and considering the influence of photovoltaic modules under close-range shadow occlusion, the accurate radiation of photovoltaic modules can be calculated. According to value.

本发明中主要采用的技术方案为：The technical scheme mainly adopted in the present invention is:

一种近景阴影遮挡下的光伏组件辐照计算方法，包括以下步骤：A method for calculating the irradiance of a photovoltaic module under close-range shadow occlusion, comprising the following steps:

步骤1：配置光伏组件参数，计算未遮挡时的光伏组件倾斜面上的逐时太阳辐照量；Step 1: Configure the parameters of the photovoltaic module and calculate the hourly solar radiation on the inclined surface of the photovoltaic module when it is not shaded;

步骤2：将组件和障碍物进行几何建模，计算光线在光伏组件表面的交点及阴影面积；Step 2: Geometrically model the components and obstacles, and calculate the intersection point and shadow area of the light on the surface of the photovoltaic module;

步骤3：计算每块组件在不同太阳位置下的直射阴影系数，根据直射阴影系数算出阴影遮挡下的直射辐照量；Step 3: Calculate the direct shading coefficient of each module under different sun positions, and calculate the direct irradiance under shadow occlusion according to the direct shading coefficient;

步骤4：据直射阴影系数积分求得每块组件在不同太阳位置下的散射阴影系数，算出每块光伏组件阴影遮挡下的散射辐照量；Step 4: Obtain the scattering shading coefficient of each module under different sun positions according to the integral of the direct shading coefficient, and calculate the amount of scattered radiation under the shadow of each photovoltaic module;

步骤5：将步骤1计算出的倾斜面反射辐照量DRI、步骤3计算出的阴影遮挡下的直射辐照量DNIs和步骤4计算出的阴影遮挡下的散射辐照量DHIs相加求和，最后算得光伏组件在近景阴影遮挡下有效总辐照。Step 5: Add the reflected irradiance DRI of the inclined surface calculated in Step 1, the direct irradiance DNI s under shadow shading calculated in Step 3, and the diffuse irradiance DHI s under shadow shading calculated in Step 4 Finally, the effective total irradiance of the photovoltaic module under close-range shadow occlusion is calculated.

优选地，所述步骤1中，光伏组件辐照度计算公式如式(1)所示：Preferably, in the step 1, the formula for calculating the irradiance of the photovoltaic module is shown in formula (1):

首先是按照辐照公式要求导入经度、纬度、地面反射率、逐时总辐照量(查气象软件Meteonorm)、组件倾角及方位角参数。The first is to import longitude, latitude, ground reflectance, hourly total radiation (check meteorological software Meteonorm), module inclination and azimuth parameters according to the requirements of the radiation formula.

辐照计算公式考虑到了环绕太阳的散射辐照，该公式对太阳辐照中散射部分进行了更详尽的分析，并且采用了经验公式及经验参数，能够精准计算光伏阵列倾斜面太阳散射辐照量，其中倾斜面散射包含三项：各项同性散射辐照度、环绕太阳散射辐照度和水平散射辐照度，如下式(1)所示：The radiation calculation formula takes into account the scattered radiation around the sun. The formula analyzes the scattering part of the solar radiation in more detail, and adopts empirical formulas and empirical parameters to accurately calculate the solar scattered radiation of the inclined surface of the photovoltaic array. , where the oblique surface scattering includes three items: isotropic scattering irradiance, surrounding solar scattering irradiance and horizontal scattering irradiance, as shown in the following formula (1):

Figure BDA0003878207590000021
Figure BDA0003878207590000021

式中：In the formula:

DNI表示光伏组件倾斜面的太阳直射辐照量，单位为J/m2；DNI represents the direct solar radiation on the inclined surface of the photovoltaic module, and the unit is J/m 2 ;

DHI表示光伏组件倾斜面的太阳散射辐照量，单位为J/m2；DHI represents the amount of solar scattering radiation on the inclined surface of the photovoltaic module, and the unit is J/m 2 ;

DRI表示光伏组件倾斜面的太阳反射辐照量，单位为J/m2；DRI represents the amount of solar reflected radiation on the inclined surface of the photovoltaic module, in J/m 2 ;

Ip表示水平面上的太阳总辐照量，单位为J/m2；I p represents the total solar radiation on the horizontal plane, in J/m 2 ;

Ib表示水平面上的太阳直射辐照量，单位为J/m2；I b represents the amount of direct solar radiation on the horizontal plane, in J/m 2 ;

Id表示水平面上的太阳散射辐照量，单位为J/m2；I d represents the amount of solar radiation on the horizontal plane, in J/m 2 ;

ρg表示地面反射率；ρ g represents the ground reflectance;

β表示光伏组件安装倾角；β represents the inclination angle of photovoltaic module installation;

