CN115534420A - 一种基于声学超材料的复合型隔声板 - Google Patents

一种基于声学超材料的复合型隔声板 Download PDF

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CN115534420A
CN115534420A CN202211001607.2A CN202211001607A CN115534420A CN 115534420 A CN115534420 A CN 115534420A CN 202211001607 A CN202211001607 A CN 202211001607A CN 115534420 A CN115534420 A CN 115534420A
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李军
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Sinetac Automobile Technology Shanghai Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种基于声学超材料的复合型隔声板，该隔声板由元胞单元排列组合而成，每个元胞单元由微穿孔板、吸声材料层、声学超材料板、吸声材料层和微穿孔板呈三明治夹层结构。本发明的复合型隔声板为插入式消声板，将复合型隔声板贴敷墙壁上，声波通过复合型隔声板时，微穿孔板及吸声材料层主要对中高频噪声进行降噪，通过声学超材料板时，通过对声学超材料板的能带图设计，产生局域共振，消耗能量达到降噪的目的，主要作用频率为低频。本发明结构简单，占用空间小，易于操作。

Description

一种基于声学超材料的复合型隔声板
技术领域
本发明涉及声学包隔声技术领域，特别涉及一种基于声学超材料的复合型隔声板。
背景技术
随着工业快速发展，工业噪声污染严重的影响了人们正常的生产生活。其中生产车间内的油泵或者发电机组等，其特有的低频噪声，由于噪声波长较长无法简单的通过单层钢板对其阻隔，故低频噪声的污染更为严重。
声学超材料的一个重要特征是具有声波带隙，即声学超材料是由两种或两种以上弹性介质组成的具有周期结构和弹性波带隙特性的功能材料或结构。声波在声学超材料中传播时，受其内部周期结构的作用，形成特殊的带隙。带隙频率范围的声波传播被抑制，因此声子晶体在降噪方面具有广阔的应用前景。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是克服现有技术的缺陷，提供一种基于声学超材料的复合型隔声板。
本发明提供了如下的技术方案：
本发明提供一种基于声学超材料的复合型隔声板，该复合型隔声板由胞元单元结构呈矩形排列连接组成，每个胞元单元结构包含微穿孔板、吸声材料层和声学超材料板，吸声材料层和微穿孔板呈三明治夹层结构，所述的胞元单元结构之间采用固定密封连接，从而形成复合型隔声板；
所述复合型隔声板包括由上向下且对称设置的第一层为微穿孔板和吸声材料层，所述的吸声材料层覆在微穿孔板的内侧，所述微穿孔板与吸声材料层胶连在一起且微穿孔板上设有若干呈矩形阵列的通孔；所述声学超材料板在第二层，第二层的每个网格中均设有胞元单元结构，所述的胞元单元结构呈矩形分布，所述声学超材料板包括矩形弹性薄膜和四个矩形质量块，所述矩形弹性薄膜与相邻胞元单元结构中的矩形质量块胶粘连接，所述四个矩形质量块平均分布在弹性薄膜两侧，其中矩形质量块的长边与弹性薄膜的短边平行且距离为1.5mm，并处中心位置；所述声学超材料板的底部设置和第一层相同的微穿孔板和吸声材料层，所述第三层吸声材料层和微穿孔板与第一层的微穿孔板和吸声材料层关于中间声学超材料板上下对称；
即复合型隔声板从上至下依次为微穿孔板、吸声材料层、声学超材料板、吸声材料层和微穿孔板。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案，所述微穿孔板的厚度为0.5mm，其穿孔率为40～50％，微穿孔板的通孔孔径为2～4mm，材料为普通钢。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案，所述吸声材料层的吸声材料为吸声棉，吸声材料层的厚度为10～15mm。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案，所述矩形弹性薄膜为硅胶薄膜，所述声学超材料板的尺寸为长为30mm，宽为15mm，厚度为0.1～0.3mm。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案，所述复合型隔声板可根据实际空间尺寸由若干个胞元单元结构组装而成，则矩形弹性薄膜的尺寸也可以按实际空间尺寸定制而成，相邻胞元单元结构上的微穿孔板之间需缝焊连接，其吸声材料层采用胶粘连接。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案，所述矩形质量块其长为12mm，宽为6mm，厚为1～2mm，材料为普通钢。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果如下：