F1表示环日亮度系数；F2表示环地平线亮度系数；F 1 represents the luminance coefficient around the sun; F 2 represents the luminance coefficient around the horizon;

Rb表示倾斜面与水平面上的直射辐照量的比值；R b represents the ratio of direct radiation on the inclined plane to the horizontal plane;

对于北半球：For the northern hemisphere:

Figure BDA0003878207590000031
Figure BDA0003878207590000031

对于南半球：For the Southern Hemisphere:

Figure BDA0003878207590000032
Figure BDA0003878207590000032

其中，β为光伏组件安装倾角，

Figure BDA0003878207590000033
为当地纬度，δ为太阳赤纬角，ω为时角；Among them, β is the inclination angle of photovoltaic module installation,
Figure BDA0003878207590000033
is the local latitude, δ is the solar declination angle, and ω is the hour angle;

通过辐照计算公式(1)计算出倾斜面直射辐照量DNI、倾斜面散射辐照量DHI和倾斜面反射辐照量DRI三个参数。The three parameters of direct radiation DNI, diffuse radiation DHI and reflected radiation DRI on slopes are calculated by the radiation calculation formula (1).

优选地，所述步骤2中，将光伏组件几何建模获得位置坐标点，光伏组件用四个笛卡尔坐标表示，这些坐标对应于组件每个角的顶点，所述坐标接收具有组件尺寸、坐标和方向角的数据；构造函数Vi计算表示模块的四个顶点的坐标，经过两次旋转和一次平移，如下式(2)所示：Preferably, in the step 2, the geometric modeling of the photovoltaic component is used to obtain the position coordinate points, and the photovoltaic component is represented by four Cartesian coordinates, these coordinates correspond to the vertices of each corner of the component, and the coordinates receive components with dimensions, coordinates and the data of the orientation angle; the constructor V i calculates the coordinates of the four vertices representing the module, through two rotations and one translation, as shown in the following formula (2):

Figure BDA0003878207590000034
Figure BDA0003878207590000034

式中：vi表示光伏组件每个顶点坐标；In the formula: v i represents the coordinates of each vertex of the photovoltaic module;

vx表示光伏组件顶点向量X轴的坐标；v x represents the coordinates of the X-axis of the vertex vector of the photovoltaic module;

vy表示光伏组件顶点向量Y轴的坐标；v y represents the Y-axis coordinate of the vertex vector of the photovoltaic module;

vz表示光伏组件顶点向量Z轴的坐标；v z represents the coordinates of the Z-axis of the vertex vector of the photovoltaic module;

β表示光伏组件安装倾角；β represents the inclination angle of photovoltaic module installation;

γ表示光伏组件安装方位角；γ represents the installation azimuth of photovoltaic modules;

Ry(β)表示绕y轴旋转的旋转矩阵；R y (β) represents the rotation matrix rotating around the y axis;

Rz(γ)表示绕z轴旋转的旋转矩阵；R z (γ) represents the rotation matrix that rotates around the z axis;

D表示平移向量；D represents the translation vector;

将障碍物进行几何建模，获得障碍物的信息，用每个笛卡尔坐标表示障碍物凸角点，用该类坐标接收障碍物的尺寸、位置、一个倾角和一个方位角；Carry out geometric modeling of the obstacle, obtain the information of the obstacle, use each Cartesian coordinate to represent the convex corner point of the obstacle, and use this type of coordinate to receive the size, position, an inclination angle and an azimuth of the obstacle;

通过公式(3)获得投影下的阴影坐标，通过将障碍物的每个顶点投影到光伏组件给定的平面上来实现的；投影的坐标能够计算为线和平面的交点，所述线由障碍物顶点p0定义，所述平面由光伏组件定义的面；如下式(3)所示:The shadow coordinates under the projection are obtained by formula (3), which is realized by projecting each vertex of the obstacle onto the given plane of the photovoltaic module; the projected coordinates can be calculated as the intersection of the line and the plane, and the line is formed by the obstacle The vertex p0 is defined, and the plane is defined by the photovoltaic module; as shown in the following formula (3):

Figure BDA0003878207590000041
Figure BDA0003878207590000041

式中：ps表示障碍物顶点在光伏组件表面的投影；In the formula: p s represents the projection of the vertex of the obstacle on the surface of the photovoltaic module;

po表示障碍物顶点坐标向量；p o represents the obstacle vertex coordinate vector;

vi表示光伏组件顶点坐标；v i represents the coordinates of the vertices of the photovoltaic module;

α表示垂直于组件表面的向量；α represents the vector perpendicular to the surface of the component;

s表示太阳位置的单位向量；s represents the unit vector of the sun position;

计算光线在组件表面的交点及阴影面积；根据落下的阴影点和相交函数，求得相交坐标点，如下式(4)所示:Calculate the intersection point and shadow area of the light on the surface of the component; obtain the intersection coordinate point according to the falling shadow point and the intersection function, as shown in the following formula (4):

xax+yay+zaz+d＝0xa x +ya y +za z +d＝0

po,z＝-(axpo,x+aypo,y+d)/az (4)p o,z ＝-(a x p o,x +a y p o,y +d)/a z (4)

式中：αx表示垂直于光伏表面X轴的单位分量；In the formula: α x represents the unit component perpendicular to the X-axis of the photovoltaic surface;

αy表示垂直于光伏表面Y轴的单位分量；α y represents the unit component perpendicular to the Y axis of the photovoltaic surface;

αz表示垂直于光伏表面Z轴的单位分量；α z represents the unit component perpendicular to the Z axis of the photovoltaic surface;

po,x表示障碍物顶点向量X轴的坐标；p o, x represents the coordinates of the obstacle vertex vector X-axis;

po,y表示障碍物顶点向量Y轴的坐标；p o, y represents the coordinates of the obstacle vertex vector Y axis;

po,z表示障碍物顶点向量Z轴的坐标；p o,z represent the coordinates of the obstacle vertex vector Z axis;

d为常数。d is a constant.

优选地，所述步骤3中，利用步骤2计算落在组件表面的阴影部分，求出直射阴影系数fB，如式(5)所示：Preferably, in step 3, step 2 is used to calculate the shadow part falling on the surface of the component to obtain the direct shadow coefficient f B , as shown in formula (5):

Figure BDA0003878207590000051
Figure BDA0003878207590000051

式中：fB表示直射阴影遮挡系数；In the formula: f B represents the direct shadow occlusion coefficient;

AS表示在光伏组件表面的阴影遮挡面积；A S represents the shaded area on the surface of the photovoltaic module;

AM表示光伏组件表面面积；A M represents the surface area of the photovoltaic module;

计算每块组件在不同太阳位置下(太阳方位角在-180°～180°和太阳仰角在0°～90°)的直射阴影系数，根据直射阴影系数算出阴影遮挡下的直射辐照量，如式(6)所示：Calculate the direct shadow coefficient of each module under different sun positions (the sun azimuth angle is -180°～180° and the sun elevation angle is 0°～90°), and calculate the direct radiation amount under shadow occlusion according to the direct shadow coefficient, such as Formula (6) shows:

DNIS＝DNI·(1-fB) (6)DNI S ＝DNI·(1-f B ) (6)

式中：DNIS表示阴影遮挡下的直射辐照量；In the formula: DNIS represents the direct radiation dose under shade;

DNI表示光伏组件倾斜面的太阳直射辐照量。DNI represents the direct solar irradiance of the inclined surface of the photovoltaic module.

优选地，所述步骤4中，通过计算每块组件在不同太阳位置下(太阳方位角在-180°～180°和太阳仰角在0°～90°，每隔10°取一值)直射阴影系数，得到一组阴影系数。据散射的天空各项同性和离散化处理，得到简化公式计算散射阴影系数fD，如式(7)所示：Preferably, in step 4, by calculating the direct shadow of each component under different sun positions (the sun azimuth angle is -180°～180° and the sun elevation angle is 0°～90°, take a value every 10°) Coefficients to get a set of shading coefficients. According to the isotropy and discretization of the scattered sky, a simplified formula is obtained to calculate the scattering shadow coefficient f D , as shown in formula (7):

Figure BDA0003878207590000052
Figure BDA0003878207590000052

式中：fD表示散射阴影遮挡系数；In the formula: f D represents the scattering shadow occlusion coefficient;

fB表示直射阴影遮挡系数；f B represents direct shadow occlusion coefficient;

AOI表示入射角；AOI means angle of incidence;

α表示太阳高度角；α represents the sun altitude angle;

根据散射阴影系数算出阴影遮挡下的散射辐照量，如下式(8)所示：According to the scattering shadow coefficient, the scattered radiation amount under shadow occlusion is calculated, as shown in the following formula (8):

DHIS＝DHI·(1-fD) (8)DHI S ＝DHI·(1-f D ) (8)

式中：DHIS表示阴影遮挡下的散射辐照量；In the formula: DHI S represents the amount of diffuse radiation under shadow occlusion;

DHI表示光伏组件倾斜面的太阳散射辐照量；DHI represents the amount of solar scattering radiation on the inclined surface of the photovoltaic module;

fD表示散射阴影遮挡系数。f D represents the scattering shadow occlusion coefficient.