1、本发明中噪声通过微穿孔板、吸声材料层及声学超材料等的综合作用，不仅对低频波段(45～55Hz)的噪声源声压级达到降低10dB的效果，而且在100～5000Hz宽频段内能够降低20～25dB；
2、本发明中可通过增加声学超材料中质量块的材质密度，拓宽降噪的频率范围；
3、本发明中可以通过增加质量块的质量，使降噪的频率范围向低频偏移；
4、本发明中微穿孔板和声学材料层组合在一起能更充分地降低声波中高低频率的能量，达到降噪隔声的效果；
5、本发明中复合型隔声板是由若干个微小胞元单元结构组成，在保证胞元单元结构的隔声效果前提下，可以根据不同空间的需求进行灵活的调整。
附图说明
附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，并且构成说明书的一部分，与本发明的实施例一起用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的限制。在附图中：
图1为本发明结构示意图；
图2为本发明的胞元单元结构示意图；
图3为本发明的声学超材料板示意图之一；
图4为本发明的声学超材料板示意图之二；
图5为本发明的微穿孔板示意图；
图6为本发明的吸声材料层示意图；
图中：1、胞元单元结构；2、微穿孔板；3、矩形质量块；4、矩形弹性薄膜；5、吸声材料层；6、声学超材料板。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的优选实施例进行说明，应当理解，此处所描述的优选实施例仅用于说明和解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。其中附图中相同的标号全部指的是相同的部件。
此外，如果已知技术的详细描述对于示出本发明的特征是不必要的，则将其省略。需要说明的是，下面描述中使用的词语“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“上”和“下”指的是附图中的方向，词语“内”和“外”分别指的是朝向或远离特定部件几何中心的方向。
实施例1
如图1～6所示，本发明一种基于声学超材料的复合型隔声板，该复合型隔声板由胞元单元结构1呈矩形排列连续组成；每个胞元单元结构1从上到下依次是微穿孔板2、吸声材料层5、声学超材料板6、吸声材料层5和微穿孔板2。胞元单元结构1之间需要做密封连接，防止产生声泄露。如微穿孔板2之间采用缝焊连接，声学超材料板6内的矩形弹性薄膜4采用胶粘连接，吸声材料层5之间采用胶粘连接，从而形成了复合型隔声板，相对于传统的隔声板，不仅打开了对低频的隔声特性，而且在中高频有着较为优秀的隔声性能，达到更好的消音效果；
微穿孔板2和吸声材料层5通过胶粘连接，吸声材料层5的吸声材料为吸声棉，吸声材料层5的厚度为10～15mm，微穿孔板2上设有若干呈矩形阵列分布的通孔7,微穿孔板2的厚度为0.4～0.8mm，其穿孔率为40～50％，微穿孔板2的通孔7孔径为2～4mm，材料为普通钢，微穿孔板2的尺寸和复合型隔声板1的尺寸相同；微穿孔板2通过选择不同的穿孔率和板厚不同的孔深用于控制复合型隔声板的频谱性能，使其在需要的频率范围内获得良好的隔声效果；
复合型隔声板包括微穿孔板2、吸声材料层5和声学超材料板6等，声学超材料板6包括矩形弹性薄膜4和四个矩形质量块3，矩形弹性薄膜4与相邻胞元单元结构1中的矩形弹性薄膜4粘连接，所述四个矩形质量块3平均分布在矩形弹性薄膜4两侧，其中矩形质量块3的长边与矩形弹性薄膜4的短边平行且距离为1.5mm，并处中心位置。矩形弹性薄膜4为矩形硅胶薄膜，其单个胞元的尺寸为长为30mm，宽为15mm，厚度为0.1～0.3mm；质量块为矩形，其长为12mm，宽为6mm，厚为1～2mm，材料为普通钢。
本发明中的每个胞元单元结构1设置两对微穿孔板2和吸声材料层5，分别在声学超材料板6的两侧并形成对称。噪声声波通过复合型隔声板的微穿孔板2、吸声材料层5及声学超材料板6等的综合作用，不仅对低频波段(45～55Hz)的噪声源声压级达到降低10dB的效果，而且在100～5000Hz宽频段内能够降低20～25dB；如果增加声学超材料板6中矩形质量块3的材质密度，拓宽降噪的频率范围。还可以通过增加矩形质量块3的质量，使降噪的频率范围向低频段偏移。
将复合型隔声板直接放置在需要隔声的空间中，即可实现降噪的目的，安装方便；声波穿过复合型隔声板时，微穿孔板2及吸声材料层5主要对中高频噪声进行降噪；通过声学超材料板6时，受到弹性薄膜4和矩形质量块3结构的作用，产生局部共振，消耗能量到达降噪的目的，主要作用频率为低频。
最后应说明的是：以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (6)