有益效果：本发明提供一种近景阴影遮挡下的光伏组件辐照精准计算方法，可以利用组件基本安装条件，考虑光伏组件在近景阴影遮挡下影响，计算得到光伏组件准确辐照值，从而对评估双面光伏电站的发电性能起指导性意义，且本发明适用于不同条件下近景阴影遮挡下的计算，模拟和仿真的结果反映了本发明的参考价值及适用性。Beneficial effects: the present invention provides a method for accurately calculating the irradiation of photovoltaic modules under close-range shadow occlusion, which can use the basic installation conditions of the components and consider the influence of photovoltaic modules under close-range shadow occlusion, and calculate the accurate irradiation value of photovoltaic modules, so as to evaluate The power generation performance of the double-sided photovoltaic power station is of guiding significance, and the present invention is applicable to calculations under close-range shadow occlusion under different conditions, and the results of simulation and simulation reflect the reference value and applicability of the present invention.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为本发明流程图。Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the present invention.

图2为组件几何模型。Figure 2 is the component geometry model.

图3投影点坐标计算原理图。Fig. 3 Schematic diagram of projection point coordinate calculation.

图4组件阴影遮挡图。Figure 4 Component shadow occlusion diagram.

图5实施例1组件与障碍物位置关系。Figure 5 shows the positional relationship between components and obstacles in Embodiment 1.

图6本发明方法与PVsyst和SAM仿真数据对比。图6-1光伏组件直射阴影系数比较，图6-2光伏阵列不同行间距下散射阴影系数比较。Fig. 6 compares the method of the present invention with the simulation data of PVsyst and SAM. Figure 6-1 Comparison of direct shading coefficients of photovoltaic modules, Figure 6-2 Comparison of scattering shading coefficients under different row spacings of photovoltaic arrays.

具体实施方式detailed description

为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本申请中的技术方案，下面对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都应当属于本申请保护的范围。In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in the application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the application are clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the application, and Not all examples. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of this application.

如图1所示，一种近景阴影遮挡下的光伏组件辐照计算方法，包括以下步骤：As shown in Figure 1, a method for calculating the irradiation of photovoltaic modules under close-range shadow occlusion includes the following steps:

步骤1：配置光伏组件参数，计算未遮挡时的光伏组件倾斜面上的逐时太阳辐照量；Step 1: Configure the parameters of the photovoltaic module and calculate the hourly solar radiation on the inclined surface of the photovoltaic module when it is not shaded;

首先是按照辐照公式要求导入经度、纬度、地面反射率、逐时总辐照量(查气象软件Meteonorm)、组件倾角及方位角参数。The first is to import longitude, latitude, ground reflectance, hourly total radiation (check meteorological software Meteonorm), module inclination and azimuth parameters according to the requirements of the radiation formula.

辐照计算公式考虑到了环绕太阳的散射辐照，该公式对太阳辐照中散射部分进行了更详尽的分析，并且采用了经验公式及经验参数，能够精准计算光伏阵列倾斜面太阳散射辐照量，其中倾斜面散射包含三项：各项同性散射辐照度、环绕太阳散射辐照度和水平散射辐照度，如下式(1)所示：The radiation calculation formula takes into account the scattered radiation around the sun. The formula analyzes the scattering part of the solar radiation in more detail, and adopts empirical formulas and empirical parameters to accurately calculate the solar scattered radiation of the inclined surface of the photovoltaic array. , where the oblique surface scattering includes three items: isotropic scattering irradiance, surrounding solar scattering irradiance and horizontal scattering irradiance, as shown in the following formula (1):

Figure BDA0003878207590000071
Figure BDA0003878207590000071

式中：In the formula:

DNI表示光伏组件倾斜面的太阳直射辐照量，单位为J/m2；DNI represents the direct solar radiation on the inclined surface of the photovoltaic module, and the unit is J/m 2 ;

DHI表示光伏组件倾斜面的太阳散射辐照量，单位为J/m2；DHI represents the amount of solar scattering radiation on the inclined surface of the photovoltaic module, and the unit is J/m 2 ;

DRI表示光伏组件倾斜面的太阳反射辐照量，单位为J/m2；DRI represents the amount of solar reflected radiation on the inclined surface of the photovoltaic module, in J/m 2 ;

Ip表示水平面上的太阳总辐照量，单位为J/m2；I p represents the total solar radiation on the horizontal plane, in J/m 2 ;

Ib表示水平面上的太阳直射辐照量，单位为J/m2；I b represents the amount of direct solar radiation on the horizontal plane, in J/m 2 ;

Id表示水平面上的太阳散射辐照量，单位为J/m2；I d represents the amount of solar radiation on the horizontal plane, in J/m 2 ;

ρg表示地面反射率；ρ g represents the ground reflectance;

β表示光伏组件安装倾角；β represents the inclination angle of photovoltaic module installation;

F2表示环日亮度系数；F2表示环地平线亮度系数；F 2 represents the luminance coefficient around the sun; F 2 represents the luminance coefficient around the horizon;

Rb表示倾斜面与水平面上的直射辐照量的比值；R b represents the ratio of direct radiation on the inclined plane to the horizontal plane;

对于北半球：For the northern hemisphere:

Figure BDA0003878207590000081
Figure BDA0003878207590000081

对于南半球：For the Southern Hemisphere:

Figure BDA0003878207590000082
Figure BDA0003878207590000082

其中，β为光伏组件安装倾角，

Figure BDA0003878207590000083
为当地纬度，δ为太阳赤纬角，ω为时角；Among them, β is the inclination angle of photovoltaic module installation,
Figure BDA0003878207590000083
is the local latitude, δ is the solar declination angle, and ω is the hour angle;

通过辐照计算公式(1)计算出倾斜面直射辐照量DNI、倾斜面散射辐照量DHI和倾斜面反射辐照量DRI三个参数。The three parameters of direct radiation DNI, diffuse radiation DHI and reflected radiation DRI on slopes are calculated by the radiation calculation formula (1).

步骤2：将组件和障碍物进行几何建模，计算光线在组件表面的交点及阴影面积；Step 2: Geometrically model the components and obstacles, and calculate the intersection point and shadow area of the light on the surface of the component;

将光伏组件几何建模获得位置坐标点。组件用四个笛卡尔坐标表示，这些坐标对应于组件每个角的顶点，该类坐标接收具有组件尺寸、坐标和方向角等数据，如图2为光伏组件的几何建模。构造函数vi计算表示模块的四个顶点的坐标，经过两次旋转和一次平移，如下式(2)所示：Geometric modeling of photovoltaic modules to obtain position coordinates. The component is represented by four Cartesian coordinates. These coordinates correspond to the vertices of each corner of the component. These coordinates receive data such as component size, coordinates, and orientation angles. Figure 2 shows the geometric modeling of photovoltaic components. The constructor v i calculates the coordinates of the four vertices representing the module, after two rotations and one translation, as shown in the following formula (2):

Figure BDA0003878207590000084
Figure BDA0003878207590000084

式中：vi表示光伏组件每个顶点坐标；In the formula: v i represents the coordinates of each vertex of the photovoltaic module;

vx表示光伏组件顶点向量X轴的坐标；v x represents the coordinates of the X-axis of the vertex vector of the photovoltaic module;

vy表示光伏组件顶点向量Y轴的坐标；v y represents the Y-axis coordinate of the vertex vector of the photovoltaic module;

vz表示光伏组件顶点向量Z轴的坐标；v z represents the coordinates of the Z-axis of the vertex vector of the photovoltaic module;

β表示光伏组件安装倾角；β represents the inclination angle of photovoltaic module installation;

γ表示光伏组件安装方位角；γ represents the installation azimuth of photovoltaic modules;

Ry(β)表示绕y轴旋转的旋转矩阵；R y (β) represents the rotation matrix rotating around the y axis;

Rz(γ)表示绕z轴旋转的旋转矩阵；R z (γ) represents the rotation matrix that rotates around the z axis;

D表示平移向量；D represents the translation vector;

将障碍物进行几何建模，获得障碍物的信息，用每个笛卡尔坐标表示障碍物凸角点，用该类坐标接收障碍物的尺寸、位置、一个倾角和一个方位角；Carry out geometric modeling of the obstacle, obtain the information of the obstacle, use each Cartesian coordinate to represent the convex corner point of the obstacle, and use this type of coordinate to receive the size, position, an inclination angle and an azimuth of the obstacle;

获得投影下的阴影坐标。通过将障碍物的每个顶点投影到光伏组件给定的平面上来实现的,如图3投影点坐标。投影的坐标可以计算为线(由障碍物顶点p0定义)和平面(由光伏组件定义的面)的交点；如下式(3)所示:Get the shadow coordinates under the projection. It is realized by projecting each vertex of the obstacle onto the given plane of the photovoltaic module, as shown in Fig. 3 projection point coordinates. The coordinates of the projection can be calculated as the intersection of the line (defined by the obstacle vertex p0 ) and the plane (the surface defined by the photovoltaic module); as shown in the following equation (3):

Figure BDA0003878207590000091
Figure BDA0003878207590000091

式中：ps表示障碍物顶点在光伏组件表面的投影；In the formula: p s represents the projection of the vertex of the obstacle on the surface of the photovoltaic module;

po表示障碍物顶点坐标向量；p o represents the obstacle vertex coordinate vector;

νi表示光伏组件顶点坐标；ν i represents the coordinates of the vertex of the photovoltaic module;

α表示垂直于组件表面的向量；α represents the vector perpendicular to the surface of the component;

S表示太阳位置的单位向量；S represents the unit vector of the sun position;

计算光线在组件表面的交点及阴影面积；根据落下的阴影点和相交函数，求得相交坐标点，如下式(4)所示:Calculate the intersection point and shadow area of the light on the surface of the component; obtain the intersection coordinate point according to the falling shadow point and the intersection function, as shown in the following formula (4):

xax+yay+zaz+d＝0xa x +ya y +za z +d＝0

po,z＝-(axpo,x+aypo,y+d)/az (4)p o,z ＝-(a x p o,x +a y p o,y +d)/a z (4)