1.一种基于声学超材料的复合型隔声板，其特征在于，该复合型隔声板由胞元单元结构(1)呈矩形排列连接组成，每个胞元单元结构(1)包含微穿孔板(2)、吸声材料层(5)和声学超材料板(6)，吸声材料层(5)和微穿孔板(2)呈三明治夹层结构，所述的胞元单元结构(1)之间采用固定密封连接，从而形成复合型隔声板；
所述复合型隔声板包括由上向下且对称设置的第一层为微穿孔板(2)和吸声材料层(5)，所述的吸声材料层(5)覆在微穿孔板(2)的内侧，所述微穿孔板(2)与吸声材料层(5)胶连在一起且微穿孔板(2)上设有若干呈矩形阵列的通孔；所述声学超材料板(6)在第二层，第二层的每个网格中均设有胞元单元结构(1)，所述的胞元单元结构(1)呈矩形分布，所述声学超材料板(6)包括矩形弹性薄膜(4)和四个矩形质量块(3)，所述矩形弹性薄膜(4)与相邻胞元单元结构(1)中的矩形质量块(3)胶粘连接，所述四个矩形质量块(3)平均分布在弹性薄膜(4)两侧，其中矩形质量块(3)的长边与弹性薄膜(4)的短边平行且距离为1.5mm，并处中心位置；所述声学超材料板(6)的底部设置和第一层相同的微穿孔板(2)和吸声材料层(5)，所述第三层吸声材料层(5)和微穿孔板(2)与第一层的微穿孔板(2)和吸声材料层(5)关于中间声学超材料板(6)上下对称；
即复合型隔声板从上至下依次为微穿孔板(2)、吸声材料层(5)、声学超材料板(6)、吸声材料层(5)和微穿孔板(2)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于声学超材料的复合型隔声板，其特征在于，所述微穿孔板(2)的厚度为0.5mm，其穿孔率为40～50％，微穿孔板(2)的通孔孔径为2～4mm，材料为普通钢。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于声学超材料的复合型隔声板，其特征在于，所述吸声材料层(5)的吸声材料为吸声棉，吸声材料层(5)的厚度为10～15mm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于声学超材料的复合型隔声板，其特征在于，所述矩形弹性薄膜(4)为硅胶薄膜，所述声学超材料板(6)的尺寸为长为30mm，宽为15mm，厚度为0.1～0.3mm。
5.根据权利要求1-4所述的一种基于声学超材料的复合型隔声板，其特征在于，所述复合型隔声板可根据实际空间尺寸由若干个胞元单元结构(1)组装而成，则矩形弹性薄膜(4)的尺寸也可以按实际空间尺寸定制而成，相邻胞元单元结构(1)上的微穿孔板(2)之间需缝焊连接，其吸声材料层(5)采用胶粘连接。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于声学超材料的复合型隔声板，其特征在于，所述矩形质量块(3)其长为12mm，宽为6mm，厚为1～2mm，材料为普通钢。
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