式中：αx表示垂直于光伏表面X轴的单位分量；In the formula: α x represents the unit component perpendicular to the X-axis of the photovoltaic surface;

αy表示垂直于光伏表面Y轴的单位分量；α y represents the unit component perpendicular to the Y axis of the photovoltaic surface;

αz表示垂直于光伏表面Z轴的单位分量；α z represents the unit component perpendicular to the Z axis of the photovoltaic surface;

po,x表示障碍物顶点向量X轴的坐标；p o, x represents the coordinates of the obstacle vertex vector X-axis;

po,y表示障碍物顶点向量Y轴的坐标；p o, y represents the coordinates of the obstacle vertex vector Y axis;

po,z表示障碍物顶点向量Z轴的坐标；p o,z represent the coordinates of the obstacle vertex vector Z axis;

d为常数。d is a constant.

步骤3：计算每块光伏组件在不同太阳位置下的直射阴影系数，根据直射阴影系数算出阴影遮挡下的直射辐照量；Step 3: Calculate the direct shading coefficient of each photovoltaic module under different sun positions, and calculate the direct radiation amount under shading according to the direct shading coefficient;

利用步骤2计算落在组件表面的阴影部分，如图4所示，求出直射阴影系数fB，如式(5)所示：Use step 2 to calculate the shadow part falling on the surface of the component, as shown in Figure 4, and obtain the direct shadow coefficient f B , as shown in formula (5):

Figure BDA0003878207590000101
Figure BDA0003878207590000101

式中：fB表示直射阴影遮挡系数；In the formula: f B represents the direct shadow occlusion coefficient;

AS表示在光伏组件表面的阴影遮挡面积；A S represents the shaded area on the surface of the photovoltaic module;

AM表示光伏组件表面面积；A M represents the surface area of the photovoltaic module;

计算每块组件在不同太阳位置下(太阳方位角在-180°～180°和太阳仰角在0°～90°)的直射阴影系数，根据直射阴影系数算出阴影遮挡下的直射辐照量，如式(6)所示：Calculate the direct shadow coefficient of each module under different sun positions (the sun azimuth angle is -180°～180° and the sun elevation angle is 0°～90°), and calculate the direct radiation amount under shadow occlusion according to the direct shadow coefficient, such as Formula (6) shows:

DNIS＝DNI·(1-fB) (6)DNI S ＝DNI·(1-f B ) (6)

式中：DNIS表示阴影遮挡下的直射辐照量；In the formula: DNIS represents the direct radiation dose under shade;

DNI表示光伏组件倾斜面的太阳直射辐照量。DNI represents the direct solar irradiance of the inclined surface of the photovoltaic module.

步骤4：据直射阴影系数积分求得每块光伏组件在不同太阳位置下的散射阴影系数，算出每块组件阴影遮挡下的散射辐照量；Step 4: Obtain the scattering shading coefficient of each photovoltaic module under different sun positions according to the integral of the direct shading coefficient, and calculate the scattered radiation amount under the shadow of each module;

所述步骤4中，通过计算每块组件在不同太阳位置下(太阳方位角在-180°～180°和太阳仰角在0°～90°，每隔10°取一值)直射阴影系数，得到一组阴影系数。据散射的天空各项同性和离散化处理，得到简化公式计算散射阴影系数fD，如式(7)所示：In the step 4, by calculating the direct shadow coefficient of each component under different sun positions (the sun azimuth angle is -180°～180° and the sun elevation angle is 0°～90°, a value is taken every 10°) to obtain An array of shading factors. According to the isotropy and discretization of the scattered sky, a simplified formula is obtained to calculate the scattering shadow coefficient f D , as shown in formula (7):

Figure BDA0003878207590000102
Figure BDA0003878207590000102

式中：fD表示散射阴影遮挡系数；In the formula: f D represents the scattering shadow occlusion coefficient;

fB表示直射阴影遮挡系数；f B represents direct shadow occlusion coefficient;

AOI表示入射角；AOI means angle of incidence;

α表示太阳高度角；α represents the sun altitude angle;

根据散射阴影系数算出阴影遮挡下的散射辐照量，如下式(8)所示：According to the scattering shadow coefficient, the scattered radiation amount under shadow occlusion is calculated, as shown in the following formula (8):

DHIS＝DHI·(1-fD) (8)DHI S ＝DHI·(1-f D ) (8)

式中：DHIS表示阴影遮挡下的散射辐照量；In the formula: DHI S represents the amount of diffuse radiation under shadow occlusion;

DHI表示光伏组件倾斜面的太阳散射辐照量；DHI represents the amount of solar scattering radiation on the inclined surface of the photovoltaic module;

fD表示散射阴影遮挡系数。f D represents the scattering shadow occlusion coefficient.

步骤5：计算得到光伏组件在阴影遮挡下总辐照。将步骤1、步骤3和步骤4计算出的直射辐照、散射辐照和反射辐照相加求和，最后算得光伏组件在近景阴影遮挡下有效总辐照。Step 5: Calculate and obtain the total irradiance of the photovoltaic module under shade. Add and sum the direct radiation, diffuse radiation and reflected radiation calculated in Step 1, Step 3 and Step 4, and finally calculate the effective total radiation of the photovoltaic module under close-range shadow occlusion.

按以上步骤即可得到在阴影遮挡情况下光伏组件辐照精准计算方法。According to the above steps, the precise calculation method of photovoltaic module radiation under the condition of shading can be obtained.

实施例1：为了验证本发明方法的可行性，在中国常州北纬31.47°，东经119.58°。对1*1光伏组件和障碍物在特定日期2022.7.1的直射阴影系数，如图5所示，3*4阵列利用不同行间距对散射阴影系数影响进行仿真，并PVsyst和SAM进行比较，比较结果如图6-1和6-2。Embodiment 1: In order to verify the feasibility of the method of the present invention, in Changzhou, China, the latitude is 31.47° north and the longitude 119.58° east. For the direct shading coefficient of 1*1 photovoltaic modules and obstacles on a specific date 2022.7.1, as shown in Figure 5, the 3*4 array uses different row spacing to simulate the influence of the scattering shading coefficient, and compares PVsyst and SAM. The results are shown in Figures 6-1 and 6-2.

结论：本发明所提方法，与PVsyst相比误差小于±5％，几乎呈现一致，验证了本发明方法的可行性和精确性。Conclusion: Compared with PVsyst, the error of the method proposed by the present invention is less than ±5%, which is almost the same, which verifies the feasibility and accuracy of the method of the present invention.

以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, and these improvements and modifications are also It should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A photovoltaic module irradiation calculation method under close-range shadow shielding is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: configuring parameters of a photovoltaic module, and calculating the reflection irradiation quantity of an inclined plane of the photovoltaic module when the photovoltaic module is not shielded;
step 2: performing geometric modeling on the photovoltaic module and the barrier, and calculating the intersection point and the shadow area of the light on the surface of the photovoltaic module;
and 3, step 3: calculating direct shadow coefficients of each photovoltaic module at different solar positions, and calculating direct irradiation amount under shadow shielding according to the direct shadow coefficients;
and 4, step 4: obtaining the scattering shadow coefficient of each photovoltaic module at different sun positions according to the direct shadow coefficient integral, and calculating the scattering irradiation quantity shielded by each module shadow;
and 5: calculating the inclined surface reflection irradiation DRI calculated in the step 1 and the direct irradiation DNI shielded by the shadow calculated in the step 3 s And step 4, calculating the scattered radiation dose DHI under the shadow shielding s And adding and summing, and finally calculating the effective total irradiation of the photovoltaic module under the shielding of a close-range shadow.
2. The method for calculating irradiation of the photovoltaic module under the shielding of the close-range shadow according to claim 1, wherein the specific steps of the step 1 are as follows:
the photovoltaic module parameters include:
longitude, latitude, ground reflectivity, total hourly irradiation, component inclination and azimuth parameters;
the formula (1) calculates the solar scattering exposure of the inclined plane of the photovoltaic array, wherein the inclined plane scattering comprises three terms: isotropic scattering irradiance, surrounding sun scattering irradiance, and horizontal scattering irradiance;
DNI＝I b R b
Figure FDA0003878207570000011
Figure FDA0003878207570000012
in the formula:
DNI represents the direct solar radiation dose of the inclined plane of the photovoltaic module and has the unit of J/m 2 ；
DHI represents the solar scattering irradiation dose of the inclined plane of the photovoltaic module and has the unit of J/m 2 ；
DRI represents the solar reflection irradiation dose of the inclined plane of the photovoltaic module and has the unit of J/m 2 ；
I p Represents the total solar irradiance on the horizontal plane in J/m 2 ；
I b Indicating the amount of direct solar radiation in a horizontal planeIn the unit of J/m 2 ；
I d Represents the amount of solar scattered radiation on a horizontal plane in J/m 2 ；
ρ g Representing the ground reflectivity;
beta represents the installation inclination angle of the photovoltaic module;
F 1 represents a ring-day luminance coefficient; f 2 Representing the annular horizon luminance coefficient;
R b representing the ratio of the direct irradiation dose on the inclined plane and the horizontal plane;
for the northern hemisphere:
Figure FDA0003878207570000021
for the southern hemisphere:
Figure FDA0003878207570000022
wherein beta is the installation inclination angle of the photovoltaic module,
Figure FDA0003878207570000023
the local latitude is, delta is the solar declination angle, and omega is the time angle;
three parameters of inclined plane direct irradiation dose DNI, inclined plane scattering irradiation dose DHI and inclined plane reflection irradiation dose DRI are calculated through an irradiation calculation formula (1).
3. The method for calculating the irradiation of the photovoltaic module under the close-range shadow shielding of claim 1, wherein the specific steps of the step 2 are as follows:
geometrically modeling a photovoltaic module to obtain a position coordinate point, the photovoltaic module being represented by four cartesian coordinates corresponding to a vertex of each corner of the module, the coordinates receiving data having module dimensions, coordinates and orientation angles; constructor V i Calculating the coordinates of four vertexes of the representation module, and performing two rotationsAnd one translation, as shown in the following formula (2):
Figure FDA0003878207570000024
in the formula: v. of i Representing coordinates of each vertex of the photovoltaic module;
v x coordinates representing the X-axis of the photovoltaic module vertex vector;
v y coordinates representing a photovoltaic module vertex vector Y axis;
v z coordinates representing a photovoltaic module vertex vector Z axis;
beta represents the installation inclination angle of the photovoltaic module;
gamma represents a photovoltaic module installation azimuth angle;
R y (β) represents a rotation matrix rotating about the y-axis;
R z (γ) represents a rotation matrix rotating about the z-axis;
d represents a translation vector;
carrying out geometric modeling on the obstacle to obtain the information of the obstacle, representing the convex angle point of the obstacle by using each Cartesian coordinate, and receiving the size, the position, an inclination angle and an azimuth angle of the obstacle by using the coordinates;
obtaining shadow coordinates under projection through formula (3), wherein each vertex of the obstacle is projected onto a given plane of the photovoltaic module; the projected coordinates can be calculated as the intersection of a line, defined by the obstacle vertex p, and a plane 0 Defining, the plane being defined by a face of the photovoltaic module; as shown in the following formula (3):
Figure FDA0003878207570000031
a＝(v 4 -v 1 )×(v 2 -v 1 )
in the formula: p is a radical of s Representing the projection of the peak of the obstacle on the surface of the photovoltaic module;
p o representing the direction of coordinates of the apex of the obstacleAn amount;
ν i representing the vertex coordinates of the photovoltaic module;
α represents a vector perpendicular to the surface of the component;
s represents a unit vector of the position of the sun;
calculating the intersection point and the shadow area of the light on the surface of the component; obtaining an intersection coordinate point according to the falling shadow point and the intersection function, as shown in the following formula (4):
xa x +ya y +za z +d＝0
p o,z ＝-(a x p o,x +a y p o,y +d)/a z (4)
in the formula: alpha is alpha x Represents a unit component perpendicular to the X-axis of the photovoltaic surface;
α y represents a unit component perpendicular to the Y-axis of the photovoltaic surface;
α z represents a unit component perpendicular to the Z-axis of the photovoltaic surface;
p o,x coordinates representing the X-axis of the obstacle vertex vector;
p o,y coordinates representing an obstacle vertex vector Y-axis;
p o,z coordinates representing the Z-axis of the obstacle vertex vector;
d is a constant.
4. The method for calculating irradiation of the photovoltaic module shielded by the close-range shadow according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3, the shadow part falling on the surface of the module is calculated by using the step 2, and the direct shadow coefficient f is obtained B As shown in formula (5):
Figure FDA0003878207570000041
in the formula: f. of B Representing a direct shadow occlusion coefficient;
A S representing a shadow blocking area on the surface of the photovoltaic component;
A M representing photovoltaic module surface area；
Calculating direct shadow coefficients of each module at different sun positions, and calculating direct irradiation amount under shadow shielding according to the direct shadow coefficients, as shown in formula (6):
DNI S ＝DNI·(1-f B ) (6)
in the formula: DNI S Representing the direct irradiation dose under shadow shading;
DNI represents the direct solar irradiance on the inclined plane of the photovoltaic module.
5. The method for calculating irradiation of photovoltaic modules shielded by close-range shadows according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4, a group of shadow coefficients are obtained by calculating direct shadow coefficients of each photovoltaic module at different sun positions; calculating a scattering shadow coefficient f according to a simplified formula by scattering sky isotropy and discretization D As shown in formula (7):
Figure FDA0003878207570000051
in the formula: f. of D Representing a scattering shadow occlusion coefficient;
f B representing a direct shadow occlusion coefficient;
AOI represents the angle of incidence;
alpha represents the solar altitude;
calculating the scattered radiation dose under shadow shielding according to the scattered shadow coefficient, as shown in the following formula (8):
DHI S ＝DHI·(1-f D ) (8)
in the formula: DHI S Representing the scattered radiation dose under shadow occlusion;
DHI represents the solar scattering irradiation of the inclined plane of the photovoltaic module;
f D representing the scattering shadow occlusion coefficient.
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